Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Bogatyreva M A Uchebnik Angliiskogo Yazyka Dlya Neyazykovyh
Bogatyreva M A Uchebnik Angliiskogo Yazyka Dlya Neyazykovyh
М.А. Богатырёва
Учебник
английского языка
для неязыковых гуманитарных
вузов
Москва
Издательство «Флинта»
Московский психологосоциальный институт
2011
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Англ-923
Б73
Серия «Библиотека студента»
Г л а в н ы й р е д а к т о р Д.И. Фельдштейн
З а м е с т и т е л ь г л а в н о г о р е д а к т о р а
С.К. Бондырева
Ч л е н ы р е д а к ц и о н н о й к о л л е г и и:
А.Г. Асмолов, В.А. Болотов, В.П. Борисенков, А.А. Деркач,
А.И. Донцов, И.В. Дубровина, М.И. Кондаков, В.Г. Костомаров, Н.Н. Малофеев,
Н.Д. Никандров, В.А. Поляков,
В.В. Рубцов, Э.В. Сайко
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
д-р пед. наук, проф., Академик Международной
Академии Информации Э.А. Штульман
д-р пед. наук, проф. Н.Д. Гальскова
канд. пед. наук, проф. Л.П. Смирнова
Богатырёва М.А.
Б73 Учебник английского языка для неязыковых гуманитарных вузов. Началь-
ный этап обучения [электронный ресурс] / М.А. Богатырёва. – 2-е изд., сте
реотип. – М. : Флинта : МПСИ, 2011. — 640 с.
ISBN 978-5893497113 (Флинта)
ISBN 978-5895027585 (МПСИ)
Настоящий учебник, адресованный студентам гуманитарных факультетов неязы ко
вых вузов, состоит из Вводного и Базового курсов. Вводный курс направлен на освоение
студентами звукографической системы английского языка, необходимой для развития у
них начальных умений и навыков устной и письменной речи, чтения и аудирования. С
этой же целью в учебник включены дополнительные аудитивные материалы, которые
озвучиваются преподавателем в ходе урока. Одной из задач Базового курса является
формирование у обучаемых социокультурной компетенции, умение преодолевать сбои
в общении с носителями иных культур. Не случайно поэтому в основу Базового курса
положены аутентичные англоязычные источники, отражающие современное языковое
сознание носителей языка.
Обеспечивая выход в наиболее типичные ситуации межкультурного общения,
учебник может быть рекомендован не только студентам неязыковых гуманитарных
вузов. Книга доступна старшим лицеистам, слушателям курсов иностранных языков,
а так же всем тем, кто желает изучать английский язык самостоятельно.
ÓÄÊ 811.111(075)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Англ-923
3
товый, 3) функциональный и 4) тестовый разделы и завершает-
ся списком активной лексики урока.
Поскольку печатные тексты содержат не весь лексический
минимум, подлежащий изучению, то часть слов вводится и
закрепляется в ситуациях речевого общения под рубрикой
“Remember!”. Другая часть, направленная на формирование
пассивного словаря студентов, помещена под рубрикой “Note!”.
В качестве методической доминанты в технологии построе-
ния учебника выступают задания, направленные на сопостав-
ление исходной и изучаемой культур. Тематикоситуативное
разнообразие курса и социокультурный принцип организации
учебного материала призваны обеспечить профессиональную
мотивацию и развитие эмпатических способностей обучаемых
даже при достижении относительно невысокого уровня владе-
ния языком.
Автор приносит благодарность кандидату филологичес-
ких наук, профессору И.К. Кочетковой за ценные замечания,
высказанные в ходе разработки пробного варианта учебника в
Дипломатической академии МИД РФ. Особую признатель-
ность автор выражает ректорату АТиСО, кандидату эко-
номических наук, профессору Т.В. Гришиной за содействие в
подготовке учебника к печати, желает всем обучаемым успе-
хов в работе с новой книгой и обретения прочных знаний.
Автор
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ __________________________________ 3
ВВОДНЫЙ КУРС
ВВЕДЕНИЕ _______________________________________ 11
UNIT 1. GREETINGS
(Приветствие) ______________________ 17
5
Грамматика. Разделительный вопрос. Утвердительная форма
повелительного наклонения. Предлоги about, with для выражения
падежных отношений.
Текст. A Letter from London.
Ролевая игра. Приглашение.
6
UNIT 7. A TYPICAL DAY
(Обычный день) ____________________ 113
7
Тексты. Text A: The Age of the Train. Text B: London’s Heathrow.
Ролевая игра. Поездка в аэропорт.
БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС
8
UNIT 14. TOO MUCH TRAFFIC
(Слишком интенсивное движение) ____ 362
9
UNIT 18. THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL
(Мысли широко, действуй
конкретно) ________________________ 524
Английский алфавит
1. Разучите английский алфавит. Обратите внимание на
основные знаки фонетической транскрипции.
а) Прослушайте, как произносятся буквы английского
алфавита и повторяйте их за диктором.
THE ABC
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg
[eI] [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [ef] [dZi:]
Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll MmNnOo Pp
[eIC] [aI] [dZeI] [keI] [el] [em] [en] [qV] [pi:]
Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww
[kju:] [R] [es] [ti:] [ju:] [vi:] [dAblju:]
Xx Yy Zz
[eks] [waI] [zed]
11
Чтение согласных
Классификация гласных
12
Чтение гласной буквы в английском языке зависит от ее
ударной или неударной позиции в слове и от типа слогов, кото-
рые бывают открытыми и закрытыми. Открытым называется
слог, оканчивающийся на гласную букву. Закрытым называет-
ся слог, оканчивающийся на согласную букву. Выделяют 4
основных типа ударного слога.
13
Заметьте, что двойные согласные читаются как один звук.
Примечание. Глухие согласные [р,t,k] произносятся с
придыханием в начале слов, если им не предшествует согласный s.
Сравните: till [tIl] – still [stIl].
14
Интонация и ритм английской речи
15
Таким образом, при чтении данного предложения после
слов businessmen и here можно сделать паузу.
Ритмикоинтонационное оформление предложения долж
но объединять входящие в него синтагмы в единый
интонационный рисунок.
UNIT 1 GREETINGS
Приветствие
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонги и долгие гласные
в I (открытом) типе ударного слога.
Краткие гласные во II (закрытом) типе
ударного слога.
Чтение буквосочетаний ck, ch, tch, sh,
ph, th и буквы “с”.
Гласная “y” в начале слов.
ГРАММАТИКА
Личные, притяжательные и
указательные местоимения.
Глагол to be.
Как спросить? Простое предложение. Общий вопрос.
Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые
существительные. Понятие об артикле.
Вы американка? Место прилагательного в предложении.
Как вас зовут? Предлоги from, in для выражения
падежных отношений.
См. Приложение, с. 237.
17
Выразите восхищение
тем, что собеседник
хорошо говорит
поанглийски.
Ответьте. Пожелайте гостю
удачного дня.
Выскажите ответное
Попрощайтесь. пожелание.
[t ] – [d ] [k ] – [g ]
sat — sad lock — log
set — said clock — clog
let — led dock — dog
site — side tack — tag
spent — spend pick — pig
19
5. При чтении данных слов следите за правильным
произношением буквосочетаний, содержащихся в таблице
задания № 4.
20
9. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
1.
A. Hello, I’m* Greg. А. Привет. Я Грег.
What’s your name? Как тебя зовут?
B. Elvis. B. Элвис.
A. Pleased to meet А. Рад
you. познакомиться.
Глагол to be
21
2.
A. Hi, Keith! А. Привет, Кейт!
B. Hi, David! B. Здравствуй,
Дейвид!
A. How are you? A.Как поживаешь?
B. Fine, thanks. B. Прекрасно,
And you? спасибо. А ты?
A. I’m O.K. A. У меня всё
в порядке.
Запомните!
and – а, и (союз)
this – этот (указат. местоимение)
that – тот (указат. местоимение)
Притяжательные местоимения
I my – мой, моя we our – наш
he his – его you your – ваш
she her – её they their – их
it its – его, её
(неодушевл.)
This is Mr. Smith.
3.
A. Good morning, A. Доброе утро,
Linda. Линда.
B. Morning, Tony. B. Доброе утро, Тоуни.
A. Linda, this is Mr. Smith. A. Линда, это гн Смит.
He’s British and he’s from Он британец и приехал
London. из Лондона.
B. Welcome to Moscow! B. Добро пожаловать в
Москву!
This is John and that is Linda.
4.
A. Good bye. A. До свидания.
B. Bye, John. B. До свидания, Джон.
See you soon. До скорой встречи.
A. Have a nice A. Удачного тебе дня!
day!
22
B. Thanks and B. Спасибо и тебе тоже.
the same to you.
23
15. Прочитайте следующий диалог
и воспроизведите его в лицах.
a bag a pen a pencil
24
money a cup a telephone
Исчисляемые существительные
Example: a friend [fre n d ] — друг
What’s this / that? а — неопределенный артикль;
Что это такое? его фонетический вариант an употреб
It’s a tie. Это галстук. ляется перед существительными,
Spell it, please. начинающимися с гласного:
Проговорите это an apple [qn x p l] — яблоко
по буквам.
Неисчисляемые существительные
“T” “i” “e”.
life — жизнь, time — время
25
18. Используя список прилагательных к заданию 17,
опишите предметы классного обихода по заданному образцу.
My Office
Hello. My name’s Steve. I’m British and I’m from
London. This is my office in Moscow. It’s a small room, but it’s
26
light. My friend Alex isn’t British, he’s Russian. His English is
very good. Alex is nice and polite.
Well, goodbye! Have a nice day!
21. Задания.
Test 1
27
1. тонкий карандаш __________________________________
2. тот приятный человек ______________________________
3. толстая тетрадь ____________________________________
4. эта пустая квартира ________________________________
5. хороший фильм ___________________________________
6. полная чашка _____________________________________
7. плохой кофе ______________________________________
8. холодная кокакола ________________________________
9. та большая карта __________________________________
10. старый друг ______________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
28
Word List (Unit 1)
A friend N thick
America from name thin
American full new this
apple New York tie
G nice
B good notebook V
bad very
bag H O
be happy office W
big he OK we
black hello old well
book her our what
boss hi
Britain his P Y
British hot pen you
but how pencil your
photo
C I polite
case in
coat it R
CocaCola its room
coffee Russia
cold L Russian
copy lamp
cup large S
light same
D London she
day Los Angeles small
spell
E M
empty man T
map tea
F meet telephone
fact money thanks
film morning that
fine Moscow their
flat my they
29
UNIT 2 PERSONAL INFORMATION
Анкетные данные
ФОНЕТИКА
Долгие гласные в III типе ударного слога.
Гласные в безударном положении перед r.
Сочетание kn в начале слов и чтение s в
конце слов.
Чтение x в зависимости от положения в
слове.
ГРАММАТИКА
Вопросы к именной части сказуемого
типа: What are these / those? What’s your
job? / address?
Множественное число существительных
Предлоги места on, near, at, under, below,
above и предлоги of, for для выражения
падежных отношений.
Вы Администратор
Поздоровайтесь и скажите,
что вы находитесь здесь
для участия в конференции. Спросите приезжего,
как его зовут.
Ответьте.
Попросите иностранца
произнести его фамилию
по буквам.
30
Выполните эту просьбу.
Задайте гостю вопросы о том,
откуда он приехал
(страна, город), уточните
его домашний адрес
и телефон.
Расскажите о себе.
Узнайте о его семейном
положении, возрасте
и профессии.
Ответьте администратору.
Отдайте гостю ключ от номера.
31
3. Повторяйте за диктором следующие слова. Помните, что
буква “k” в начале слов перед “n” не читается.
Чтение буквосочетания “kn”
kn [n] knap, knag, knack, knick, knit, knell, knob,
knot, knock, knave, knife, knout, knight,
knee, kneel, knead, knur, knop
32
7. В данном четверостишии старайтесь произносить звук
[w] энергично.
Remember!
a teacher – учитель
an accountant – бухгалтер
33
10. Поинтересуйтесь, чем занимается ваш собеседник.
Воспользуйтесь подсказками под моделью.
Example:
A. Are you a ,uni'versity student?
Cultural Notes
Remember!
where to / from – куда / откуда on business [bIznIs] – по делу
sorry [s P rI] – извините here [h Iq] – здесь
34
Dmitry Popov is in Atlanta.
Dmitry: Taxi!
Driver: Good morning, mister. Where to?
Dmitry: The Sheraton, please.
Driver: Which one? There are three Sheratons here* in
Atlanta.
Dmitry: Oh, sorry. The Sheraton Century [sen C qrI]
Center.**
Driver: OK. Are you here on business?
Dmitry: Yes, I am.
Driver: Where are you from?
Dmitry: Russia, St. Petersburg.
Driver: That’s a nice city. Well, here we are. This is the
Sheraton. That’s $ 7.80.
Dmitry: Thank you. Keep the change.***
* There are three Sheratons here. Здесь расположены три отеля “Шератон”.
** center – AmE for centre.
*** Keep the change. Сдачу оставьте себе.
Example:
Where’s the map?
It’s on the wall above the shelf.
35
bag desk photo Предлоги места
pencil textbook apple above
on
b) Опишите какой/нибудь предмет, at in near
перемещая его в классе. under
below
15. Посмотрите на
иллюстра/цию.
а) Спросите у партнера,
какими столовыми приборами
пользуются студенты.
Remember!
a man – men a tooth – teeth (зубы) a person – people
a woman – women a foot – feet (ноги) a child – children
[w im in] (дети)
36
Example: Определенный артикль “the”
указывает, что существительное
Where are the обозначает уже знакомый нам предмет.
knives? В таких случаях определенный артикль
They’re on the tables можно заменить указательным
near the plates. местоимением this/these.
Слова tables и plates употребляются в
конкретной ситуации, и собеседнику
понятно, о каких предметах идет речь.
16 Listening
а) Прослушайте и воспроизведите следующие диалоги.
Remember!
single [sINgl] – холостой a family [fxmIlI] – семья
1.
A. Frank! How nice to see you!
Are you married?
B. No, I’m single. Are you?
A. I’m married.
B. How is your family?
How old are the children?
What are their names?
A. Not so many questions at once.
My son is only two.
His name is Dary. We’re very well, thank you.
Remember! You`re welcome [welk qm] – пожалуйста
Cultural Note
В Великобритании телефонные номера произносятся
отдельно, с паузами между группами по 3 или 4 цифры в
отличие от других стран, где номера произносятся парами.
Когда первые две или последние две цифры номера одинаковы,
37
употребляется слово double. Количественные
2. числительные
A. What’s your address? 0 – zero 10 – ten
B. It’s 16, Mill Street.
1 – one 11 – eleven
A. What’s your fax / telephone 2 – two 12 – twelve
number?
3 – three 13 – thirteen
B. It’s 307 4922 (three, oh,
4 – four 14 – fourteen
seven, four, nine, double two).
A. Good. Thank you. 5 – five 15 – fifteen
B. You’re welcome. 6 – six 16 – sixteen
7 – seven 17 – seventeen
b) Вы встретили своего 8 – eight 18 – eighteen
зарубежного друга, с которым 9 – nine 19 – nineteen
была потеряна связь.
Разыграйте указанную ситуацию
в парах.
38
Узнайте, откуда приехал этот человек (страна и город), как его
зовут, кем он работает. Уточните его адрес и номер телефона.
1. Disneyland in Rome?
2. Champagne from France?
3. Ronald and Nancy Reagan teachers?
4. “Graham” a French name?
5. “Argentinian” a nationality?
6. Michael and Janet Jackson married to each other?
7. Pete Sampras a tennis player?
39
At the Conference*
На конференции
Lena and Victor are from Minsk. They’re in New York for the
conference.
Victor: Hello. Are you here for the conference?
Clyde: Yes, we are. Are you?
Victor: Yes, I am. My wife and I are journalists.
Clyde: That’s nice. I’m Clyde Jones and this is Jim Blake.
Jim: Pleased to meet you.
Victor: Lena! Come and meet these people. Lena, this is Mr.
Jones, a businessman. Meet his friend, Mr. Blake.
He’s an economist.
Lena: How do you do!**
Jim: How do you do!
Clyde: That’s great, Jim. "How do you do." You British are
very polite.
* Предлог “at” с названиями организаций и зданий передает идею
деятельности: at a party / meeting / concert / match. Сравните: She’s in a shop. He’s
at the London School of Economics.
** How do you do! Этим приветствием обмениваются при официальном
знакомстве.
22. Задания
40
Section IV CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
ПРОВЕРЬТЕ СВОИ ЗНАНИЯ
Test 2
1. Вместо точек вставьте указательные местоимения this
или these.
Example: this desk these maps
1 ____ engineer 3 ____ children 5 ____ plates
2 ____ men 4 ____ foot 6 ____ centres
41
7. Those teachers ____ English are married to each other.
8. Roy is a student ____ Oxford.
42
Word List (Unit 2)
A F O U
accountant family on university
actor fax on business
address feet W
at once foot P watch
for park
B fork people
bank person
banker G pizza
be married Germany place
businessman goodlooking plate
box great
group R
C reporter
cake H
capital half S
centre here secret
child hot dog see
children hotel seminar
city shelf
come J sorry
conference job spoon
journalist student
D surname
dentist K
designer knife T
doctor taxi
M teacher
E manager teeth
economist these
engineer N those
nationality tooth
near town
now
number
43
UNIT 3 INVITE YOUR FRIENDS
Пригласите друзей
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “o” в различных сочетаниях.
Согласные “g” и “j”.
Буквосочетания ng, nk.
ГРАММАТИКА
Разделительный вопрос.
Утвердительная форма
повелительного наклонения.
Предлоги about, with для выражения
падежных отношений.
44
Предложите взглянуть на карту
Лондона и найти на ней
Выскажите идею о том, это место. Затем попросите
чтобы куратор группы коллегу рассказать вам
рассказал вам о них. об актерах этого театра.
Согласитесь.
45
ng [N] В конце слов: sing, Peking, thing, evening,
strong, meaning
ng [Ng] В середине cлов: single, jungle, England,
Englishman, angle
nk [Nk] frank, drink, thank, pink, Helsinki
Age, gage, wage, change, lodge, huge, college, jug, just, jazz,
jelly, jungle, jacket, enjoy, gist, ginger, Geneva, logic, algebra,
origin.
46
7. Произнесите следующие английские слова и переведите
их на русский язык.
Rose, partner, camera, home, album, passport, budget, image,
agent, homework, radio, justice, English, Helsinki, visit, inter-
est, friendly, work, Browning, top, class, country, footballer, cin-
ema, theatre, museum, text.
47
Example: Kurt Bauer’s American, isn’t he?
No, he isn’t.
He isn’t German, is he?
Yes, he is.
Remember!
today [tq d eI] – сегодня
on time [PntaIm]
(прийти вовремя)
late [leIt] (опоздать)
to be present [prezqnt]
(присутствовать)
absent [xbsqnt]
(отсутствовать)
ill [Il] (болеть)
ready [redI] (быть готовым)
AT AN ENGLISH CLASS
Teacher: Ralph is ______ today, isn’t he?
Students: No, he isn’t. He’s absent.
Marcello: Hello. I’m _______, aren’t I?
Teacher: No, you aren’t. You’re on time. And how is
Alice? She’s ______ today, isn’t she?
Students: No, she isn’t late. She’s ill.
Teacher: Oh, no…
David: Hello. I’m not ______ today, am I?
Teacher: But you are. Here’s a chair for you. Are we
_____ to start our class now?
48
Set 2 Commands and Suggestions
Распоряжения и предложения
At Cambridge
49
13. Pairwork
Вы просите собеседника рассказать вам об известных
личностях. Он советует обратиться к кому/нибудь другому.
Личные
Remember! to tell* [tel] – рассказать местоимения:
to ask [a:sk] – спросить Subject Object
* Глаголы “ask”, “tell”, “give”, “show” требуют I me
два дополнения. he him
Сравните: Show me the film = Show the film to me.
she her
we us
Example: they them
Tell me about Barbara Streisand. you you
Ask Tom about her. it it
50
Example:
Let him take a taxi. Пусть он возьмет такси.
take a bus go home take Mary home
read a book read the text do homework
phone the office look at the map
Remember!
let us (let’s) [lets] – давай(те)
to have dinner [hxvdInq] – обедать
tonight [tqnaIt] – сегодня вечером
to have a drink [drINk] – выпить
Example:
Let’s have dinner tonight.
Давайте вечером вместе пообедаем.
17. Listening.
Cultural Note
Odeon [qVdIqn] название кинотеатра, а также компании,
владеющей кинотеатрами во многих городах
Великобритании.
51
1.
A. Let’s go to the cinema.
B. Yes, O.K. What’s on?
A. The new James Bond film.
B. Where’s it on?
A. At the Odeon.
2.
A. Let’s go to the cinema. Where’s it on?
B. _____________________________ Yes, O.K.
A. How about going to the theatre then? What’s on?
B. ____________________________ Great!
A. An Agatha Christie play. I’m sorry
B. ____________________________ but I don’t like
A. At the Theatre Royal. (я не люблю)
B. ____________________________ films.
52
Продолжайте работу по цепочке с опорой на подсказки.
For her: For him:
bag / album briefcase / watch
album / roses watch / camera
flowers / perfume camera / aftershave
Remember!
a letter [letq] – письмо
a pen friend [penfrend] – друг по переписке
different [dIfrqnt] – разные
to have – иметь
easy [i:zI] – легко, лёгкий
to understand [, Andqstxnd ] – понимать
interesting [IntrqstIN] – интересный
53
Julia is an Italian student of English at a school in London.
Read her letter to David, her American pen friend.
How are you? Let me tell you about my life in London. I’m here
at an English school. I’m in class 3 with five students. They’re
from different places – Germany, Russia, Japan and Italy.
Our English teacher is very good. His name is Peter Briscall.
Look at my new address at the top of the letter. I’m with an
English family, the Browns. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have three
children. Thomas is fourteen, Catherine is twelve, and Andrew
is seven. They are friendly, but it isn’t easy to understand
them.
London is big and interesting. Hyde Park, Green Park and
St. James’ Park are in the centre.
Love,
Julia
54
c) Составьте план текста.
Используя этот план, подготовьте звуковое письмо своему
зарубежному другу. Расскажите о начале занятий, опишите
свои впечатления о Москве.
Test 3
55
6. Is this an English stamp? How interesting! Show ____ to
me, please.
7. Where are the new students? Tell ____ to come.
8. Your Italian albums are nice. Give ____ to ____ , please.
Dear Jacky,
Here I am in New York, and I’m quite ______ about it. Our
hotel is ______ , but the food is ______ .
Life is ______ here. The subway isn’t ______ to use. Taxis are
also ______ to see, with ______ TAXI signs on them.
Write soon. Send me Robert’s ______ address, please.
Love,
Bob
56
3. – Дети в их семье очень приветливы, правда? – Верно,
посмотри на их счастливые лица.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Курт учится в Лондонской лингвистической школе. –
Его друзья англичане, не так ли? – Нет, они все приехали из
разных мест.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Пусть Рональд возьмёт фотоаппарат и покажет нам
город.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Английский язык не очень сложный, но понимать
англичан нелегко.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. – Алиса не замужем, правда ведь? – Замужем, и это не
тайна.
_________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
57
Word List (Unit 3)
A H P U
absent have Paris umbrella
album have dinner partner understand
ask have a drink passport us
Helsinki pen friend
B him play V
be on home present visit
Belorussia, n homework put
bicycle W
birthday I R Washington
ill radio
C interest read
camera interesting ready
cinema Italian Rome
class Italy
S
D J school
different Japan, ese show
Spain
E L Spanish
English late speak
let St. Petersburg
F letter stamp
Finland look (at) stand up
Finnish
flower M T
France Madrid take
French museum tell
friendly text
O theatre
G on time them
give then
glasses today
go (home) Tokyo
tonight
top
58
UNIT 4 FAMILY CIRCLE
Семейный круг
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение согласной “r”
на стыке слов перед гласной.
Гласная “о” перед m, n, v, th.
Чтение гласной “а”
перед th/f/n/s + согласная.
ГРАММАТИКА
Глагол have (got).
Неопределенные местоимения
all, some, any, no.
Альтернативный вопрос.
Притяжательный падеж имен
существительных.
59
Ответьте и дайте описание
внешности по фото.
Предложите встретиться
в вашем доме.
Выразите согласие.
60
4. Прочитайте данные предложения и обратите внимание
на интонацию.
61
Philip = Liz
Robert
Look at this family tree.
Philip and Liz are married.
Susan, Charles and Carrie are
their children.
Philip and Liz are the children’s
father and mother.
They are their parents.
Examples:
Philip is Liz’s husband.
Charles is Philip and Liz’s son.
Amanda Nick
62
Remember!
a cousin [kAzqn] кузен, кузина
Remember!
63
10. Расспросите собеседника о его семье и о семьях ваших
общих знакомых таким образом. *
Have / has (got)
I
Example:
you have got a family.
we
Have you got any brothers?
they
No, I haven’t. / Yes, I have.
* В британском варианте английского языка
he has got no children.
для разговорной речи характерна форма she
“have got”.
1. sisters 4. children
2. cousins 5. sons
3. grandparents 6. daughters
Remember!
a factory worker [fxktqrIwE:kq] – рабочий завода
terrible [terIbl] – ужасный
a house [haVs] – дом
a swimming pool [swImIN pu:l] – бассейн
Note!
everything – всё
anything – ничего (в отрицательных предложениях)
to be broke – быть на мели, без денег
64
a) Listen and ask the same questions* about all of these peo-
ple.
* ask the same questions – задавать те же самые (одинаковые) вопросы.
c) On your own*.
* Самостоятельно
65
Set 2 How People Look
Описание внешности
66
16. Прочтите данную характеристику.
а) Определите, кому из людей на снимках она принадлежит.
He / She is 19.
____________ is goodlooking, slim and has a fine figure.
____________ has straight hair and brown eyes.
____________ has no glasses.
____________ is very nice and intelligent.
67
Section III READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Cultural Note.
Putney [p A tn I] is a suburb of London. It is about six miles
from the centre of the city.
A Big Problem
Mrs. Bell is a widow. She has three children – two boys and a
girl. Roy is fourteen years old. He is at a grammar school. Her
elder son, Simon, is twentynine (29). He is an engineer at a large
computer company and he is now in Ottawa on business. Mrs.
Bell’s daughter, Alice, is nineteen. She is at a law college in
England.
The Bell family have a house in Putney with a beautiful gar-
den. But the house is too large for them. They have two empty
rooms at the top of the house.
Mrs. Bell has a parttime job at the local public library. The
work is interesting, but the pay is not very good. So the big pro-
blem in the lives of the Bell family at the moment is money and
they are ready to let one of the two empty rooms.
20. Tasks.
68
b) Ask and answer.
Test 4
1. Закончите предложения либо с помощью ’s, либо of.
69
2. Используя слова в скобках, составьте вопросы
с глаголом have.
70
3. Москва – старый город. В нем есть парки, красивые улицы и
магазины.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. У мужа вашей сестры кудрявые или прямые волосы?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – У них есть дети? – Да, маленькая дочь. Она очень спокойная.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Мой друг высокого роста, хорош собой, у него прямой нос
(nose) и карие глаза.
____________________________________________________
7. – У Браунов большой дом в пригороде, не так ли? – Да и это
для них проблема.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
71
Word List (Unit 4)
A F P
all factory worker parents
any figure pay
at the moment pretty
aunt G problem
girl
B grey S
beautiful grammar sad
blond(e) grandma short
blue grandpa sister
both grandparents slim
boy some
brown H son
brother hair special
heavy straight
C house suburb
cat
chance I T
cigarette intelligent tall
college tree
computer L
cousin law U
curly uncle
M
D middleaged V
dark ministry video
daughter most
dictionary W
document N wellbuilt
dog nephew
niece Y
E none young
eye
elderly
72
UNIT 5 WHY I LOVE THIS CITY
За что я люблю этот город
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонги в IV типе ударного слога
Чтение буквосочетания ch [k]
ГРАММАТИКА
Конструкция there is / are
Наречия a lot of, many, few, a few
Количественные числительные
от 20
Предлоги места next to, between,
opposite, behind, in front of
Специальные вопросы типа:
How many?
73
о микрорайоне. Объясните, что напротив
дома есть аптека и
универсам. За универсамом
находится почта, а между
ними – прачечная.
Выразите удовлетворение.
Поскольку вы являетесь
владельцем автомобиля,
поинтересуйтесь, есть Ответьте, что автостоянка
ли стоянка возле дома. расположена перед
спортивным клубом.
Предложите собеседнику
приехать и осмотреть
Согласитесь. квартиру и микрорайон.
Выразите надежду
на скорую встречу.
74
2. Произнесите слова, указанные в таблице, и дайте их
русские эквиваленты. Какому звуку в русском языке
соответствует сочетание ch?
Чтение буквосочетания ch
[k ] chorus, chrome, cholera, chronicle, scheme, chemist,
chemistry, chemical, mechanic, technical, character,
technology, epoch, Christ [aI], Christmas, Christian
75
Section II FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
LONDON London
ROME 1,445 Rome
CAIRO 3,159 2,138 Cairo
MOSCOW 2,494 2,378 2,880 Moscow
MEXICO CITY 9,178 10,623 2,440 10,782 Mexico City
SYDNEY 17,002 16,333 14,799 15,168 14,582 Sydney
76
2 ... from Cairo to London? 7 ... from Cairo to Rome?
3 ... from Rome to Moscow? 8 ... from London to Sydney?
4 ... from Mexico City to Sydney? 9 ... from Rome to Mexico City?
5 ... from Sydney to Cairo? 10 ... from Moscow to Sydney?
6 ... from London to Rome? 11 ... from Sydney to Rome?
Оборот there is / are
6. Прочтите следующую
имеет значение находится,
информацию и скажите, чем
имеется, существует.
примечательны указанные города, Перевод на русский язык
по мнению их жителей. предложений c данной
конструкцией начинается с
Remember! обстоятельства места:
a home town – родной город There’s a letter in the post-
a river – река box.
a sea – море В почтовом ящике лежит
also – также письмо.
Questions.
1. Where is Liverpool?
2. What places of interest are there in Liverpool?
There is ___________________
There are __________________
Наречия a lot, many, a few, few
с исчисл. cуществительными
Remember!
(+) many
a lot of – много cities
a bridge [b rid] – мост (±) a few – немного, towns
famous [feImqs] – знаменитый несколько people
a pub [pAb] – закусочная, бар houses
cars
a writer [raItq] – писатель () few – мало
77
Cultural Note
James Joyce (1882–1941) – ирландский
писатель, прославившийся созданием новых
слов в языке и тем самым оказавший влияние
на развитие литературного стиля английских
романов.
Questions.
Remember!
a police [pqli:s] station [steISqn] – полицейский участок
a post [pqVst] office – почта a carpet [ka:pIt] – ковер
a mile [maIl] – миля like – как (предлог)
a queen [kwi:n] – королева
78
two post offices, a hospital, a bar, two sports clubs, a disco, a cin-
ema, and a swimming pool. There are 600 rooms, three miles of red
carpet, 300 clocks and 700 people working in the Palace.
Buckingham Palace
Questions.
1. What places of interest are there in the capital of Great Britain?
2. What famous addresses are there in London?
3. Where is the Prime Minister’s residence?
4. Is there a lot to see in Buckingham Palace?
5. How many post offices / sports clubs / rooms / bars / clocks are
there in Buckingham Palace?
6. Why is the Palace famous ?
79
chemists big hotels pizza bars flower shops
hospitals post offices laundries petrol stations
10. Tell your friends about your home town. Use the key words
below.
– Hello!
– Hello! My name’s Brown. You’re Mrs.
Florin, aren’t you?
– Yes, I am.
– You have an apartment for rent, …?
80
– That’s right. You’re 25 years old, …?
– Yes, I am.
– And you’re not married, ... ?
– No, I’m single.
– And you have a good job in our neighbourhood, ... ?
– Right.
– And you haven’t got a car, ... ?
– No, I haven’t, Mrs. Florin. Well, there isn’t any noise in your
neighbourhood, ... ?
– In fact, it’s a quiet place.
– There’re a lot of shops and pubs there, ... ?
– Yes, there are.
– So, it’s a very nice place to live, ... ?
– Absolutely.
– Thank you, Mrs. Florin. See you tomorrow.
– Goodbye, Mr. Brown.
81
Library University Book Shop
North
Laundry Supermarket Pizza Bar
Police Street Cafe Cinema
Video Hotel Wine
Station Shop Bar
Bus stop
Example:
Excuse me, where is the flower shop?
opposite the cinema.
It’s in front of the hospital.
between the bank and the restaurant.
e) Расскажите о своем микрорайоне.
82
13. Listening “Marchmain Castle [ksl]” (Замок Марчмейн).
Marchmain Castle
open to the public
Saturdays / Sundays 10. 00 5.30
Admission: adults: £ 350; children: £ 200
Cultural Note
Many castles in Great Britain are of historical interest. These
country houses have fine works of art and are open to the public to
help owners pay for them.
83
d) On your own
Text A
English Homes
This is what Jim Blake says about a typical English house.
“Many English families have got flats, but some people have
got their own houses with a garden. There are two floors in a typi-
cal English house: the ground floor and the first floor.
There is a large hall with a fireplace on the ground floor. Also
on the ground floor there is a dining room, a study and a kitchen.
The study is a small room with bookshelves on the walls.
There are two bedrooms and a bathroom on the first floor of an
English house. It’s a beautiful place at any time of the year. There
is no place like home!”
84
15. Tasks
85
3. ..................................... on the wall near the door.
4. ...................................... below the window.
5. .................................................. above the shelves.
6. .................................................. below the clock.
16. Roleplay
You have a visitor in the house. Show him / her your flat.
86
Text B
17. Прочтите рекламу известного
отеля из американского журнала.
Note!
central heating – центральное отопление
a car park – автостоянка
Interviewer:
Tell our readers about your hotel room in “The Jefferson”,
please.
Julio Moretti:
I have a bed with a sofa in my
room. Then, there’s a fax machine
and a large working desk. Well, we’re
here on business and we’re pleased
with our hotel rooms. They’re com-
fortable for rest and work.
18. Tasks
a) Questions.
1. What city is “The Jefferson” in?
2. Is the hotel modern or classic in style?
87
3. Is it small or large?
4. How many rooms does it have?
5. Why is “The Jefferson” popular with the visitors to the capital?
c) On your own.
Test 5
1. Заполните пропуски подходящими наречиями:
88
4. The cinema is almost (почти) empty today. They have
_________ visitors.
5. There are __________ elderly people in our neighbourhood.
6. It’s nice to have lunch in a cafe´ with __________ friends.
7. The TV service isn’t very good. There are ___________ inter
esting programmes.
89
4. Я в этом микрорайоне впервые. Отсюда идет какойнибудь
автобус?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
5. – Сколько страниц в словаре?
– 1528.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
6. На доске список имен. Твое имя тоже есть в списке?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
7. – Где находится аптека?
– Между банком и почтой.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
A C fifty
above caf floor
also Cairo forty
apartment carpet
a lot (of) chemist’s G
club ground
B cooker
bar court H
bathroom home town
bedroom E hospital
behind east hundred
below eight
between elegant I
bridge in the corner
Buckingham Palace F
famous
90
in front (of) P T
in the middle (of) petrol station tennis
police station thirty
K post office thousand
kilometre practise twenty
pub typical
L
laundry Q W
library queen west
Liverpool writer
living room R
restaurant Y
M river year
machine
many S
Mersey sea
Mexico City service
mile seventy
sink
N sixty
neighbourhood south
next to sport
night stereo
ninety Sydney
north
O
opposite
own
91
UNIT 6 A LETTER FROM GOLDEN BEACH
Письмо с Золотого пляжа
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “w”
ГРАММАТИКА
The Present Continuous Tense.
Специальные вопросы типа:
What is / are …like?
Порядковые числительные.
Предлоги времени: at, on, in.
92
есть очень красивые
места.
Попросите своего британского
коллегу показать вам открытки
городов. Вежливо откажитесь.
Объясните, что у вас
сейчас нет времени.
Предложите встретиться
во вторник в 5 часов
вечера.
Согласитесь и попрощайтесь
до вторника.
93
Чтение “o” в различных сочетаниях
or [L] Ford, corner, record, boring, force, perform
our [L] pour, your, court, four, course, resource
ough [L] ought, bought, nought, sought, thought
ore [L] ore, more, shore, before, foreman
oar [L] oar, roar, coarse, board, blackboard
94
Section II FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Example:
Are you having an English class?
