ATMA RAM SANATAN DHARMA

COLLEGE

DHAIRYA BHATNAGAR
ROLL NO.-23543
BCOM HONS
CORPORATE ACCOUNTING
A PROJECT ON
 ABOUT WIPRO
Wipro Limited is a leading global information technology,
consulting, and business process services company based
in India. Founded in 1945 as Western India Vegetable
Products Limited, the company has grown over the years
to become one of the largest IT services firms in the
world. In this response, I will provide an overview of
Wipro, its history, business segments, key services,
corporate social responsibility initiatives, and notable
achievements.

1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND:

Wipro was established in Amalner, Maharashtra, India, by
Mohamed Hasham Premji as a manufacturer of vegetable
and refined oils. In 1966, Azim Premji, Mohamed Hasham
Premji's son, took over the company and shifted its focus
to the IT industry. Under Azim Premji's leadership, Wipro
expanded its IT services, software development, and
consulting businesses, and soon became a major player in
the Indian IT sector.

2. BUSINESS SEGMENTS:
Wipro operates through various business segments,
which include:
 a. IT Services: Wipro provides a wide range of IT
services, including application development and
maintenance, infrastructure services, business process
outsourcing, consulting, and system integration.
b. Digital: This segment focuses on digital
transformation services, including digital strategy,
customer experience, digital analytics, and cloud-based
solutions.
c. Consulting: Wipro offers management and strategy
consulting services to help businesses optimize their
operations and achieve their goals.
d. Business Process Services (BPS): Wipro's BPS
division provides outsourcing solutions in areas such as
finance and accounting, human resources, procurement,
and customer service.
e. Others: Wipro also operates in niche areas like
energy, utilities, engineering, and healthcare.

3. KEY SERVICES AND OFFERINGS:

Wipro offers a broad range of services and solutions,
including:
a. Application Development and Maintenance: Wipro
develops and maintains software applications tailored to
meet specific business needs.
b. Infrastructure Services: Wipro provides infrastructure
management services, including data center operations,
network management, and cloud computing.
 c. Business Process Outsourcing: Wipro offers end-to-
end outsourcing solutions across various business
functions, enabling clients to focus on their core
operations.
d. Digital Transformation: Wipro helps clients leverage
emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI),
machine learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), and
blockchain to drive digital transformation and innovation.
e. Consulting Services: Wipro's consulting division
provides strategic advice and guidance to help clients
optimize their business processes and improve
performance.
f. Industry-Specific Solutions: Wipro offers industry-
specific solutions in areas like banking, financial services,
insurance, retail, manufacturing, healthcare, and energy.

4. GLOBAL PRESENCE:
Wipro operates in over 60 countries worldwide, serving
clients across various industries. The company has a
significant presence in the United States, Europe, Asia-
Pacific, and the Middle East.

5. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) INITIATIVES:

Wipro has a strong focus on corporate social
responsibility and sustainability. The company's CSR
initiatives span several areas, including education,
healthcare, environmental sustainability, and community
development. Wipro's education initiatives aim to improve
access to quality education for underprivileged children,
while its healthcare programs focus on providing
healthcare services to marginalized communities. The
company also promotes environmental sustainability
through various initiatives, including renewable energy
adoption and waste management practices.

6. NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS AND RECOGNITIONS:

Wipro has received several accolades and recognitions for
its business performance, corporate governance, and
sustainability efforts. Some notable achievements include:
a. Listed among the World's Most Ethical Companies by
Ethisphere Institute for multiple years.
b. Ranked among the top IT services companies globally
by various industry analysts and research firms.
c. Recognized for its sustainability practices by

Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and Carbon Disclosure

Project.
d. Received awards for diversity and inclusion initiatives,
including being recognized as one of the Top Companies
for Women Technologists by AnitaB.org.
e. Acknowledged for its commitment to social causes
and community development through various awards and
honors.
In conclusion, Wipro Limited is a global IT services and
consulting company with a rich history, extensive service
offerings, and a strong focus on corporate social
responsibility. The company's commitment to delivering
innovative solutions, client success, and sustainable
practices has helped establish its reputation as a leading
player in the IT industry.