No, we’re not having a class.
We’re eating pizza at the moment.
95
7. Listening.
Remember!
to read a newspaper – читать газету
to study – учить(ся), изучать
Jack is
in his study.
in the dancing club.
at his Spanish class.
in a restaurant.
in the library.
at the post office.
96
Предлоги направления
A. What are you doing, Bob? Into
B. I’m going to the door. From
A. Jenny, what’s Bob doing?
C. He’s going to the door. Out of
to
Go to the door, please.
Stand at the door, please.
Come up to the blackboard, please.
Go to the desk, please.
Take a key out of your briefcase, please.
Put it on the notebook, please.
Put it on the desk, please.
Take it from him, please.
Take it from the desk, please.
Put it into the briefcase, please.
Take a pen from the desk, please.
Give it to your friend, please.
bank dentist
club library
theatre post office
laundry university
Example:
Why are you running?
Because I’m late.
97
run / late go to the doctor / sick
cry / upset go to the dentist / have problems with my teeth
smile / happy
go to bed / tired
A. Hello, Carol.
It’s Jack here. Are you busy?
B. Well, yes.
I’m just reading a newspaper.
A. Oh, sorry!
98
Set 2 Dates and Arrangements
Даты и договорённости
Sunday(s)
on Monday evening
25 April / 6 June*
* Даты читаются таким образом: September 1, 1999 = the first of September,
nineteen ninety nine
99
a) Узнайте, свободен ли ваш коллега в назначенный день.
Example:
100
Questions.
1. James and Richard are pen friends, aren’t they?
2. Is this their first meeting?
3. Has James got Richard’s photo?
4. Has Richard got James’ photo?
5. When and where is James meeting his pen friend?
101
It’s sunny. It’s cloudy. It’s raining. It’s snowing.
18. Practise saying the months and the seasons of the year.
Example:
When is the best time to visit London?
The best time to visit London is in ______.
Temperature charts
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
London 4 5 7 9 12 16 18 17 15 11 8 5
Rome 8 9 11 14 18 22 25 25 22 17 13 10
Lisbon 11 12 14 16 17 20 22 23 21 18 14 12
Singapore
26 27 28 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 27
Rio de
Janeiro 26 26 25 24 22 21 21 21 21 22 23 25
102
In Your Country
Tell your partner about the weather in Russia at the beginning
and at the end of each season.
When is the best time to visit Moscow?
Dear Mother,
Clyde and I are on holiday here with the children. To tell the
truth, we’ve got a few problems. The weather is terrible. It’s
cold and cloudy. It’s raining.
The restaurants here are expensive and the food isn’t very
good. All the other hotels are beautiful and new. But our hotel
is ugly and very old.
But we’re happy to be on holiday and we’re happy to be together.
Love,
Susan
103
Questions.
22. Listening.
104
A. No, it isn’t. It’s ______.
B. Is it ______?
A. No, it isn’t. It’s ______.
B. Are you having a good time?
A. No, I’m not. I’m having a terrible time. The weather is
terrible here.
B. I’m sorry to hear that.
Text A
23 Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и ответьте на следующий
во(прос.
What are David and his friends doing?
A Letter Home
105
village in North Wales with a park, a castle, some lovely gar-
dens and a little fishing port.
People are very friendly here. We’re lucky. This is our second
holiday this year and we’re doing what we want to do: sleep-
ing, eating and playing games. The food is good, too a lot of
fresh fish.
Love,
David
24. Tasks
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Questions.
This is a place of
– romantic old castles; – the 400 years old university;
– famous restaurants, cinemas, – lovely gardens and parks;
pizza bars; – fishing industry.
106
e) Чего не достаёт в верхней части письма? Какой, по
вашему мнению, должна быть шапка? Предложите свой
вариант.
f) Вы находитесь на каникулах. В письме британскому другу
опишите свои впечатления от летнего отдыха.
Text B
Scotland
Scotland is a part of Great Britain. This is true, but also it is a
separate nation. It has its own capital city, Edinburgh, its own
laws and its own stamps. It even has its own language, Gaelic.
Glasgow is the second big city in Scotland. Edinburgh, Glasgow
and Aberdeen are home to about five million Scots. This is where
most of the jobs are located.
The Highlands of Scotland is an empty land with few people,
few trees and lots of wild animals. The original Highlanders are
not only farmers. There are fishermen in this wild area, too.
107
26. Tasks
a) Check if these are true or false.
– Scotland is a part of England.
– The capital of Scotland is London.
– The Scots have their own language, Gaelic.
– There are only four million Scots.
– The Highlands is home to many people.
– It’s a busy area, with lots of cars and houses.
27. Roleplay the game on page 92. Use the word “tourism”
(туризм).
Test 6
1. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги in / on / at.
Example: on 6 June
at 9 o’clock
108
2. Заполните пропуски предлогами.
5. (you) _____________________________________________?
6. (those children) ____________________________________?
7. (the man on the bicycle) ______________________________?
8. (the girl with long hair) ______________________________?
109
5. ______ (to call) the engineer, please. The computer
________ (not to work).
6. “Where they ________ (to go)?” “To the university.”
“What they ________ (to talk about)?” “About summer
holidays.”
110
Word List (Unit 6)
A F M
August fantastic March
at the beginning February May
at the end fifth Miami
autumn first million
Florence Monday
B food month
beach fourth
best free N
Boston Friday nation
national
C G newspaper
Chicago go to work/school next
cloudy Great Britain ninth
cold November
cook H
cool have a class/a good time O
cry hear October
on holiday
D I operate
dayoff I’m afraid ordinary
December into other
do out of
J
E January R
eighth June rain
expensive July read
run
L
last
listen (to)
lovely
111
S U
Saturday ugly
Scot
Scotland V
second volleyball
September
seventh W
sit Wales
six walkman
sixth want
smile warm
snow Wednesday
spring week
study winter
summer write
Sunday
sunny
swim
T
talk
terrible
third
Thursday
together
Tuesday
UNIT 7 A TYPICAL DAY
Обычный день
ФОНЕТИКА
Чтение “qu” в сочетании с a/
ar.
Гласный [e].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Абсолютная форма притяQ
жательных местоимений.
The Present Simple Tense.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How often…?
What colour/make/size…?
Именные придаточные
предложения.
Как сказать? Мой рабочий день начинается….
113
Уточните, что у вас есть
водительские права. Разъясните, что для поездок
Удивитесь вопросу. по городу нужен ктото, кто
мог бы управлять микроавто
бусом.
Спросите, когда начинается
рабочий день и когда
заканчивается. С 9 утра до 4 часов дня.
114
2. При чтении данных слов обратите внимание на то, как
передаётся звук [e] в различных условиях.
Гласный [e]. Повторение и обобщение
“e” в закрытом cлоге get, edge, every, cherry, egg, end,
impress, connect, except, suggest
“ea” перед d/l/t/th head, bread, steady, al`ready,
instead, death, threat, jealous,
[e] leather
перед другими deaf, heavy, pleasant, meant,
согласными weapon, breakfast, treachery, realm
редкие сочетания any, many, ate, says, Thames, said,
friend, bury, threepence
115
phrase, instinct, progress, champagne, personal, electrical, inter-
view, tele ,vision, piano, pianist, rock and roll.
Example:
Whose is this letter? Is it yours? Абсолютная форма
Yes, it’s mine / ours. притяжательных
No, it’s his / Greg’s / hers / местоимений
Alma’s / theirs. my key – it's mine
our key – it's ours
your key – it's yours
his key – it's his
keyring pen map her key – it's hers
watch postcard money their key – it's theirs
purse comb tennis racket
116
Example:
There are four umbrellas here.
Which is yours?
Mine is the pink one.*
* Местоимение “one” не употребляется после абсолют-
ной формы притяжательных местоимений, а также
после существительных в притяжательном падеже.
Сравните:
1. Take my camera. Where is yours?
2. Whose car is this? It’s Philip’s.
Remember!
a suit [s(j)u:t] – костюм a shirt [SE:t] – рубашка
trousers [traVzqz] – брюки shoes [Su:z] – туфли
a boot [bu:t] – сапог a sweater [swetq] – свитер
117
Example:
What make is your car?
It’s an Opel / Volvo / Pontiac.
12. You’re visiting a shoe shop. Read and practise this dia-
logue.
118
Set 2 Talking about Habits and Daily Routines
Беседа о привычках и повседневных занятиях
119
14 Выскажите мнения, альтернативные данным
утверждениям, при помощи "don’t / doesn’t".
Present Simple
Remember! ()
to play the piano [pIxnqV] – играть I
на фортепиано We don't smoke.
You
to watch television [telI, vIZqn] (TV) –
They
смотреть телевизор He
to like – любить, нравиться She doesn't smoke.
It
Yes! No!
My grandfather drinks tea. He doesn’t drink coffee.
Tommy and Alison play baseball. They _________ the piano.
On Sunday our family goes to the park. We __________ to work.
Mr. and Mrs. Johnson read They ________ books.
the newspaper. They _________ like
Their children watch TV. homework.
Расскажите о себе.
Yes! No!
I study_________. I don’t study_________.
I go to _________. I don’t go to__________.
I wear__________.I don’t wear__________.
I drink_________. I don’drink___________.
I eat___________. I don’t eat____________.
120
Example: What do you do after classes?
I often play the piano.
I:
always __________________ television.
never ____________________ to a cafe´.
sometimes ______________ to the radio.
usually _____________________ books.
often ______________ computer games.
never ______________________ letters.
Example:
Do you ever run to work?
Yes, often. / No, never./ Yes, but very seldom.
121
17. Cпросите, как часто ваш собеседник проводит время
вне дома и как он одевается в том или ином случае.
once [w An s] a week.
About twice a month.
three times a year.
122
19. Open dialogue.
Read and practise the following* conversation. Use the words
above.
* the following – следующий
Phil and his friends are busy this afternoon. They’re staying
after class, and they’re practising different things.
Phil is practising tennis. His tennis coach tells him he’s an
excellent tennis player. He wants to be a professional player.
That’s why he practises every day.
Example:
Oliver wants to write for a newspaper, doesn’t he?
Right. He wants to be a professional journalist.
123
Set 3 It’s time for work
Пора работать
124
16.30 finish work and go to the gym
17.45 come back home
18.10 go out for a beer
19.50 watch television
23.00 go to bed
Example:
Alex says* (that) he goes to the library after classes.
* Обратите внимание на разницу в употреблении глаголов “say” и “tell” в
значении говорить, сказать;
Rosa says she wants a new coat.
Rosa tells me she wants a new coat.
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
WANTED (Требуется)
Young person wanted for summer work
in Student Services office at language school in
York. Phone Keith on (01904) 2 28513
Roy is phoning Keith about the job in the newspaper.
125
a salary – зарплата
quite important – довольно важный
to go on a trip – отправиться в поездку
126
Daily routines around the world
In Your Culture
Ask your partner about the same things in Russia.
Say which statements (утверждения) are true for Russia.
Text A
25 Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочтите текст про себя и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
127
My Working Day
26. Tasks.
a) Answer the question before the text.
b) Ask your partner about Sylvie’s everyday routine.
128
c) On your own.
Speak about your daily routine.
Text B
27. Прочитайте текст бегло про себя и найдите в нём ответы
на поставленные после текста вопросы.
Note!
to look after sb – ухаживать за кемл.
Royal – королевский
to prepare [prIpeq] – подготовить (заранее)
to feed – кормить
to sleep – спать
a consultation – консультация
to come back – вернуться
129
28. Tasks.
a) Answer these questions.
What does Queen Elizabeth do in the morning? / in the after-
noon? / in the evening?
c) Do you remember?
– How many people look after the Queen?
– How many dogs are there in the Palace?
– What kinds of people does the Queen meet?
– Does she often phone any of the Royal Family?
130
In Your Country
29. Roleplay.
You’re a famous person (a sports-
man / an actor / a TV presenter / a jour-
nalist etc.).
a) Interview each other about your
routines.
b) Tell the class about a day in your
life. The other students are trying to
guess your profession.
Test 7
1. Сделайте правильный выбор из двух подчёркнутых слов.
Example: “Is this her / hers car?” “No, her / hers is white.”
“Is this her car?” “No, hers is white.”
131
2. Задайте правильно вопрос. Начните с вопросительных
слов What…? Whose…? How…?
132
5. Вставьте пропущенные глаголы “say” или “tell”.
133
4. – На фотографии твоя сестра в красивом платье. Она носит
его на работу?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – Как часто вы оставляете ребёнка у родителей? – На каждый
выходной.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. – Он сейчас у врача? – Нет, он находится в больнице.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. – В нашем кинотеатре сегодня новый фильм. – Вы часто
проводите время вне дома? – Раз в неделю.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
134
Word List (Unit 7)
A I
after interview
always
anatomy J
another jacket
Arabic jeans
B L
before lady
billiards like
boots look for
C M
champagne medical
music
D N
disco never
dress news
E newspaper
exercise
O
F
often
favourite
orange
P
G personal
get (to) phrase
get up piano
get out pianist
golf pink
green prince
gym
H
have a shower
135
Q T
quarter television
Thames
R T shirt
red trousers
relax try on
rest twice a week
S U
shirt usually
shoes
shorts W
size walk
smoke watch TV
sometimes wear
start white
striped
suit Y
sweater yellow
yoga
UNIT 8 WHERE WOULD YOU
LIKE TO EAT?
Где вы хотите поесть?
ФОНЕТИКА
Дифтонг [q V ].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Оборот “would like (to do sth)”
для выражения предпочтений.
Наречия much, little, a little.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How much…?
Отрицательная форма повелитель,
ного наклонения.
139
“I'd like (would like) to do sth”
употребляется для выражения
предпочтений:
“Would you like some tea now?”
(Do you want some tea?)
“Yes, I would. / No, thank you.”
Сравните данный оборот с
глаголом “to like” –
нравиться: “Do you like tea?”
(Do you think tea is nice?)
“Yes, I do.”
Covent Garden
Cultural Note
Covent [kPvqnt] Garden is an area of London once (когда'то)
famous for its fruit and vegetable market. Now there are expen-
sive but popular shops and eating places there.
5. Listening.
а) Listen and practise this dialogue.
Remember!
an* ice'cream [aIsk ri:m] – мороженое
fruit [fru:t] – фрукты
a piece [pi:s] – кусок
* Здесь неопределённый артикль перед неисчисляемым существительным
означает одну порцию. Сравните: a beer, two omelet(te)s, four salads.
140
A. Please, come in.
B. Thank you.
A. Please, sit down. Would you like a cup of tea?
B. Yes, please.
A. How about a piece of cake?
B. No, thanks. I’m on a diet.
7. Listening.
141
A. Would you like to come to a party?
B. Well, I’d like to…but when is it?
A. On Saturday evening.
B. What a pity. I’m busy on Saturday.
A. What are you doing?
B. I’m working on the computer.
A. Really? Another time perhaps?
B. Yes, thanks anyway.
142
Milk, chewing gum, chocolate, sugar, salt, beer, сheese, cola.
A SHOPPING LIST
Исчисляемые Неисчисляемые
существительные существительные
a carton milk
a packet of chewing gum
a can beer
a piece cheese
a kilo sugar / salt
a bottle cola
a bar chocolate
b) Buy some products from your shopping list. Work with a part-
ner.
Example:
Would you like some* mineral water?
Yes, please. I’d like a bottle of water.
* В вопросах, выражающих вежливую форму, употребляется неопределен-
ное местоимение “some”.
143
10. You’re in the Sherlock Holmes Pub in Baker Street.
Cultural Note
Pubs are part of British life. Even very
small villages (деревни) have a pub. People,
mostly men, go to the pub for a drink in the
evening and at weekends. Pubs often sell
(продавать) food and drinks. Pubs have
names: “The Angel”, “The Black Swan”, “The
Crown”, “The King’s Arms”, “The Red Lion”.
Remember!
a roll [rqVl] – булочка
ham [hxm] – ветчина
chicken [tSIkIn] – курица
crisps [krIsps] – хрустящий картофель
a pot [pPt] – чайник с заваренным чаем (кофе)
a) Find some of the food on the menu and ask your partner
about the price.
Example:
How much is a chicken sandwich and a small cola?
3.40.**
** 3.40 = three pounds forty; 1 (one pound) = 100p (a hundred pence)
Menu
FOOD DRINKS
Sandwich Roll Salad
Ham…..... 2.10 2.00 3.15 Tea…….…… 1.40 a pot
Cheese..... 2.25 2.05 3.40
65p a cup
Chicken..... 2.50 2.30 3.50 Coffee……… 1.70 a pot
Soup o f t h e day……... 2.15
80p a cup
Biscuits……… 95p a packet Hot chocolate…..…. 1 30
Cakes…… 80p each chocolate/lemon/fruit Orange juice…….. 1.50 a
glass
Yogurt……… 85p natural / fruit Cola………… 1.20 a large glass
Crisps……… 75p a packet 90p a small glass
Mineral water………75p a bottle
144
b) Study the menu. Ask your partner
– about the dish of the day; – what he’d like to order / to eat.
Remember!
a dish [d iʃ] – еда, блюдо, кушанье
for the first / second course [k ɔ :s] – на первое / на второе
for dessert [d izE:t] – на десерт
e) Roleplay.
You’re at table in a restaurant. Today is your friend’s birthday.
Look at the menu above and ask him what he/she’d like to order.
Use the following words.
145
There are several banks in the high street.
AmE BrE
a bill __________________________
pants __________________________
potato __________________________
ships __________________________
a parking lot __________________________
a drugstore __________________________
fried potatoes __________________________
main street __________________________
146
c – at least five
cups a day
How often do you exercise? a – every day
b – sometimes
c – never
Do you eat fresh fruit and salads? a – every day
b – sometimes
c – rarely
How many hours do you sleep every
night? a – at least seven or eight
b – five or six
c – four or less
How often do you eat cakes? a – very often
b – sometimes
c – very rarely
When do you normally go to bed? a – at 10.30 p.m.
b – at midnight
c – after midnight
* less than – менее, чем
Задание 2.
147
13. How to keep fit? Как сохранить здоровье?
How often do you take exercise? Do you eat the right food?
How many sports do you do? What do you eat a lot of?
What don’t you eat?
Text A
148
Have a Break!
The busy time of the day for London’s cafe´s and pubs is from
twelve to two, when everything stops for lunch. Most people who
work in London get a break of about an hour for lunch. Lunch is
the midday meal. As some people live too far from work to go back
for lunch, thеу еat at any cafe´ or pub near their office.
Many people have a two'course lunch. This midday meal is
usually a three'course meal in winter and begins with soup. Meat
or fish with some vegetables is the main course. One of the vegeta-
bles is always potato. There are, of course, other vegetables in this
season. Fruit is the sweet course. Many people drink a cup of tea
or coffee after their lunch.
Those who have a full meal when they come home usually stay
at the office for lunch. They have sandwiches, and perhaps an
apple, and a cup of tea or coffee with biscuit to finish. If the
weather is fine, they always go to the park or square and eat their
sandwiches there.
15. Tasks
149
5. Do meat and fish go with rice? Ask “What?”
6. Does a British have an ice'cream for dessert? Ask “What?”
7. Do Londoners eat their sandwiches outside in fine weath-
er? Ask “Where?”
In Your Culture
150
KINGS HEAD BLACK BULL
Small quiet pub. Big noisy pub.
Good beer. Great sandwiches.
Sandwiches only. Informal and trendy.
Text B
Remember!
bread [bred] – хлеб
to feel [fi:l] – чувствовать, ощущать
a department store [dIpa:tmqnt] – универмаг
many kinds of food – всякие продукты
151
Svetlana is a Russian journalist. She’s interviewing Paul
Lucks, an assistant at Harrods.
Harrods
18. Tasks
152
b) How much do you remember?
In Your Country
Are there any big department stores in Russia?
Where are they?
Why is GUM popular with Russians?
What are GUM’s best'selling goods?
153
Section IV CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 8
1. Вместо точек вставьте пропущенные наречия:
many / much
1. Are there ______ food halls in Harrods?
2. There’s not ______ petrol in his car.
3. Buy some more cheese. There isn’t ______ in the fridge.
4. “How ______ goods are there on sale in your shop?”
“There’re not ______.”
few / little
5. “Let’s drink some yogurt.” “But we haven’t got much of
it. There’s very ______ at home.”
6. “How many mistakes are there in your dictation?” “Not
many. Today there are very ______ ”
7. “How much mineral water is there in the bottle?” “Oh,
there’s very ______.”
8. Mr. Jackson sells a lot of English books but ______
Russian magazines.
154
1. There are two kinds of buses in London.
2. They practise sports every morning.
3. We say goodbye to our friends when we leave.
4. My niece never forgets to water flowers.
5. Muscovites usually travel by public transport.
6. Tom sleeps very little. He normally goes to bed after mid'
night and gets up at 6 o’clock.
155
3. – У меня есть при себе немного денег. Сколько пачек сигарет
вы хотите купить? – Мне нужно несколько. – Вы слишком
много курите.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Зимой на улице много снега? – Да, довольно много.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Ей бы хотелось сделать несколько фотографий Национального
музея, но у неё мало свободного времени.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Большинство детей любят молоко и пьют его много.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
7. Генри хочет заказать несколько бутербродов с ветчиной и два
чайника чая.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
A C
a little biscuit can
bottle carton
B bread Cheers!
banana break cheese
bar buy chicken
156
chocolate M T
Covent Garden main take a photo
cream meal toast
crisps meat
menu W
D milk water
department store mineral
dessert much Y
diet yogurt
dish O
object
F
far P
feel packet
for the first course party
fruit piece
pot
H
ham R
Happy birthday! really
Harrods record
have a break roll
I S
ice'cream salad
idea sandwich
instead sell
soup
K stay
kilo sugar
kind
157
UNIT 9 WORK AND LEISURE
Работа и досуг
ФОНЕТИКА
Редукция гласных в предударном и послеудар-
ном слогах.
Дифтонг [eI].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Специальные вопросы к
подлежащему и дополнению.
Модальные глаголы can, may.
Относительные местоимения who, that, which.
Вы умеете …?
Как спросить?
Могу я вас попросить …?
Cм. Приложение, с. 265
158
долгая, и вы наслаждаетесь
зимними видами спорта.
Даже маленькие дети умеют
кататься на коньках и Проявите интерес.
на лыжах. Это для них забава. Заметьте, что особенно
популярен сейчас хоккей.
Согласитесь. Признайтесь, что
вам нравится смотреть хоккей
по телевизору. Поблагодарите г'на Род'
жерса за приятную
беседу.
159
Дифтонг [eI]. Повторение и обобщение
а (в откр. слоге) bacon, lazy, April, escape, parade
ea break, great, steak, beefsteak,
[eI] daybreak
ai* aid, rail, waist, contain, campaign
ay* way, stay, essay, decay, portray
ey* they, grey, obey, convey, survey
eigh eight, freight, weigh, weight,
neighbour
редкие сочетания veil, reign, straight, ballet, buffet
160
activity, camping, teenager, history, global, gallery, gymnastics,
antique, classic(al), cottage, tradition, , delegation, mission,
hockey, Olympic, fan.
likes
does. He likes
Eric Janet
Who loves whom? Look at the picture and answer
these questions.
Remember!
to dislike sb [d islaIk ] – недолюбливать кого'л.
to hate [h eIt] each other – ненавидеть друг друга
Examples:
Whom does Janet love?
161
6. Whom does Alice love?
7. Whom does Janet hate?
8. Who hates Janet?
9. How does Eric feel about Philip?
10. Does Philip feel the same about him?
11. Do Philip and Janet love each other?
6. How do you relax? What do you like doing in your free time?
Remember!
to collect [kqlekt] – коллекционировать
to paint [peInt] – рисовать, красить
to keep birds [bE:d] – держать птиц
A B C
Things you like / Things you don’t Things you dislike /
enjoy doing: mind doing: don’t like doing:
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
________________ ________________ ________________
162
c) Пользуясь составленными списками, расспросите
друзей, как они относятся к проведению разных видов досуга.
Example:
Do you like keeping pets? Yes, I do.
Very much.
Yes, I love it.
Do you like writing letters? No, I don’t.
Not very much.
No, I hate it.
Examples:
He / she likes going to the cinema and doesn’t mind going
to the theatre, but he / she doesn’t like going to parties
very much.
Sum up the information and say:
Who’s similar to you?
Who’s different from you?
Remember!
to think [θ iNk] – думать
to be interested [In trq stId] in sth – интересоваться чем'л.
boring [b ɔ :rIN] – скучный, скучно
It’s great fun – очень интересно, забавно
163
f) Roleplay similar conversations about your hobbies.
7. Read what the film star, Clint Eastwood, does in his free time.
1._________________________________________________ ?
Clint does.
2._________________________________________________ ?
A restaurant.
3._________________________________________________ ?
He’s interested in politics.
4. _________________________________________________ ?
Clint plays golf.
5. _________________________________________________ ?
With his family.
6. _________________________________________________ ?
She’s a TV reporter.
7. _________________________________________________ ?
About movies.
8. _________________________________________________ ?
Another western.
164
Set 2 Expressing Ability and Inability
Наши способности и возможности
Example:
Can you write poems?
Yes, I can. Can you? Модальный глагол "can"
No, I can’t.
I (+)
sing take photos He can
[kqn] swim.
act use the Internet She
cycle speak Japanese
It (')
windsurf read Latin texts can't
play tennis You
We [knt]
operate the computer
They
run 10 kilometres
165
Sum up the information about your partner’s abilities.
Example:
Anthony can operate the computer but he can’t cook.
Remember!
to play chess [tSes] – играть в шахматы
to ski [sk i:] – кататься на лыжах
to skate [skeit] – кататься на коньках
Example:
Can Jack fix cars?
Of course he can. He fixes cars
every day. He’s a mechanic.
Example:
Do you know a person who* can teach English well?
David can.
No, he can’t. He can’t teach at all.
166
Set 3 Polite request
Вежливая просьба
Remember!
That’s very kind of you – очень любезно с вашей стороны
to lend – давать взаймы
to do smb a favour [feivq] – оказывать кому'л. услугу
1.
May* I please use your pen
for a minute?
Sure. / You’re welcome.
That’s very kind of you.
2.
May* I please use your dictionary
for a minute?
Sorry, I haven’t got it right now.
Thanks anyway.
167
3. (Use the words in the right column.)
A. Oh, Paul. answer the phone for me
Can you do me a favour? take these books away
B. Yes, certainly. lend me your calculator
A. Can you post the letter for me? meet me before work
B. Yes, of course. meet me in the bar after work
Ask your partner what time you can watch your favourite
TV programme tonight.
You want to go to Sheremetyevo Airport* tomorrow, but
you don’t know how to get there.
You want to have a nice time at the weekend together with
a friend. What do you tell him/her?
You want to go out to eat tonight. Ask your colleague
where you can have a good supper.
Ask your partner what things you can get in a library.
You don’t know where to buy stamps / a map / a camera /
newspapers.
You’re visiting a company and you want to use their
telephone.
* Обратите внимание на то, что перед названиями улиц, магазинов,
площадей, станций метро и аэропортов артикль не употребляется, например: Red
Square, Kennedy Airport, Old Street, Waterloo Station, Marks and Spencer.
14. Roleplay.
You’re working with a delegation from Canada. Do you know
how to act in these professional situations? Match them with the
cues below.
168
help you?
lift that big box?
Can I take* you to a doctor? / a garage?
get you a drink? / an aspirin?
lend you some money?
take you to the conference? / the airport? / your hotel?
* Разница между bring/take и come/go зависит от того, где находится
говорящий. Take и go употребляются для обозначения движения от говорящего:
bring, come > here; take, go > there.
A: Hello?
B: Hello. Is Dick there?
A: Yes, he is.
B: __________ to him?
A: Just a minute.
169
B: Susan Abbott.
A: Just a moment, Ms. Abbott.
I’m connecting you.
A: Hello?
B: Hello. __________ to Ann?
A: She’s not here right now.
B: Oh. __________ a message?
A: Certainly.
A: Hello?
B: Hi, this is Bruce.
________ to Lorna?
A: She’s not at home right now.
Can I __________
a message?
B: Yes, please. Tell her to phone
me back tomorrow.
A: Hello?
B: Hello. ___________ to Jack?
A: Who?
B: Jack. Jack Butler.
A: There’s no one here by that name.
I’m afraid you have the wrong number.
B: Is that 221–3892?
A: No, it’s not.
B: Oh, I’m sorry.
A: That’s O.K.
170
Section III READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
16. Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочитайте текст про себя и ответьте на следующий вопрос.
Remember!
a nurse [nE:s] – медсестра
especially [IspeSqlI] – особенно
to go by underground [Andqgraund] – ехать в метро
furniture fE:nitSq – мебель
Cultural Note
A terraced house is a two'storey house joined to the next one
in the row.
171
collection of records. She likes sports very much, especially ten-
nis.
17. Tasks.
172
Note!
to count – идти в счёт,
иметь значение
a case – случай
to be mad about sth –
быть влюблённым во что'л.
former – бывший, прежний
massive – зд. значительный
to stay up late – не ложиться спать
допоздна
Low Countries – Бенилюкс
c) Listen once again. Look at the chart and match the sports in
A with the countries in B.
A B
rugby Australia
football the USA and some of Latin America
hockey France, the Low Countries, Italy
cricket New Zealand and South Wales
baseball Malaysia
cycling Britain and former British colonies
swimming North Wales
badminton Canada, Czech Republic, Russia
e) On your own.
173
Text В
Time off
174
Children and teenagers are great collectors. They collect
stamps, or postcards, or matchboxes, or pictures of a favourite
footballer or pop star. Hobbies are a great British and American
tradition.
20. Tasks
175
In Your Country
21. Roleplay the game on page 158. Use the word “a cottage”
(дача).
Test 9
Example:
What’s the name of the man who lives next door?
Example:
Tom reads interesting books.
“Who reads interesting books?” “Tom does.”
What kind of books does Tom read?
176
1. My brother smokes Marlboro.
2. I always have a cheese sandwich for breakfast.
3. We sometimes have tomato soup for lunch.
4. Clark is wearing a quartz watch.
5. None of them has a video camera.
Example:
Jack wants to go to the park with his friends
to play football, but he has a broken foot.
Jack can go to the park and watch the game.
But he can’t play football.
177
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. – Вам нравится кататься на коньках? – Терпеть не могу.
– В самом деле? А я не очень люблю лыжи.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. – Алиса водит машину так медленно! – Согласен. Она
совсем не умеет водить.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. – Думаю, что Оливер хорошо готовит. А вы как считаете?
– Я тоже так думаю. И он знает, как приготовить обед быстро.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. Странно, что начальник и секретарь недолюбливают друг
друга.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. Я не понимаю, как пользоваться этим кассетным
магнитофоном. Вы не могли бы дать мне инструкцию?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
178
Word List (Unit 9)
A L
activity Latin
aspirin lend
Australia Low Countries
B M
be interested in Malaysia
bird mission
boring motorcross
C movie
camping N
collect nurse
cottage O
Czech Republic of course
D P
delegation paint
dislike play chess
do a favour poem
E politics
each other S
early skate
especially ski
F slow(ly)
fan sure
fast T
fun teenager
G That’s very kind of you!
gallery think
garage tradition
gymnastics turn on
H turn off
hate U
history underground
hobby W
J western
jazz windsurf
K
know
179
UNIT 10 A BUSINESS TRIP
Деловая поездка
ФОНЕТИКА
Согласные [C], [S], [Z].
ГРАММАТИКА
Модальное выражение
“have to”.
Специальные вопросы типа:
How long does it take … ?
180
и вам хотелось бы доехать
до Хитроу экспрессом.
Скажите, что это неплохая
Расспросите, где можно мысль.
купить билет на этот
экспресс. Дайте подробное разъяснение.
Добавьте, что Хитроу экспресс '
это лучший способ добраться
до аэропорта, так как поезд
идёт быстро и без остановок.
Предложите встретиться
в аэропорту, чтобы вместе
проходить регистрацию
на рейс. Согласитесь. Попросите
коллегу перезвонить
вам в день вылета.
181
2. Прочитайте данные слова на <ssion и <tion. Каким
суффиксам в русском языке они соответствуют?
182
, energetic, speedometer, basketball, display, airport, channel,
tunnel, Waterloo, officer.
Tuesday
Mr. Brown: write a business letter
Mrs. Brown: visit a friend in hospital
Wednesday
Mr. Brown: send a fax
Mrs. Brown: go to the dentist
Thursday Friday
Mr. Brown: be at the firm Mr. Brown: make a speech
Mrs. Brown: go to the library Mrs. Brown: study French
Example:
Does Mr. Brown have to act on TV on Monday?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
What does he have to do?
He has to …
8. You have to travel a lot in your job. This time you have to go
on business to New York. You’ve got a plane ticket for the evening
flight. What things do you have to do before you leave?
Remember!
a flight – рейс
to return sth – вернуть, зд. сдать в библиотеку
the cleaner’s – химчистка
a suitcase – чемодан
184
clean your flat park your car
switch off the lights phone for a taxi
switch off the fridge say goodbye to your parents
Remember!
a report [rIpO:t] – доклад
to go jogging [PgIN] – заниматься бегом (трусцой)
to go fishing [fISIN ] – ходить на рыбалку
to make a phone call – позвонить по телефону
185
Set 2 Getting around
Поездки на транспорте
186
city centre library theatre airport station
Example:
Martin goes to college by bus. The journey takes
about half an hour.
Example: plane
How long does it take by train from Moscow to...?
car
an hour and a half plane
It takes many hours by train from Moscow to... .
a long time car
187
from London depart arrive
Edinburgh 07.10 08.20
Manchester 07.15 08.05
to Newcastle 07.30 08.30
Cork 11.15 12.30
Aberdeen 09.25 10.50
Belfast 08.30 09.40
14. Roleplay.
Вы находитесь в трансагентстве, чтобы забронировать
билет на самолет. Агент по продаже авиабилетов пользуется
расписанием, указанным выше. Выберите любой из
предложенных городов и поговорите с агентом.
Note!
Book me on this flight.
Забронируйте мне билет на этот рейс.
188
15. Read some information about Heathrow Express.
Cultural Note!
Paddington is one of the mainline railway stations in London.
189
Answer.
16. You’re at the airport. There are a lot of signs around you.
190
At the railway station At the airport
b) Listening.
Text A
Remember!
an age [eIG] – век
an interpreter [IntE:prItq] – переводчик
through [Tru:] – через
Cultural Note
Channel Tunnel is an underground passage below the English
Channel to take trains travelling between England and France.
191
The Age of the Train
19. Tasks
192
5. Does Mary leave London in the evening? Ask “When?”
6. Does she arrive in Paris at midnight French time?
Ask “When?”
7. Does she go to the office by bus? Ask “How?” “Why?”
8. Does Mary Fisher stay in Paris at a hotel? Ask “Where?”
9. Does she get back to London next week? Ask “When?”
10. Does Mary like the Eurostar service? Why? / Why not?
Text B
London’s Heathrow
London’s Heathrow is a very busy international airport. It
handles over 350,000 international flights every year. 70 airlines
use Heathrow.
Around 54,000 people work at Heathrow. Near the centre of
the airport is the police station with 300 police officers and 14
dogs that can smell drugs.
The Medical Centre has 8 nurses and 3 doctors always ready to
help people who have heart problems while travelling to or through
Heathrow.
193
Every year Heathrow handles over 57,000,000 items of lug-
gage. Heathrow’s duty free shops sell 500 million cigarettes every
day.
Travellers drink 23,000 cups of coffee and tea and eat 11,500
sandwiches at the airport cafe´s and bars every day.
21. Tasks.
c) Read these statements and say what you like / dislike about
travelling by air.
For or against?
194
d) Write a short paragraph about travelling.
Test 10
Example:
Sarah is a doctor. She has to work this evening.
1. This is the end of the course. The students ____ ______ a test.
2. It’s hot. You ____ ______ a sweater.
3. His eyes are very good. He ____ ______ glasses.
4. I eat too much chocolate. I ____ ______ .
5. You want to speak good English. You ____ ______ hard.
6. Samuel is not often at home. He ____ ______ a lot in his job.
195
3. Вместо пропусков вставьте вспомогательные глаголы
am/ is / are / do / don’t / does / doesn’t.
Example:
She is happy at college (будучи студенткой)
I meet him at the college (место встречи)
196
3. Every term parents go to school / the school to meet
the teachers.
4. How many people go to university / the university in your
country?
5. Jack is ill and he’s still in hospital / the hospital. Jill is
going to hospital / the hospital to visit him.
6. Mrs. Kelly goes to church / the church every Sunday.
7. We’d like to visit church / the church. It’s a beautiful
building.
8. After leaving school / the school, Nora works as a cleaner
in hospital / at the hospital.
197
Word List (Unit 10)
A J
age jog
airport journey
attack K
B kilometer
basketball L
be in a hurry lecture
C link
channel luggage
check in M
clean make a phone call
colleague O
D officer
discussion P
display pack
distance profession
duty free R
E railway
energy report
energetic return
express S
F situation
flight speed
fly suitcase
G T
go fishing through
go jogging travel
H tunnel
heart U
Heathrow uniform
I
interpreter
198
UNIT 11 LET ME REMEMBER
Дайте мне вспомнить
ФОНЕТИКА
Смещение ударного слога.
Дифтонг [aI].
Повторение и обобщение.
ГРАММАТИКА
Глагол “to be” в простом
прошедшем времени.
Сокращенные утвердительные
и отрицательные
предложения типа:
So was I. / Neither was I.
199
хорошие школы, удобная Уточните,
транспортная система. а) какая там обычно
стоит погода;
б) какие достопримеча$
тельности можно
посмотреть; в) какой
ресторан лучше посетить;
Ответьте на все вопросы г) каким видом транспор$
собеседника. Пожелайте та нужно пользо$
ему удачной поездки. ваться.
200
3. При чтении следующих фраз и четверостиший проследите
за интонацией.
201
Were you pleased or upset after class?
Were you at home or at work at 5 o’clock?
Were you hungry before dinner?
Were you in Egypt in summer?
Were you in England last year?
Example:
202
7. Прочтите данные высказывания. Сначала в краткой, а
затем в полной форме скажите то же самое о себе.
Example:
Mr. Reed teaches students.
So do I. I teach students, too.
Mr. Reed doesn’t teach students.
Neither do I. I don’t teach students, either.
Remember!
to be good at games [g eim z] – быть хорошим спортсменом
203
9. Roleplay
Talk to your friend on the phone.
204
c) about 200 years ago?
a) in Moscow? b) in Barcelona?
c) in Atlanta?
205
12. Read the text “Yesterday, I was in Paris”
206
Cultural Notes
Las Vegas [lsv e ig əs] is a city in the desert (пустыня) of
Nevada [n iv d ə], USA, famous for its large casinos.
Canary [k qn e q rI] islands (also the Canaries) is a group of
islands belonging (принадлежащие) to Spain near NW Africa
which are popular with British people for a holiday in the sun.
Was Steve in the Canaries with his family? Why? / Why not?
Note!
thief – вор
stole – украл (прош. время от глагола steal)
according to – согласно, в соответствии с
to be sure – быть уверенным
207
young, tall and thin. His hair was brown and curly. The police are
looking for the thief today. They’re talking to Frank Harris. He’s
a tall, thin young man with brown, curly hair.
Questions.
1. What was the thief like, according to Mr. and Mrs. Jones?
2. Who are the police talking to?
3. Do Frank and his wife give the same answers to the policemen?
4. Does Frank have an alibi?
5. Was Frank the thief?
208
Section III READ AND DISCUSS THINGS
Text A
When I was at
school, my favourite
programme was “Hill
Street Blues”. It was an
American programme
but it was very popular
in Britain.
The “Blues” are the
police. It’s a story about
a police station in the
United States. There
are about 16 people in the story and we see their everyday life in
the station and in the streets outside. My favourite character was
Mick Belker – he’s a very small man – a detective who isn’t very
clean but he’s very friendly.
I was curious to know about the activities of the police station
for the next twelve hours. Sometimes it was funny and sometimes
it was dangerous, but it was never boring.
“Hill Street Blues” is in its eighth year now. The programme
starts in the morning and my teen$age sister watches it every
week.
209
16. Tasks.
Text B
Why does Sam Jones call the Herald Tribune his home town
newspaper?
Note!
to reach sb / sth – достичь кого$л. / чего$л.
to come out – выходить (о газетах)
a degree – диплом
a body – тело
childhood – детство
memory – память
a leading article – передовая статья
210
The Global Newspaper
211
18. Tasks.
Example:
I read the front page news and the headlines (заголовки).
In Your Country
212
Do you buy a morning paper or an evening paper?
Do you read every section of the newspaper?
Which sections of the newspaper are you especially
interested in?
Test 11
Example:
I can’t swim. Oh, can’t you? No, but I have to learn.
213
3. Задайте общий вопрос к данным предложениям и дайте
два варианта отрицательного ответа.
214
3. – Извините, но вы сидите на моём месте (in my place). –
Прошу прощения. Вы ведь вчера отсутствовали?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. На вас красивые туфли. Они стоили дорого?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
5. – На собрании было много народу? – Нет, очень мало. – Нам
нужно организовать новую встречу и выступить перед
коллегами.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6. – Том хорошо знал химию в школе? – Да, он всегда проявлял
интерес к этому предмету.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
215
Word List (Unit 11)
A P
alibi philosophy
awful R
B revolution
band S
Barcelona Saudi Arabia
be good (at) section
C soap$opera
character sociology
childhood space
China surprise
curious T
D take a course (in)
dangerous
detective
dream
E
economics
excellent
F
front
funny
G
global
I
I'm bored
inspector
L
Las Vegas
learn
M
marketing
mix
mixture
O
Olympic
216
UNIT 12 INTERVIEWS,
INTERVIEWS…
ФОНЕТИКА
Ударение в
многосложных словах
ГРАММАТИКА
The Present
Continuous Tense для
обозначения будущего
времени
Конструкция going to.
Обстоятельственные
придаточные предло6
жения
217
Section I LEARN TO SOUND LIKE A NATIVE
218
Второстепенное ударение на втором слоге (после приставки):
ad,ministration, e,xamination, com,munication,
ex,perimental, a,ssociation
All that you do, /girls, Work while you work, /boys,
Do with your might. Play while you play.
Things done but half, /girls, That is the way, /boys,
Are never done right. To be happy and gay.
Example:
I’m going to the concert this
evening. And you?
I’m playing tennis with Jack.
219
For questions: Present Continuous
go for a walk используется для
go for a run / go for a drink / обозначения будущего
go for a meal / go for a holiday времени (когда время и
место действия намечены
заранее) с глаголами
For answers: движения, а также с
stay with my parents глаголами: stay, play, take,
go to see a play meet, start.
take a bus tour of the city
walk the dog
fly to Santiago in Chile
6. Заполните пропуски
недостающими
глаголами.
meet go
Note!
seafood – продукты моря
go downtown – AmE ехать в центр города
220
b) Practise this conversation with the following time expres-
sions.
today tomorrow
this morning tomorrow morning
this afternoon tomorrow afternoon
this evening tomorrow evening
tonight tomorrow night
221
On your own.
222
Example:
Am I going to buy a Mercedes or a VW?
When is it going to happen?
b) On your own.
Write 6 questions you’d like to ask an astrologer. Take the ideas
from the box.
223
Next June the Nelsons are going to spend their summer holi-
day in Cyprus. They like the beautiful beaches there and they
enjoy swimming and windsurfing every day.
Questions.
11. Roleplay.
Your British colleague is going on holiday. He plans to spend
three weeks in a small hotel in Florida. Talk to him about his coming
holiday.
224
как он собирается
путешествовать.
Объясните как.
Спросите, когда он отъезжает.
Ответьте когда.
Узнайте, как долго он будет
находиться там. Укажите срок вашего
пребывания в США.
Узнайте у коллеги, где он
собирается остановиться.
Скажите где.
Поблагодарите и
Пожелайте хорошего отпуска. попрощайтесь.
Set 2 Consolidation
Повторение
Cultural Note
Canne [k n] is a seaside holiday town in the South of France.
225
Roleplay.
You’re working in Canne as a journalist. You have to write a
magazine article about the Canne International Film Festival which
is beginning tomorrow. Focus on these professional situations.
1. Ask questions at the press briefing.
2. Meet your colleagues from the other countries.
3. Interview film stars and producers.
4. Go to a party.
Remember!
the Hilton* – Хилтон (отель)
arrival [qraIvql] – прибытие
opening / closing – открытие / закрытие
a reception [rIs e p S(q)n ] – прием
* C названиями отелей, ресторанов, театров, кино и музеев употребляется
определенный артикль: The Pacific Hotel, the Palace Theatre, the Red Lion.
1.
– Добрый вечер. Меня зовут Моника Вейт. Добро
пожаловать на брифинг в отеле Хилтон. Я знаю, что вы
хотите получить информацию относительно завтрашнего
открытия фестиваля (Grand Opening). Итак, начнём
с вопросов.
– Не могли бы вы сообщить о времени прибытия
президента фестиваля?
– Президент прибывает самолётом в 10 утра.
– Хорошо. А где он произнесёт свою вступительную
(opening) речь?
– В конференц$зале на втором этаже. Но приём
с шампанским у нас будет в саду, с 11 до 11.30.
– Как вы планируете организовать работу журналистов?
– Журналисты и кинооператоры будут снимать с воздуха
(from the air). Есть еще вопросы по поводу программы на
завтра? Нет? Тогда перейдём (to go on) к следующей
части брифинга.
226
Remember! first of all – прежде всего
important [impO:t(q)nt] – важно, важный
2.
– Это замечательная идея, Джон, не так ли?
– Верно. Ты только представь (think about) те фантасти$
ческие кадры, которые можно сделать сверху!
Олег, о чем ты собираешься писать?
– Прежде всего, о Хилтоне, в этом отеле очень удобно
работать. Это важно для читателей моего журнала.
Ведь все они деловые люди. Что интересно твоим
читателям?
– Мои читатели приезжают в такие отели (hotels like this)
не работать, а отдыхать. Их интересуют достопримеча$
тельности, места отдыха, бассейны. Поэтому я начну
свою статью о барах и ресторанах, которые есть
в Хилтоне.
3.
– Хэррисон, вы кинозвезда и
популярны не только в Америке,
но и в России. Расскажите нашим
читателям немного о себе.
– Ещё в школе я хорошо знал
литературу и проявлял интерес к
кинематографу. Может быть,
поэтому моя любимая роль в кино
$ это роль Ханса Сола (Hans Solo) в
"Звездных войнах".
– Смотреть ваши фильмы
было страшно, но скучно никогда
не было. Каковы ваши планы на
будущее?
– Я планирую сниматься сразу
в нескольких голливудских
фильмах. Работа обещает быть
интересной, и я готов к ней.
– Желаю вам успеха.
Harrison Ford
227
4.
Text A
14. Прочитайте текст вслух, обращая внимание на
интонацию.
Прочтите текст про себя и дайте ответ на вопрос,
содержащийся в заголовке.
228
Tawley Arts Festival
– Another Cannes?
15. Tasks.
229
3. There were few _____________________________________.
4. Now the festival is famous ____________________________.
5. It continues _______________ and has __________________.
6. In the next few years _________________________________
.
Text B
230
Children love to play classical music very much. One genera-
tion after another is shocked to find music by great composers still
relevant. Maybe that’s because the big themes, like love and loss,
never go out of style.
Take Mozart. He was small, very thin and pale, with a head
that was too large for his body, and a nose that was too large for
his head. But his eyes were bright, his manner lively. And no one
was good at writing melodies as elegant and simple, as his.
In Gershwin’s music the harmony is all there, just as it was in
Mozart’s time – but now mixed in with jazz rhythms and blues.
Classical music serves us in real life, too. It’s hard to think of
many great movies without classical music. It lives in concert
halls and home stereos the world over.
Great music means a lot to us. It restores deep feelings within
us and articulates that which words can’t express. Clearly, then,
classical music continues to cross time, cultures and nations.
17. Tasks.
b) Find the following phrases in the text and translate them into
Russian.
Part math – part magic; never go out of style; his lively man-
ner; mixed in with jazz rhythms and blues; serves us in real life;
restores deep feelings.
231
e) On your own.
How musical are you?
a) Fill in the missing information in the chart with the facts from
the tape.
Karaoke Tango
What is it? ________ ______
b) Answer.
232
Section IV CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 12
1. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы либо в форме “the
present continuous” (he is leaving), либо в форме “the present
simple” (it leaves).
Examples:
I/not/go out/tonight. I’m not going out tonight.
The concert/start/at 8.15. The concert starts at 8.15.
Example:
A: They / have a party tomorrow.
They’re going to have a party tomorrow.
B: Who /they /invite?
Who are they going to invite?
A: The Browns.
1.
A: She/make a speech next month.
B: Where/she/make a speech?
A: On TV.
2.
A: I/watch a video this evening.
B: Which video /you watch?
A: “Summer Holiday.”
233
3.
A: They /buy a new car tomorrow.
B: Which car /they /buy?
A: Toyota, I think.
4.
A: He /study Japanese at university.
B: Why /he study Japanese?
A: He wants to go and teach in Japan.
5.
A: We /travel round the world next year.
B: Which countries /you /visit?
A: The USA, Australia and Indonesia.
6.
A: I/go away for the weekend.
B: Where/you/spend it?
A: Out of town.
234
4. Переведите данные предложения на английский язык,
используя “present continuous” и “going to” для передачи
будущего времени.
235
Word List (Unit 12)
A M
abroad magazine
Africa melody
ago Mercedes
Argentina microphone
arrival Mozart
as … as O
B opening
Bach Q
Beethoven Quebec
briefing R
C reception
Chile S
Chopin San Francisco
closing Santiago
conference$hall style
continue T
cross take place
Cyprus tango
F Tawley
festival V
first of all violin
Florida
G
Geneva
I
important
K
karaoke
L
Latin America
236
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
Unit 1
1. Понятие об артикле
Артикли – это служебные слова, которые не имеют
самостоятельного значения и являются особыми определите
лями существительных.
В английском языке существует два артикля –
неопределенный a/an и определенный the.
Неопределенный артикль употребляется с исчисляемыми
существительными только в единственном числе, так как он
произошел от числительного один. Существительное с
неопределенным артиклем дает название предмету, выражает
общее понятие о нем, тем самым указывая на его
принадлежность к какомулибо классу однородных предметов
или явлений:
This is a tie. This is a new tie.
Фонетический вариант неопределенного артикля аn
употребляется перед существительными, начинающимися с
гласного: an egg [qneg] (яйцо), an album (альбом).
Определенный артикль употребляется с исчисляемыми и
неисчисляемыми существительными, как в единственном, так
и во множественном числе в тех случаях, когда говорящему и
слушающему ясно, о чем идет речь. Как правило, если при
первом упоминании о предмете или лице существительное
требует неопределенного артикля, то в дальнейшем, при
сообщении дополнительных сведений о нем, существительное
употребляется с определенным артиклем, так как обозначает
уже известный предмет:
That is a sofa. The sofa is old.
Артикль ставится перед тем существительным, к которому
он относится. Если перед существительным стоит определение,
выраженное прилагательным, то артикль ставится перед всем
словосочетанием:
Не is a happy man.
237
Артикли не употребляются:
а) с именами собственными: Russia, Minsk, Elvis, Jane;
б) с существительными, обозначающими названия наук и
учебных предметов: Spanish, Italian, Russian History (История
России). Но: the English language [lNgwi];
в) а также в других случаях, о которых будет сказано далее.
2. Имена существительные
В английском языке имена существительные не имеют
грамматической категории рода. Все существительные,
обозначающие неодушевленные предметы, отвлеченные
понятия, вещества и животных, заменяются местоимением it.
Например:
The case is big, but it is empty.
The dog is nice. It’s a good friend, too.
Существительные, обозначающие живые существа женс
кого либо мужского пола, заменяются соответственно
местоимениями she (она) и he (он):
Helen is not late, she is on time.
4. Простое предложение
Простые предложения бывают распространенными и
нераспространенными. Последние состоят только из главных
238
членов предложения – подлежащего и сказуемого:
Time is money.
(подлежащее) (сказуемое)
В состав простого распространенного предложения входят,
кроме главных членов предложения – подлежащего и
сказуемого, – также и второстепенные: определение, дополнение
или обстоятельства:
David is absent today.
В английском языке, ввиду отсутствия развитой системы
родовых, падежных и личных окончаний, грамматические
отношения между словами в предложении выражаются
главным образом порядком слов и предлогами. Поэтому
правильный порядок слов так важен.
Для английского предложения характерен прямой порядок
слов, изменение которого может привести к нарушению смысла
высказывания. Так, в английском повествовательном
предложении слова располагаются в следующем порядке:
5. Вопросительные предложения
Структура вопросительного предложения в английском
языке отличается от структуры повествовательного предло
жения порядком слов. Вопросы, требующие ответа да или нет,
называются общими вопросами. В английском языке они
начинаются с глагола:
Is + подлежащее + ... ?
239
Общие вопросы произносятся с восходящим тоном, причем
в вопросах такого типа на глагол, с которого начинается вопрос,
обычно падает ударение:
Is the boss in NLondon?
На общие вопросы может даваться краткий утверди
тельный или отрицательный ответ, который произносится с
нисходящим тоном:
“Is the boss inNLondon?”
“PYes, he Pis. / PNo, he Pisn’t.” (PNo, he is Pnot)
Обратите внимание, что сокращенная форма isn’t [Iznt]
всегда стоит под ударением.
В разговорной речи, однако, краткий ответ состоит обычно
только из слов yes / no.
240
7. Личные местоимения в именительном падеже
8. Притяжательные местоимения
Притяжательные местоимения отвечают на вопрос whose?
(чей?) и обозначают принадлежность. Они имеют форму,
соотносящуюся с личными местоимениями.
241
9. Спряжение глагола to be в настоящем времени
В разговорном английском языке личные местоимения и
глаголсвязка сливаются, образуя сокращения:
Unit 2
10. Специальные вопросы
Специальные вопросы – это вопросы, требующие спе-
циального ответа, содержащего запрашиваемую информацию.
Такие вопросы относятся к отдельным членам предложения и
начинаются с вопросительного слова, после чего предложение
строится по схеме общего вопроса (см. п. 5). Вопрос, относящийся
к обстоятельству места, начинается с вопросительного слова
where.
242
am
Where + is + подлежащее +…?
are
243
меняется на i:
city – cities family – families
party – parties story – stories
Если же перед у стоит гласная, то никаких изменений не
происходит и множественное число образуется путем
прибавления окончания s:
day – days play – plays
Множественное число имен существительных, оканчи
вающихся на f, fe, образуется путем замены f на согласную v
и прибавления окончания es:
life – lives shelf – shelves
half – halves knife – knives
У некоторых существительных сохранились архаичные
формы множественного числа:
man – men child – children
woman – women foot – feet
244
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Если за существительным следует числительное, обозначающее
номер, то перед существительным артикль не употребляется:
Room 7, Bus 12.
15. Словообразование
В английском языке имеются два основных способа
словообразования: словопроизводство и словосложение.
Словопроизводство – образование слова путем прибавления
к основе слова аффиксов, т.е. префиксов или суффиксов: bank
– banker, comfort – comfortable.
Словосложение – это сложение двух или нескольких основ,
в результате которого получаются новые слова, которые
называются сложными. Значение сложных слов обычно
складывается из значений их компонентов. Сложные слова
чаще всего пишутся слитно, например:
homework (home – домашняя, work – работа).
В сложных словах, образованных путем словосложения,
ударение падает в большинстве случаев на первое слово:
blackboard, briefcase, newspaper, lunchtime, seaside, life-
style.
Unit 3
16. Разделительный вопрос
Кроме общих вопросов, в английском языке существуют
еще так называемые расчленённые (разделительные) вопросы:
Linda isn’t ill, is she?
245
Эти вопросы, так же как и общие вопросы, требуют
утвердительного или отрицательного ответа, т.е. подтверждения
или отрицания мысли, выраженной в вопросе. Они делятся как
бы на две части: повествовательное предложение и минивопрос,
состоящий из соответствующего вспомогательного глагола в
требуемой форме и личного местоимения в именительном
падеже. Первая часть произ носится с нисходящим тоном, а
вторая – чаще всего с восхо дящим тоном:
The sofa is Pred,Nisn’t it?
В русском языке минивопросу соответствуют вопро
сительные обороты правда? не так ли? или усилительная
частица “ведь” в составе вопросительного предложения.
(+) ()
утвердит. предложение отрицательн. минивопрос
() (+)
отрицательн. предложение утвердительн. минивопрос
Причем, в случае согласия ответ всегда совпадает с первой
частью вопроса:
“That man is British, isn’t he?”
“Yes, he is.”(согласие) “No, he isn’t.”(несогласие)
“That man isn’t British, is he?”
“No, he isn’t” (согласие) “Yes, he is “(неcoгласие)
17. Инфинитив
Инфинитив – неопределенная форма глагола, которая не
имеет ни лица, ни числа и отвечает на вопрос – Что (с)делать?
В английском языке инфинитив характеризуется частицей to:
It’s time to go home. Пора идти домой.
It’s difficult to speak English. Поанглийски говорить трудно.
Заметьте, что в указанных примерах, соответствующих
русским безличным предложениям, местоимение it упот
ребляется в качестве подлежащего, но на русский язык не
переводится, как и глаголсвязка is.
246
18. Объектный падеж личных местоимений
В английском языке личные местоимения имеют кроме
именительного падежа еще и объектный падеж.
247
личное основа
Let + местоимение + смыслового
в объектном падеже глагола
Unit 4
20. Падежи имен существительных.
Общий и притяжательный падеж
Существительные в общем падеже (tie, knife) упот
ребляются в различных функциях:
подлежащего:
The people from America are very nice.
именной части составного сказуемого:
They’re businessmen.
дополнения:
Show me your passport, please.
обстоятельства:
My friend is in a firm.
Как видим, позиция выделенных слов указывает на
функцию существительного в предложении. Отношение
существительного в общем падеже к другим словам в
предложении определяется его местом в предложении или
предлогом.
В отношениях между двумя существительными, когда
второе существительное является определением к первому,
значение принадлежности выражается предлогом of. Предлог
of может употребляться с любым существительным, обозна
чающим одушевлённые и неодушевлённые предметы:
248
a box of matches
a map of England
the door of my room
the photo of that engineer
Как правило, если существительное обозначает оду
шевленный предмет, то значение принадлежности выражается
формой притяжательного падежа, который образуется с помо
щью окончания s, а на письме обозначается еще и апострофом
(’):
Mr. Brown’s name – имя гна Брауна
my friend’s computer – компьютер моего друга
Следует отметить, что правила чтения окончания притя
жательного падежа совпадают с правилами чтения окончаний
множественного числа имён существительных в общем падеже.
Притяжательный падеж имён существительных во
множественном числе также обозначается на письме апост
рофом (’), а в чтении и речи ничем не отличается от единствен-
ного числа:
the Browns’ children – дети Браунов
my friends’ computer – компьютер моих друзей
249
Have и have got используются в значении “иметь, обладать”
и переводятся на русский язык “у меня (у него и т.д.) есть”:
I’ve got a camera. I have a camera.
She’s got three children. She has three children.
He’s got brown hair. He has brown hair.
Грамматическая форма have got в отличие от have менее
официальна и характерна для разговорного английского, в
частности, его британского варианта:
Have you got a camera?
Между тем грамматическая форма have в большей степени
присуща американскому варианту, а также письменному стилю
британского варианта английского языка:
The Prime Minister has a meeting with the President today.
250
any ()
He hasn’t got any umbrella(s). (никакого / никаких)
He hasn’t got any money. (нисколько)
any (?)
Have you got any document(s)? (какойнибудь /
какиенибудь)
Is there any milk in the fridge? (скольконибудь,
часто не переводится)
any (+)
Give me any book(s) to read. (любые)
Come any time you like.
no ()
We have no album(s) at home. (никакого / никаких)
We have no time. (нисколько)
Unit 5
24. Оборот “there is / are”
There is / are + подлежащее + обстоятельство места
251
There’s a book on the table. На столе лежит книга.
There are pictures on the wall. На стене висят картины.
There’s a bookcase in the corner. В углу стоит книжный
шкаф.
Поскольку в обороте there is слово there не имеет
самостоятельного значения, при переводе на английский язык
предложений с наречием “там”, необходимо в конце
предложения употребить наречие there. Так, предложение Там
много народу, следует перевести следующим образом:
There’re a lot of people there.
Если в предложении с указанной конструкцией имеется
несколько однородных членов, то вспомогательный глагол
обычно согласуется с существительным, непосредственно
следующим за ним.
Сравните:
There is a chair and two desks.
There are two desks and a chair.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В утвердительном предложении в значении много употреб-
ляются, как правило, выражения a lot of, lots of как с исчисляе-
мыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными.
252
Чтобы задать вопрос “Сколько?” (Как много?),
используются сочетания:
How many … ? с исчисляемыми существительными;
How much … ? с неисчисляемыми существительными.
Сравните:
How many bus stops are there in your street?
How much milk is there in the refrigerator?
20 21 22 29
twenty twentyone twentytwo twentynine
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
У числительных twenty, thirty и fifty происходят изменения в
основе, а в числительном forty выпадает буква u.
253
принимают во множественном числе окончания s за
исключением тех случаев, когда они употребляются в значении
существительных.
Сравните:
two hundred years двести лет
millions of people миллионы людей
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Между сотнями и десятками ставится союз and.
Например: eight hundred and seventynine.
Unit 6
27. Порядковые числительные
Порядковые числительные отвечают на вопрос which?
(который?) За исключением числительных first, second, third,
они образуются от соответствующих количественных
числительных путем прибавления суффикса th и всегда
употребляются с определенным артиклем:
the seventh month, the fourth programme
При образовании порядковых числительных от числитель-
ных, оканчивающихся на ty, буква у заменяется на i и при-
бавляется суффикс eth [IT]:
1st – first 5th – fifth 9th – ninth
2nd – second 6th – sixth 10th – tenth
3rd – third 7th – seventh 11th – eleventh
4th – fourth 8th – eighth 12th – twelfth
254
one hundredth
one thousandth
one millionth
255
настоящем, прошедшем или будущем? Как оно соотносится с
моментом речи – как уже свершившееся, в процессе развития
или регулярно повторяющееся?
256
31. The Present Сontinuous Tense
(Настоящее продолженное время)
Am / is / are + глагол ing
(+) ’m (am)
() I ’m not
(+) He ’s (is)
She isn’t eating.
() It
(+) We ’re (are)
You aren’t
() They
Короткий ответ:
“Are you listening to music?”
“Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.”
257
Сравните структуру утвердительного и вопросительного
предложений.
They are talking about politics.
Are they talking about politics?
What are they talking about?
What are they doing?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
1. Present Continuous может употребляться для обозначения
предварительной договоренности на ближайшее будущее с
глаголами движения, а также с глаголами to meet, to play, to
start:
They’re coming on Friday.
I’m meeting Miss Boyd at 10 o’clock.
He’s starting French lessons next week.
2. Глаголы to be, to like, to see, to hear, to understand и некоторые
другие глаголы физического и умственного восприятия в форме
Continuous не употребляются.
258
what where which how
who when why whose
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Обратите внимание на то, что после вопросительных слов what,
what kind of существительное употребляется без артикля:
“What kind of city is Boston?”
“It’s a big city.”
Вопросительное слово whose (чей) употребляется в вопросе
к определению, обозначающему принадлежность предмета:
“Whose coat is this?”
“It’s mine.”
Как правило, вопросительное слово which (который)
употребляется в значении “из данного числа предметов”:
Which is your husband? The blond one or the dark one?
Вопросительное слово how употребляется с прила
лагательным или наречием:
How old are you?
How big is his new car?
How fast does it go?
Unit 7
33. Абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений
В английском языке, кроме присоединяемой формы
притяжательных местоимений, которая, подобно прилагатель-
ному, употребляется в предложении в функции определения,
существует ещё и самостоятельная, так называемая абсолют-
ная форма притяжательных местоимений.
259
I my mine he his his
we our ours she her hers
you your yours they their theirs
Как показывает само название, эта форма притяжательных
местоимений употребляется самостоятельно, в функциях,
свойственных существительному, а именно: подлежащего,
части сказуемого, дополнения и т.д.
“What is your favourite colour?”
“Mine is red and yours?”
I
(+) We live near here.
() You
They don’t live
(+) He lives
She doesn’t live near here.
() It
I
Do we
you
(?) they
Does live near here?
he
she
it
I
do we
Where you live?
(?) they
does he
she
it
Короткий ответ:
“Do you like Peter?”
“Yes, I do.”
“Does she speak French?”
“No, she doesn’t.”
Present Simple употребляется:
1) для обозначения привычки, регулярно повторяющегося
действия:
260
I get up at 7.30. Я встаю в 7.30.
Americans travel a lot. Aмериканцы много путешествуют.
2) для констатации реального факта:
Vegetarians don’t eat meat. Вегетарианцы не едят мяса.
We come from Spain. Мы родом из Испании.
3) для обозначения обычного, постоянного действия:
How often do you go to Oxford? Как часто вы ездите в
Оксфорд?
She works in a bank. Она работает в банке.
261
The weather here is not very good. It often rains.
Однако в повествовательном предложении с глаголом to be
эти наречия ставятся после глагола to be:
Carol is always at college in the morning. Кэрол по утрам
занимается в колледже.
They are seldom at home. Они редко бывают дома.
Вместо seldom для выражения его значения может
употребляться наречие often в отрицательном предложении:
I don’t meet him very often.
Обратите внимание на то, что наречие sometimes может
также находиться в начале предложения:
Sometimes we’re late but it doesn’t happen very often.
262
В следующей таблице приведены варианты указанных
грамматических явлений. Сравните правильные и неправильные
варианты.
x Where is she coming from?
v Where does she come from?
x Are you liking Coke?
v Do you like Coke?
x Who do you speak to on the telephone?
v Who are you speaking to on the telephone?
x I read a good book at the moment.
v I'm reading a good book at the moment.
263
Unit 8
40. Оборот would like (to do) sth
“Would you like ... ?” является вежливой формой
предложения чеголибо или приглашения к чемулибо.
“Would you like some coffee?”
“Yes, please. / Yes, I’d love some.”
“Would you like to go for a walk?”
“Yes, I would. / No, thank you.”
Обратите внимание, что при отказе от приглашения никогда
не употребляется форма No, I wouldn’t, поскольку она считается
невежливой.
I’d like используется для выражения предпочтений:
(in a restaurant) I’d like fish, please. Мне бы хотелось
рыбы.
I’d like to see the film on TV this evening. Сегодня
вечером я бы хотел посмотреть фильм по телевизору.
264
Don’t go too fast, please.
Don’t turn off the lights, please.
Вспомогательный глагол на русский язык не переводится.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения от глагола to
be также образуется с помощью отрицательной формы глагола to
do:
Don’t be so upset, please.
Unit 9
44. Вопросы к подлежащему
Вопросы к подлежащему образуются при помощи
вопросительных местоимений who, whose, what, which. Whom
являются формой объектного падежа местоимения who и
используются в вопросах к дополнению.
I know him
Who knows him?
(вопрос к подлежащему)
Whom do you know?
(вопрос к дополнению)
266
The man who (that) lives next door is very friendly.
Jim is wearing a hat which (that) is too big for him.
В тех придаточных предложениях, где есть своё подлежащее,
союзное слово можно опустить:
The film (that) I’m watching is dull.
267
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Для выражения разрешения употребляется также глагол may,
но предложения с глаголом may носят более официальный
характер:
You may come in.
вежливой просьбы:
“Can you do it for me?” / “Can you do me a favour?”
“Yes, I think I can. / Certainly I can.”
“No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, I’m sorry I can’t.”
Unit 10
48. Модальное выражение “have to”
have + to + infinitive
has
(+) I have
We to get up
() You don't have early.
They
(+) He has
She to get up
() It doesn't have early.
Do I
we
you have to get up
(?) they
Does he early?
she
it
Короткий ответ:
“Do you have to wear a tie at work?” “Yes, I do.”
“Does he have to leave now?” “No, he doesn’t.”
Модальное выражение have to / has to выражает
необходимость выполнения действия в зависимости от
обстоятельств:
She has to wash her clothes.
The doctor says you have to do more exercises.
268
Don’t / doesn’t have to обозначает отсутствие необходимости:
Robert doesn’t have to go to the lecture today.
Unit 11
I
единственное число He + was + …
She
It
We
множественное число You + were + …
They
269
Was в Past Simple соответствует русским глаголам был,
была, а were – были.
(+) My grandfather was sick last Sunday.
() Keith and Mary were not busy yesterday.
Unit 12
52. Оборот going to do sth (собираться что?то сделать)
am
is + going + infinitive
are
270
(+) I’m (am)
() ’m not
(+) He’s (is)
() She isn’t
going to do it.
It is / isn’t
(+) We ’re (are)
() You aren’t
They are / aren’t
Are you
(?) Is he / she / it going to do it?
Are we / you / they
am I
(?) When is he / she / it going to do it?
are we / you / they
Короткий ответ:
“Are they going to move to New York?”
“Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.”
Оборот going to используется говорящим после принятия
решения
а) для обозначения запланированного действия:
She isn’t going to have a birthday party. Она не собирается
устраивать день рождения.
How long are they going to stay in Rome? Как долго они
пробудут в Риме?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
1. В плане выражения намерения на ближайщее будущее going
to используется более широко, чем Present Continuous.
Сравните:
I’m going to sell the car. (Предварительной договоренности
нет.)
I’m selling the car. (Покупатель найден.)
2. Для обозначения будущего также используется Present Simple
с обстоятельством времени, когда речь идет о событии, которое
не всегда имеет отношение к говорящему, а скорее обусловлено
программой или расписанием:
271
The plane for London lands at 9.30.
Our new shop opens next week.
3. Для обозначения вероятности свершения в будущем
соответствующего действия или события:
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
You work so hard. You’re going to be rich and successful.
272
Tom is smiling because he’s happy.
(Здесь важна причина, и на нее ставится акцент во второй
части предложения.)
As it’s raining again, we have to stay home.
(Предложение начинается с сообщения причины, которая
не является новостью для собеседников.)
г) Уступительные придаточные предложения указывают на
обстоятельство, вопреки которому совершается действие
главного предложения. Они соединяются с главным предло-
жением союзами though, although (хотя).
Although my car is old, it still runs very well.
SELF?STUDY
Answers and transcripts
UNIT 1
Test 1 Answers
1.
1. am; am. 2. are; aren’t; is; is. 3. am; is; are ; aren’t; are.
2.
1. a thin pencil 6. a full cup
2. that nice man 7. bad coffee
3. a thick notebook 8. cold CocaCola
4. this empty flat 9. that big map
5. a good film 10. an old friend
4.
Good morning!
My name’s Andrei. I’m Russian and I’m from Moscow. This is
my new friend. His name’s Phil. He’s American and he’s from
New York.
We’re pleased to meet Phil. He’s a nice and polite man, and his
Russian is very good.
Goodbye! Have a nice day!
UNIT 2
Task 19. Cultural Quiz Answers
1. No, it isn’t. It’s in Los Angeles and Paris.
2. Yes, it is.
3. No, they aren’t. President Reagan and his wife Nancy are actors
by profession.
4. No, it isn’t. It’s American.
5. Yes, it is.
6. No, they aren’t. They are brother and sister.
7. Yes, he is.
274
Test 2 Answers
1.
1. this 3. these 5. these 7. those 9. those 11. those
2. these 4. this 6. these 8. that 10. that 12. those
2.
1. his 2. their 3. our 4. its 5. your
3.
1. from 2. on 3. of 4. for 5. in 6. of 7. of 8. at
in for at on
at near
4.
A. Excuse me, what’s your surname?
B. Nelson, Robert Nelson.
A. Are you from Hollywood?
B. No, we’re from London. We’re doctors. Our group is here
for the conference. Meet my friend John Archer, he’s a
dentist.
A. Pleased to meet you. My name’s Lucy Palmer. Where’s
your hotel?
B. It’s in the centre of the city, in a very nice place, near the
park.
A. Oh, here’s a taxi. Is it for you? Good luck!
UNIT 3
Test 3 Answers
1.
1. a 3. the 5. the 7. (a) 9. the
2. / 4. a 6. a 8. the 10. a/the/the
2.
1. him 2. me 3. it 4. her 5. us 6. it 7. them 8. them / me
275
3.
happy small good great difficult easy yellow new
4.
1. “Listen to Paul, he’s ready to speak.” “Let him start.”