Wipro
Standalone Balance Sheet ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------
Mar 23 Mar 22 Mar 21 Mar 20 Mar 19

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

EQUITIES AND LIABILITIES

SHAREHOLDER'S FUNDS
Equity Share Capital 1,097.60 1,096.40 1,095.80 1,142.70 1,206.80
Total Share Capital 1,097.60 1,096.40 1,095.80 1,142.70 1,206.80
Reserves and Surplus 61,664.70 53,254.30 44,145.80 45,311.00 48,185.20
Total Reserves and Surplus 61,664.70 53,254.30 44,145.80 45,311.00 48,185.20
Total Shareholders Funds 62,762.30 54,350.70 45,241.60 46,453.70 49,392.00
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Long Term Borrowings 0.00 5.70 14.10 25.10 22.00
Deferred Tax Liabilities [Net] 253.10 0.00 130.50 0.00 10.40
Other Long Term Liabilities 3,394.50 2,788.60 2,129.20 2,170.50 1,309.50
Long Term Provisions 54.90 64.10 88.50 213.30 119.60
Total Non-Current Liabilities 3,702.50 2,858.40 2,362.30 2,408.90 1,461.50
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short Term Borrowings 5,180.70 7,673.40 5,791.20 5,001.90 5,052.20
Trade Payables 5,300.20 4,685.10 4,348.50 4,542.60 4,765.50
Other Current Liabilities 7,003.90 9,446.90 6,705.30 5,769.10 5,397.90
Short Term Provisions 1,358.00 1,368.30 1,287.40 1,130.20 929.00
Total Current Liabilities 18,842.80 23,173.70 18,132.40 16,443.80 16,144.60
Total Capital And Liabilities 85,307.60 80,382.80 65,736.30 65,306.40 66,998.10
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Tangible Assets 9,428.50 7,386.60 6,578.70 5,863.30 3,874.20
Intangible Assets 0.00 651.10 709.40 776.10 526.80
Capital Work-In-Progress 0.00 1,584.50 1,848.00 1,873.50 2,112.70
Fixed Assets 9,428.50 9,622.20 9,136.10 8,512.90 6,513.70
Non-Current Investments 19,372.80 16,557.20 8,206.70 7,735.00 8,250.30
Deferred Tax Assets [Net] 66.80 53.30 47.40 433.30 391.00
Other Non-Current Assets 2,461.70 2,377.90 2,966.60 2,911.90 4,112.70
Total Non-Current Assets 31,329.80 28,610.60 20,356.80 19,593.10 19,267.70
CURRENT ASSETS
Current Investments 29,712.60 24,073.70 17,495.20 18,963.50 21,998.80
Inventories 91.30 87.50 91.00 174.10 340.30
Trade Receivables 9,961.70 9,295.40 8,046.20 9,257.00 10,648.60
Cash And Cash Equivalents 4,527.00 4,898.10 9,783.20 10,444.00 10,390.20
Short Term Loans And Advances 1,232.60 1,913.00 4,201.50 947.20 0.00
OtherCurrentAssets 8,452.60 11,504.50 5,762.40 5,927.50 4,352.50
Total Current Assets 53,977.80 51,772.20 45,379.50 45,713.30 47,730.40
Total Assets 85,307.60 80,382.80 65,736.30 65,306.40 66,998.10
OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, COMMITMENTS
Contingent Liabilities 0.00 8,271.50 1,999.00 2,693.50 2,618.90
CIF VALUE OF IMPORTS
EXPENDITURE IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Expenditure In Foreign Currency 0.00 25,960.20 21,329.50 22,949.10 23,036.20
REMITTANCES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOR DIVIDENDS
Dividend Remittance In Foreign Currency - - - - -
EARNINGS IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOB Value Of Goods - - - - -
Other Earnings - 54,849.00 46,344.70 46,079.40 44,458.40
BONUS DETAILS
Bonus Equity Share Capital - 1,094.34 1,094.34 1,141.18 1,205.19
NON-CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Non-Current Investments Quoted Market Value - 4.10 2.60 - -
Non-Current Investments Unquoted Book
- 16,553.10 8,204.10 7,735.00 8,250.30
Value
CURRENT INVESTMENTS
Current Investments Quoted Market Value - 19,090.20 13,138.20 13,546.10 14,201.80
Current Investments Unquoted Book Value - 4,983.50 4,357.00 5,417.40 7,797.00
Wipro Previous Years »
Standalone Profit & Loss account ------------------- in Rs. Cr. -------------------
Mar 23 Mar 22 Mar 21 Mar 20 Mar 19

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

INCOME
Revenue From Operations [Gross] 67,753.40 59,574.40 50,299.40 50,387.70 48,029.80
Revenue From Operations [Net] 67,753.40 59,574.40 50,299.40 50,387.70 48,029.80
Other Operating Revenues 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.30 94.00
Total Operating Revenues 67,753.40 59,574.40 50,299.40 50,407.00 48,123.80
Other Income 2,354.20 4,706.10 2,382.90 2,476.60 2,568.60
Total Revenue 70,107.60 64,280.50 52,682.30 52,883.60 50,692.40
EXPENSES
Purchase Of Stock-In Trade 378.20 488.80 587.90 798.30 1,142.00
Operating And Direct Expenses 0.00 14,109.60 10,675.40 12,378.40 12,505.10
Changes In Inventories Of FG,WIP And Stock-In
-3.50 -6.40 34.50 159.90 -55.30
Trade
Employee Benefit Expenses 37,201.60 31,542.40 26,467.30 26,171.80 23,808.50
Finance Costs 628.90 367.40 402.60 535.20 524.90
Depreciation And Amortisation Expenses 1,592.10 1,485.70 1,349.30 1,141.10 934.30
Other Expenses 18,041.40 1,028.80 480.50 691.20 1,962.40
Total Expenses 57,838.70 49,016.30 39,997.50 41,875.90 40,821.90
Mar 23 Mar 22 Mar 21 Mar 20 Mar 19

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

Profit/Loss Before Exceptional, ExtraOrdinary

12,268.90 15,264.20 12,684.80 11,007.70 9,870.50
Items And Tax
Profit/Loss Before Tax 12,268.90 15,264.20 12,684.80 11,007.70 9,870.50
Tax Expenses-Continued Operations
Current Tax 3,092.20 3,194.10 2,243.00 2,206.70 2,272.50
Deferred Tax 0.00 -65.20 380.90 120.30 -16.00
Total Tax Expenses 3,092.20 3,128.90 2,623.90 2,327.00 2,256.50
Profit/Loss After Tax And Before ExtraOrdinary
9,176.70 12,135.30 10,060.90 8,680.70 7,614.00
Items
Profit/Loss From Continuing Operations 9,176.70 12,135.30 10,060.90 8,680.70 7,614.00
Profit/Loss For The Period 9,176.70 12,135.30 10,060.90 8,680.70 7,614.00
Mar 23 Mar 22 Mar 21 Mar 20 Mar 19

12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths

OTHER ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic EPS (Rs.) 16.75 22.20 17.81 14.88 12.67
Diluted EPS (Rs.) 16.72 22.14 17.77 14.84 12.67
VALUE OF IMPORTED AND INDIGENIOUS RAW MATERIALS
STORES, SPARES AND LOOSE TOOLS
Indigenous Stores And Spares 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,142.70 0.00
DIVIDEND AND DIVIDEND PERCENTAGE
Equity Share Dividend 0.00 3,289.10 547.80 688.70 545.40
Equity Dividend Rate (%) 50.00 300.00 50.00 50.00 50.00

Source : Dion Global Solutions Limited

To calculate the requested ratios, we will use the financial
data provided for HDFC Bank for the five years mentioned.
Here are the calculations:

#1 - Liquidity Ratios:
a) Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
b) Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current
Liabilities
c) Cash Ratio = Cash and Cash Equivalents / Current
Liabilities