2. “How about going to a football match?” “I’m sorry but
that isn’t interesting to me. What’s on at the cinema?” “A new
Hollywood film.” “Let’s go to the cinema.” “Yes, O.K.”
3. “The children in their family are very friendly, aren’t
they?” “Right, look at their happy faces.”
4. “Kurt is at the London Language School.” “His friends are
English, aren’t they? “No, they aren’t. They are from
different places.”
5. Let Ronald take a camera and show us round the city.
6. English isn’t very difficult, but it’s not easy to understand
English people.
7. “Alice is not married, is she?” “But she is, and that is not a
secret.”
UNIT 4
Task 12. “How is life?” Transcript
276
Task 13. Cultural Quiz Answers
Test 4 Answers
1.
1. Ted’s job 4. the children’s 7 a box of matches
2. a cup of tea school 8. the door of a car
3. our friends’ 5. Maria’s English 9. Pat’s girlfriend
house 6. the name of their
home town
2.
1. Have you got a passport?
2. Has Carol got any boyfriend?
3. Has your brother got a car or a bicycle?
4. Have Mr. and Mrs. Lewis got any children?
5. Has Ann got black hair?
6. Have you got any money?
7. Have your parents got a large family?
3.
1. some 3. any some 5. any some
2. any 4. some none 6. none some
4.
1. Most students of our group are single.
2. The brothers are wellbuilt but they have different
figures.
3. Moscow is an old city. It has parks, beautiful streets and
shops.
4. Has your sister’s husband got curly or straight hair?
5. “Have they got any children?” “Yes, they’ve got a little
daughter. She’s very quiet.”
6. My friend is tall, goodlooking, he has got a straight nose
and brown eyes.
7. The Browns have got a large house in the suburbs, haven’t
they? “Yes, and it’s a problem for them.”
277
UNIT 5
Task 13. “Marchmain Castle” Transcript
Mrs. Smith: Oh, it’s very nice! You’ve got some beautiful
pictures.
Lady Marchmain: Yes…there are three paintings by Constable
over there, and two Rembrandts on this wall.
Mrs. Smith: It’s a very big house. How many bedrooms are
there?
Lady Marchmain: There are eighteen bedrooms.
Mrs. Smith: And how many bathrooms?
Lady Marchmain: There are two bathrooms.
Mrs. Smith: Oh! There aren’t very many! We’ve got two
bathrooms in our house, and we’ve only got
three bedrooms!
Lady Marchmain: Yes…well, it’s a very old house.
278
Mrs. Smith: Oh! What’s that?
Lady Marchmain: Where?
Mrs. Smith: Over there…in the chair! It’s a dead body!
Lady Marchmain: No, it isn’t. That’s my husband, Lord
Marchmain. He’s asleep.
Mrs. Smith: Oh, I am sorry. Well, thank you, Lady
Marchmain. Er…We’re from
Manchester. If you’re there, come
and see our house!
Lady Marchmain: Thank you. That’s 13.
Mrs. Smith: Pardon?
Lady Marchmain: 13 for the tickets.
Test 5 Answers
1.
1. many 2. few 3. many 4. few 5. a lot of 6. a few 7. few
2. at on for of in
4.
1. “Excuse me, is there a restaurant near here?” “Yes,
there’s one. It’s opposite the bus stop.”
2. How many photos are there in this album?” “Quite a lot,
and all of them are famous people’s photos.”
3. There’s a book shop in front of that high hotel.
4. I’m in this neighbourhood for the first time. Is there any
bus from here?
5. “How many pages are there in the dictionary?” “1528.”
6. There’s a list of names on the board. Is your name on the
list, too?
7. “Where’s the chemist’s?” “It’s between the bank and the
post office.”
279
UNIT 6
Task 22. “A longdistance telephone call” Transcript
Conversation 1
A. Hi, Mary. This is Chris. I’m calling from Chicago.
B. From Chicago? What are doing in Chicago?
A. I’m on vacation. How’s the weather in Chicago? Is it sunny?
B. No, it isn’t. It’s cloudy.
A. Is it hot?
B. No, it’s very cold.
A. Are you having a good time?
B. No, I’m not. I’m having a horrible time because the weath-
er is so terrible.
A. Too bad, I’m sorry to hear that.
Conversation 2
A. Hi, Tom. This is Janet. I’m calling from Los Angeles.
B. From Los Angeles? What are you doing in L.A.?
A. I’m on vacation.
B. How’s the weather there? Is it cloudy?
A. No, it isn’t. It’s sunny.
B. Is it hot?
A. Yes, very.
B. Are you having a good time?
A. No, I’m not, I’m having a terrible time. The weather here
is too hot.
B. I’m sorry to hear that.
Test 6 Answers
1.
1. on 4. at 7. on 10. at 13. in
2. in 5. on 8. in 11. at 14. in
3. at 6. on 9. at 12. on 15. in
2.
1. on 2. at 3. in 4. in 5. in 6. on 7. in
280
3.
1. What are they doing?
2. What is your wife doing?
3. What are you doing?
4. What is the teacher doing?
5. Where are you going?
6. Where are those children going?
7. Where is the man on the bicycle going?
8. Where is the girl with long hair going?
4.
1. is doing / is
2. have
3. are looking / am looking
4. is / is studying
5. call / is not working
6. are going / are talking
5.
1. The garden is beautiful in spring. What is it like in winter?
2. Talk to Sandra. She’s in the kitchen. She’s cooking dinner.
3. “Where are the Jones? They are away on holiday. They are
having a lovely time at the seaside.”
4. “What’s the weather like in September in Russia?” “It’s
warm at the beginning of the month and it’s cool at the
end of September.”
5. Let’s meet at 4 in the afternoon next Thursday.
6. “Is Laura busy?” “Yes, she is. She’s sitting at the desk and
reading a newspaper.”
7. “What’s on TV now?” “They’re showing a favourite film of
yours – “My fair lady.”
281
UNIT 7
Task 23. “A job in the paper” Transcript
Part 1
Roy: Hello, is that Keith?
Keith: Yes, speaking.
Roy: I’m phoning about the job in the paper – about
summer work.
Keith: Oh yes, right. Are you a student?
Roy: Yes, I’m at university here in York. I’m studying
French and drama.
Keith: So you know York quite well, do you? How old are
you?
Roy: I’m nearly 22. How old are the students at the school?
Keith: In the summer they’re between 17 and about 25. Do
you speak any languages?
Roy: Well, French, of course and some German.
Keith: And do you play any sports? Sports are quite an
important part of the job, really.
Roy: Well, football and tennis.
Keith: Do you play any musical instruments?
Roy: I play the guitar – if that’s any use.
Keith: Very, because we have musical evenings. By the
way, have you got a car?
Roy: No, but I have a driving licence.
Keith: We need a person to drive the minibus when we go
on trips.
Part 2
Roy: No problem. What are the hours?
Keith: From 3 in the afternoon to 11 or even midnight.
Roy: What about weekends?
Keith: Saturday, yes, but you get Tuesday off.
Roy: When does the job start?
Keith: From the 1st June until the end of September.
Roy: O.K., thanks very much. Er… one last thing – the
salary.
Keith: Ah, yes – around £ 1,500 a month.
Roy: Thanks very much. Bye.
282
Test 7 Answers
1.
1. yours mine 2. my mine 3. their 4. their ours
2.
1. How old are you?
2. What colour is the door?
3. What size are these shoes?
4. What day is it today?
5. What size is your suit?
6. Whose are these trousers?
7. What make is the car?
3.
1. Does she have 5. Do they live
2. Is he 6. works
3. like 7. travels
4. does not play 8. does not walk
4.
1. Where do you live?
2. How often do you watch TV?
3. Where do you have lunch?
4. What time do you get up?
5. How often do you go to the cinema?
6. When do you read newspapers?
5.
1. tell 2. say 3. tell 4. say 5. tells 6. tell 7. say 8. tell
6.
1. Stefano is Italian. Does he speak English?
2. We want to have dinner at home today. Prepare some fish
for us, please.
3. “What time do classes at university start?” “They usually
start at 9 o’clock in the morning.”
4. In the photo your sister’s having a nice dress on. Does she
wear it at work?
283
5. “How often do you leave the child with your parents?”
“Every weekend.”
6. “Is he at the doctor’s now?” “No, he’s in hospital.”
7. “A new film is on at our local today.” “Do you often go
out?” “Once a week.”
UNIT 8
Task 11. “What do they call it?” Transcript
284
Test 8 Answers
1.
1. many 3. much 5. little 7. little
2. much 4. many / many 6. few. 8. few
2.
1. have 4. Does Sharon ever have
2. have got 5. having / having
3. have got 6. to have
3.
1. How many kinds of buses are there in London?
2. How often do they practise sports?
3. What do you say to your friends when they leave?
4. What does your niece never forget to do?
5. How do Muscovites usually travel?
6. How much does Tom sleep? When does he normally go to
bed and what time does he get up?
4.
1. What are you watching on TV?
2. Whom does Mr. Green always help about the house?
3. What would he like for lunch?
4. What do you never fix?
5. Whom are they feeding?
6. What do you seldom wash in your flat?
5.
1. Whom do you practise English with?
2. Whom do the Gables go on holiday with?
3. What is John phoning for?
4. What is she speaking about?
5. What does your grandfather tell you about?
6. What do students often listen to on the radio?
6.
1. The dentist says I eat too much sweet (food).
2. “What does their son want to be?” “A pianist.”
285
3. “I’ve got some money on me. How many packets of
cigarettes would you like to buy?” “I need a few.”
“You smoke too much.”
4. “Is there much snow in the streets in winter?”
“Yes, quite a lot.”
5. She’d like to take some photos of the National Museum but
she’s got little time.
6. Most children like milk and drink a lot of it.
7. Henry’d like to order some ham sandwiches and two pots
of tea.
UNIT 9
Task 18. “Sports around the world” Transcript
Test 9 Answers
1.
1. that / who 2. which / that 3. that / who 4. that / which
5. that / which 6. that / who
286
2.
1. Who smokes Marlboro? What cigarettes does your brother
smoke?
2. What sandwich do you always have for breakfast?
3. Who sometimes has tomato soup for lunch? What soup do
you sometimes have for lunch?
4. Who is wearing a quartz watch? What watch is Clark
wearing?
5. Which of them has a video camera?What does none of
them have?
4.
1. “What do you do in your free time?” “I play the guitar.” “I
know you’re interested in chess, aren’t you?” “Yes, indeed.
Playing the guitar and playing chess are my hobbies.”
2. “Do you like skating?” “I hate it.” “Really? As for me, I
dis like skiing.”
3. “Alice is such a slow driver.” “Right.
She can’t drive at all.”
4. “I think Oliver can cook well. What do you think?”
“I think so too. And he can cook quickly.”
5. It’s strange that the boss and the secretary dislike each
other.”
6. I don’t understand how to use this taperecorder.
Can you give me some instructions, please?
UNIT 10
Task 17 (b). “Departure” Transcript
Conversation 1
A.: Good morning. Can I help you?
B.: Good morning. I’d like a ticket to Newcastle, please.
A.: Single or return?
B.: Return, please. I’m coming back tonight. What platform
does the train leave from?
A.: Platform eight.
B.: What time does it leave?
A.: Nine fifteen and it arrives in Newcastle at ten thirty. Here’s
your ticket.
287
Conversation 2
A.: Can I see your passport and ticket, please?
B.: Yes, here you are. Is the flight on time?
A.: No, I’m sorry. There’s a halfhour delay.
B.: Oh, dear. Do I have to change planes in Frankfurt?
A.: No, you stay on the same plane.
Test 10 Answers
1.
1. have to write 4. have to stop
2. don’t have to buy 5. have to work
3. doesn’t have to wear 6. has to travel
2.
a ticket inspector the Eurostar service Britain, France and Bel-
gium a week a house The house to work by bicycle
3.
1. don’t 4. don’t / is 7. is
2. are 5. do doesn’t
3. does 6. doesn’t
4. in in with at on at after by at to at
in after about at
5.
1. the university 5. in hospital / to the hospital
2. college 6. to church
3. to the school 7. the church
4. to university 8. school / at the hospital
6.
1. Switch off the radio. We’re not listening to it.
2. How often do you have to brush your shoes?
3. “Where are you, Roy?” “I’m in the living room and I’m
doing morning exercises.” “That’s strange, you usually jog
in the mornings.”
288
4. What language are they speaking? I can’t understand them.
5. It takes her seven minutes to walk from home to the
university.
6. In his new job he often has to get up early and drive to
Vnukovo Airport. I’m sorry for him.
UNIT 11
Task 10. History Quiz Answers
1. in 1961 4. a dinosaur
2. about 200 years ago 5. in Atlanta
3. in Italy about 2,700 years ago
289
Test 11 Answers
1.
1. do 2. can 3. doesn’t 4. can 5. has 6. isn’t
2.
1. does he? 4. wasn’t it?
2. can’t she? 5. isn’t it?
3. is it? 6. can’t he?
3.
1. Is there any chalk at the blackboard?
No, there isn’t any chalk.
There’s no chalk at the blackboard.
2. Is Ben writing any letter?
No, he isn’t writing any letter.
He’s writing no letter.
3. Does their son speak any foreign language?
No, he doesn’t speak any foreign language.
He speaks no foreign language.
4. Does it take Liz any time to do her homework?
No, it doesn’t take her any time to do her homework.
It takes Liz no time to do her homework.
5. Would she like to listen to any new cassette?
No, she wouldn’t like to listen to any new cassette.
She would like to listen to no new cassette.
6. Can you see any taxis in the street?
No, we can’t see any taxis in the street.
We can see no taxis in the street.
4.
1. at 2. on 3. to 4. in 5. of 6. from 7. in
290
5.
1. “Were there any letters for me last week?” None. Do you
miss your parents?” “Of course I do.”
2. “When the children were small, they were often ill.
By the way, where are they now?” “I don’t know.
They were near the house in the morning.”
3. “You’re sitting in my place!” “I’m sorry.
You were absent yesterday, weren’t you?”
4. You’re wearing beautiful shoes. Were they expensive?
5. “Were there lots of people at the meeting?”
“No, there were very few.” “We have to organize a new
meeting and speak in front of our colleagues.”
6. “Was Tom good at chemistry when at school?”
“Yes, he was always interested in this subject.”
UNIT 12
Task 18. “Karaoke and tango” Transcript
291
Q: And where do they dance tango?
Ph: In concert halls or theatres, or maybe small bars.
Q: And who dances tango?
Ph: Well, in the theatre they’re mostly professional
dancers, although in dance halls and bars, people try
to dance the tango if the music is right.
Q: And what is the music they use to dance to?
Ph: Well, tango is both the dance and the music. You
dance the tango to music specially written for it.
They use the violin and the accordion quite a lot for it.
Q: And why do you think people enjoy it?
Ph: Well, it’s full of life, it’s great fun.
Q: Can you dance it?
Ph: Yes, not very well, but I try.
292
Test 12 Answers
1.
1. is having 5. is flying
2. is taking 6. leaves
3. finishes 7. are having
4. are getting married 8. is seeing
2.
1. A: She’s going to make a speech next month.
B: Where’s she going to make a speech?
A: On TV.
2. A: I’m going to watch a video this evening.
B: Which video are you going to watch?
A: “Summer Holiday.”
3. A: They are going to buy a new car tomorrow.
B: Which car are they going to buy?
A: A Toyota, I think.
4. A: He’s going to study Japanese at university.
B: Why is he going to study Japanese?
A: He wants to go and teach in Japan.
5. A: We are going to travel round the world next year.
B: Which countries are you going to visit?
A: The USA, Australia and Indonesia.
6. A: I’m going away for the weekend.
B: Where are you going to spend it?
A: Out of town.
293
4.
1. You’re going to do as I tell you.
2. “What are you doing tonight?” “We’re going to the
concert.”
3. I’m meeting them at the railway station tomorrow morning.
4. Steve is going to fix his car this afternoon.
5. “When is your daughter going away on holiday?”
“Next week. She’s leaving for Florida.”
6. The inspector is going to ask you a few questions.
What are you going to tell him?
5.
1. while 6. who
2. as 7. as
3. that 8. because
4. where 9. though
5. when
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Abbreviations
n. – noun существительное; v. – verb глагол; phr. v. – phrasal verb
фразовый глагол; adj. adjective прилагательное; adv. adverb
наречие; attr. – attribute определение; pl. plural множественное
число; pers. рrоn. – personal pronoun личное местоимение; poss. pron.
– possessive pronoun притяжательное местоимение; conj. – conjunc-
tion союз; num. – numeral числительное; prep. – preposition предлог.
295
airport [eqpL t] n. аэропорт April [eIprIl] n. апрель
album [xlbqm] n. альбом arm [Rm] n. рука
all [L l] pron. все, всё at ~ вообще, armchair [a:mtʃeq] n. кресло с
совсем: I sometimes don’t have подлокотниками
lunch at all. around [qraVnd] prep. вокруг,
all right [LlraIt] adj., adv. 1) повсюду: I’d like to travel
приемлемый, в удовлетвори- around the world. | Let’s go
тельном состоянии: His work around the town, not through
is all right but he can be faster; it. ~ the corner за углом
2) в ответ на предложение или arrive [qraIv] v. прибывать: The
план: “Come tomorrow!” “All plane arrives in London at 4
right! What time?” o’clock.
also [LlsqV] adv. тоже, также: artist [RtIst] n. художник
The weather was not only cold, as [qz; strong xz] adv. как: such
but also wet. countries as Spain такие
always [LlwIz] adv. всегда: The страны как Испания. | I’m as
job is interesting but not always tall as he.
easy. ask [Rsk] v. спрашивать: May I
America [qmerIkq] n. Америка ask you a favour?
American [qmerIkqn] n. амери- asleep [qsli:p] adj. спать; see also
канец, adj. американский; ~ go to sleep
English американский вари- assistant [qsIstqnt] n. помощник,
ант aнглийского языка ассистент
anatomy [qnxtqmI] n. анатомия astrologer [qstrOlqq] n. астролог
angry [aNgrI] adj. сердитый astrology [qstrOlqi] n. астро-
answer [Rnsq] n. ответ: There’re логия
no easy answers to the problem at [qt; strong xt] prep. указ. на
of unemployment. точку в пространстве или опр.
answer v. отвечать: The President момент времени: ~ the end; ~
is going to answer the repor- the top | He’s standing at the
ters’ questions. bus stop. | at 9 o’clock | I’m busy
any [enI] pron. любой: They are at the moment. | It sometimes
all free – take any you like. snows at Christmas. | Look at
apartment [qpRtm qnt] n. ком- this! | She never smokes at work.
ната, (US) квартира | There was a ladder at the back
apple [xpl] n. яблоко; ~ juice n. of the house.
яблочный сок athlete [xTli:t] n. атлет
April [eIprIl] n. апрель athletic [xTletIk] adj. атлетиче-
Arabic [xrqbIk] n. арабский язык ского телосложения
296
away [qw eI] adj. выражает уда- basketball [bRskitbLl] n. баскетбол
ление от чегол.: Go away! bathroom [bR TrHm] n. ванная
They’re away on holiday. (комната)
(Сравн. They’re out for lunch.) BBC [bibi si] n. the British
awful [Lfql] adj. страшный, ужа- Broadcasting Corporation: She
сный: What awful weather! | I’ve works for the BBC. | It’s on BBC
got an awful lot of work to do. tonight. (Сравн. ITV)
August [Lgqst] n. август be [bi:] v. быть, находиться: The
chidren must be in bed by 10
aunt [Rnt] n. тетя
o’clock.
Australia [PstreIlIq] n. Австралия
beach [b
tʃ] n. пляж: Sit on the
Australian [PstrqIlIqn] n.
beach and eat your sandwiches!
австралиец, adj. австралийский
beautiful [bju:tifql] adj. прекра-
autumn [Ltəm] n. осень сный: The film was really beau-
tiful (very good).
because [bi kPz] соnj. потому что, по
причине: I do it because I like it.
В, b bed [bed] n. кровать; go to bed –
ложиться спать: She always
back [bxk] n. спина: She is carry- goes to bed at 11 o’clock.
ing the baby on her back. bedroom [bedru:m] n. спальня
bacon [beIkqn] n. бекон: We often beef [bi:f] n. говядина
have bacon and eggs for break- beer [bIq] n. пиво
fast. before [bi fL] prep. до: I usually
bad [bxd] adj. плохой: Smoking is take a bath before having my
bad for your health. breakfast.
badly [bdli] adv. плохо: The beginning [bIgInIN] n. начало: at
the ~ of the month
team play badly.
behind [bihaInd] prep. позади:
bag [bg] n. сумка
He’s always behind his friends
balcony [blkqnI] n. балкон
in mathematics.
banana [bqnnq] n. банан
below [bi lqV] adv. внизу: I live on
band [bxnd] n. группа, отряд, the first floor; she lives on the
банда, оркестр; jazz ~ floor below.
джазоркестр best [best] adj. (превосх. степень
bank [bxNk] n. банк от good лучший): What’s the
bar [bR] n. бар best way to get there?
baseball [beIsbLl] n. бейсбол: between [bi twi:n] prep. между: I
Baseball is the national game of hope nothing ever comes bet-
the USA. ween us.
297
bicycle [baIsIkql] n. also cycle, bike boy [bOI] n. мальчик
– велосипед: She goes to work bread [bred] n. хлеб: The children
on her bicycle / by bicycle. are eating bread and butter.
big [bIg] adj. большой, больше briefcase [bri:fkeIs] n. кейс
среднего размера: a big box | briefing [brifi] n. инструктаж,
How big is it? | I don’t want a брифинг
little piece of cake – I want a big bring [brIN] v. приносить, приво-
one. зить: Can you bring me back if I
bikini [bIkJnI] n. женский go with you in your car?
купальный костюм Britain [brIt(q)n] n. Англия, Бри-
bill [bil] n. денежный счет тания, (also Great ~) Велико-
bird [bE: d] n. птица британия
birthday [bE:θdei] n. день рожде- British [brItIS] n. the ~ англичане,
ния: my 21st birthday | a birth- британцы; adj. британский
day party | Happy birthday to brother [brADO] n. брат
you! brown [braVn] adj. коричневый
biscuit [bIskIt] n. cyxoe печенье, building [bIldIN] n. здание
галета bus [bAs] n. автобус
black [blk] adj. чёрный business [bIznIs] n. дело: I’m here
blond(e) [ blPnd] n. блондин, adj. on business.
белокурый, светлый businessman [bIznIsmqn] n. биз-
board [bLd] n. доска: Write the несмен
sentence on the board. busy [bIzI] adj. занятой, несво-
booking [bVkIN] n. продажа биле- бодный: a busy day | I’m sorry,
тов; ~ clerk n. кассир; ~ office n. the line is busy.
билетная касса: We buy tickets but [bqt; strong bAt] conj. 1) но:
at the booking office from the It’s expensive, but it goes quite
booking clerk. well; 2) кроме: There’s no one
bookshop [bVkSPp] n. книжный here but me.
магазин butter [bAtq] n. сливочное масло
boot [bu:t] n. ботинок buy [baI] v. покупать: Let me buy
boring [bLrIN] adj. скучный, a drink for you.
надоедливый: The lecture was
boring.
boss [bPs] n. хозяин, предприни- С, с
матель
both [bqVT] pron. оба: Both her cafe´ [kfei] n. кафе
parents are doctors. cake [keIk] n. торт, кекс
bottle [bPtl] n. бутылка calculator [kxlkjV,leItq] n. каль-
box [bPks] n. коробка кулятор
298
call [kLl] n. телефонный вызов: I weather. 2) сдача: “Do you have
have a few calls to make. change for a $10 bill?” “Here is
call v. звать: Mother is calling your change.”
me. change v. (at) сделать пересадку:
call back phr.v. перезвонить: Can To get to Manchester, you have
you call me back later? to change (trains) at Birmin-
camera [km qrq] n. фотоаппарат gham.
camping [kxmpIN] n. туристский channel [
n(q)l] n. пролив,
лагерь канал; the English ~ ЛаМанш
can [kxn] v. мочь, уметь: Can it check in [Cek] phr. v. (at hotel)
be true? зарегистрироваться
canteen [kn ti:n] n. столовая, cheese [
i:z] n. сыр
буфет на предприятии, в учре- chemist [kem ist] n. химик
ждении chess [Ces] n. шахматы
capital [kxpItql] n. столица, child [CaIld] n. ребенок; pl. chil-
столичный: What is the capital dren
of Great Britain? childhood [CaIldhVd] n. детство
саr [kR ] n. автомобиль China [CaInq] n. Китай
card [kd] n. карта, карточка: Chinese [Cai ni:z] n. китаец,
Let me give you my business ки тайский язык; adj.
card. | They are having a game китайский
of cards. chocolate [CPklIt] n. шоколад
carpet [kpit] n. ковер: I’d like to church [CE:tS] n. церковь
buy a new carpet for the dining cigarette [,sigqret] n. сигарета
room. cinema [sInImq] n. кинотеатр
carry [kri] v. носить: I carry my city [sItI] n. большой город
books in a strong paper bag. class [kls] n. класс: There are 10
carton [kRt(q)n] n. картонка, students in Gary’s class.
блок classical [klsik(q)l] adj.
case [keIs] n. случай, обстоятель- классический
ство, дело clean [kl
n] adj. чистый,
cat [kx t] n. кошка незапятнанный: These plates
centre [sqntq] n. центр aren’t clean.
certainly [sE:tnli] adv. конечно: clerk [klk] n. клерк, служащий
He certainly works very hard. clock [klɔk] n. часы
chair [Ceq] n. стул close [klqVz] v. закрывать
champagne [ʃm pein] n. clothes [klqVDz] n. одежда
шампанское club [klAb] n. клуб
change [CeInG] n. l) изменение, cloudy [klaVdI] adj. облачный
перемена: a change in the coat [kqVt] n. пальто
299
coffee [kOfI] n. кофе cook [kVk] v. готовить пищу, под-
coke [kqVk] n. CocaCola вергая ее действию тепла: How
cold [kqVld] adj. холодный long does this meat take to cook?
colleague [kɔli:g] n. коллега, cook n. повар, стряпуха
cooker [kVkq] n. плита, печь
сослуживец
cool [ku:l] adj. прохладный
collect [kə lekt] v. коллекцио-
corner [kO:nq] n. угол: There is a
нировать, собирать: John col- telephone at the corner of the
lects foreign coins. | Collect the street.
books and put them on my desk. correct [kqrekt] adj. верный,
college [kɔli] n. колледж безошибочный
colour [kAlq] n. цвет cottage [kPtIG] n. коттедж
comb [kqVm] n. расческа country [kAntrI] n. 1) страна:
come [kAm] v. приходить, приез- Mexico is a country to the south
жать: My parents are coming of the United States; 2) дерев-
for dinner with us. ня, сельская местность: Не has
come in phr. v. войти: When he’s a house in the country.
late, the teacher tells him to course [kɔs] n. 1) курс: Не teaches
a course in French at college; 2)
come in.
блюдо: You can have steak or
composer [kqmpqVzq] n.
roast beef for the second course.
композитор | of ~ конечно
computer [kqmpju:tq] n. court [kɔ:t] n. корт
компьютер cousin [kAz(q)n] n. кузен, двою-
concert [kPnsqt] n. концерт родный брат, кузина: I’ve got
conductor [kqndAktq] n. a letter from Cousin Charles.
кондуктор, дирижер cream [kri:m] n. сливки: I like
conference [kPnfqrqns] n. fruit with cream.
конференция cricket [krIkIt] n. крикет
consultation [,kPnsqlteISqn] n. кон- crisp [krIsp] n. жареная карто
сультация фельная стружка; pl. хрустящий
continent [kPntInqnt] n. конти- картофель
cross [krPs] v. пересечь, перейти:
нент
Don’t cross the street without
continue [kqntInju:] v. продо-
looking if there’s any car com-
лжать: The wet weather contin- ing.
ues cry [kraI] v. плакать: The baby is
convenient [kqnvi::nIqnt] adj. crying for milk.
удобный, подходящий: I’m cup [kAp] n. чашка
afraid this isn’t a very conve- cupboard [kAbqd] n. посудный
nient moment to see you. шкаф
300
curious [kjuqrIqs] adj. любопыт- disco [dIskqV] n. = discotheque
ный, любознательный: I’m [dIskq,tek] дискотека, танцы
curious to know what he says. под магнитофон
curly [kE:lI] adj. кудрявый discussion [dIskAS(q)n] n.
обсуждение, дискуссия
dish [dIS] n. блюдо, тарелка: a
D, d vegetable dish | Can I wash all
these dirty dishes?
dislike [dIslaIk] v. не любить: I
dangerous [deInqrqs] adj.
dislike getting up early.
опасный, рискованный: It’s
display [dIspleI] n. показ, прояв-
dangerous to walk on the rail-
ление, дисплей: The goods were
way track.
on display in the shop windows.
dark [dk] adj. тёмный: In the distance [dIstqns] n. расстояние:
winter it gets dark early. What is the distance between
daughter [dO:tq] n. дочь London and Glasgow?
day [dei] n. день: Have a nice day! do [du:] v. делать: We do every-
~ off выходной thing we can to help him. | What
December [disembq] n. декабрь do you do for a living? | He’s
delegation [,delIgeISqn] n. делега- doing his homework.
ция doctor [dPktq ] n. доктор, врач
dentist [dentIst] n. зубной врач document [dPkjVmqnt] n. доку-
department [dIpa:tmqnt] n. депар- мент
тамент, отдел, ведомство; dog [dPg] n. собака
~ store универмаг door [dO:] n. дверь
design [dIzaIn] n. дизайн drama [dra:m ə] n. драма
dress [dres] n. платье: She is wear-
desk [desk] n. парта
ing a green dress.
dessert [dIzE:t] n. десерт
drink [drINk] v. пить: Не doesn’t
detective [dItektIv] n. сыщик
smoke or drink. | Drink your tea
dictionary [dIkSqnqrI] n. словарь
before it gets cold.
diet [daIqt] n. диета: She’s on a
drink n. питье, напиток, спирт-
diet. ной напиток: Would you like a
different [dIfrqnt] adj. иной, drink of water? | Have another
другой, отличный drink! | There’s no drink in the
difficult [dIfIkqlt] adj. трудный house.
dinner [dInq] n. обед drive [draIv] v. водить: I’m learn-
director [dIrektq] n. директор ing to drive. | Can you drive me
dirty [dE:tI] adj. грязный to the station?
301
driver [ draIvq] n. водитель else [els] adv. еще, кроме: I’m
dull [dAl] adj. скучный, sorry. What else can I say? Who
неинтересный: a dull lecture else wants to look at this book?
duty [dju:tI] n. 1) долг, обязан- empty [emptI] adj. пустой
ность: Who’s on duty today? 2) end [end] n. конец
пошлина, сбор: ~ free беспош- energetic [,enqetIk] adj. энерги-
линный чный: an energetic tennis play-
er
engineer [,eni niq] n. инженер
English [INglIS] n. английский
E, e язык: He speaks English. adj.
английский: an English tea-
each other also one another pron. cher.
друг другу: They often tell each especially [IspeS(q)lI] adj. особен-
other about their families. но, специально: I especially
early [E:li] adv. рано: Не always like chocolate.
arrives early. evening [i:vnIN] n. вечер; in the
east [i:st] n. восток: It’s a few kilo- evening вечером
metres to the east of London. every [evrI] pron. каждый: Every
easy [i:zi] adj. легкий: It’s quite time I see him he looks energet-
an easy language to learn. ic.
eat [i:t] v. есть, питаться: Tigers excellent [eksqlqnt] adj. отли-
eat meat. чный
economics [,ekqnPmiks] n. эконо- except [Iksept] prep. кроме,
мика, экономическая наука: исключая: I can take my holi-
She’s studying economics at days at any time except in
college. August.
eight [eIt] num. восемь excuse me [ik skju:z] v. 1) вежли-
eighteen [ei ti:n] num. восемнад- вая форма извинения: Please
цать excuse me for opening your let-
eighth [eIT] num. восьмой ter by mistake; 2) обращение с
eighty [eItI] num. восемьдесят вопросом к незнакомцу: Excu-
either [aIDq] adv. = also также (в se me, does this bus go to the
отриц. предл.) station?
elderly [eldqlI] adj. пожилой exercise [eksqsaIz] n.
elegant [elIgqnt] adj. элегант- упражнение: Mary is doing
ный, изящный physical exercises.
eleven [Ilevqn] num. одиннад- expensive [IkspensIv] adj. доро-
цать гой: Your car looks expensive.
302
express [Ikspres] n. экспресс, fax [fxks] n. факс; ~ machine
курьерский поезд: Is this an факсимильный аппарат
express bus? February [febrVqrI] n. февраль
extra [ekstrq] adj. добавочный, festival [festIv(q)l] n. фестиваль,
дополнительный: American празднество; ~ of music
taxi drivers get a tip of 15% feel [fi:l] v. чувствовать: I feel cold
extra. / warm / happy / hungry, etc.
eye [aI] n. глаз: She has blue eyes. few [fju:] pron. мало, немного:
She has few friends. | Few
understand his theories. | There
F, f are so few that I can’t give you
one.
fact [fxkt] n. факт; in ~ фактиче- a few pron. несколько: Let’s
ски: I don’t like him; in fact I invite a few friends to go out
hate him. with us. | Here are a few stamps
factory [fxktqrI] n. завод, фабрика for your collections.
fall [fO:l] v. падать fifteen [fIfti:n] num. пятнадцать
family [fxm ili] n. семья fifth [fIfT] num. пятый
famous [feim əs] adj. fifty [fIftI] num. пятьдесят
знаменитый: France is famous figure [fIgq] n. фигура: She has a
for its fine food and wine. lovely figure.
fan [fxn] n. болельщик, почи film [fIlm] n. фильм
татель final [faIn(e)l] adj. финальный
fantastic [fn tstik] adj. фанта- find [faInd] v. найти: I can’t find
стический, удивительный: a my books. | Do you think you
fantastic story | You look fan- can find your way home?
tastic! fine [faIn] adj. ясный,
far [fa:] adv., adj. далеко, далё- прекрасный; ~ girl (looks or
кий: How far is it from New character)
York to Miami? finish [fInIS] v. закончить: What
fast [fa:st] adj. быстрый, скорый: time does the concert finish?
This is a fast train to the city – Finland [fInlqnd] n. Финляндия
it doesn’t stop anywhere. Finnish [fInIS] n. финский язык;
fast adv. быстро: She drives very adj. финский
fast. firm [fE:m ] n. фирма
favour [feIvq] n. любезность, first [fE:st] num. первый; adj. ~ of
одолжение: Can you do me a all прежде всего, в первую
favour and turn off the radio? очередь
favourite [feIvqrIt] adj. любимый: fish [fIS] n. рыба
What’s your favourite song? five [faIv] num. пять
303
fix [fIks] v. ремонтировать: Can перед: Park your car in front of
you fix the car engine for me? the house.
flat [flt] n. квартира: Who lives fruit [fru:t] n. фрукты: Can you
in the top flat? buy me some fruit at the mar-
flight [flaIt] n. рейс: Book me on a ket?
morning flight to Paris, please. full [fVl] adj. полный: Is the bag
floor [flO:] n. этаж: Не walks up full? | The bag is full of apples.
the stairs to the sixth floor. fun [fAn] n. веселье, забава,
flower [flaVq] n. цветок потеха; have ~ развлекаться,
fly [flai] v. лететь (самолетом): весело проводить время. The
Are you going by train or are game was no fun. Игра была
you going to fly? совсем неинтересной.
food [fu:d] n. пища, питание; ~ funny [fAnI] adj. смешной
and drink еда и питье
foot [fVt] n. (pl. feet) нога: on foot
пешком: Don’t wait for the bus G, g
– it’s quicker to go on foot.
football [fVtbO:l] n. футбол
gallery [gxlqrI] n. галерея
for [fO:] prep. для, ради: He plays
garage [gxrQ:G] n. гараж
football for the school team.
garden [ga:dn] n. сад
fork [fO:k] n. вилка
gentleman [entlm ən] n. (pl. men)
forty [fO:tI] num. сорок
джентльмен
four [fO:] num. четыре
German [E:mən] n. 1) немец,
fourteen [fO:ti:n] num. четырна-
2) немецкий язык; adj. неме-
дцать
цкий, германский
France [frQ:ns] n. Франция
free [fri:] adj. свободный, воль- Germany [E:məni] n. Германия
ный: You’re free to leave. get [get] v. 1) получать: She gets
French [frentS] n. французский more money than I do. | Can you
язык; the ~ (people) французы; get this book for me from the
adj. французский library? | I always get a head-
Friday [fraIdI] n. пятница ache if I drink too much.
fridge [frIG] also refrigerator n. 2) When does the train get (in)
холодильник to Edinburgh?
friend [frend] n. друг get back phr. v. возвращать(ся):
friendly [frendlI] adj. дружеский, We get back home very late. | I
настроенный мирно want to get my coat back.
from [frPm] prep. из: The train get off phr. v. выходить: You
from London arrives here at have to get off the bus at the
nine o’clock. next stop.
front [frAnt] n. перед, передняя get on phr. v. садиться (в транс-
сторона; in front of впереди, порт): Here is your tram, get on!
304
get up phr. v. вставать, подни- grandparent [grxn,peqrqnt] n.
маться: What time do you nor- дедушка, бабушка
mally get up? great [greIt] adj. великий, зна-
girl [gE:l] n. девочка, девушка менитый: They’re great fri-
girlfriend [gq:lfrend] n. подруга, ends. Они большие друзья.
возлюбленная green [gri:n] adj. зеленый
give [gIv] v. давать: Give me the grey [greI] adj. серый
tickets, please. ground [graVnd] n. земля
glad [gld] adj. рад, доволен: I’m ground floor (BrE) первый этаж:
glad he’s got the job. My office is on the ground floor.
glass [gls] n. стакан group [gru:p] n. группа: There is a
group of policemen waiting at
glasses [glsiz] n. очки: He wears
the corner of the street.
glasses for reading.
guest [gest] n. гость
global [glqub(q)l] adj. всеобщий,
gym [i m] n. гимнастический
глобальный зал
go [gqV] v. идти, ехать: The sum- gymnastics [imnstiks] n. гим-
mer is going fast. | I don’t know настика
where all my money goes (to)! |
We’re going skiing this after-
noon. | This clock doesn’t go. | H, h
We’re going to the country for
Christmas. hair [heq] n. волосы
go away phr. v. уезжать: They want half [hQ:f] n. половина: Don’t do
to go away for their holidays. it by halves. He останавливай-
go out phr. v. проводить время тесь на полпути.
вне дома: She goes out for a hall [hO:l] n. холл
walk three times a day. ham [hxm] n. ветчина
golf [gPlf] n. гольф hand [hx nd] n. рука
good [gVd] adj. хороший: He’s happy [hxpI] adj. счастливый
hate [heIt] v. ненавидеть
good at Frehch. Он силён во
hard [h a:d] adv. усердно, упорно:
французском.
You’re working too hard.
good n. польза: What good is the
have [hqv; strong hxv] v. 1) иметь,
money when you haven’t any обладать: This coat has no pock-
friends? It’s no good. | ~ looking ets.
adj. красивый, хорош собой ~ a break сделать перерыв; ~
grammar [grxmq] n. грамматика dinner обедать; ~ a game of ten-
grandfather [grndDq] n. деду- nis сыграть в теннис; ~ a show-
шка er принять душ; ~ a good time
grandmother [grxnmADq] n. хорошо провести время; 2) в
бабушка сочетании с инфинитивом
305
обозн. долженствование: You holiday [h PlIdI] n. l) нерабочий
have to do what the policeman день: Next Friday is a holiday;
says. | You have to drive on the 2) отпуск, каникулы: We are
right. going to Spain for our
he [hi:] pron. он holiday(s).
hear [hiə] v. слышать: The old
home [hqVm] n. дом; ~ town род-
lady is deaf, she can’t hear very
ной город; ~ work заданный
well.
урок, домашнее задание
heart [ha:t] n. сердце; She has a
hospital [hPspItl] n. больница:
heart of gold. У нее золотое
The children’s hospital is at the
сердце.
heavy [hevI] adj. тяжелый: This end of our street.
bag is too heavy for me to lift. hot [hPt] adj. горячий, жаркий:
help [help] v. помогать: Is there How hot is the water? | It’s very
anything I can do to help? | Can hot in here – can I open the win-
you help me with my home- dow?
work? hotel [hqVtel] n. гостиница, отель
Helsinki [helsINkI] n. Хельсинки house [haVs] n. дом
her [hə; strong hE:] pers. pron. ей, housewife [haVswaIf] n. домохо-
её: Tell her to go away. | I see her зяйка
in the white dress. poss. pron. её: how [haV] adv. как (in questions):
Mary is sitting in her chair. How is your mother? | Can I
here [hiə] adv. здесь: Come here! | remember how to get there?
It’s about two miles from here. hundred [hAndrId] num. сто
hers [hE:z] pron. (абсол. форма) hungry [hANgrI] adj. голодный
её: This is my coat and hers is hurry [hArI] v. торопиться,
over there. спешить: Don’t hurry – we
hi [hai] = hey разг. привет: Hi,
have lots of time. | Don’t hurry
Barbara, how are you?
me, I’m working as fast as I can.
him [hIm] pers. pron. ему, его: Tell
him to come in. | There’s a letter
for him.
his [hiz] poss. pron. его: It was his I, i
first visit to England. абсол.
форма: “Which key is John’s? ice cream [aiskri:m] n. мороженое
Is this one his?” “His is on the idea [aIdIq ] n. идея, мысль: What
table.” a good idea!
history [hIstqrI] n. история if [If] conj. если: If she can’t go,
hobby [hPbI] n. хобби, конёк: One can I go instead?
of her hobbies is collecting ill [Il] adj. больной, нездоровый:
stamps. She’s ill, so she mustn’t come.
306
important [ImpO:t(q)nt] adj. wants to translate it into
важный, веский: He likes to French. | Are you driving into
look important. Он любит the centre of (the) town?
важничать. it [It] pron. он (она, оно), это: Who
in [In] prep. в, внутри: She’s in the is it?
bathroom. | Put the plate in the Italian [ itljqn] n. 1) италь-
cupboard. янский; 2) итальянский язык;
inspector [Inspektq] n. инспектор adj. итальянский
instead [Insted] adv. вместо, вза- Italy [ItqlI] n. Италия
мен: Would you like an orange its [Its] pron. (притяж. форма от
instead of that apple? | Why it) его, ее о предмете, живо-
тном: It’s a nice jug, but its
don’t you help me wash the car
handle is broken.
instead of playing ball?
instrument [Instrqmqnt] n.
инструмент: musical ~
J, j
intelligent [IntelIGqnt] adj.
умный, разумный
jacket [k]ti n. куртка, жакет,
interest [Intrqst] n. интерес, заин-
френч
тересованность: My son is
jam [Gxm] n. варенье, джем
showing an interest in football.
January [njVqrI] n. январь
interested (in) adj. заинтересо
Japan [qpn] n. Япония
ванный, интересующийся: Are Japanese [,pqni:z] n. 1) японец;
you interested in politics? 2) японский язык; adj. япо-
interesting [IntrqstIN] adj. инте- нский
ресный, вызывающий интерес: jazz [Gxz] n. джаз
~ book / person / idea | How ~! jeans [Gi:nz] n. джинсы
international [,IntqnxSqnql] adj. job [GPb] n. работа (регулярно
международный: ~ football оплачиваемая): “What does
match she do?” “She has a good job in a
interpreter [Intq:prItq] n. bank.”
переводчик jog [GPg] n. спорт, бегать
interview [Intqvju:] n. интервью: разминочным темпом: I go
The film star is giving an inter- jogging in the park before
view immediately after his wed- breakfast.
ding. journalist [E:nqlIst] n. журналист
into [Intq, IntV] рrер. в, на (ука- journey [E:ni] n. поездка, путе-
зывает на движение или шествие: Не plans to go on a
на пра вление во внутрь long train journey across
чегол.): Get into the car! | She Europe.
307
jug [g] n. кувшин; milk~ large [la:] adj. большой, круп-
молочник ный: ~ house / sum of money /
July [Gu:laI] n. июль number of people | I want a large
June [Gu:n] n. июнь cup of coffee, please. | How
just [st] adv. именно, как раз: large is your office?
She’s just sixteen – her birth- late [leIt] adj. опоздавший,
day was yesterday. | “What time запоздавший: The train was
is it?” “It’s just five o’clock.” late. | I was late for the meeting.
Latin [ltin] n. латынь, латин-
ский язык; ~ America Латин-
K, k ская Америка
laundry [lL ndrI] n. прачечная
keep [ki:p] v. держать, хранить: I laugh [la:f] v. смеяться
don’t want that paper any more law [lO:] n. закон, право, юстиция;
– you can keep it. | She keeps a to read, study ~ изучать право
small shop. learn [lE:n] v. учиться: She’s
key [ki:] n. ключ: Where are your learning to be a dancer. | I’m
car keys? trying to learn French.
kilo [ki:lqV] n. кило leave [li:v] v. (for) 1) оставлять:
kilometre [kIlPm itq] n. километр Leave a piece of cake for your
kind [kaInd] adj. добрый, любез- brother! 2) уходить: Don’t for-
ный: She’s very kind to ani- get to lock the door before you
mals. | It was very kind of you to leave; 3) уезжать, отправля-
visit me when I was ill. ться: When does the train leave
kitchen [kItSqn] n. кухня for Chicago?
knife [naIf] n. (pl. knives) нож lecture [lektSq] n. лекция
know [nqV] v. знать: Do you know lemon [lemqn] n. лимон
the German for “onetwothree”? lemonade [,lemqneId] n. лимонад
lend [lend] v. давать взаймы,
одалживать, ссужать: Lend me
L, l the book for a while. Дайте мне
книгу на время.
lady [leidi] n. леди, дама, гоcпожа let [let] v. l) разрешать: She lets
lamp [lm p] n. лампа, her children play in the street;
светильник 2) давай(те): (вспом. глаг.
language [lxNgw i] n. язык: повел. накл.): Let’s all go to
“How many languages can you the cinema.
speak?” “Two: English and letter [letq] n. письмо: I must
French.” write a letter to my mother.
308
library [laIbrqrI] n. библиотека: look [lVk] v. (at) смотреть: What
Don’t forget to take your books are you looking at?
back to the library. look for phr.v. искать: I’m look-
lie [laI] v. лежать: The dog is lying ing for a new job.
in front of the house. lot [lPt] n. (of) also lots большое
life [laIf] n. жизнь: Life is full of количество, множество: a lot
surprises. of people / Lots of people are
lift [lIft] n. лифт; v. поднимать: I coming to the party. | She’s got
can’t lift that heavy box. lots (and lots) of money. | I’ve
light [laIt] n. свет: Turn off the got a lot of work to do.
lights when you go to bed. adj. love [lAv] n. любить: She loves this
светлый: She’s wearing a light warm weather. | I love sitting in
blue shirt today. the garden. | The children love
like [laIk] v. любить, нравиться: their teacher.
Do you like driving? | I like to lovely [lAvlI] adj. красивый,
sit and read quietly in the eve- миловидный: ~ girl / weather
ning. low [lqV] adj. низкий, невысокий:
like prep. как: Не swims like a ~ Countries: Нидерланды,
fish. | What was the weather Бельгия и Люксембург
like on your holiday? lunch [lAntS] n. ленч: We have
link [lINk] n. связь, недостающее lunch at one o’clock | What
звено: There’s a new rail link would you like for lunch?
between two towns.
listen [lIsn] v. (to) слушать: Be
quiet – I’m listening to the M, m
news.
little [lItl] adj. маленький: They machine [m qSi::n] n. машина,
live in a little cottage in механизм; ~ translation
Scotland. | What a nice little машинный перевод
garden! magazine [,mxgqzi:n] n. журнал,
little pron. мало: She uses very журнальный
little bread. main [meIn] adj. основной,
a little pron. немного: Give me a главный: What would you like
little of that soup. to have for the main course?
live [lIv] v. жить: They live in a make [meIk] n. форма, конструк-
house next to the library. ция, модель, фасон, марка: an
living room n. гостиная Italian make of car | What make
local [lqVkl] adj. местный: local is your new record player?
doctor / news / radio station make v. делать, производить:
London [lAnd(q)n] n. Лондон She’s making dinner. / I’m
long [lŋ] adj. длинный: long hair going to make trousers out of
/ road this material. | He makes a lot of
309
money. Сравн. “do” and “make”. meaning [mi:niN] n. значение,
Generally you do an action and смысл: What’s the meaning of
make sth which was not there this?
before: to do the shopping / meat [mi:t] n. мясо
your exercises | to make a fire / mechanic [m ikxnIk] n. механик
a noise | “What are you doing?” medical [m edIk(q)l] adj.
“Cooking.” | “What are you медицинский, врачебный: ~
making?” “A cake.” service медицинское
Malaysia [m qleIzIq, Zq] n. обслуживание
Малайзия meet [mi:t] v. встречаться: Let’s
man [mxn] n. (рl. men) мужчина, meet for dinner.
melody [melqdI] n. мелодия
человек: My father is a very
menu [m enju:] n. меню
tall man.
middle [m idl] n. середина: Here’s a
manager [mniə] n. управляю-
photo of him with his brothers;
щий: hotel ~ / bank ~ he’s the one in the middle. ~
many [m eni] pron. много: You aged adj. средних лет, немоло-
have too many books on that дой
shelf. mile [m ail] n. миля: 30 ~s an hour
map [mxp] n. карта: ~ of the 30 миль в час
world | road ~ million [m iljqn] n. миллион: The
March [mQ:tS] n. март country spends millions of dol-
market [mQ:kIt] n. рынок: a fish ~ lars on oil.
| Monday is market day. milk [m ilk] n. молоко
married [mxrId] adj. женатый, mine [m ain] pron. абсол. форма
замужняя: She is ~ to a young притяж. мест. “my”: That’s
diplomat. mine! Give it back to me.
match [m tS] n. матч, mineral [m inqrql] n. ~ water
состязание: Are you going to минеральная вода
watch the boxing match? minister [mInIstq] n. министр
mathematics [,m θi' m tiks] n. ministry [m inistri] n. министер-
ство
also maths [mxTs] n. матема-
miss [m is] v. скучать: Do you miss
тика
your dog? | I miss living in the
May [meI] n. май
country.
me [m :i] pers. pron.: мне, меня: Miss n. мисс (обращ. к незам.
“Who is it?” “It’s me.” | Can you женщине): Miss Jones, Miss
hear me? Anne Jones | Can we go now,
meal [mi:l] n. еда, трапеза: Don’t Miss? | Miss, can I have the
talk during meals. check, please?
mean [mi:n] v. подразумевать, moment [m qVm qnt] n. момент,
значить: The red light means минута: Please, wait a moment.
“Stop”. | I’m busy at the moment.
310
Monday [m AndI] n. понедельник museum [m ju:zIqm] n. музей
money [m AnI] n. деньги: How music [m ju:zik] n. музыка: Her
much money have you got? music teacher says she plays the
month [m AnT] n. месяц: What piano very well.
day of the month is it today? | must [m Ast] v. в сочетании с
I’m going on holiday next основой глагола обозн. дол-
month. женствование: I must leave at
morning [m LnIN] n. утро: I go to six today.
the office every morning. | my [mai] poss. pron. мой: That’s
Tomorrow morning he’s going my problem, not yours.
to be on a radio program. | She
wakes up at six in the morning.
Moscow [m PskaV] n. Москва, N, n
московский
most [m qVst] n. большая часть: I name [neIm] n. имя: Her name is
was in bed most of the time. Mary Nilson, her first name is
motorcycle [m qVtq,saIkl] n. мото- Mary.
цикл: He’s learning to ride his nation [neISqn] n. нация
motorcycle. national [nxSqnql] adj.
move [mu:v] v. 1) двигаться: Don’t национальный
move, stand still! 2) пере- nationality [,nxSqnlItI] n. нацио-
езжать, переселяться: My hus- нальность: people of many dif-
band has got a job in Atlanta, ferent ~ s / of the same ~
but I don’t want to move. near [nIq] adv., рrер. возле, около:
movie [m u:vI] n. AmE for film The store is near the post office.
Mr. [m istq] n. (сокр. от Mister) necklace [neklIs] n. ожерелье
господин: Dear Mr. Smith (at neighbour [neIbq] n. сосед: my
the beginning of a letter) nextdoor neighbour
Mrs. [m IsIz] n. госпожа (ставится neighbourhood [neIbqhVd] n.
перед фамилией замужней микрорайон: This is a quiet
женщины): Mr. and Mrs. Smith neighbourhood.
Ms. [m iz] n. (обращение к neither [naIDq] adv. тоже (в
женщине, чьё семейное поло- отрицат. предл.): “I can’t
жение не установлено): Ms. swim.” “Neither can I.”
Brown nephew [nefju:] n. племянник
much [m AC] adj. много: I never never [nevq] adv. никогда: She
carry much money with me. | He never eats meat.
eats too much meat. | How much new [nju:] adj. новый: The idea
is that book? isn’t new.
311
news [nju:z] n. (of, about) новости: none [nAn] pron. (of) никто,
There’s no class tomorrow? никакие: None of my friends
That’s news to me. ever come(s) to see me. | None of
newspaper [nju:s,peIpq] n. also the telephones is/are working.
paper газета: an evening ~ | the north [nO:T] n. север
Sunday ~ s nose [nqVz] n. нoc
New York [nju:jk] n. НьюЙорк, notebook [nqVtbVk] n. тетрадь
adj. ньюйоркский November [nqvembq] n. ноябрь
next [nekst] adj. следующий, бли-
now [naV] adv. сейчас, теперь:
жайший, соседний: He lives
The time for action is now.
next door. | The next time you
number [nAm bq] n. номер: What
go to the post office, can you
is your phone number?
buy me some of the new stamps?
next to prep. рядом: Sit down next nurse [nE:s] n. медсестра, няня,
to me! сиделка: She works as a nurse
nice [naIs] adj. хороший, прият- at the local hospital.
ный, славный: I know you
don’t like him but try to be nice
to him. | It was nice of you to О, о
help us.
niece [ni:s] n. племянница object [Pbikt] n. предмет, вещь;
night [naIt] n. ночь: I don’t like ~ of curiosity предмет любо-
going out alone at night! пытства
nine [naIn] num. девять October [qk tqVbq] n. октябрь
nineteen [,naInti:n] num. девят- office [PfIs] n. офис: The company
надцать is moving to new offices in cen-
ninety [naIntI] num. девяносто tral London.
ninth [naInT] num. девятый often [Pfqn, Pftqn] adv. часто:
no [nqV] pron. никакой, нет: no Americans are often very tall. |
parking / no smoking | He has
It’s often difficult to translate
no money. | “Would you like a
poems.
cup of coffee?” “No, thank you.”
okay, O.K. [qVkeI] adj., adv. all
none [nAn] pron. никто, ничто:
right: The car’s going okay
None of this is mine. Из этого
мне ничего не принадлежит. now. | Is my hair okay? | “Sorry,
noise [nOIz] n. шум: Don’t make so I’m late.” “That’s O.K.”
much noise – I’m trying to work. old [qVld] adj. старый: old shoes |
| He’s making so much noise that an old car | This bread is a bit
he can’t hear the telephone. old. | “How old is the baby?”
noisy [nOIzI] adj. шумный: a noisy “She’s eight months old.”
саг | It’s very noisy in this Olympic [qlimpik] adj. ~ games,
office. Олимпийские игры
312
on [Pn] prep. на поверхности, ~ стратор вышел. | He is just out
foot пешком | I have no money of bed. Он только что встал.
on me. У меня нет при себе own [qVn] adj. свой собственный:
денег. He has his own house.
once [wAns] adv. один раз, одна-
жды: They go there once a week.
| at ~ сейчас же, сразу же P, p
one [wAn] num. один
open [qVpqn] adj. открытый: Why pack [pk] v. упаковывать, вти-
is the box open? | Leave the door снуть: How can you pack ten
open it’s hot here. people into that little car?
open v. открывать: Open your packet [pkit] n. пакет, пачка: a
mouth. packet of cigarettes
operate [Ppq,reIt] v. управлять, page [pei] n. страница: There’s a
эксплуатировать: We operate a picture on the next page.
simple system. paint [peInt] v. рисовать, кра-
opposite [PpqzIt] adj. & prep. про-
сить: She never paints her faсe.
ти воположный; против,
Она никогда не красится.
напротив: Their house is just
pair [peq] n. пара: Is that a new
opposite the post office. | It’s
pair of shoes?
not on this side of the street –
parcel [pa:sl] n. посылка: I’m just
it’s on the opposite side.
going to take this parcel to the
orange [PrIn] n. апельсин; adj.
post office.
оранжевый: Does he always
pardon [pdn] n. прощать, изви-
wear an orange tie?
ordinary [O:dInqrI] аdj. обычный, нять: Pardon me!
ординарный: ~ life / work / parent [peqrqnt] n. родитель: My
man parents live in Miami.
organization [,O:gqnaIzeISqn] n. Paris [pris] n. Париж
организация park [pk] n. парк
organize [O:gqnaIz] v. организо- partner [ptnq ] n. партнер
вать party [pti] n. вечер(инка): We’re
other [ADq] pron. другой, иной: It having a party on Saturday
was none other than Mr. Jhones. night.
Это был не кто иной, как сам passport [pRspLt] n. паспорт: Is
гн Джоунс. money a passport to happiness?
our [aVq] poss. pron. (притяж. pay [peI] v. платить: How much do
форма от “we”) наш: Our you pay for petrol?
daughter was in France. pea [pi:] n. ropox
out [aVt] adv., prep. из, извне: The pen [pen] n. ручка, перо: He
receptionist is out. Админи- makes his living by his pen. Он
313
живет литературным трудом. | pink [piŋk] adj. розовый: These
~ friend n. корреспондент pink roses are nice.
pencil [pensl] n. карандаш pizza [pi:tsq] n. пицца
penny [penI] n. (pl. pence) пенни place [pleIs] n. место: Is London a
nice place to live?
people [pi:pl] n. люди: Were there
plate [pleIt] n. тарелка: Put the
many people at the meeting yes-
fish on a plate.
terday? platform [pltfm] n. платформа:
perfume [pE:fju:m] n. духи The train to Pittsburgh is leav-
perhaps [pqhxps] adv. вероятно ing from platform 6.
person [pE:sqn] n. человек, play [pleI] n. игра, пьеса,
личность: I like her as a person, спектакль: We’re going to see
but not as a secretary. | She’s a a new play at the National
very interesting person. Theatre. | We have to read two of
personal [pE:sqnql] adj. личный: Shakespeare’s plays for our
English class.
This company makes personal
play v. играть: The radio is play-
computers.
ing very loudly. | He likes play-
petrol [petrql] n. бензин: Six gal- ing poker with his sisters.
lons of petrol, please! | ~ station please [pli:z] вежл. просьба пожа-
n. автозаправочная станция луйста: Please, come in. | “Do
philosophy [fIlPsqfI] n. философия you want some more cake?”
photo [fqVtqV] n. also photograph “Yes, please.”
фотография: If you want to poem [pqVIm] n. стихотворение,
take a ~, hurry up, it’s starting поэма: Do you like this poem
about autumn? | He spends all
to rain.
his time writing poems.
pianist [pjnist] n. пианист: A
police [pə li:s] n. полиция: The
worldfamous pianist is playing police are looking for three
at tonight’s concert. men. | Take him to the police
piano [pjxnqV] n. фортепиано: station.
She plays the piano well. polite [pə lait] adj. вежливый: It is
picnic [pIknIk] n. пикник: Let’s polite to say “please” when you
go on / for a picnic on Saturday. are asking for something.
| They are having a picnic in the politician [,pPlItISqn] n. политик
country. politics [pPlItIks] n. политика:
She wants to go into politics. |
picture [pIktSq] n. картин(к)а:
We talk for hours about politics.
The flowers in the picture are
polka dot [pPlkqdPt] n. в горо-
beautiful. шек: a polka dot skirt
piece [pi:s] n. кусок, часть: pieces pop [pPp] also popular n. в стиле
of broken glass | Can I have “поп”: I don’t like classical
another piece of cake? music, I like pop.
314
postbox [pqVstbPks] n. почтовый problem [prPblqm] n. проблема,
ящик вопрос
postcard [pqVstkd] n. почтовая profession [prqfeS(q)n] n.
открытка профессия: He’s a teacher by
post office n. почта profession. Он по профессии
pot [pPt] n. горшок; ~ of jam учитель.
банка варенья; ~ of tea чайник
professor [prqfesq] n. профессор:
с заваренным чаем
history ~ / ~ of history
potato [pqteItqV] n. (pl. toes)
program [prqVgrqm] n.
картофель
программа: There’s a sports
pound [paVnd] n. фунт (единица
веса; английская денежная program after the news.
единица) pub [pAb] n. закусочная; сравн.
practice [prktis] n. (AmE prac- bar
tise) практика: The student public [pAblIk] n. народ, публика:
teachers are now doing their The town gardens are open to
teaching practice. | It’s a good the public.
idea, but does it work in prac- purple [pE:pl] adj. фиолетового
tice? цвета
practise v. 1) практиковаться, purse [pE:s] n. кошелек
тренироваться: You must prac- put [pVt] v. класть, ставить: Put
tise parking the car in a small the box on the table.
space; 2) заниматься: He prac-
tises tennis every day. | She’s
practising her Spanish. Q, q
present [prez(q)nt] n. подарок,
дар: What are your parents quarter [kwtə] n. четверть: It’s a
going to give you as a birthday quarter past 10 (= 10.15). | It’s
present?
a quarter to ten (= 9.45).
president [prezIdqnt] n. прези-
Quebec [kw ibek] n. Квебек,
дент: the President of France |
квебекский
President Bush | the president
queen [kwi:n] n. королева: Britain
of General Motors
pretty [prItI] adj. хорошенький, was queen of the seas. Британия
миловидный (о женщине, была владычицей морей.
ребенке, небольшой вещи): a question [kw estSqn] n. вопрос:
pretty dress | What a pretty lit- The teacher can’t answer all our
tle garden! questions.
prince [prIns] n. принц quick [kw ik] adj. быстрый,
private [praIvIt] adj. частный: скорый: a quick worker | I like
It’s wrong to read people’s pri- travelling by air because it’s
vate letters. quick.
315
quickly adv. быстро: Come quick- report [rIpLt] n. (of, on) доклад:
ly, he’s calling you! Не must write a report to give
quiet [kw aiqt] adj. тихий, неслы- to his boss.
шный: Be quiet! I’m telephon- reporter [rIpLtq] n. репортер
ing. rest [rest] v. отдыхать: Don’t call
your mother, she’s resting.
restaurant [restqrqnt] n. ресторан
R, r
return [rItE:n] v. возвращать(ся):
When are you returning home?
racket [rkit] n. ракетка для
| What time does your wife
игры в теннис, бадминтон и
т.д. return from work? | I’m going
radiator [reIdI,eItq] n. батарея to the library to return my
отопления books.
radio [reIdIqV] n. радио: You can return (ticket) n. билет в оба конца
hear it on the radio. revolution [,revqlu:S(q)n] n. рево-
railway [reilw ei] n. железная люция
дорога: I’ve got a job on the rice [raIs] n. рис
railway as a booking clerk. right [raIt] adj. правильный,
rain [reIn] n. дождь верный: It’s difficult to know
rain v. идти (о дожде): It’s rain- what is the right thing to do in
ing. this situation.
read [ri:d] v. читать: I can read right n. правая сторона: In
French but I can’t speak it. England you mustn’t drive on
ready [redI] adj. готовый, подго- the right.
товленный: Is breakfast ready? ring [rIN] n. кольцо: There was a
| The children are ready for bed. gold ring in the box.
| “Where’s David?” “He’s ring v. звенеть, звучать: The tele-
upstairs getting ready to go
phone is ringing.
out.”
river [rIvq] n. река; (attr.) речной:
really [rIqlI] adv. действительно,
St. Louis is on the Mississippi
в самом деле: It’s really cold
River.
today.
reception [rIsepS(q)n] n. приём: roast [rqVst] adj. жареный ~ beef
They’re having a reception. ростбиф
Они дают прием. rock and roll [,rPk qnrqVl] n.
red [red] adj. красный рокнролл
refrigerator [rIfriq,reItq] n. холо- roll [rqVl] n. бутылка
дильник Rome [rqVm ] n. Рим
relax [rilk s] v. расслабиться: Sit room [ru:m ] n. комната: There
down and relax. are three rooms on the first
rent [rent] n. квартирная плата floor and two on the top floor.
316
rose [rqVz] n. роза season [si:zqn] n. время года,
rugby [rAgbI] n. регби сезон: The football season
run [rAn] v. бежать: She runs two begins next week.
miles a day. seat [si:t] n. место (для сидения):
Russia [rASq] n. Россия Take a seat, please. | What can
Rusian [rAS(q)n] n. 1) русский, we use for seats?
россиянин; 2) русский язык; second [sekqnd] num. второй:
adj. русский, российский; ~ You’re the second to ask me
salad салатоливье that. Вы уже второй человек,
который меня об этом спра-
шивает.
S, s
secret [si:krIt] n. тайна, секрет: I
have no secret from them.
sad [sxd] adj. грустный, печаль-
see [si:] v. видеть: Не doesn’t see
ный: I feel sad. Мне грустно.
very well with his right eye.
safe [seIf] n. сейф
sell [sel] v. продавать: They sell
salad [sxlqd] n. салат: I’d like a
vegetables in that store, but
steak and a green salad.
you can’t buy meat there.
same [seIm] pron. одинаковый,
semester [sImestq] n. семестр,
тот же самый: They may look
полугодие
the same, but they’re really dif-
seminar [semI,nR] n. семинар
ferent. | “Is he still going out
with the same girl?” “No, he’s send [send] v. посылать: We send
got a new girlfriend.” 100 cards to our friends every
sandwich [snwi] n. бутерброд Christmas.
Saturday [sxtqdI] n. суббота: We sentimental [,sentImentl] adj.
play tennis on Saturdays. My сентиментальный
birthday is on Saturday this September [septembq] n. сентябрь
year. service [sE:vIs] n. обслуживание,
Saudi Arabia [saudi qreIbIq] n. сервис: The service in this place
Саудовская Аравия is slow / bad.
say [seI] v. говорить: Не says he’s seven [sevqn] num. семь
thirsty. | Your children must seventeen [,sevqnti:n] num. семна-
learn to say “thank you”. дцать
school [sku:l] n. школа: Which seventy [sevqntI] num. семьдесят:
school do your children go to? she [Si:] pron. она
Scot [skPt] n. шотландец shelf [Self] n. (pl. shelves) полка
Scotland [skPtlqnd] n. Шотландия shirt [SE:t] n. рубашка
sea [si:] n. море: He likes the ~ shoe [Su:] n. туфля, полуботинок:
side. Он любит ездить на море. I want a new pair of shoes.
317
short [SLt] n. (pl.) ~ s шорты sixty [sIkstI] num. шестьдесят
short adj. 1) короткий: a short size [saIz] n. размер, величина:
visit of only half an hour; 2) What’s the size of your back
низкого роста: He’s a short garden? | What size shirts do
heavy man, but he runs fast. you wear? | She takes size 7 in
show [SqV] n. показ, шоу, спек- shoes.
такль, представление: We’re skate [skeIt] v. кататься на
going to a show tonight. | This is коньках: I’m going skating.
my favourite TV show. ski [ski:] v. кататься на лыжах:
She’s learning to ski.
show v. показывать: Can I show
sleep [sli:p] n. сон: Не wants to
you my stamp collection?
have a short sleep after lunch;
shower [SaVq] n. душ: She’s hav-
go to ~ заснуть: I’m trying to go
ing / taking a shower.
to sleep. | He often goes to sleep
sick [sIk] adj. больной: He’s visit-
in front of the TV set.
ing his sick uncle in hospital.
slim [slIm] adj. тонкий, слабый:
silence [saIlqns] n. тишина: The Our chances are slim.
teacher asks for silence. slow [slqV] adj. медленный: The
sing [sIN] v. петь: We enjoy sing- train was very slow.
ing English songs. slowly adv. медленно: The car
singer [sINgq] n. певец, певица: was going very slowly.
She’s an opera singer. small [smLl] adj. маленький,
single [sINgl] adj. l) холостой, небольшой: Не has a small fam-
незамужняя: He’s still single; ily. | These shoes are too small
2) билет, годный в одном нап for me.
равлении: “What’s the fare?” smile [smaIl] v. улыбаться: Smile,
“It’s 1 single and 1.80 return.” please – I’m taking a photo.
sink [sINk] n. раковина smoke [smqVk] v. курить: Не only
(водопровода): Put the dirty smokes a pipe. | She’s smoking a
plates in the sink. cigarette.
snow [snqV] n. снег
sister [sIstq] n. сестра: His sister
snow v. идти (о снеге): It’s snow-
works in a bank.
ing.
sit [sIt] v. сидеть: She usually sits
so [sqV] adj. l) так, подобным
at the back of the class. образом: It was so cold yester-
situation [, sItjVeIS(q)n] n. day; 2) также: Не was late and
положение, ситуация so was I. | She can cook well – so
six [sIks] num. шесть: Come and can her husband; 3) утвердит.
have a cup of coffee at six ответ “да”: “Is this train for
(o’clock). New York?” “I think so.”
sixteen [,sIksti:n] num. шест soap [sqVp] n. мыло ~ opera
надцать “мыльная опера”, телесериал
318
sociology [, sqVsIPlqGI] n. sport [spO:t] n. спорт: I like watch-
социoлогия ing sports on TV.
sofa [sqVfq] n. диван: Two or three sportsman [spLtsmqn] n.
people can sit on the sofa. спортсмен
some [sAm] pron. 1) коекто, spring [sprIN] n. весна: I go on
некоторые: Some people drive holiday in (the) spring.
too fast; 2) коечто, некото- stadium [steIdIqm] n. стадион
рые: Some of these apples are stamp [stxmp] n. марка
green; 3) несколько, немного: stand [stxnd] v. стоять, встать:
“Have you got any money?” Don’t just stand there. | Help
“Yes, I’ve got some.” me ~ up!
sometimes [sAmtaImz] adv. иног- star [stR] n. звезда: а TV star | a
да: I sometimes go to Columbus football star | She wants to be a
on business. Hollywood star.
son [sAn] n. сын start [stRt] v. начинать,
song [sPN] n. песня: Sing us a song! приступать: We start work at
soon [su:n] adv. скоро, вскоре: I 8.30 every morning.
must be going soon. | I want to station [steISqn] n. станция: The
see you as soon as possible. train doesn’t stop at the next
sorry [sPri] adj. сожалеющий: I station.
feel sorry for her, her husband is stay [steI] v. останавливаться,
very ill. | Sorry! I’ve got the wrong гостить: We’re staying with
number! извините, простите friends. Мы гостим у друзей.
soup [su:p] n. суп: tomato soup | steak [steIk] n. бифштекс
Do you want some soup? We straight [streIt] adj. прямой: He
have vegetable soup for dinner. has long straight hair.
south [saVT] n. юг street [stri:t] n. улица: “Where do
space [speIs] n. пространство, you live?” “At 16 Oxford
космос: They were the first to Street.”
put a man into space. striped [straIpt] adj. полосатый
speak [spi:k] v. говорить: Can you strong [strPN] adj. l) сильный: He
speak English? has a strong character; 2) с
special [speSql] adj. особый, осо- крепким запахом, вкусом:
бенный: This is a very special What I want is a cup of strong
day – it’s Henry’s wedding day. black coffee.
speed [spi:d] n. скорость: at full / student [stju:dqnt] n. студент
top ~ на полной скорости, пол- study [stAdI] n. 1) учеба: He gives
ным ходом all his time to study; 2) кабинет
spell [spel] v. произносить по study v. учиться: He studies
буквам French. | She is studying to be a
spoon [spu:n] n. ложка doctor.
319
suburb [sAbE:b] n. пригород, taking a course in mathematics;
предместье 2) относить, отвозить: Can you
sugar [SVgq] n. сахар take this letter to the post
suit [s(j)u:t] n. мужской костюм: office? | We usually take the
children to school in the car; 3)
a dark suit
требуется: It takes three men to
suitcase [s(j)u:tkeIs] n. (неболь-
lift the car. | How long does it
шой) чемодан take to get to college by bus? ~ a
summer [sAmq] n. лето: a hot sum- photo фотографировать; | ~
mer | last summer | I haven’t got place иметь место, происхо-
any summer clothes; it’s never дить
very warm here. tall [tLl] adj. высокий: ~ build-
sun [sAn] n. солнце: We can go for ing. Can you see that tall tree
a walk now that the sun is shin- over there?
ing again. talk [tLk] v. разговаривать,
Sunday [sAndI] n. воскресенье: The беседовать: Come here! I want
shops are closed on Sundays. to talk to you. | I don’t know
sunny [sAnI] adj. солнечный: ~ what you’re talking about.