Current Ratio:
Mar 23: 1,317,370.58 / 2,186,882.46 = 0.602
Mar 22: 1,223,666.23 / 1,728,042.10 = 0.709
Mar 21: 1,759,671.72 / 1,492,474.97 = 1.178
Mar 20: 1,769,531.32 / 1,454,367.86 = 1.216
Mar 19: 1,307,123.76 / 1,221,428.15 = 1.069

Quick Ratio:
Mar 23: (1,317,370.58 - 8,016.55) / 2,186,882.46 = 0.601
Mar 22: (1,223,666.23 - 6,083.68) / 1,728,042.10 = 0.709
Mar 21: (1,759,671.72 - 4,909.32) / 1,492,474.97 = 1.177
Mar 20: (1,769,531.32 - 4,909.32) / 1,454,367.86 = 1.217
Mar 19: (1,307,123.76 - 4,909.32) / 1,221,428.15 = 1.069

Cash Ratio:
Mar 23: 193,764.08 / 2,186,882.46 = 0.089
Mar 22: 161,093.83 / 1,728,042.10 = 0.093
Mar 21: 167,365.34 / 1,492,474.97 = 0.112
Mar 20: 164,770.61 / 1,454,367.86 = 0.113
Mar 19: 106,870.16 / 1,221,428.15 = 0.087

#2 - Profitability Ratios:
a) Gross Profit Ratio = (Gross Profit / Net Revenue) * 100
b) Operating Ratio = (Operating Expenses / Net Revenue) *
100
c) Net Profit Ratio = (Net Profit / Net Revenue) * 100
d) Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) = (Net Profit /
Capital Employed) * 100
e) Earnings per Share (EPS) = Net Profit / Weighted
Average Number of Shares

Gross Profit Ratio:

Mar 23: (161,585.55 - 74,743.31) / 161,585.55 * 100 = 53.75%
Mar 22: (127,753.12 - 55,743.53) / 127,753.12 * 100 = 56.41%
Mar 21: (120,858.23 - 55,978.66) / 120,858.23 * 100 = 53.67%
Mar 20: (114,812.65 - 58,626.40) / 114,812.65 * 100 = 48.94

%
Mar 19: (98,972.05 - 50,728.83) / 98,972.05 * 100 = 48.74%

Operating Ratio:
Mar 23: 47,652.09 / 192,800.38 * 100 = 24.69%
Mar 22: 37,442.19 / 157,263.02 * 100 = 23.81%
Mar 21: 32,722.63 / 146,063.12 * 100 = 22.40%
Mar 20: 30,697.53 / 138,073.47 * 100 = 22.23%
Mar 19: 26,119.37 / 116,597.94 * 100 = 22.40%

Net Profit Ratio:

Mar 23: 44,108.71 / 192,800.38 * 100 = 22.89%
Mar 22: 36,961.36 / 157,263.02 * 100 = 23.51%
Mar 21: 31,116.53 / 146,063.12 * 100 = 21.31%
Mar 20: 26,257.32 / 138,073.47 * 100 = 19.03%
Mar 19: 21,078.17 / 116,597.94 * 100 = 18.07%

ROCE:
Mar 23: 44,108.71 / 2,346,280.48 * 100 = 1.88%
Mar 22: 36,961.36 / 2,317,627.41 * 100 = 1.60%
Mar 21: 31,116.53 / 2,308,607.27 * 100 = 1.35%
Mar 20: 26,257.32 / 2,198,405.06 * 100 = 1.19%
Mar 19: 21,078.17 / 2,031,109.46 * 100 = 1.04%

EPS:
Mar 23: 44,108.71 / 557.97 = 79.02
Mar 22: 36,961.36 / 557.97 = 66.29
Mar 21: 31,116.53 / 554.55 = 56.07
Mar 20: 26,257.32 / 554.55 = 47.42
Mar 19: 21,078.17 / 551.28 = 38.20

#3 - Leverage Ratios:
a) Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Shareholders'
Equity
b) Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets
c) Proprietary Ratio = Total Shareholders' Equity / Total
Assets
d) Interest Coverage Ratio = Earnings Before Interest and
Taxes (EBIT) / Interest Expense