Сравн. talk and speak. Talk
room / day
usually gives the idea of a con-
supermarket [s(j)u:pq,ma:kIt] n.
versation: Now it’s time to talk
универсам
business. The director speaks
sure [SVq] (as answer) конечно, to us about the company’s
непременно plans.
surname [sE:neIm] n. фамилия: taxi [txksI] n. такси: You can
“What’s Alan’s surname?” take a taxi if you’re in a hurry.
“Johnson.” tea [ti:] n. чай: a cup of tea | Do
surprise [sqpraIz] v. удивлять, you take milk and sugar in your
поражать: I’m surprised at you! tea? | Three teas and a coffee,
Вы меня удивляете! please.
sweater [swetq] n. свитер teacher [ti:tSq] n. учитель, пре-
swim [swIm] v. плавать подаватель
team [ti:m] n. (спортивная) ко
манда: John is in the school hock-
ey team. | Our team is / are play-
T, t
ing. Cricket is a team game.
teenage [ti:neIG] adj. юно-
Tshirt [ti:SE:t] n. майка, фут- шеский, подростковый: their
болка (с короткими рукавами) teenage daughter
table [teIbl] n. стол teenager n. подросток; юноша
take [teIk] v. l) брать: I often for- или девушка в возрасте от 13
get to take any umbrella. | I’m до 19 лет.
320
telephone [telIfqVn] also phone n. thick [TIk] adj. толстый: ~ book
телефон: What’s your tele- thin [TIn] adj. тонкий: ~ summer
phone number? clothes
television [telI,vIZqn] n. телеви thing [TIN] n. вещь: What do you
дение, телевизор: Jean works use this thing for?
in television as a reporter. think [TINk] v. думать: What do
tell [tel] v. рассказывать, сооб you think of the film? | “He’s in
щать: Tell me all about it. Рас- Canada, isn’t he?” “I don’t
скажи мне всё как есть / было. think so.”
ten [ten] num. десять third [TE:d] num. третий: They
tennis [tenIs] n. спорт, теннис: ~ live in the third house on the
player | Do you play tennis? left.
terrible [terIbl] adj. страшный, thirteen [TE:ti:n] num. тринад-
ужасный: The weather is terri- цать
ble today, it’s snowing. thirty [TE:tI] num. тридцать
text [tekst] n. текст this [DIs] pron. (pl. these) этот:
textbook [tekstbVk] n. учебник They’re coming for lunch this
thank [TxNk] v. благодарить, afternoon.
выражать благодарность those [DqVz] see that
that [Dxt] pron. (pl. those) тот: thousand [TaVzqnd] num. тысяча:
Can you see that tall man stand- You have to pay two thousand
ing by the door? dollars for it.
the [Dq; перед гласн. DI] опре three [Tri:] num. три: Can you see
делённый артикль me at three o’clock?
theatre [TIqtq] n. театр: Do you thriller [TrIlq] n. сенсационный
enjoy the theatre? фильм, приключенческий или
their [Deq] poss. pron. их: They are детективный роман или фильм
eating their dinner. Thursday [TE:zdI] n. четверг: She
theirs [Deqz] pron. абсол. форма was sick that Thursday. | I have
прит. мест. “their”: Which an evening class on Thursdays.
house is theirs? | He’s a friend ticket [tIkIt] n. билет: a bus / train
of theirs. / cinema ticket
them [Dem] pers. pron. им, их: tie [taI] n. галстук: Не wears a
“Do you like chocolates?” “No, I blue tie with white spots.
don’t like them very much.” time [taIm] n. время: Do you have
then [Den] adv. тогда, потом: If time for a cup of coffee? | It
you want to go home, then go. takes her a long time to get to
these [Di:z] see this work. | You can’t sing and drink
they [DeI] pron. они: My brother at the same time. | What’s the
and sister are here. They visit time? Is it time to go to bed? |
us every week. I’m having a good / terrible
321
time. | in ~ поспеть вовремя: top [tPp] n. верхушка, вершина:
Hurry if you want to be in time The bird is sitting on the top of
for the beginning of the film. on the tree.
~ прийти точно / по расписа- tourist [tVqrIst] n. турист
нию: The train arrives on time. | town [taVn] n. город, городок: This
He’s never on time. town has an interesting history.
tired [taIqd] adj. усталый: I’m | His office is in town.
tired after that long walk. | Can’t tradition [trqdISqn] n. традиция
we play another game – I’m tired
train [treIn] n. поезд: I go to work
of this one.
every day by train.
title [taItl] n. заглавие, название
translate [trxnsleIt] v. (from ...
книги, фильма: The title of the
into ...) переводить (с ... на ...):
next film was “The third man”. |
What’s the title of that book She’s translating the text from
you’re reading? Russian into English.
toast [tqVst] n. тост, гренок: Do translation [trxnsleISqn] n. пере-
you want toast and coffee for вод: She’s doing an English
your breakfast? translation of “Faust”.
today [tqdeI] adv. сегодня: He says transport [trxnspLt] n. транс-
he’s coming to see me today. | порт: I’d like to go to the concert,
What’s the date today? but I haven’t any transport.
together [tqgeDq] adv. вместе: travel [trxv(q)l] v. путешест
Let’s go to the cinema together. вовать, ездить: They’re travelling
toilet [tOIlqt] n. туалетная комна- to India.
та: This toilet isn’t working. tree [tri:] n. дерево
tomato [tqmRtqV] n. помидор: a trolley [trPlI] also trolleybus n.
tomato salad троллейбус
tonight [tqnaIt] adv. сегодня trousers [traVzqz] n. брюки: He’s
вечером: We’re having a party
going to buy a pair of trousers.
tonight.
try [traI] v. пытаться, стараться:
too [tu:] adv. l) слишком: Не has
Let me try to start the car.
too much money. | It’s too cold
Tuesday [tju:zdI] n. вторник: He’s
for you to play outside. | You’re
going too fast, don’t hurry. 2) arriving on Tuesday.
также: I can dance and sing too. tunnel [tAn(q)l] n. тоннель, тун-
tooth [tu:T] n. (pl. teeth) зуб: Don’t нель: The train is going through
forget to brush your teeth after a tunnel.
breakfast. turn [tE:n] v. поворачивать: Turn
toothpaste [tu:TpeIst] n. зубная the key to the left to open the
паста: I must buy some tooth- door. ~ off phr. v. выключать:
paste. Don’t forget to turn off the
322
lights. ~ on phr v. включать: uniform [ju:nIfLm] n. форма,
Turn on the TV – it’s time for форменная одежда: The police-
the news. men were in uniform. | Is he
TV [,ti:vi:] n. short for television: wearing a uniform today? | The
Our TV set is broken. children all have to wear school
twelfth [twelfT] num. uniforms.
двенадцатый: Today is the university [,ju:nIvE:sItI] n. универ-
twelfth of September. ситет: Do you go to university?
twelve [twelv] num. двенадцать: (= study at a university)
There’re twelve months in a year. up [Ap] prep. вверх: Lift your hands
twenty [twentI] num. двадцать: up. | She’s going up a ladder.
He’s in his twenties = he is upset [Apset] adj. расстроенный,
between 20 and 29 years old. встревоженный: He’s upset
twice [twaIs] adv. дважды: They go that you can’t come.
out twice a month. us [qs; strong As] pron. нам, нас,
two [tu:] num. два: There were only себе: We want to take it away
one or two people in the store. with us.
typical [tIpIkql] adj. типичный: a use [ju:z] v. употреблять,
typical British summer. пользоваться, применять: I
use the buses a lot. | The car is
using too much petrol. | The
U, u police have to use tear gas.
usually [ju:ZqlI] adv. обычно: I’m
ugly [AglI] adj. уродливый: his not usually so late.
ugly face | ugly houses
umbrella [Ambrelq] n. зонтик: Can
I come under your umbrella? | He V, v
has an umbrella with red, white
and blue stripes. vacant [veIkqnt] adj. свободный,
uncle [ANkl] n. дядя: Take me swim- незанятый: Is this seat vacant?
ming, Uncle! vegetable [veGItqbl] n. овощ,
under [Andq] prep. под: Can you зелень
swim under water? very [verI] adv. очень: a very good
underground [Andqgraund] also cake | a very interesting book |
tube n. метро: Let’s go on the It’s very warm today. | The car is
Underground / by Underground moving very slowly. | That was
understand [, Andqstxnd] v. пони- very kind of you.
мать: He doesn’t understand video [vIdIqV] n. видео: They’re
English, so don’t try to talk to showing a video of “Gone with
him. the Wind”. I’ve got it on video.
323
violin [,vaIqlIn] n. скрипка water [wLtq] n. вода: a glass of
visit [vIzIt] v. посещать, наве- water | She washes her hands in
щать, ходить в гости: He’s vis- hot water.
iting friends in France. way [weI] n. путь, дорога: Can you
volleyball [vPlIbLl] n. волейбол show me the way to the library?
we [wi:] pron. мы: Can we go now,
sir?
wear [weq] v. носить, быть одетым
W, w во чтолибо: He’s wearing dark
glasses.
wait [weIt] v. (for) ждать, weather [weDq] n. погода: good /
дожидаться: We have to wait nice weather | What’s the weath-
(for) 20 minutes for the bus. er like in Moscow today?
wake [weIk] n. просыпаться: She Wednesday [wenzdI] n. среда:
usually wakes (up) early. | Wake She’s leaving on Wednesday.
up, Jimmy, it’s 7.00! week [wi:k] n. неделя: There’re 52
Wales [weIlz] n. Уэльс weeks in the year. | My aunt is
walk [wLk] v. ходить, идти
coming to stay with us next
пешком: Walk, don’t run. |
week.
When it’s a nice day, I walk to
welcome [welkqm] 1) дружеское
work.
приветствие при встрече –
walk n. ходьба, прогулка: Let’s go
добро пожаловать! милости
for a short walk. She’s taking
просим: Welcome to our home! |
the dog for a walk.
Welcome back! 2) вежливая
Walkman [wLkmqn] n. плейер
wall [wL l] n. стена: We have a lot форма ответа на благодарность:
of pictures on the walls of the “Here’s your pen.” “Thank you!”
dining room. “You’re welcome.”
want [wPnt] v. нуждаться: We well [wel] adv. хорошо: She does
badly want rain. Нам очень her homework very well. | ~ built
нужен дождь. хорошо сложённый
warm [w L m] adj. тёплый: warm west [west] n. запад
milk | a warm bath western [westqn] n. вестерн, ков-
wash [wPS] v. мыть(ся): We wash бойский роман (фильм): I like
and then go to bed. watching old westerns on TV.
Washington [wPSINt(q)n] n. adj. западный
Вашингтон what [wPt] pron. 1) что: “What do
watch [wPC] v. l) наблюдать, you do?” “I’m an economist.” I
следить за развитием событий: see what is in the box. 2) какой:
Watch me and then try to copy What colour is it? | What’s your
what I do. 2) смотреть: Do you new boss like? What kind of car
watch a lot of television? do you drive?
324
where [weq] adv., conj. 1) где: work v. работать: Не has to work
Where do you live? | This is the very hard, because he’s starting
building where I work. 2) куда: a new job.
Where are you going? | I have to worker [wE:kq] n. рабочий: He’s a
tell him where to put it. slow worker.
while [waIl] conj. пока; в то время, write [raIt] v. писать: Can you write
как: Don’t talk while he’s play- your telephone number on the
ing the guitar. top of the letter?
whisky [wIskI] n. виски
writer [raItq] n. писатель: He’s the
white [waIt] adj. белый: white
writer of six books.
colour wine
why [waI] adv., conj. почему: Why
isn’t he at work today? | I want
Y, y
to ask him why the train was
late.
year [jIq] n. год: Next year I’m
wife [w aIf] n. жена: She’s the man-
ager’s wife. going to work in Africa.
windsurf [wInd,sE:f] v. заниматься yellow [jelqV] adj. желтый: Look at
виндсерфингом those yellow flowers.
wine [waIn] n. вино: Let’s have a yes [jes] adv. да: “Would you like to
bottle of red wine. go to the cinema?” “Yes, please.”
winter [w Intq] n. зима: If we go on yoga [jqVgq] n. йога: Helen is doing
holiday in (the) winter, we try to yoga right now.
go to a warm place. yogurt [jPgqt] n. йогурт
with [wID] prep. вместе, с: Leave you [ju:] pron. вы, ты: Don’t you go
your dog with me. away! Не вздумай(те) уйти!
wonderful [wAndqfql] adj. удиви- young [jAN] adj. молодой: He’s a
тельный, изумительный: won- young man – he’s only
derful news | We’re having a twentyone. | This is a TV pro-
wonderful time. gram for young people.
word [wE:d] n. слово: What’s the your [jq; strong jL] pron. твой, ваш:
English word for “собака”?
Was that your idea?
work [wE:k] n. работа: I go to work
yours [jL z] pron. абсол. форма
by train every day. | We start
прит. мест. “your”: Isn’t she a
work at 9 o’clock in the morning.
friend of yours?
| We stay at work till 6 o’clock in
the evening.
325
БАЗОВЫЙ КУРС
UNIT 13 E N T E R T H E W O R L D OF ART
Окунитесь в мир искусства
AGENDA
J. S. SARGENT (1856–1925 )
"MRS. CARL MEYER
AND HER CHILDREN"
NEWSWEEK PHOTO,MARCH, 1999
326
кает толпы зрителей. Узнай- Ответьте. Признайтесь, что вам
те у собеседника о его люби- пришлось пройти через многие
мом художнике. залы, чтобы посмотреть на ико-
ны (icons) Рублёва.
Объясните, что в 18 веке
изобразительное искусство в
России отошло от религии. В
19 веке передвижники (the Cогласитесь. На ваш взгляд,
«Peredvizhniki») стали передвижники обладали заме-
последователями реалисти- чательным видением челове-
ческой традиции в живопи- ческой природы и реальности.
си.
327
[Id ] paint, plant, nod, wait, shout, last
328
5. buy (bought) apples for dinner / bananas.
6. have (had) a lovely time at parties / a terrible time at
yesterday’s party.
7. have (had) a shower before going to bed / a bath.
8. eat (ate) at home on weekdays / out last night.
9. get (got) home before his parents’ arrival / after midnight.
4a. Describe your last week’s activities using the verbs of task 4.
Example: Last Monday I had a lot of work to do.
On Monday morning...
On Tuesday afternoon...
329
expensive hotel / about six weeks... 9. The Browns first / about
their son’s career / two years...
330
9. You want to know a thing or two about painting. Ask your
friend: a) when each of these British painters was born and when he
died; b) what century he lived in.
10. Read what Charles says about his life experiences* and
translate these sentences into Russian.What can he remember?
331
11. Read the following letter. Imagine it is from an English pen
friend.
a) Write a reply, answering his questions. Use the prompts
below.
12 North Road
Oxford
5 November
Hi!
How are you? What’s the weather like with you? It’s awful here.
It rained every day in October and it’s raining now.
It was really good to get your address. Your college sounds more
interesting than mine. And I was amazed to hear about the
mountain*climbing trip you did. Weren’t you scared when it
started to snow?
My big news is that I was selected for the college basketball team.
I’m so pleased, because we have a great team at college, and
there’s a lot of competition to get in it. Is there a basketball team
at your university?
Write and tell me all about your family and yourself.
Love,
Robert
332
b) Reproduce your letter in class. Vote for the best story.
Cultural Note
Coaches are long*distance buses on which people travel between
some towns and cities. They are not so expensive as trains.
1. Where can people buy stamps to write home from the UK?
( in a post office, often inside a small shop )
2. Where are the Houses of Parliament [pa:lqmqnt]?
( in the City of London )
3. Do the British drive on the right*hand side of the road?
4. Why does the colour of London buses stay red? (to help tourists)
5. Why are coaches popular in Britain? ( comfortable )
6. What does the “Highway Code” mean? ( a list of rules for
drivers )
7. Do British drivers have to wear seatbelts?
333
13. Great Britain Quiz.
Here’s a list of things you must know about Britain. Check if
your group mates can give correct answers to these questions.
14. Listening.
Listen to the interview, in which Robert Lewis, a TV reporter, is
asking Angela about the time when she worked at the National gal-
lery.
Note!
a tricky customer – «трудный» клиент
except – кроме, исключая, разве лишь
to guess [ges] (AmE) – предполагать
subway (AmE) = underground (BrE)
a) Consider the following points.
334
b) Listen to the recording again and focus on the facts from the
interview.
c) Look at the choices below. Find the points that make sense
with the interview.
335
Examples: 1. – Was your colleague able to do much when
he got home?
– No, he wasn’t. He was too tired.
2. – Were you able to work overtime yesterday?
– No, we weren’t. We were too tired.
1. Eat pizza quickly? / just out of the oven.
2. Get Mike on the phone? / was out all day.
3. Operate the computer? / had a headache.
4. Attend the lecture? / had a toothache.
5. Fall asleep? / the neighbours were too noisy.
6. Drive your car? / was stuck in the traffic.
7. Lift the suitcase? / very heavy.
8. Walk in the park? / It was raining.
16. These people were not able to enjoy themselves last night.
Think of any likely reasons.
Example: – Did Keith enjoy himself at the concert last
night?
– No, he didn’t. He wasn’t able to attend the
concert, because his brother was ill.
you / at Mary’s party
Sally / at the exhibition
your father / at the football game
your friends / at the tennis match
your cousins / at the picnic
the Wilsons / at the symphony
17. Read the following text. It’s a true story !
Remember!
to decide – решить a shape – форма
to miss – недоставать gloves [glAvz] – перчатки
a finger – палец suddenly – неожиданно
336
THE MISSING FINGER
Cultural Note
Renoir, Pierre (1841–1919) a French painter who helped to
form the IMPRESSIONIST movement. He is known for his bright,
colourful style of painting.
Questions.
1. Was the thief very clever? Ask “Why?”
2. Did the chief of the police come to the museum? Ask “Who?”
3. Did the director of the museum find out that it wasn’t the orig-
inal? Ask “Who?” “How?”
337
“What did the man look like?” Joel Kaplan asked. “Wasn’t
there anything unusual about him?” “Oh, yes – the little finger on
his left hand was missing.”
Questions.
1. Did art students use to make copies in the Picasso room? Ask
“Where?”
2. Did they agree to talk to the director or to the chief of the
police? Ask “Who?”
3. Did all the students bring their copies with them? Ask “How
many of them?”
4. Did Miss Evans show hers? Ask “Why not?”
5. Did the girl sell the copy to a friend of hers? Ask “Who?”
“When?”
6. What was there unusual about the man?
The police officer decided to watch one of the new women who
did the cleaning in the building. She was not very tall and had
gloves on her hands. She carried a large box of cleaning things
with her from one room to another. Suddenly the woman took off
a small painting by Picasso, took an exact copy out of the box,
hung it up and put the original painting into her box. The detec-
tive stopped her. “Very clever, but not clever enough. Like most
people in your profession you forgot one thing.”
“What was that?” the woman asked in a man’s voice.
“Your left hand. I knew that the thief was missing one finger
on the left hand.”
“But I’m wearing gloves,” the thief said, “and I don’t under-
stand how...”
“I could see by the shape of the glove that you only had four
fingers. You had to fill the little finger of the glove with paper or
something.”
“Next time I’ll remember.”
“There isn’t going to be any next time. I’m driving you to the
police station.”
338
Questions.
1. Did Joel Kaplan decide to watch one of the students? Ask
“Whom?”
2. Did the cleaning woman carry a brush as she went from one
room to another? Ask “What?”
3. Did she take off an original painting by Picasso? Ask “What
for?”
4. Did she take an exact copy of Picasso from her box? Ask “What
for?”
5. Did the police officer stop the thief? Ask “How?”
6. The criminal forgot to do one thing, didn’t he? Ask “What?”
7. Did he want to correct his mistake? Ask “When?”
8. What were the detective’s last words?
18. Tasks.
a) Do you know how to express past obligations? Compare the
following phrases.
339
c) Do you think the policeman was on the right way? Why?
d) Can you speak about abilities in the past? Find the sentence
in the text with the past form of the verb “can”.
can – could [kVd]
e) Ask what these people could do, what they couldn’t do and
why. Give your reasons.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
340
a root [ru:t] n. корень: Let’s try to get to the root of this problem.
a detail [dJ teIl] n. подробность, деталь; in detail подробно: She
told us in detail how to get to her house.
to create [krieIt] v. создавать, творить: God created the world.
remarkable [rIm a:kqbl] adj. замечательный, примечательный:
Rembrandt is a Dutch painter who is remarkable for his use of
light and shade.
career [kqrIq] n. карьера: Monet spent most of his career working
in France.
human [hju:m qn] adj. человеческий: The archeologists found
several human skeletons.
a drawing [drL IN] n. рисунок: He showed me a remarkable draw-
ing of a church.
attract [qtrx kt] v. привлекать: Briullov’s colourful paintings
always attract a lot of attention. attraction n. достоприме-
чательность. The castle is one of the tourist attractions in our
town.
a crowd [kraVd] n. толпа: There were crowds of people at the Royal
Academy of Arts on that day.
a series [sIqri:z] n. серия, цикл: We are publishing a new series on
ethnic music next year.
to take part in sth принимать участие в чём*н.: My boss took part
in a conference on plastics last week.
on the other hand fig. однако: This job of mine isn’t well paid, but
on the other hand I don’t have to work long hours. On the one
hand, on the other hand с одной стороны..., с другой cтороны
(используется для аргументации противоположных точек
зрения)
to view [vju:] v. осматривать, оценивать: Several possible buyers
are coming to view the goods. to be on view выставляться: The
pictures are on view all week.
to exhibit [IgzIbIt] v. демонстрировать, выставлять, экспони-
ровать: She exhibited her drawings in Paris. an exhibit n.
экспонат: We also viewed some of the exhibits from Canada.
an exhibition [eksI bIS(q)n] n. выставка
versatile [vE:sq ,taIl] adj. разносторонний: That master’s composi-
tion showed ,his versatile talent.
341
WORD BUILDING
Cultural Notes
1. The avant*garde [, xvQgQ:d] are paint-
ers, writers, musicians, etc., whose work
is based on the new ideas and methods.
342
2. Picasso [pikxsqV], Pablo (18811973) a Spanish painter
who worked in France; one of the founders of CUBISM – a
20th*century art style in which the subject matter is represented
by geometric shapes.
Text A
Success Story
by Mary Blume
343
23. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Answer these questions using the infinitives of purpose
(инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели).
c) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them while discussing the text.
344
4. an artist d) a man who devoted all his life to art
5. human e) a piece of work, esp. art, done with extreme
skill
6. a masterpiece f) a group of things of the same kind, coming
in order
7. to create g) to have a share in an activity or event
8. a show h) a large number of people gathered together
9. a series i) a job or profession which one follows in life
1. You can get a good view of the picture if you stand at this
window.
2. Try to look at it from my point of view (viewpoint). I take
a different view.
3. He wanted to get a clear view of the situation.
4. I’d like a room with a view of the garden, please.
5. You must excuse him in view of his youth.
6. Look! You get a nice view from here!
7. What are your views on free university education?
8. In my view, he is too enthusiastic about football.
345
to create composition to portray remarkable to dominate
attraction masterpiece founder career to devote human
j) Look through the text a second time and discuss the following
points.
346
because he is avant*garde in his creation of new styles? 10. Whose
is his style like?
David Hockney’s life was rich in events. What gave him food
for thought?
The artist had to study (through careful copying) the works of
the Old Masters. Why did he have to move from Picasso?
Why do biographers and art lovers think Hockney is a versatile
painter?
24. Listening.
a) Listen to the story about Picasso and say if the following plan
is correct.
Remember!
to give sb a glance – бросить взгляд
a handkerchief – носовой платок
a breast [brest] pocket – нагрудный карман
to introduce oneself – представляться (знакомиться)
to represent [,reprIzent] – изображать, символизировать
to reply [rIplaI] – отвечать
to take a step backwards – cделать шаг назад
347
I paint this way because it’s the result of my thought.
The bull represents brutality, the horse – the people.
I wanted to get to know him personally.
His hands were small and solid.
26. Simulation
You’re journalists taking part in a press conference with David
Hockney.
a) Ask him questions to get as much information about his life
and career as you can.
b) Mind you have to be tactful in the way you ask personal que-
stions.
c) Study some opening expressions to lead up to questions and
polite answers:
Questions: Mr. ..., let me / can I ask you one or two questions?
Could you / the speaker / the guest tell us about...?
One more question, please.
Answers: Yes, of course. If I got you right / correctly...
That’s a very interesting question.
Well, let me see /think for a moment.
You may start like this:
1. First of all, Mr. Hockney, where were you born?
2. Who is your idol in painting? / music? / poetry?
3. ................................................................?
27. Read the joke aloud and then try to retell it. Make a note of
one or two key words, if necessary.
348
JOKE SPOT
Speeches
Mr. Jones didn’t like writing speeches. When it was necessary
to make a speech, he asked his assistant to prepare it. Usually, she
wrote excellent speeches and Mr. Jones was considered a good
speaker.
One day Mr. Jones came back to his office after speaking at
lunch. He was very angry. “I told you to write me an interesting 30
minute speech,” he said. “The speech you gave me lasted 1 hour
and the people were very bored.”
“The speech I gave you lasted 30 minutes,” replied his assis-
tant. “But I gave you two copies!”
28. Translate the following text into English and figure out the
name of a famous Russian artist. Use the prompts below the text.
349
29. Project work.
Note!
outstanding –
выдающийся
print – гравюра,
эстамп
major – крупный,
главный
to span – охватывать
previously unknown –
прежде неизвестный
to house – размещать
Cultural Note
Pre*Raphaelites [pri:rxf
Here you can enjoy beauty.
qlaIts] (1848) (прерафа-
350
элиты) is a group of 19th*century English painters who based
their work on the artistic principles of the late Middle Ages. The
protest against the Industrial Revolution led them to the beauty of
Italian art (before Raphael). Their paintings had many small
details and they often used bright colours on a white background.
Text B
Exhibitions
351
31. Tasks
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Answer the following group of questions about each of the
museums on the newspaper page.
1. What artist(s) did the particular art museum/gallery exhibit?
2. Could the public attend the display every day?
3. What were the times of opening (время работы)?
4. Was the ticket free? How much did it cost?
5. Did the paper publish the address and the telephone number?
6. Can you say that the pictures were on view all month? Why not?
32. What pieces of art and how many of them do the following
worldfamous museums house?
1. The London National Gallery / the collection of 38 Old Masters
paintings.
2. The National Portrait Gallery / a unique collection of about 10
thousand portraits of remarkable British men and women who
created and are still creating the history.
3. The Tate Gallery / about 300 oils and 19 thousand water*colours
and drawings. Also, it / a number of sculptures.
4. In 1998 the Uffizi Gallery in Florence opened a new wing which
/ the collection of 18th – century frescoes.
5. The Tretyakov Gallery / over 50 thousand paintings, sculp-
tures and drawings representing the history of Russia’s artis-
tic culture.
352
33. Act as journalist. Speak to the assistant director of the Royal
Academy of Arts.
Remember!
an event [Ivent] – событие
to cover an event – освещать событие
space – пространство, место
mass media [mi:dIq] – средства массовой
информации
353
34. Figure it out
1. Are you an outgoing person? When did you last attend an art
gallery?
2. Whose art collection did the museum exhibit?
3. What school of painting does this artist represent?
4. How many pieces of art were on view?
5. Do you remember whether the times of opening were convenient
for you?
6. When did you arrive at the display and when did you leave?
7. How much fee did you have to pay at the entrance?
8. Can you say that the show spanned the artist’s career?
9. Why did you enjoy yourself at the exhibition? Did it give you
a feeling of beauty and happiness?
354
Section III REAL_LIFE COMMUNICATION
Questions.
1. What are the two art lovers discussing?
2. Could it be a painting? / an opera? / a drama? / a book? /
a film? Why?
3. How did the optimist feel about it? What phrases did he use?
4. What expressions did the pessimist use?
5. Did he think highly of the plot (сюжет)?
6. What did he criticize it for? Is that a serious argument?
Give your reasons.
355
Verb How a person feels An opinion of/about
a person or thing
to amuse I was amused. The film was amusing.
развлекать (было забавно) (смешной). We couldn’t
stop laughing.
to fascinate The viewers were The plot was fascinating.
завораживать fascinated. [fxsI,neItIN]
(очарованы) (захватывающий)
to excite She was very much Her acting was exciting.
возбуждать excited. (интересная)
(взволнована)
a) Form ing and ed adjectives from the verbs below and
suggest their Russian equivalents.
c) On your own.
How do you feel about your recent visit to the exhibition?
Share your impressions using the ideas of tasks 35,36.
356
Set 2 Business letters
Деловые письма
A LETTER OF THANKS
ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
38. Read the following letter, translate it into Russian and and
pick out standard phrases used to express gratitude.
Note!
on behalf of sb – от имени
mutually [mjVtSqlI] beneficial [, benIfISql] –
взаимовыгодный
357
Я чувствовал себя желанным (welcome) гостем в Вашем
обществе (company), познакомился со многими инте-
ресными людьми.
Я благодарен Вам за Ваше гостеприимство и надеюсь, что в
ближайшем будущем я воспользуюсь случаем, чтобы при-
гласить Вас к себе.
С наилучшими пожеланиями,
Подпись
Test 13
358
3. Simon was a brilliant student. His parents ____________
worry about his marks. (negative)
4. When I was a child I __________ understand adults, and now
that I am an adult I __________ understand children.
(negative, negative)
5. The swimmer was very tired but he ________ reach the shore.
6. I had no key so I __________ lock the door. (negative)
7. – Did you attend the lecture yesterday?
– No, I didn’t. I ________ take part in the conference.
359
4. В своём творчестве Рейнальдс следовал своим кумирам –
художникам Возрождения.
5. Музей представил замечательную коллекцию картин, и мы
её посетили.
6. Гвоздь сегодняшней телепрограммы – это интервью
с президентом страны.
7. “Чему посвятил свою жизнь этот разносторонний человек?”
“Путешествиям”.
8. Спросите у них, нет ли толпы возле входа в музей.
360
Word List (Unit 13)
A G R
ago give sb a lift remarkable
attend reply
attract H represent
handkerchief retrospective
B hide root
be born historic
biographer human S
house series
C shape
career I space
century in detail suddenly
cover an event introduce
create invent T
crowd take part in
M take a step backwards
D mass media think highly of
decide train as /under
die N
discover nervous V
drawing viewer
O vision
E on the other hand
emotion outstanding
enjoy oneself
enter university P
event painter
exhibit panorama
exhibition particular
portrait
F print
finger public
follower
from my viewpoint
361
UNIT 14
TOO MUCH TRAFFIC
Слишком интенсивное движение
AGENDA
* Past Continuous.
Present Participle
after verbs of sensation.
Modal verbs “must”,
“need”.
Sequence of tenses.
(See Grammar
Supplement, p. 571)
* A road accident.
* Asking for directions.
362
Признайтесь, что не обратили
внимание на новый знак.
Ограничение скорости на этих Объясните, что этот
улицах обычно составляет знак появился здесь
30 миль в час. месяц тому назад, когда
начала работать
начальная школа.
На ваш взгляд, водители
должны не только ехать
медленно, но и соблюдать Предложите обоим
дистанцию. водителям заполнить их
карты ДТП (an accidental
Сообщите пострадавшему card) и обратиться в свою
своё имя и место работы страховую компанию
и обменяйтесь для выяснения
страховыми карточками. обстоятельств дела.
Попрощайтесь.
363
1. book a ticket 5. change some money
2. get the passport ready 6. get Traveller’s cheques
3. apply [qplaI] for a visa 7. learn the language
4. reserve a hotel room 8. read about the country’s
traditions
Remember!
patient [peISqnt]– терпеливый
an ID card = an identity card
Example:
– Do you have to carry an ID card all the time?
– Yes, we must.
– Do you have to wear ties and jackets?
– No, we needn’t.
Note!
an electric appliance [qplaIqns] – электроприбор
to vacate a room – освободить комнату
364
for drinks / put your documents in the hotel safe / vacate your
room before 9.30 in the morning.
b) Now complete some notices that express prohibition
(запрет).
4. Where can you see these signs and notices in Great Britain?
a) Match each of the signs with one of the places below.
5. You are driving a car in Great Britain. Look at these road signs
and make up a few regulations for drivers.
Remember!
speed – скорость dangerous – опасный
365
Example:
366
7. What can one expect in these situations with officials ?
Read two dialogues and match five sentences in the right col-
umn with A or B.
367
B: May I use my car telephone? A: I’m sorry, but I don’t
A: _____________________. make the rules.
Can I see your license, sir?
b) Listening.
Listen to the conversations and check your guesses.
c) Answer the following groups of questions about each of the
situations.
8. Roleplay.
В туристическом агентстве
368
Выразите сожаление.
Узнайте, нужно ли
заказывать заранее Ответьте, что нe обязательно
железнодорожные билеты. делать заказ немедленно
(right away), но этим
скоро следует заняться.
Поделитесь своими планами. Узнайте, в какое время
В пятницу вы должны пассажиры хотят выезжать
оставаться в офисе до обеда, и когда они должны
но в понедельник утром вы вернуться в Лондон.
свободны. Таким образом,
вам нет необходимости
возвращаться в воскресенье Cообщите заказчикам, что
вечером. в будние дни поезда
отправляются в 15:00 и
в 22:00. Время следования –
5 часов. В понедельник,
согласно расписанию, прибы;
тие поезда из Эдинбурга в 9:00.
Поблагодарите сотрудника
агентства за любезность.
Узнайте, нужно ли вам Ответьте заказчику, что следует
звонить ещё раз. подтвердить* дату и время.
369
B. I was booking plane tickets.
ride your bicycle / paint walk into the post office / read
a portrait for the exam
cross the street / work at my drive on the pavement / make
report a hotel reservation
hit another motorcycle / pay your bus fare / make
enter a flower shop notes at the lecture
jog through the park / give phone about an accident / show
my friend a lift my guest around the city
1. How did the man lose his wallet? (play volley;ball with his son)
2. How did the patient cut himself? (shave)
3. How did Alan get a black eye? (argue with his neighbour)
4. How did Stella hurt herself? (prepare dinner)
5. How did your parents get a flat tyre? (drive over a bridge)
6. How did Mr. Roberts break his leg? (ski down a mountain)
7. How did Mr. Unlucky drop his packages? (walk out of the
supermarket)
12. Pairwork.
Ask your partner what he was doing when something hap-
pened. Use the following phrases for questions.
Example: What were you doing when you fell off the ladder?
370
13. Everybody has a bad day once in a while. Try to remember what
you were doing on such a day. Share your sad story with the other
students in your class.
Remember!
to skid – буксовать
to crash into sth – столкнуться
blood [blAd] – кровь
to groan – стонать
to stamp on the brakes – нажать на тормоза
unconscious [AnkPnSqs] – в обмороке
to take care of sb – заботиться о ком;л.
ambulance [xmbjVlqns] машина скорой помощи
injury [InGqrI] – телесное повреждение
to get over sth – прийти в себя от чего;л.
an effect [Ifekt] – воздействие, результат
371
Cultural Note
Double yellow lines are two yellow lines painted on the side of
a road next to the pavement to show that cars cannot be parked
there.
A Road Accident
It was raining heavily while I was walking towards the station
at 7 o’clock on a Saturday morning. At this early hour there was
not much traffic and there weren’t many people in sight. Just as I
was looking left and right to cross the road, I saw a car coming
round the corner, which was moving very fast. Then I noticed a
dog running across the street. The driver stamped on the brakes
and I watched the man losing control of his car. Suddenly it skid-
ded on the wet road, hit a lamp post on a double yellow line and
turned over.
At once I rushed to the car to assist the driver, but he was
unconscious and there was a lot of blood on his face. A young
woman hurried into the station to phone for an ambulance while I
took care of the driver. A policeman arrived a few minutes later
and asked me a lot of questions about the accident. I heard the man
groaning quietly when the medical men were taking him into the
ambulance.
On Monday morning I went to the hospital to enquire about
the man. They told me that his injuries were not serious after all
and that he was getting over the effects of the accident.
a) Questions.
1. Was the witness walking towards the station at midday? Ask
“What time?” What was the weather like at that early hour?
2. When did he see a car coming round the corner? Was it moving
slowly? Ask “How?”
3. Why did the driver stamp on the brakes? Did he notice a cat
running across the street? Ask “What?”
4. Did the car skid and turn over? Ask “Why?”
5. Did the man rush to the car? Ask “What for?”
6. Did the witness use his mobile telephone to phone for
an ambulance? Ask “Who?” and “How?”
7. What did he hear when the medical men were taking the driver
to hospital?
8. What did the witness find out about the injured man on Monday
morning?
372
b) On your own.
1 2
At about …o’clock was travelling to work
was riding my motorcycle While … turning right,
failed to stop at the juncture saw a pedestrian stepping out
What happened next was that… turned left to avoid him
hit me on the left side didn’t see the other driver
I fell off and … There was damage to both
You can guess how I felt. the cars
It took me … to get over…
17. Listening.
Some time ago a British businessman had a bad car accident.
Now the police are trying to find out the cause.
a) Listen to the investigation of the case (расследование
дела) and set these statements in order according to which the
events followed one another.
Remember!
to go / drive off – отъезжать
towards [tLdz] – по направлению к
to check – проверить
an insurance [InSVqrqns] – страховка
373
Note!
to build up – накапливаться, собираться
to swing round – развернуться
to go over the road – съехать на обочину
374
Operator: Emergency Service.
You: (Describe what was happening and ask for
an ambulance.)
Operator: Where was the accident?
You: (State the location.)
Operator: You say there’s one person injured. How badly
hurt is he?
You: (Explain the seriousness of his condition.)
Operator: You must call the police now. The ambulance
will be there in about 5 minutes. Try to keep
him warm until they arrive.
You: (Express gratitude.)
375
20. Pairwork.
a) Ask your friend:
b) What did your friend tell you about his journey to the univer-
sity? Write a short paragraph and read it out in class.
376
THE BEST POLICY
Section II ЛУЧШАЯ ПОЛИТИКА
VOCABULARY FOCUS
377
a trend [trend] n. направление, тенденция: There’s a new trend in
market economy.
to develop [dIvelqp] v. разрабатывать, развиваться: They are
developing into a big multinational company.
WORD BUILDING
22. We can form new parts of speech with the help of suffixes
and prefixes which change the meaning of English words.
Example:
emotion (эмоция) – emotional (эмоциональный) –
emotionally (эмоционально) – to emotionalize (придавать
эмоциональность)
Remember:
noun – существительное
adjective – прилагательное
verb – глагол
Xty Xness
safe – safety kind –
certain – certainty sad –
mobile – mo`bility loud –
popular – popu`larity quick –
regular – regu`larity e`xact –
Xtion Xment
to invent – invention to move –
to reduce – reduction to enjoy –
to select – selection to replace –
to populate – ,population to arrange –
378
23. Read these international words and think of their Russian
equivalents.
Industry, technology, debate, mobile, mobility, passion, pri-
vate, strategy, selective, selectively, en,thusiastic.
24. Study the information below and answer the following ques-
tion.
What must Londoners do to reduce traffic?
Text A
Road Traffic Reduction
“Too much traffic” tops the list of problems for those people
who live and work in London. It’s a well;known fact that the popu-
lation of Great Britain is dense and main roads serve for the trans-
portation of most goods. As the British want to move around eas-
ily, they do not like living near big roads or railways.
About three quarters of families in Britain have regular use of
a car and about a quarter have two or three cars. The reason why
the British are so enthusiastic about mobility, is their national
passion for privacy. Driving a car for a British is like taking his
“castle” with him*. Perhaps this is why British drivers are patient
with both other drivers and pedestrians.
Transport policy is a matter of continual debate in Parliament.
The only way to solve the problem is to reduce road traffic. Traffic
reduction is popular with the 85 per cent of people who travel in
the rush hour into Central London by tube, bus or bike, and nearly
40 per cent of families who don’t own a car.
Although it isn’t
easy to change the trends
of the past 50 years, the
London Planning Advi-
sory Committee (LPAC)
is developing a reliable
strategy for road traffic
reduction. It is not anti
car, but people must learn
to use cars selectively.
Rush hour on a British motorway
* like taking his “castle” with him – всё равно что взять с собой свою крепость
379
25. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them in discussing the text.
380
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
f) Study the expressions with the word “matter”. Match the left
side column with the right one to produce new sentences.
great importance.
Road traffic reduction
course.
The transportation of products
money.
The new law
national importance.
Developing businesses is a matter of little importance.
His trip to Japan
time.
Making friends
life and death.
Regular payments
fact.
The President’s speech
principle.
Her privacy
taste.
A visit to San Francisco
381
h) Give a presentation on the transport problems in the UK.
26. Translate the following text from Russian into English in writ-
ing. Use the words given below.
Bank of England
Westminster and New
Abbey Stock Exhange St. Paul’s Cathedral
382
Путешествие в наши дни
27. Read the interview from the “USA today” and say:
How many innovations does the article focus on? What are
they?
Study the following words and word combinations.
at dusk – в сумерках to produce – производить
to install – устанавливать что;л. to lag behind sb – отставать
powerful [paVq,fVl] – мощный a device – устройство
system – система visible – видимый
lights – сигнальные огни
to remind sb to do sth – напоминать
кому;л. сделать что;л.
383
to keep sb on someone’s toes – держать кого;л. начеку
microwave [maIkrqVweIv] – микроволновый
to illuminate sth [IlHmI,neIt] – освещать что;л.
Text B
384
a pair of electronic eyes looks left and right, reminding
pedestrians to look both ways for oncoming cars.
C Uhm…it’s clear that engineers are going in the right
direction. And what devices are especially helpful for older
walkers?
H That’s a microwave detector. You know, new studies show
that we typically walk 4 feet per second and the elderly walk
about 2.8 feet per second. If a pedestrian is lagging behind
others, the walk signal automatically adds about 5 seconds
to its cycle.
C Thank you, very much.
28. Tasks.
a) Find the sentences in the text with the words and phrases
below. Translate them into Russian.
e) Give a brief summary of the text. Say if any of the facts you’re
talking about is new to you.
f) Decide which of these headlines best reflects the main idea
of the text. Give your reasons.
385
1. How to protect pedestrians from accidents.
2. Safety dilemma is solved.
3. American cities installing high;tech safety devices.
4. Computerized crossings.
5. Engineers are going in the right direction.
386
Alexander: What are the usual intervals between the bus
arrivals?
Passer–by: About every fifteen minutes according to the
schedule that you can see over there.
Alexander: How often do the buses run?
Passer–by: In fact, the buses don’t always run at regular inter;
vals. Look! You don’t have to wait any longer. A bus
is coming. It’s a number 5, you can take it.
Questions.
1. Why shouldn’t Alexander catch bus number 12?
2. Do buses always run at regular intervals?
3. Why is Alexander lucky this time?
4. In what country is the action taking place?
1
Remember!
to change to – сделать пересадку (в другой поезд)
the next stop but one – через одну остановку
Questions.
1. What kind of transport is Barbara using? Where is she
going?
2. Why does she have to change at Times Squre? Is there a
through train to Brooklyn college?
387
3. Where must she get off?
4. Where is the action taking place? Give your reasons.
Questions.
1. What place is Tom looking for?
2. Can the policeman show him the river from there? Why
not? What phrase shows that Tom is confused?
3. Is the Waterloo Station within walking distance? What
signs does Tom have to follow?
4. Where do you think the action is taking place?
388
b) What were Barbara’s / Tom’s exact words as they turned to
the residents for help? Mark their language according to the rules
of politeness.
с) Here is some of the language you may need to understand
when asking for directions.
31. Simulation.
You’re a stranger to a town. Build a conversation with a passerby
using the cues below.
389
You arrive at the bus station of a town you do not know. Your
partner acts as policeman. Ask him for the following places:
390
Set 2 BUSINESS LETTERS
ДЕЛОВЫЕ ПИСЬМА
A LETTER OF INQUIRY*
ПИСЬМО–ЗАПРОС
RESERVATION REQUEST
РЕЗЕРВИРОВАНИЕ МЕСТА В ГОСТИНИЦЕ
CONDO CORPORATION
209 West Street
Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.
The Executive Inn
2 Main Street
Evansville, Illinois 60821
* “Inquiry” and “enquiry” [Inkw aIqrI] (запрос) are the same
391
September 29, 20____
Dear Sirs: (Dear Sir, or Dear Madam, if you don’t know the
name of a person)
Please reserve a double room with a bath for Ms. Linda Barry
for October 23–25. Ms. Barry, executive of the Condo
Corporation, is arriving at the hotel at 6 P.M. on October 23.
While in Evansville, Ms. Barry is to meet with some officials.
She would like to reserve the use of a small conference room
for the morning of October 24, from about 9 A.M. until noon.
Please let us know the rates for both Ms. Barry’s accommoda-
tions and the conference room, and confirm this reservation.
Truly yours,
Signature
Example:
392
Мы прибываем в Детройт во вторник 14 марта с. г.
Обращаюсь к Вам с просьбой зарезервировать для нас
двухместный номер в гостинице Хилтон. Не могли бы Вы
также организовать небольшую поездку по городу и включить
в нашу культурную программу посещение Мюзик;холла?
Мы будем Вам признательны, если Вы закажете нам
обратный билет на пятницу, 17 число.
Искренне Ваш,
Подпись
Test 14
1. When I last ______ (to see) her ________ (to walk) toward the
station, I ______ (to ask) her where she ______ (to go). She
answered, “London”, but I don’t think she ________(to speak) the
truth because there ________ (not to be) any train for London at
that time.
2. The teacher ______ (to come) into the classroom unusually
early and one of the boys who ____________ (to smoke) a ciga-
rette, ______ (to have) no time to put it out. So he ______ (to
throw) it into the desk. A little later the teacher ______ (to notice)
the smoke ______ (to rise) from the desk. “You ________ (to
smoke) when I ______ (to come in)?” he ______ (to ask).
3. As I ________ (to cross) the street I ________ (to step) on a
banana skin and _______ (to fall) heavily. I still ________ (to lie)
on the road when I ______ (to see) a lorry ______ (to approach).
Luckily the driver ________ (to see) me and ______ (to stop) the
lorry in time.
393
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs from the box
below.
may, (don’t) have to, must(n’t), needn’t
394
5. – Далеко отсюда до больницы?
– Буквально 5 минут ходьбы по другую сторону от этого
моста, но её отсюда не видно.
6. Машина шла со скоростью 40 миль в час, когда водитель
почувствовал, что она буксует.
7. – Я приезжий и не знаю, как добраться до почты.
– Пересядьте на 38 автобус. Через две остановки вам
нужно выйти. Пройдите вперёд и сверните в первый
переулок направо.
– Благодарю вас, вы очень любезны.
A F population
advise far away (from) privacy
agree fight
ambulance Q
apply for a visa G queue
at regular intervals get over
goods R
B reason
blood I reduce traffic
both...and... in the rush hour register at a hotel
build up industry rent
injury reservation
C insurance
cash S
Celtic L schedule
check litter selectively
crash (into) stamp on the brakes
M strategy
D main road
matter of importance T
debate take care (of)
dense memorial
take a turning (on)
develop mobility
technology
drive (off) towards
P
Parliament traffic
E
patient traffic lights
Edinburgh trend
effect pay in cash
energetic pedestrian V
enthusiastic per cent view
395
UNIT 15 FIRST IMPRESSIONS
Первые впечатления
AGENDA
* Modal verb “should”.
Degrees of comparison of
adjectives/ adverbs.
The use of articles with place
nouns.
(See Grammar Supplement, p. 576)
* You’re in Hollywood now.
* Accepting and refusing
invitations.
At the reception
You’re working in a host country – Great Britain. At a recep-
tion shortly after your arrival you come in contact with an
American businessman.
Share your first impressions about London and compare
things.
396
в отличие от русских,
британцы гораздо сдержан- Признайтесь, что смотрите на
нее. Москву как на одну из самых
интересных столиц мира. Какая
По вашему мнению, самый она – Москва?
известный стереотип – это
Кремль и Красная площадь. Скажите, что вы считаете Рос-
сию символом перестройки,
Отреагируйте. Поинтере- сильных людей, богатых ресур-
суйтесь, где родился ваш сов. Вам очень хотелось бы
собеседник. узнать oб этой стране побольше.
Moscow.
Tower of London Los Angeles. Chinatown St. Basil’s Cathedral
397
Section I KNOW BEFORE YOU GO
GRAMMAR PRACTICE ЭТО НУЖНО ЗНАТЬ ЗАРАНЕЕ
1. In Japan you must take off your shoes when you go into
someone’s house.
2. In Saudi Arabia women must cover their heads in public.
3. In China you mustn’t kiss in public.
4. In Japan you mustn’t look people in the eye.
5. In Taiwan you must give a present with both hands.
6. In Britain you mustn’t point at people.
Example:
Hungary / Tom advised (told) me to get a map of Buda and
Pest before my trip to Hungary.
398
3. After Alexander arrived in the USA, he rented an apartment
there. Discuss which of these rules for tenants (жильцы) he should
observe.
Example:
behind the building; Where should he park his car?
At the Hotel
Remember!
a reservation – заказ, бронь
with a view [vju:] of the sea –
с видом на море
399
Receptionist: A single room or a double?
Guest: Single, please.
Receptionist: Would you like a room with a shower or a bath?
Guest: A shower. I prefer a room with a view of the
sea. How much is a night for the room?
Receptionist: 90 for the room and breakfast. Would you like
an evening meal?
Guest: No, thanks, just breakfast.
Receptionist: Do you have any luggage?
Guest: Just this one bag.
Receptionist: Here’s your key. Your room number is 326.
I hope you enjoy your stay.
Guest: Thanks.
Questions
1. How long is Mr. Sembler going to stay in the hotel?
2. What kind of room would he like to live in? Must it be a special
hotel room?
3. When does he prefer to have meals?
5. Safety first.
The hotel manager tells visitors to the USA to observe their per-
sonal safety (безопасность).
Copy her pieces* of advice using either of the modal verbs
from the box below. Make up two lists of instructions expressing a)
obligation; b) mild obligation.
Remember!
to take care of sth / sb – позаботиться о чёмл. / комл.
Note!
valuables [vxljVqblz] – ценности, драгоценности
400
When in America,
– do not carry a lot of spending money or valuables with you;
– give cash to the manager to put it in the hotel safe;
– take care of your passport, plane tickets and other personal
documents;
– do not walk alone at night;
– never ride in a car with a stranger;
– look like you know where you are going;
– do not give any personal information on the phone to a person
you do not know;
– always cooperate with the police;
– finally, be careful, but don’t be afraid. Most Americans are very
friendly and are happy to help you.
1. LENGTH OF FLIGHT
2. ACCOMMODATION [q,kPmqdeiS(q)n] – жильё
3. CULTURAL PROGRAMME
4. TOURS
5. SIGHTSEEING
6. PUBLIC TRANSPORT
7. THE WEATHER IN SPRING
8. CLOTHES
401
Well, Martin, you should learn as many words as you can.
And I don’t think you should* worry about the flight.
402
9. Anna liked New York so much that she decided to stay there.
Now she is married to an American. Her friends from England
sometimes ask her about her opinion (мнение) of American peo-
ple.
Complete their questions with the words in brackets.
10. Say in what way one European city is different from another.
Ywords: friendly – friendlier
Example: A: Milan is dirtier than I expected.
B: It’s also more expensive than Florence.
Use the following words.
tidy – dirty – busy – noisy – friendly
403
interesting – dangerous – exciting – depressing
On your own.
Think of any two countries that you know well and write down
the summary of your ideas. Read it out in class.
Compare:
the streets: the goods:
(beautiful, wide, dirty) (cheap, expensive)
the buildings: the food:
(tall, ugly, modern) (ordinary, bad, tasty)
the people: the weather:
(religious, reserved, friendly) (lovely, dry, nasty)
11. Ask your friend what he/she thinks about the facts listed
below.
Cheaper – much cheaper; more expensive – much more expensive
11a. Using the sentences of task 11 find out if these things are
identical in some way.
404
Example:
A. Is country life as active as life in town?
B. No, it isn’t. It’s much quieter.
12. Read John’s report about his trip to France. In which coun-
try are these things more expensive, according to the report?
405
14. Read how Sylvia Weston, an American visitor to London,
compares lifestyles in Great Britain and the USA.
Cultural Note
Lifestyle is a way of living including the kind of home one
lives in; the things one owns; the kind of job one does; the leisure
activities one enjoys.
Remember!
immediately [ImJdIqtlI] тотчас, сразу
violent [vaIqlqnt] – буйный, несдержанный,
преступный
efficient [IfISqnt] – исполнительный, умелый
to pollute [pqlHt] – загрязнять
lead free petrol – неэтилированный бензин
compulsory [kqmpAlsqrI] – обязательный
hardworking – работящий
406
When it comes to work and business, my impression is that the
British are much less hardworking than Americans. Sometimes I
think the British don’t know what a day’s work means.”
15. Tasks.
a) Are these statements true or false?
In London Sylvia noticed that people used their first names only
after they got to know each other quite well.
The American guest found a lot of difference in accommodation
and prices.
She was surprised to learn that most people in GB preferred to
have four locks on their door.
The visitor to London disliked the service in the subway.
She was very much impressed by the British working habits.
b) Scan the text and focus on the differences that Sylvia discov-
ered in the two cultures.
What did she say about these things?
Manners Safety
Prices Public transport
Accommodation Attitude to work
Remember!
Texas [teksqs] – Техас (штат в США)
to misunderstand sb/sth – неправильно понять
когол./чтол.
to realize – осознавать
a skyscraper – небоскреб
407
Mr. Kipling the Londoner
1. Could you tell me the way to
Oxford Street?
2. I think it’s a very nice little
town.
3. I mean … my ranchhouse
back in Texas is bigger than
that.
4. Our buildings are small only
because we build them so
quickly.
5. We do things much faster
here than you do in Texas.
6. Everybody says so.
7. Of course that skyscraper
isn’t as tall as the buildings
in Dallas or New York.
8. But … what’s strange about
it?
b) Report what each of the men said or asked during the con-
versation.
c) Listen again and summarize answers to the following ques-
tions.
408
9. Do you agree that different positions reflect different
lifestyles?
10. What is ironic about the story?
17. How does lifestyle in Russia differ from that in the USA?
Discuss the following points.
17a. Using the ideas above point out things that are similar in
the two cultures.
Like the Americans, the Russians like eating out. Как…, так и …
409
Make a list of things that are quite different in these cultures.
Unlike the Americans, the Russians are less religious. В отличие от…
18. Make up two lists of things: those that are different and
similar in these lifestyles. Are there more similarities (сходства) or
differences on your list?
SIMILARITIES: DIFFERENCES:
1._____________________. 1.________________________.
2._____________________. 2.________________________.
3._____________________. 3.________________________.
4._____________________. 4.________________________.
5._____________________. 5.________________________.
19. Fill in the missing definite articles in the text below and
explain their usage.
410
Set 3 The most sensational superlatives
Самые сенсационные
достопримечательности мира
The world is
full of wonderful
places. Los Angeles
(L.A.) may be one
of the most impres-
sive of all.
411
dense – prestigious –
funny – outstanding –
412
Hollywood – (great) centre for film production, where 60,000
people are employed; (wonderful) attractions such as Walk of
Fame (Аллея славы).
Cultural Note
Walk of Fame shows 2,065 stars with the names of film, TV,
radio, theatre and pop music celebrities. These stars are embedded
in the sidewalks (вымощены на тротуаре) along Hollywood
Boulevard. You can find Elvis’s star outside the Hollywood Wax
Museum, Marilyn Monroe’s in front of McDonald’s etc.
On you own.
What Hollywood attractions
impressed you most of all?
What pieces of information
about the richest, the greatest
could you add to the Guinness
Book of World Records?
Do you think L.A. is really an
international symbol of the
California good life? Why?
Would you like to tour the USA?
How do you motivate your deci-
sion to travel to another coun-
try? Read and choose the best
answer.
413
How Does It Compare to Your Culture?
Note!
conservatoire [kqnsE:vqtwR] – консерватория
On your own.
23. Study the list of extreme opinions of Moscow and say if you
agree or disagree with them. Give your reasons.
414
24. Discuss the following points.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
415
is in great demand.
salary [sxlqrI] n. оклад, зарплата: Ted is on a very good salary
now.
to rise [raIz] v.i. подниматься, увеличиваться: They rose from the
table. The wind is rising. He rose to international fame.
a screen [skri:n] n. экран: We sat at the front, very close to the
screen.
to consider [kqnsIdq] v.t. считать, рассматривать: Do you consid-
er it a convenient place to meet?
to include [Inklu:d] v. включать, содержать в себе: Did you
include Mr. Shannon in the list of guests?
a character [kxrIktq] n. зд. герой, тип, образ, персонаж: The
main character of the play is a successful businessman.
to experience (joy and sorrow) [IkspIqrIqns] v.t. испытывать/
переживать (радость и печаль): The novel reflects the period
of joy which the writer experienced.
frustration [frAstreISqn] n. крушение планов/надежд: Life is full
of frustrations.
WORD BUILDING
416
28. Study the following text and say what kind of character
Chaplin created in his films.
Text A
417
Tramp”. Chaplin explained later in his autobiography, “I wanted
the pants baggy, the coat tight, the hat small, the shoes large”.
How original his acting was! The audience laughed nearly every
second. This comical character expressed the joy and sorrow, the
dreams and frustrations that people experienced in life.
29. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases, and use
them in discussing the text.
418
d) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words from
the text.
419
h) Combine the following sentences based on the contents of
the text. Use so...that, such a...that.
Example: Chaplin was famous. No further explanation
was necessary.
Chaplin was so famous that no further
explanation was necessary.
i) Look through the text once again and discuss the following
points.
1. How much famous was Charlie Chaplin? Find facts that show
his great popularity.
2. What role did his parents play in his career?
3. How did Chaplin’s salary change as his popularity grew?
4. Why did the film companies include no other major stars in the
programme, but Chaplin?
5. What attracted the audience in “The Tramp”?
420
k) Give a presentation on Chaplin as the greatest movie star of
all time.
l) Figure it out.
Do you think film stars should make as much money as they do?
Why do people call Hollywood the “business of dreams”?
How does viewing a film in the cinema differ from watching it
at home on TV?
Of course, you can see films at home for nothing. Is it as well
impressive?
Here are the expressions that give you thinking time while you
arrange your ideas.
30. Write about your impressions of the film you saw on TV the
other day. Focus on the following points.
1. When and where did the action / the events take place?
2. What is the film about?
3. How did you find the plot? / the music? / the acting? Was it
fascinating? / amusing? / boring?
4. Who played the leading role?
5. Did you enjoy yourself during the film? Did you
laugh?/cry?/feel bored? Were you impressed or excited? Why?
31. Read the joke aloud and then try to retell it. Make a note of
one or two key words, if necessary.
JOKE SPOT
It’s Magic
A magician was working on a cruise [kru:z] ship. It was an
excellent job except for one thing, the nightclub parrot. This
stood in the corner of the bar and talked to the audience. Whatever
421
the magician did the parrot was able to explain the trick to the
audience. Of course, the audience loved it, but the magician got
angrier and angrier.
One day, the ship hit an iceberg and sank rapidly. The magi-
cian was able to get off the ship before it sank. He held on to a piece
of wood. The parrot joined the man on the wood. After a few min-
utes it finally spoke, “OK, this time you win. How did you do it?”
32. Read some information from the “USA Today”, April 29,
1999. Answer the following question.
Note!
a jazz band – джазовый оркестр
to take sth seriously – воспринимать чтол. всерьёз
to recognize [rekqg, naIz] a tune – узнать мотив,
мелодию
a giant [GaIqnt] – гигант, исполин
to tour [tVq] a country – гастролировать по стране
to go crazy about sb/sth – сходить с ума по комул.,
чемул.
Text B
422
composer. All music lovers recog-
nize his tune. Ellington left more
than 2,000 compositions and lots
of them remain standards today.
The most famous ones include
Mood Indigo and Sophisticated
Lady.
Ellington wrote music con-
stantly – after shows, on trains,
in restaurants. He had a way of The Big Man of Big Bands
using everything he heard to cre- Time, April, 19, 1999
ate rhythmic patterns. In his work
he focused on everyday life and human emotions. He used voices
like instruments and his instruments sounded like voices.
“There were so many eccentric people working for him”,
Murray says, who was a longtime friend of Ellington’s. “Some
stayed with him for decades. In the fifties he recorded with such
jazz giants as Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong”. “I’m not
hard to please,” Duke Ellington used to say. “Just give me the
best.”
Ellington continued to work and tour almost until his death.
All people loved him – from America’s dance halls to Europe’s
concert halls. His music was ahead of its time.
Now his 20yearold grandson, Paul Ellington, leads the
orchestra. He thinks that the lovers of popular music still find his
grandfather’s music attractive. “We played at the Atlanta Midtown
Festival”, he says. “So we had 4,000 people of my own age going
crazy when we played”.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences in the text with the word combinations
and phrases below. Translate them into Russian.
423
c) How much do you remember?
f) Say if any of the facts you’ve read about are new to you.
g) Discuss the secret of Ellington’s success. Do you personally
think much of this musician?
424
34. Translate the following text into English and figure out the
name of a wellknown Russian singer and drama actor.
.............? (1873–1938)
...начал свою профессиональную деятельность в Тбилиси,
где занимался у оперного певца Усатова. Когда ему было 23
года, Мамонтов предложил ему место в Московской частной
опере.
С 1899 по 1922 гг. этот выдающийся актёр пел в Большом и
в Мариинском театрах. Он пользовался огромным успехом во
время гастролей по России и приобрёл мировую славу, выступая
в Италии.
Важнейшим фактором его популярности был его
невероятный по красоте голос. Образы, которые он создавал,
были так трагичны, что зрители не могли удержаться от слёз.
Наиболее известные его создания – это образы Бориса Годунова
и Мефистофеля.
Даже когда певец покинул Россию, чтобы поселиться в
Париже, он сохранил верность лучшим традициям вокальной
школы России и продолжал работать над трактовкой (interpre-
tation) образа.
Он есть и был величайшим басом всех времён. Нет ничего
необычного в том, что и сейчас люди покупают пластинки с
записями его голоса.
425
36. Project work.
Find information about any Russian actor (actress) or musician.
Don’t forget that the facts should be interesting to your foreign part-
ner. Make notes having in mind the following points:
37. Listening.
a) Listen and complete these notes using a word, figure or short
phrase.
1. I’d like to book two tickets for
2. I’m sorry, Friday is fully booked. We have some seats
left for
3. Couldn’t you find something? We have a V.I.P. from
4. The manager is usually able to find tickets for
5. We’ve got two cancellations. I can keep them for
427
1. You’re a guest in someone’s a) Would you mind lending
home, you’d like a cigarette, what it to me?
do you say?
2. You want to ask your friend to b) Is it all right if I smoke?
lend you a book.
3. You’re at the information office c) Would you mind if I called
at the railway station and you want you back, I’ve got a visitor
to know some train times. here at the moment.
4. You meet someone at a party and
get on very well. As she leaves she d) I wonder if you could tell
says, “Nice meeting you, we must me when the next train to
do lunch sometime.” London is?
5. Your colleague is visiting you
when the phone rings. What do you e) Wouldn’t you mind giv-
say to the caller? ing me your phone number?
40. Read the following dialogue. Focus on how Philip invites the
other students to attend the science fiction festival.*
Note!
to be in the mood to do sth – быть настроенным
на чтон.
to join sb for sth – присоединиться, примкнуть к комун.
Come on! – побудит. Hу же!
to turn sb down – отказаться (от приглашения)
It’s up to you. – Теперь вам решать.
an adventure film – приключенческий фильм
428
tonight? We could go to the science fiction festival
at the Grand Theatre. Do you like science fiction?
Rudy: No, not at all. I prefer comedies or adventure films.
Philip: What about you, Susan? Why not attend the festi-
val this evening?
Susan: Sorry, Phil. I’m not in the mood for the movies
tonight.
Philip: Come on, Susan. Don’t turn me down. It’ll be fun.
Susan: I don’t think so. May be we can go some other time.
Philip: Well, it’s up to you, but if you change your mind,
you can phone me till 8 o’clock.
429
d) Pairwork. Act out the following situations.
Dear Sir,
430
our representatives*.
Yours faithfully,
Signature
Yours truly,
S. Johnson
431
45. What standard phrases do you need to express regret
(сожаление), apology (извинение), refusal (отказ)?
Make sure you understand these set expressions.
I apologize for...
Please, accept my apologies for...
Forgive me (for) my late reply
We regret to say/to inform you that...
I am awfully sorry that it’s not possible to...
I regret very much that I am not in a position to...
Уважаемый сэр!
Просим извинить за позднее сообщение в ответ на Ваш
факс от 21 марта с.г.
С сожалением сообщаем, что в последний момент пришлось
отложить (to postpone) нашу встречу в Лондоне. Мои
коллеги во Франкфурте cочли необходимым моё участие в
конференции 22 марта.
Вновь приносим наши извинения и надеемся встретиться
не позднее середины апреля с.г.
С искренним уважением,
Подпись
432
Section IV CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 15
1. Hurry up! The train for Leads _______ (to leave) from platform
Nine at 6p.m.
2. __________ (not to forget) to bring me Walter’s calculator
back on Monday!
He said, he ________ (to need) it in his everyday work.
3. We invited Mrs. Tailor to dinner, but she refused saying that
she _____ _____ (not to like) going out much.
4. “What ____ you ______(to talk) about?” “We __________(to
talk) about the novel “The Godfather”. “When ____ you ______
(to read) it?” “Long time ago.”
5. “Did you know that Tom ________ (to paint) in his spare
time?” “Really? I had no idea!”
6. Alan told his neighbours that he __________ (to have) a com-
pany that night.
7. The article stressed the point that the new generation _____
_______ (not to accept) their parent’s ideals.
433
3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs where neces-
sary.
1. When I found her at last, she was blue _____ cold. 2. “The
Prince and the Pauper” is a novel _____ M. Twain. 3. Do you know
what is _____ the “Bolshoi” tomorrow evening? 4. “May I invite
you ___ the concert?” “I’m not much of a theatregoer, I’m afraid.
How about going to the disco ________?” 5. The students stopped
laughing when the orator entered ______ the lecturehall. 6. She
is jealous _____ your success; that is why she is always angry
_____ you. 7. The time in London is five hours _____ of the time
in NewYork.
434
Word List (Unit 15)
generation religion
religious
A H rise
adventure hardworking
ambitious headline S
amuse salary
astronomical I screen
audience immediately similar
impress skyscraper
B impession success
band include suit
boast sth independent
instrument T
C Texas
character J
cheap jazz U
comical unbelievable
compare (to / with) N
concentrate necessary
consider
crazy M
misunderstand
D
delighted O
demand offer
orchestra
E
entertain P
exciting perform
expensive performance
experience pleasure
popularity
F producer
fascinate
frustration R
realize
G recognize
435
UNIT 16 BRUSH UP YOUR ENGLISH
Восполни знание языка
AGENDA
* Past participle
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Articles: general rules and
exceptions
Contact Clauses
(See Grammar Supplement, p. 582)
* Education. Colleges and univer
sities.
* Making arrangements.
At Sheremetyevo Airport
Вежливо поприветствуйте
гостя. Ответьте на приветствие.
Поинтересуйтесь, хорошо ли
долетел ваш зарубежный кол Скажите, что в самолёте
лега и как долго длился полёт. вы спали, полёт длился
недолго и не был утоми
тельным.
Сообщите вашему коллеге,
436
что вы забронировали для него
номер в гостинице “Россия”. После короткого отдыха вы
готовы обсудить программу
Предложите гну Карни рабочего визита (a busy pro-
обсудить её за (over) ленчем. gramme).
Вы заказали столик на два часа
дня. Проявите интерес к недав-
ним изменениям, произо-
Поинтересуйтесь, когда ир шед шим в рос сийской
ландский профессор был здесь системе образования.
в последний раз.
Ответьте, что свою послед-
Расскажите гостю, что с тех нюю поездку в Москву вы
пор в столице появилось совершили в 1992 году.
(to come into being) много
частных колледжей и универ Поделитесь своими
ситетов. взглядами на различия в
струк туре бри тан ских
Заметьте, что российские университетов.
вузы имеют больше сходства
со структурой Лондонского
университета, нежели Выразите готовность
Оксбриджа. посетить один из учебных
центров Москвы.
Заверьте гна Карни, что вы
уже согласовали его встречу Поблагодарите своего рос-
с работниками министерства. сийского коллегу за госте-
приимство.
437
Note! daring – дерзкий, отважный
Score analysis
810: You are
a daring person.
However, you
have to balance
risktaking with
good sense.
47: You’re
realistic about the
result of any risk
you may take.
438
03: You are careful by nature. The trouble with such an attitude
is that your life may be dull and boring.
2. Ask your friend about his choice of the career and report his
answer.
Examples:
1. Henry has already
been to Oxford.
2. Tom has visited
London, but he hasn’t
been to Oxford yet.
439
Henry Tom
visit Oxford visit London
fill in an important form get a message from Oxford
apply for a visa get the passport ready
apply for a driving license plan various excursions
book plane tickets borrow several tourist
guides to the area
6. Ask your groupmate how many times this thing has hap-
pened to him and when it happened last.
440
читать эту книгу? 5. Вы уже накрыли на стол? Когда вы
накрыли на стол? 6. Они уже получили квартиру? Когда они
переехали? 7. Отец уже пришёл с работы? Когда он пришёл?
8. Павел уже побывал в Америке? Когда он там побывал? 9. Вы
уже занялись социологией? Когда вы начали её изучать?
Remember!
challenging [tSxlInGIN] – трудный, но интересный
an opportunity – благоприятная возможность
a promotion – продвижение (по служ. лестнице)
8a. How can you describe the following jobs from the point of
view of advantages and disadvantages?
441
business studies/last term
social studies/in autumn
musical studies/6 months ago
architectural studies/3 weeks ago
Roman history studies/last year
computer studies/in September
Examples: Oxford is one of the nicest places I’ve ever been to.
This trip is the most exciting experience I’ve ever
had.
11. Read the expressions in the right column and learn how to
show surprise.
442
A. You’ve done well to brush up your English.
You sound almost like a native!
B. Well, not quite. I’ve missed several classes of late.
A. (express surprise).
443
A. Have you read any English books in the original?
B. Yes, I have. Last year I read some stories by Graham Greene.
A. It’s incredible! Have you read any books lately?
B. I’ve just finished reading Hemingway’s “A Farewell to
Arms”.
A. Is it worth reading?
B. I loved it! I think it’s one of the best novels I’ve ever read.
14. Read this passage, open the brackets and speak about the
changes that have taken place in Jane’s life of late.
444
1. ... two months. 2. ... since September. 3. ... 1990. 4. ... last
year. 5. ... two years. 6. ... fifteen minutes. 7. ... 10:30. 8. ... about
five weeks. 9. ... the first of January. 10. ... almost four months.
11. ... the beginning of the semester. 12. ... the semester started.
13. ... a couple of hours. 14. ... last Friday. 15. ... a long time.
16. ... yesterday.
16. Fill in the blanks with “been to”, “been in”, or “gone to”.
1. “Where is Anna?” “She has ... ... the shops. She’ll be back
soon.”
2. “Have you ever ... ... America?” “Yes, I have ... ... New York
several times.”
3. We have ... ... this class since September.
4. The Browns have ... ... Paris for years now. They like it there.
5. John has ... ... Oxford in his car. He is staying the night with
friends.
6. How long have you ... ... this country?
7. I have ... ... Spain for a fortnight, but I haven’t ... ... a bull
fight yet.
8. The Hunts have ... ... Australia to live. They are going to be
happy there.
1. They have always liked books on travel. 2. My friend has been ill
since last week. 3. He hasn’t attended classes in French. 4. The
Smiths haven’t owned a car since 1999. 5. She has been interested
in astronomy for many years. 6. Bob hasn’t had a driver’s license
for more than a month. 7 He has worked for a joint venture since
last December.
445
18. Ask your colleague how long
446
20. Pretend that it’s ten or fifteen years from now. You’re walk-
ing along the street and suddenly you meet your old school mate.