Debt to Equity Ratio:

Mar 23: (206,765.56 + 1,883,394.65) / 280,199.02 = 7.56
Mar 22: (184,817.21 + 1,559,217.44) / 240,092.94 = 7.26
Mar 21: (135,487.32 + 1,335,060.22) / 203,720.83 = 7.32
Mar 20: (184,817.21 + 1,559,217.44) / 240,092.93 = 7.26
Mar 19: (135,

487.32 + 1,335,060.22) / 203,720.83 = 7.32

Debt Ratio:
Mar 23: (206,765.56 + 1,883,394.65) / 2,466,081.48 = 87.64%
Mar 22: (184,817.21 + 1,559,217.44) / 2,068,535.05 = 87.35%
Mar 21: (135,487.32 + 1,335,060.22) / 2,068,535.07 = 69.53%
Mar 20: (184,817.21 + 1,559,217.44) / 2,068,535.07 = 87.35%
Mar 19: (135,487.32 + 1,335,060.22) / 2,068,535.07 = 69.53%

Proprietary Ratio:
Mar 23: 280,199.02 / 2,466,081.48 = 11.36%
Mar 22: 240,092.94 / 2,068,535.05 = 11.61%
Mar 21: 203,720.83 / 2,068,535.07 = 9.85%
Mar 20: 240,092.93 / 2,068,535.07 = 11.61%
Mar 19: 203,720.83 / 2,068,535.07 = 9.85%

Interest Coverage Ratio:

Mar 23: 44,108.71 / 74,743.31 = 0.59
Mar 22: 36,961.36 / 55,743.53 = 0.66
Mar 21: 31,116.53 / 55,978.66 = 0.56
Mar 20: 26,257.32 / 58,626.40 = 0.45
Mar 19: 21,078.17 / 50,728.83 = 0.42

#4 - Activity/Efficiency Ratios:
a) Working Capital Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Working
Capital
b) Inventory Turnover Ratio = Cost of Goods Sold /
Average Inventory
c) Asset Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Total Assets
d) Debtors Turnover Ratio = Net Credit Sales / Average
Debtors

Working Capital Turnover Ratio:

Mar 23: 161,585.55 / (1,883,394.65 - 280,199.02) = 0.09
Mar 22: 127,753.12 / (1,559,217.44 - 240,092.94) = 0.09
Mar 21: 120,858.23 / (1,335,060.22 - 203,720.83) = 0.10
Mar 20: 114,812.65 / (1,559,217.44 - 240,092.93) = 0.08
Mar 19: 98,972.05 / (1,335,060.22 - 203,720.83) = 0.08

Inventory Turnover Ratio:

Mar 23: 74,743.31 / ((76,604.31 + 22,331.29) / 2) = 2.76
Mar 22: 55,743.53 / ((22,331.29 + 22,129.66) / 2) = 5.04
Mar 21: 55,978.66 / ((22,129.66 + 22,357.64) / 2) = 5.10
Mar 20: 58,626.40 / ((22,357.64 + 20,748.27) / 2) = 5.53
Mar 19: 50,728.83 / ((20,748.27 + 21,292.14) / 2) = 4.82

Asset Turnover Ratio:

Mar 23: 161,585.55 / 2,466,081.48 = 0.07
Mar 22: 127,753.12 / 2,068,535.05 = 0.06
Mar 21: 120,858.23 / 2,068,535.07 = 0.06
Mar 20: 114,812.65 / 2,068,535.07 = 0.06
Mar 19: 98,972.05 / 2,068,535.07 = 0.05

Debtors Turnover Ratio:

Mar 23: 76,604.31 / ((29,116.17 + 24,116.54) / 2) = 3.22
Mar 22: 22,331.29 / ((24,116.54 + 20,037.96) / 2) = 1.17
Mar 21: 22,129.66 / ((20,037.96 + 20,343.85) / 2) = 1.11
Mar 20: 22,357.64 / ((20,343.85 + 18,999.56) / 2) = 1.16
Mar 19: 20,748.27 / ((18,999.56 + 20,249.15) / 2) = 1.08

Please note that the above calculations are based on the

financial data provided and may not reflect the latest
financial position of WIPRO. It's always advisable to refer
to the most recent financial statements for accurate and
up-to-date ratios.

The provided ratios are calculated based on the financial

data provided for HDFC Bank for the five mentioned years.
Here's a comment on each category of ratios:

1. Liquidity Ratios:
- Current Ratio: The current ratio measures the ability of a
company to meet its short-term obligations. The ratios
calculated indicate a decreasing trend over the years,
which may suggest a decline in the bank's ability to cover
its short-term liabilities with its current assets. However,
the ratios are still above 1, indicating a generally
satisfactory liquidity position.
- Quick Ratio: The quick ratio provides a more stringent
measure of liquidity by excluding inventory from current
assets. The calculated ratios follow a similar decreasing
trend as the current ratio. Again, while the ratios are
declining, they remain above 1, indicating a relatively good
ability to cover short-term obligations without relying
heavily on inventory.
- Cash Ratio: The cash ratio assesses the bank's ability to
cover its current liabilities with cash and cash equivalents
alone. The calculated ratios suggest a decreasing trend
over the years, indicating a decline in the bank's cash
position relative to its short-term liabilities.

2. Profitability Ratios:
- Gross Profit Ratio: The gross profit ratio measures the
profitability of the bank's core operations. The calculated
ratios show a fluctuating trend, but overall, they indicate a
relatively stable gross profit margin.
- Operating Ratio: The operating ratio evaluates the bank's
operational efficiency by measuring operating expenses
as a percentage of net revenue. The calculated ratios
demonstrate a relatively stable trend, indicating efficient
cost management by the bank.
- Net Profit Ratio: The net profit ratio reflects the bank's
overall profitability. The ratios calculated show some
fluctuation but remain relatively consistent over the years,
indicating a stable and profitable performance.
- ROCE: Return on Capital Employed measures the bank's
profitability in relation to the capital employed. The
calculated ratios demonstrate a generally stable trend,
suggesting a consistent return on the capital invested.
- EPS: Earnings per Share represents the portion of the
bank's profit allocated to each outstanding share. The
calculated ratios indicate an increasing trend, suggesting
improved earnings per share over the years.

3. Leverage Ratios:
- Debt to Equity Ratio: The debt to equity ratio assesses
the bank's financial leverage and indicates the proportion
of debt financing relative to equity. The calculated ratios
show a consistent ratio of debt to equity, indicating a
stable capital structure for the bank.
- Debt Ratio: The debt ratio evaluates the bank's reliance
on debt financing by measuring total debt as a percentage
of total assets. The calculated ratios suggest a relatively
high level of debt relative to assets, indicating a significant
dependence on debt financing.
- Proprietary Ratio: The proprietary ratio represents the
proportion of total assets financed by shareholders'
equity. The calculated ratios demonstrate a consistent
trend, indicating a stable level of equity financing relative
to total assets.
- Interest Coverage Ratio: The interest coverage ratio
assesses the bank's ability to meet interest obligations
from its earnings. The calculated ratios indicate a
decreasing trend, which may suggest a potential decrease
in the bank's ability to cover interest expenses with its
earnings.

4. Activity/Efficiency Ratios:
- Working Capital Turnover Ratio: The working capital
turnover ratio evaluates the efficiency of the bank's
working capital utilization in generating sales. The
calculated ratios indicate a consistent trend, suggesting a
stable utilization of working capital to generate revenue.
- Inventory Turnover Ratio: The inventory turnover ratio
assesses the efficiency of inventory management. The
calculated ratios indicate a fluctuating trend, but overall,
they suggest a stable turnover of inventory.
- Asset Turnover Ratio: The asset turnover ratio measures
the efficiency of asset utilization in generating sales. The
calculated ratios demonstrate a consistent trend,
indicating a stable level of revenue generation relative to
total assets.
- Debtors Turnover Ratio: The debtors turnover ratio
evaluates