Ask your friend
a) how long he has lived in...; b) how long he has worked as... c)
how long he has been married; d) if he has been interested in lit-
erature since he started working; e) when he took up his present
career; f) if he has often travelled in his job; g) what places he has
already visited; h) how those countries have impressed him.
447
b) Questions.
22. Write a short paragraph about any changes that have taken
place in your life in recent months. Read it out in class.
448
Set 3 We’ve been practising for hours
Мы занимались часами
Example:
A. Why are your eyes all red?
B. I’ve been crying.
C. I’ve been peeling onions.
D. I’ve been watching Love story on TV.
Ask why:
your hair’s wet you’ve got paint in your hair
your eyes hurt the house smells of garlic and onions
you’re out of breath you’ve got oil on your hands
your hands are dirty the carpet and floors are spotless
Example:
A. What are your friends doing?
B. They are arguing.
A. Have they been arguing for a long time?
B. Yes, they have. They’ve been arguing all day /
afternoon.
449
play tennis go to job interviews
revise for the exam queue for concert tickets
practise the guitar write invitation letters
learn irregular verbs get the flat ready for the party
26. Listening.
Remember!
to annoy sb [qnOI] – докучать, досаждать комул.
exhausted [IgzL stId] – измождённый
unbeatable – непобедимый
Don’t take this the wrong way! – Не поймите это
неправильно.
450
Jason Luke Sam Lisa
The team are playing the City Slammers in the first round.
The students have been practising hard.
Jason is late for the training session and it seems to him that all
look exhausted.
Luke has seen the City Slammers play a few times this season
and he doesn’t think the Cobras have a chance to beat them.
Lisa and Sam try to be positive and hope for the best.
Imagine you are the Cobras who are playing the City Slammers
today.
451
One of the students is a reporter who’s interviewing the team
before the tournament.
Prepare a few questions based on the text in advance and then
act out the game. Don’t forget to use “asking and answering polite-
ly techniques”.
You may start like this:
Personal information:
NAME: ___________________________________
DATE OF BIRTH: ___________________________________
NATIONALITY: ___________________________________
ADDRESS: ___________________________________
TEL. №: ___________________________________
Qualifications:
1999 ___________________________________
Professional experience:
2001 – Present ___________________________________
1999 – 2001 ___________________________________
Other information:
EXPERIENCES ___________________________________
LANGUAGES ___________________________________
COMPUTER SKILLS ___________________________________
OBJECTIVE ___________________________________
452
b) Now write a letter of application. Group the facts about your
personality, background, and experiences. You may start in the fol-
lowing way.
As you can see from my CV, I studied ...
453
Attending the interview
Create a good first impression. Put on a suit or something
formal. Arrive in good time.
When greeting the representative of the company, wait until he
moves to shake hands. You should also wait until he offers you
a seat.
Try to stay positive and relaxed during the interview. Talk
freely about yourself and give reasons for your opinions.
Remember the checklist of questions you prepared before the
interview. Show you’re interested!
Don’t criticize former employers or fellowworkers.
You can talk over your salary but not until the employer has
introduced the subject.
454
30a. On your own.
You’ve got all the qualifications needed, haven’t you? How
could you describe your three greatest strengths?
Remember!
a letter of introduction – рекомендательное письмо
willing – усердный
to deal with sb/sth – иметь дело с кемл., чемл.
Note!
to have a command of a subject – владеть какимн.
предметом
455
Therefore, I can recommend Mr. Stevens, without hesitation,
for the position of assistant in your travel agency.
Yours truly,
Paul Hoffman
Instructor
a) Questions.
b) Present the positive and negative (if any) points about the
applicant to the group. Decide if he is a suitable candidate for this
post. You may need some phrases.
456
6. to miss f) an application form
7. to apply g) French fluently
8. to give up h) a hotel reservation
9. to have i) inexperienced
Remember!
previous [prJvIqs] – предыдущий
to panic – впасть в панику
to board a spacecraft – сесть на космический корабль
calm [kRm] – спокойный
to carry out an experiment [IksperImqnt] –
проводить эксперимент
to urge sb to do sth – уговаривать, убеждать
satellite [sxtq,laIt] – спутник
b) Listen again and focus on Helen’s abilities that led her to suc-
cess.
Are both men and women equally capable of doing any job?
Are there a number of skills that women can master better than
men?
What are the jobs that seem to be unladylike nowadays?
457
Does the text show that the situation has changed in the last few
years?
d) On your own.
Describe your job opportunities by developing the prompts
below.
Remember!
to master a skill – овладеть навыком, умением
capable of doing sth – способный к чемул.
corporate [kLpqrqt] – общий, коллективный
1. Have you ever earned money? How did you start doing your
work? How long have you been keeping it?
2. What is more important for you in choosing a job:
a) the kind of work?
b) the salary?
c) it should be both interesting and wellpaid?
3. Your friend wants to work three hours a day after classes. His
mother feels that he should concentrate on his university stud
ies. His father thinks it’s good for a youth to work part time.
Whose viewpoint do you support?
4. What do you think about your strengths? Are you good at
English? Which of these skills are most important for your
future profession? Give reasons for your opinion:
a) computer skills?
b) spoken English?
c) good people skills?
d) a driving license?
e) presentation skills?
f) ability to organize a conference or some corporate
activity?
5. How much do these criteria matter in choosing a suitable candi
date for a job? Place them in order of priority.
1. personal qualities;
2. qualifications;
3. intelligence;
4. plenty of work experience.
458
Section II EDUCATION. IT’S NECESSARY TO SUCCEED IN LIFE
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НЕОБХОДИМО, ЧТОБЫ ПРЕУСПЕТЬ
В ЖИЗНИ
VOCABULARY FOCUS
459
a prejudice (against) [preGVdIs] n. предрассудок, предубеждение:
A judge must be free from prejudice.
to dispel (an illusion) [dIspel] v. развеять (иллюзию): She encour-
aged us and her words dispelled our fears.
to depend on sth/sb [dIpend] phr. v. зависеть от когол.: The coun-
try depends heavily on its tourist trade. (in)dependent adj. –
(не)зависимый
to upset (an idea) [Apset] v. опрокинуть (представление),
нарушить чтол.: He upset the cup and the coffee went all over
the floor. The sudden change of the weather upset our plans.
to make sb do sth [meIk] v. заставить когол. сделать чтон.: The
pain made him cry out. Can’t you make that dog stand still?
They made her wait.
society [sqsaIqtI] n. общество: Society has a right to make people
observe the law.
proud [praVd] adj. гордый, to be proud of гордиться чемл.: His
parents were very proud when he qualified as a doctor. We’re
really proud of our children.
a priority [praIPrItI] n. приоритет: Cars coming from the left have
priority. Have you got your priorities right? Правильно ли вы
оценили, `что более и `что менее важно?
WORD35. The English suffixes en, fy and ize form verbs from nouns
BUILDING
and adjectives.
Examples:
class – classify active – activize
классифицировать активизировать
35a. Read the verbs with the suffixes fy and ize and give their
Russian equivalents.
to specify, to unify, to ratify,
to symbolize, to specialize,
to clarify, to electrify,
to harmonize, to idealize,
to modify, to identify
to characterize, to nationalize
460
35b. Form the verbs with the suffix en and suggest their
Russian equivalents.
37. Read the first letter, make up 3–4 key questions based on
the contents of the text and answer your questions.
Text A
Cultural Note
Wyoming [waIqVmIN] is a US state in the Rocky Mountains
with the smallest population of any state. It produces minerals and
wool.
461
idealistic. I fell in love with Russia, it seemed to me so alive, so
vibrant.
At the time I decided to get back to Russia to study, I was
enrolled in the International Studies program* at the University
of Wyoming (UW), a program that strongly encourages student
exchanges. The idea of being a student in a foreign country was
very exciting and challenging.
The last four months have taught me much about the Russian
language, about life and about myself. I feel that now I have a
deeper understanding of Russia and her people, although complete
understanding is impossible to achieve. Russia still seems to me
very alive and vibrant, but this time it is alive with life and not
romance. I have not tried to understand Russia in terms of life in
America. Russia is truly its own place; the Russians are people
with their own identity. Whenever I notice differences or similari-
ties, I wonder at how big life really is.
I enjoy my program of study at Saratov State University, and
the fantastic progress I have made gives me the enthusiasm to keep
up the pace. I leave here in December to finish my degree in U.W.
in May. After that I plan to go to law school, and, of course, I
would like to work with Russian. I consider my stay in Russia one
of the best decisions I’ve ever made.
Susannah Smiley
1601 Rainbow Avenue
Laramie, WY 82070
Cultural Note
Albany [O:lbqnI] is the capital city of the state of New York
in the US.
462
just recently. As part of this program I had to live in the U.S. for
one year, stay with an ordinary American family, and attend an
ordinary high school.
My American experience has dispelled some of my illusions.
Now I realize that life does not only depend on the geographical
position and economic situation of my country. I believe in human
nature and the idea that a person builds a world around him him-
self.
My year in Shaker High School in Albany, N.Y., has certainly
had its ups and downs. Living without parents I had to learn how
to deal with difficulties myself. I met a lot of wonderful people who
upset my idea of a “typical American”.
My host family and friends made my stay in America very spe-
cial. All of them were ready to help. It was really great to know
that my success meant as much to them as it did to me. I was fasci-
nated not only by the Americans, but by American culture. The
multicultural American society made me think of my own country.
Comparing the two great powers, I learnt both to be proud of
my home country and to see its weak points.
The year in the States hasn’t changed my moral values. It has
sharpened my sense and set different priorities. I’m enrolled at
Saratov State University. This is a great achievement!
Irina Ryabinina
17/25 Universitetskaya Str.
Saratov, 410078
38. Tasks
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases. Use them
in discussing the texts.
Наполненный жизнью /
ро ман ти кой, невероятно
наивное представление, идти
в ногу со временем, взлёты и
падения, справляться с труд-
ностями, оча рован куль -
турой страны, великие
Shaker Heights High School державы, слабое мес то,
463
обострило восприятие, переоценить приоритеты, это большое
достижение.
464
7. A coach is the cheapest likely way of going to Europe.
8. Mary had to stop reading for some time. There was something
wrong with her eyes.
Refuse (disagree)
Give up (stop doing sth) 1. В конце концов нам приш-
1. Она отказалась прини- лось отказаться от этой идеи.
мать участие в дебатах. 2. Ему пришлось отказаться от
2. Я отказался отвечать на занятий по болезни.
этот каверзный вопрос. 3. Все спортсмены переплыли
3. Почему вы отказали ему в озеро, кроме двоих, которые
помощи? сошли с половины дистанции
4. Он хотел на ней женить- (halfway).
ся, но она отказала ему. 4. Собака больна, она перестала
5. Водитель пытался завести есть и отказывается даже от
(to start) мотор, но он не мяса.
завёлся.
465
h) Leave out relative pronouns (относительные местоимения)
where possible.
Example:
The idea which she put forward was interesting.
The idea she put forward was interesting.
1. ... lion is ... large powerful animal. 2. Show me ... map of Europe.
3. I liked ... film I saw yesterday. 4. We stopped in front of ... big
house. 5. When I entered ... room, I saw ... student sitting at ...
desk. ... student was making ... notes. 6. Is ... salt necessary for ...
life? 7. ... rectangle with equal sides is called ... square. 8. ...
health is more important to me than ... money. 9. It’s ... interest-
ing work. 10. He spoke with ... enthusiasm which excited us all.
466
11. ... walls of his room are painted blue. 12. ... pine grows in
northern countries. 13. Pushkin, ... great Russian poet, was born
in 1799. 14. My friend, ... teacher of history, has won ... chess
tournament. 15. ... African elephant is taller than ... Indian. 16.
Yesterday I met ... friend whom I recognized at once. 17. ... butter
which is made of boiled cream tastes good. 18. This is ... most
popular play. 19. Bernard Shaw is .. most popular playwright in
his country. 20. Have they taken ... wounded to hospital? 21. ...
violin is a string instrument. 22. My father enjoys ... very good
health. 23. ... spaniel has long ears. 24. ... silk which is used for ...
aviation industry must be of ... highest quality.
467
ed to give up his job because he wasn’t _____ enough money. 9. My
husband _____ the housework, and I _____ the cooking. 10. I’m
going on vacation next week, but I haven’t _____ any plans yet.
11. Our neighbours always _____ a lot of noise on Saturday nights.
m) Look through the texts once again and answer these ques-
tions.
o) Figure it out.
Which of the two girls has made these statements? Explain their
meaning. Say if they fit in with your credo.
A person builds a world around him himself.
Russia is truly its own place. Russians are people with their own
identity.
Life does not depend on the geographical position and economic
situation of my country.
468
My success meant as much to them as it did to me.
Complete understanding of another country is impossible to
achieve.
Note!
spirit – дух; spiritual – духовный
a campus – университетский
городок
a fellow – зд. член совета
колледжа
a tutor – наставник
The University of Dublin
Text B
Trinity
Man was born to build and pass on
his achievements to future generations.
The University of Dublin has four centuries of educational
achievement behind it. Since 1592 Trinity has had a particular vision
of what a university should be. There are three main elements to it.
The compact nature of the campus brings academics and stu-
dents from all disciplines together day by day. Students have hot
discussions in an exciting atmosphere of productive interactivity.
It’s here that most students discover that they have begun to mas-
ter the skills of university study.
469
The second element of the Trinity spirit is independence of
thought. The aim has always been not simply to transfer knowl-
edge, but to create independent thinkers.
The third element, closely connected with the second, is an
openness to new ideas. This shows in a readiness to create new dis-
ciplines, to broaden the spheres of communicating knowledge.
The independence of thought and the broad vision have given
birth to many brilliant careers. The university has produced a
series of literary giants such as Jonathan Swift, Oliver Goldsmith,
Oscar Wild.
Trinity’s living tradition is a daily “Commons”, or evening
dinner, in the old Dining hall. For nearly four centuries students
and fellows have gathered to eat together each evening breaking
down the barriers between academic disciplines through spiritual
conversation.
Like Oxbridge, Trinity practises another longstanding college
tradition – the emphasis on tutorship. Each student has a tutor
who keeps an eye on his progress throughout his university career.
Tutors advise students who experience difficulties with their aca-
demic studies and guide them in terms of the many challenges of
university life.
Сultural Note
For 700 years the two universities – Oxford and Cambridge
have dominated British education and today they dominate more
than ever. Less than 1 per cent of Britain’s population go to
Oxbridge and make up one of the most elite elites in the world.
Oxbridge graduates often go on to become powerful in British soci-
ety. Because of this, people consider Oxbridge as part of the British
establishment (правящая элита) and class system, and use the
word Oxbridge in terms of high standards in learning and teach-
ing.
40. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences in the text with the word combinations
and phrases below. Translate them into Russian.
Had a particular vision of, productive interactivity, to master
the skills, this shows in, to transfer/communicate knowledge,
470
breaking down the barriers, spiritual conversation, have gathered
together, a longstanding tradition, to keep an eye on sth, through-
out his career, to experience difficulties.
471
Is Trinity a democratic organization? Give your reasons.
Like Trinity, Oxbridge is very much like a federation of
independent “republics” – colleges. How does a collegial
university structure function?
Which of the points below prove that Oxbridge is a democratic
institution?
1. Colleges deal with their own projects and funds.
2. Colleges enrol students on their own.
3. Colleges interact with other state institutions.
472
общения. Тем самым они развивают способность студентов не
теряться в реальных контактах с носителями языка.
(To exist, was located, to found, are divided into, a Stalinera sky-
scraper, is 32 storeys high, a target language, audiovisual equip-
ment, an atmosphere of natural communication, a native speaker.)
A job interview
Susan Lee: Hello, could you connect me with the Personnel
Department, please?
Operator: Just a moment, please...Go ahead...
Ed Silver: Hello, Ed Silver, Personnel.
Susan Lee: This is Susan Lee speaking. I’m calling about the
Administrative Assistant position you advertised in
yesterday’s Daily Courier.
Ed Silver: Ah, yes, that job is still open, Miss. Lee. If you feel
that you’re qualified for it, we could arrange for a job
interview.
Susan Lee: Yes, Mr. Silver. I do have those qualifications and
I’m very interested in that job.
Ed Silver: Fine, Miss Lee. When would it be convenient for you
to come in for an interview?
473
Susan Lee: Any time next week, Mr. Silver. Mornings are usually
better for me.
Ed Silver: Umm ... say 9 o’clock on Wednesday.
Susan Lee: Hold on, I’ll check my appointment book... yes, that
would suit me.
Ed Silver: OK. See you on Wednesday at 9. Goodbye.
Susan Lee: Goodbye, Mr. Silver.
Questions.
A business call
Note! I thought as much – так я и думал
He’s on another line – он разговаривает по
другому телефону
Leon Hill: Hello, Leon Hill here. I’d like to speak to Jay
Stewart, please.
Secretary: Hello, Mr. Hill. Jay Stewart is in his office.
He’s on another line. Can you hang on?
Leon Hill: Yes, certainly.
Secretary: I’m putting you through to Mr. Stewart now.
Jay Stewart: Leon! Good to hear from you!
Leon Hill: Hello Jay. I phoned you the other day, but
couldn’t get hold of you.
Jay: So sorry I missed you when you wanted to
contact me. You know, I was away all week.
Leon: I thought as much. Umm...Jay, are you
informed of that tricky problem of ours?
Jay: Exactly. Is this what you’re ringing me about?
Leon: Right. We must get together, Jay, and discuss
things in detail.
Jay: Good idea. We can make an appointment for
next week.
474
Leon: That sounds fine. I’m just going to be in your
area next Tuesday. Would you like to join me
for lunch?
Jay: Thanks for your invitation. I’d be delighted to
come.
Leon: Then we could have a bit of a planning ses-
sion. Is 12.30 convenient for you?
Jay: I think that suits me fine. Still let me phone
you back Tuesday morning.
Leon: Please do. Looking forward to hearing from
you again, Jay, and thanks.
Jay: That’s O.K., Leon. Bye.
Questions.
43. Make sure you understand phrases like these. Match the
words on the left with their equivalents on the right.
475
4. Hold on! d) I’m connecting you!
5. That suits me fine. e) Let’s arrange an appointment.
6. Exactly! f) I’d be very pleased.
7. Have a bit of a planning g) I wanted to contact you, but...
session.
8. I’d be delighted. h) Hang on!
44. Choose the most suitable phrases on the right and build a
telephone conversation.
1. Can I speak to Miss a) You must have the wrong area code.
Nelson, please? b) There’s no one by that name here.
c) Miss Nelson is not in now. She’s out
for lunch.
d) Who did you say you wanted to speak
to?
476
to make and you even don’t know how to write a resume. Phone
your friend about it. Fix the place and the time of your meeting.
JOKE SPOT
Appointments
MAKING AN APPOINTMENT
ДОГОВОРЁННОСТЬ О ВСТРЕЧЕ
48. Read the following letter and translate the underlined phrases.
Remember!
to look forward to sth/doing sth – предвкушать, ждать
с нетерпением чегол.
477
Please feel free to choose whichever day suits you best.
We would appreciate if you could let us know your decision as
promptly as you can.
Yours sincerely,
Lee Golden
48a. Simulation.
Using the standard phrases of inquiry write a private letter to
your correspondent.
Offer the date and place for a meeting, inquire what suits him
most and ask him what other information he thinks you should bring.
Test 16
478
2. Open the brackets and put the verbs in their proper tense
forms.
479
2. – Как давно вы её знаете? – С тех пор, как она стала зани-
маться литературой. Она всегда была старательной студенткой
и никогда не останавливалась на полпути.
3. – Вы cделали свой выбор? – Ещё нет. Всё зависит от того,
сколько готов потратить мой отец.
4. С нетерпением жду встречи с Джоном. Не помню, когда я
видел его в последний раз.
5. – Вы уже подали заявление о приёме на работу? – Да, на
прошлой неделе я написал резюме, а затем договорился о
собеседовании.
6. – Вы только что записались на курсы английского языка, не
так ли? – Да, я должен был поддержать друга, который пред-
ложил посещать занятия вместе. Подзаняться языком – это
отличная идея.
7. Он ждёт ответа несколько недель, но до сих пор не получил
никакого известия.
480
Word List (Unit 16)
A H O
achieve have a command opportunity
achievement
aim I P
annoy identity panic
astronaut incredible position
in terms of prejudice (against)
B introduction principal
brush up priority
J promotion
C jont venture proud
calm
challenge K Q
capable (of) knowledge qualify as/for
carry out
challenge R
L reaction
D letter of introduction resume
deal (with) look forward (to) romance
degree
do one’s best S
M seem
E make an appointment society
economic make a choice spacecraft
encourage make a decision
exhaust make a discovery T
experiment make notes take up
make a phone call
F make a reservation U
fall in / out of love make sure upset (a plan)
(with) master a skill urge
former multicultural
function W
N willing
G naive
give up
guide
481
UNIT 17
SHOW REASON AND TOLERANCE
Все, что нам нужно – это разум и терпимость
AGENDA
* Future Simple. Future
modals.
If and whenclauses.
Future in the Past.
(See Grammar
Supplement, p. 591)
* The world conservation
movement.
* Discussing probability.
At the conference
482
порта». За прошедшие 20 лет конференции ООН по пробле-
они стали важнейшим аспек- мам окружающей среды. Каж-
том международных отно- дая нация выдвигает для пере-
шений. говоров широкий круг вопро-
сов (to bring to the negotiating
table a wide range of issues).
Скажите, что вы понимаете,
как трудно достичь согласия.
Попросите британского дип- Выразите уверенность, что обе
ломата сделать прогноз отно- страны направят свои усилия
сительно того, как будут на достижение (cooperate
развиваться британско/рос- toward) бо´льшей стабильности
сий ские отношения в в Европе и мире.
будущем.
2. What do the stars say about next year happenings? Match the
words in the columns below.
483
Remember! a scientist [saIqntIst] – учёный
You will win famous some day.
The queen will be in restaurants.
There will become much warmer.
Scientists will make on a long journey.
Life will go changes in our life.
Brazil will eat out the football championship.
More people will get different in many ways.
The weather will have remarkable discoveries.
484
2. She will forget about you.
3. It will be very warm in spring.
4. John will apply for a new job.
5. We’ll do a course in ecology [IkPlqGI] next year.
6. You will move into a new flat.
7. He will need George to help him.
8. “Dynamo” will win the hockey match.
* When do you think you will make a decision? Вопрос в вопросе, после
которого следует прямой порядок слов в предложении.
485
6. Read some of the scientists’ predictions.
“What will everyday life be in the 21st century?”
486
and operate computers, to power the cars that get us around, the
tractors that plant food, the hospitals that serve our sick.
Tasks.
a) Answer the questions listed in the text.
b) Ask and give more detailed answers.
d) My predictions.
Imagine the future of your country. Try to express your fantasy
in words and make notes having in mind a few different aspects.
487
Set 2 What will you be able to do?
Что вы сможете сделать?
488
9. Read these conversations and dramatize similar dialogues
using the clues below.
Remember!
pollution [pqlu:Sqn] – загрязнение окружающей
среды
489
Example:
Arthur has to catch the 8.15 bus. It’s 8.20 now and Arthur
is just running out of the house.
Arthur won’t be able to catch the 8.15 bus. He will have to
catch the next bus.
I’m awfully sorry! Oh, that’s all right. It’s not your fault.
Forget it. It’s not important.
Never mind. It doesn’t really matter.
You cannot help it. – Ничего не
поделаешь.
490
1. Join you for the concert / study for the exam.
2. Come to your birthday party / receive foreign guests.
3. Make an appointment for 5 o’clock / work overtime.
4. Show the delegation round the city / go away on business.
5. Buy railway tickets tomorrow / wait for the plumber.
13. Ask the other students to advise you on the coming holiday.
491
Example: 1. where? Where shall we go?
2. seaside/mountains? Shall we go to the
seaside or the mountains?
13a. What did your friends say about the ideas in task 13?
Example:
– What will you do, if the weather is nasty?
– I’ll visit a museum.
492
A B
Note!
hotel facilities [fqsIlItIz] – условия для
проживания в гостинице
493
b) Which of them will you need if you’re on a business trip / on a
family holiday?
17. Say what might happen, if Mike doesn’t follow his friends’
advice when on holiday.
Use the phrases below.
Example: A. Mike’s friends tell him he shouldn’t drive
so fast.
B. They are right. If he drives too fast, he
might have an accident.
Note! to get cramp in one’s leg – сводить ногу
судорогой
On holiday
1. If the weather is nasty on the day of our departure, ... 2. Before
we take a taxi, ... 3. As soon as we arrive at the airport, ... 4. While
I’m on holiday,... 5. I’ll continue to lie in the sun until ...6. My
friend will get bored if/unless... 7. I’ll have to go to the lost prop-
erty office if ... 8. If I don’t get a letter from my parents till the end
of the week,... 9. My Mum and Dad will really miss me if/
unless...10. We’ll go home as soon as ...
494
19. Listening.
You’ll hear two people discussing their summer holidays.
c) On your own.
Make up a chain story. One student says a sentence, another
takes over and so on. Summarize your partners’ story.
Examples:
1. If I save a lot of money, I’ll go to Miami. If I go to Miami, I’ll…
2. If George saves a lot of money, he…
495
20. Translate the following story from Russian into English using
the words below the text. Copy it out and report it.
496
21. Roleplay the following situation “Will we be able to meet?”
Partner A: Partner B:
You’re travelling to America You work in the centre of
on holiday next week. This London. You’d very much like
means you will have to fly first to see your Russian friend using
to London where your British an hour’s break for lunch, but
colleague lives. You’d like to the journey to the airport takes
see him during your short stay about 40 minutes. Perhaps your
there. Give your colleague a friend could come into town to
ring to arrange a meeting. You see you.
start.
Partner A Partner B
Look, will we be able to meet Shall I ...?
next week?
It doesn’t look as if you will be I’m sorry, but that’s not possible.
able to ... . Do you mind ... (+ /ing)?
I am really looking forward to
seeing you. If you like, I can
... Do you think I could ...?
That’s very kind of you, but Thank you, I’d appreciate that.
please don’t bother.
21a. Describe how the situation in task 21 was acted out by your
colleagues. While quoting their words make use of the following
reporting verbs.
He / she
497
Section II HOW TO KEEP THE WORLD GREEN
КАК СОХРАНИТЬ ПЛАНЕТУ ЗЕЛЁНОЙ
Tomorrow belongs to me
VOCABULARY FOCUS
498
drive after hearing the forecast. sensible adj. разумный: It was
very sensible of you to bring your umbrella.
point [pPInt] n. суть дела, главное, пункт, аргумент: I’m in a
hurry, so come/get to the point. There were two or three points
in your speech that I didn’t understand.
to establish [IstxblIS] v. учреждать, утверждать,
устанавливать: His latest film has really established his reputa/
tion as a director.
to destroy [dIstrOI]v. разрушать, уничтожать: She
destroyed all his letters.
a gap [gxp] n. пробел, брешь: There are wide gaps in my knowl/
edge of history. It is necessary to fill up/ bridge the gap between
school and university.
to cause [kO:z] v. причинить, вызывать: What caused the
accident? The car has caused me a lot of trouble. a cause n.
причина, повод (для беспокойства)
consumption [kqnsAmpSqn] n. потребление: The car’s fuel
consumption is very high.
government [gAvqnmqnt] n. правительство: The Prime
Minister formed a government.
justice [GAstIs] n. справедливость: The police do all they
can to bring criminals to justice.
WORD BUILDING
23. The English suffixes ful and less form adjectives from
nouns. Read the adjectives with the suffixes ful and less and
translate them into Russian.
Examples:
hopeful (having the quality of...) подающий надежды
hope – hopeless (without the quality of...) безнадёжный
/ful /less
Useful, careful, peaceful, Useless, careless, aimless, sense-
powerful, meaningful, pur- less, powerless, motionless, pur-
poseful. poseless, meaningless.
499
24. Study the verbs below and state the meaning of the prefix in
the following verbs.
Cultural Note
Greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект) is a result of pollu-
tion. It causes global warming of the air because greenhouse gas,
esp. carbon dioxide [daIPksaId] (углекислый газ), collects in space
around the Earth.
Text A
The World Conservation Movement
When you think of the 21st century, do you see the best of
times, or the worst of times? Environmentalists are by nature opti-
mistic, but they realize that the health of the whole planet will
depend on new technologies and a big change in attitude.
WHY HAS THE EARTH’S ENVIRONMENT CHANGED?
The year of 1998 saw massive forest fires in Indonesia, Brazil
and Central America; floods in China and storms in the USA.
Thousands of people died.
Many political leaders are beginning to see these phenomena as
connected to each other and to the way people live. The earth’s
500
environment has changed because of our careless interaction with
its resources. Jacques Chirac was right when he said, “Man has got
powerful tools, but hasn’t yet learnt how to master them and how
to transform himself into a sensible steward of the earth. Though
it is too late to prevent global warming, it is senseless to ignore it.”
WHO STARTED THE WORLD CONSERVATION
MOVEMENT? WHAT IS ITS POLICY?
This is the point of the 1997 Kyoto (Japan) Protocol – signed
by 84 nations, but not ratified by the U.S. Senate – which would
limit developed countries’ carbon emissions from cars and power
plants.
The World Conservation Union (the IUCN*) is the world’s
largest organization that sees a future in the context of the past.
After 50 years of work on the global level (it has established con-
tacts with 139 countries) the IUCN must move ahead, focusing on
the five fronts.
THE ENERGY CRISIS There’s an old saying in English: What
goes up, must come down. Industrialized areas in Europe send
about 20 million tons of sulphur (сера) into the air every year pro-
ducing greenhouse gases.
THE EXTINCTION (истребление) CRISIS Greenhouse gases
don’t only change the climate of our planet, but also mix with
clouds to form acid (кислотные) rains that kill fish and vegeta-
tion.
THE WATER CRISIS Pollution has put most sources of fresh
water at risk. It is destroying rivers, lakes and oceans that make up
95% of the planet’s biosphere.
THE SECURITY CRISIS The large gap between the haves and
have/nots will place natural resources at the centre of conflict.
Since the beginning of history, war has been a means of resolving
differences. But modern wars add to global warming and cause
ecological catastrophes.
THE CONSUMPTION CRISIS In our culture of overconsumption
we use more food, water and energy each day. If we do not get away
from need of things, we will be unable to resolve any other crises.
We must develop materials that are easier to recycle and to reuse.
* The IUCN – организация была учреждена во Франции, и данная аббревиатура –
калька с французского.
501
Sharing his vision of tomorrow’s world
Kofi A. Annan, Secretary General of the
United Nations, said, “The UN will take
international cooperation to a new level
for the common good. It must be the
place where governments and organiza-
tions such as the World Conservation
Union can come together in partnership
for peace, for justice, for human rights
and for environmental protection.”
27. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases. Use them
in discussing the text.
Будeт зависеть от новых технологий, был свидетелем
сильных пожаров и ураганов, эти явления взаимосвязаны,
небрежное обращение с ресурсами, установить контакты,
превратиться в разумного хозяина земли, суть протокола,
ограничило бы выделение углерода, подвергать риску, пропасть
между имущими и неимущими, средство разрешения
противоречий, избавиться от вещизма, на общее благо.
c) Pick out words and phrases relating to ecology.
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
502
e) Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by words and
phrases from the text.
g) Become, get, go, grow and turn can all be used to talk
about changes of state. Translate the following sentences from
English into Russian and remember how to use these verbs.
503
1. The sky became cloudy. 2. It was becoming very dark. 3. What do
you have to do to become a pilot? 4. He became king at the age of 17.
5. We’ll soon become acclimatized to the warmer weather. 6. It
became clear that he was lying. 7. After her father’s death she
became the richest woman in the world.
1. The food is getting old. 2. The cat’s getting too old to catch any
mice. 3. You get younger every day. 4. He’s getting better (after an
illness). 5. They got married in 1986, and got divorced two years
later. 6. She’s nice when you get to know her. 7. After a few weeks
I got to like the job better.
Go +
{ colour adjectives
(when the change in colour is not long/lasting)
other adjectives
(to show changes in quality for the worse)
1. She’s growing fat. 2. The noise grew louder. 3. It’s growing dark.
4. The sound of the music grew faint. 5. When they grew rich, they
began to drop their old friends. 6. Without noticing it he grew old.
7. As the weather grows colder, your thoughts turn to holidays in
the sun.
1. In autumn the leaves turn yellow. 2. This hot sun will turn the
504
grass brown. 3. She suddenly turned pale when she heard the bad
news. 4. The milk will turn sour if you don’t put it in the fridge.
5. He turns nasty after he’s had a couple of drinks. 6. She turned
bright red and ran out of the room.
i) Look through the text once again and answer these questions.
505
While discussing the statements above you may need the fol-
lowing arguments.
29. Translate the following text from Russian into English using
the phrases below.
506
(As early as today, automation, to replace sb, to extend the ability,
diagnostics, will never be a cure/all for sth, a border, common
sense.)
31. Read the joke aloud and report it. Make a note of one or two
key words, if necessary.
507
JOKE SPOT
Automation
It was the first commercial flight to Mars. Fifty specially selected
passengers got into the space/shuttle. The shuttle took off, there
was a lot of noise for one minute and then there was silence. Out of
their windows, the passengers could see the Earth get smaller and
smaller. Then they heard a voice.
“Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the first com-
mercial flight to Mars. As you probably know, this space/shuttle is
completely controlled by robots so that you can be sure that noth-
ing will go wrong .....go wrong.....go wrong.....go wrong.....go
wrong.....”
Cultural Note
Culture shock is the shock of misunderstanding a different
and unfamiliar culture.
strict – строгий
gum wrapper – обёртка от жевательной резинки
stare at sb – пристально смотреть на кого/л., таращить глаза
508
yell at sb – вопить, (за)кричать на кого/л.
precious [preSqs] – драгоценный
to push sb – толкнуть кого/л.
insane [InseIn] – ненормальный
Text B
Walking in the Woods
509
or Italian! I’m American, damn it! What the hell do you
want?!” And he turned and pointed at my gum wrapper.
And then I saw he was a cop. He was a Swiss policeman.
B.: Oh, dear.
H.: And he tried to drag me back to this gum wrapper. I said,
“Tell me what you want,” and he said, “Aufheben!” The
paper.”Aufheben!”
B.: Pick it up.
H.: Exactly.
B.: And did you?
H.: No, I didn’t pick it up.
B.: Really? Why not?
H.: Would you?
B.: Of course.
H.: Well, I didn’t. I wanted to say, “ Look – I spend all day,
every day, working to prevent the total destruction of
every living thing on this planet. The whole planet, even
Switzerland. I’m trying to preserve the last few precious
days of life you may have coming to you. But I can’t do it if
I’m not allowed to throw gum wrappers on the sidewalk. Do
you understand? It’s too much pressure! I can’t worry about
everything!”
B.: But you didn’t say that.
H.: No. I said, “I’m a very important person.”
B.: What did he say to you?
H.: “Aufheben!”
B.: And you said?
H.: No! Then he tried to arrest me. By this time people were
stopping, looking at me and shaking their heads.
B.: Congratulations! An international incident!
H.: Anyway, he tried to push me again, and I ... I don’t know
why I did this, but actually ... I pushed him.
B.: Did you hurt him?
H.: No, he didn’t even fall over. But the others – the people
around us – they were shocked. The old cop stared at me
like I was insane.
B.: You were.
H.: So I quickly took out my identification, held it open and
said, “Diplomat” and pointed to myself. I kept saying, “It’s
510
all right – I’m a diplomat,” but the circle of people got
wider and wider, and the cop turned and walked away from
me as fast as he could. And everyone else did the same. I’ve
never behaved that way in public before.
B.: You were having a bad day.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the sentences with the following word combinations and
translate them into English.
d) Figure it out.
511
– pressure from the chief;
– cultural misunderstanding;
– too much work.
34. Do this cultural test to find out how well you know yourself
and if you try to understand other people and their way of thinking.
Tick (V) letters a, b or c.
512
... feels he had better start a discus- a Strongly
sion than a quarrel. b In two minds
c Prefer attack
Fantastic! 15–22 show that you are an easy/going person and you
know how to avoid personal conflicts.
Not bad! 8–14 show that you are able to communicate differently
in different situations. The rise in anger is always based on misun-
derstanding.
Attention! 0–7 say that you should be more perceptive to any
other views and mentality and learn to control your emotions.
513
What made you feel angry / feel blue? Was it because ...
36. Often we have no control over future events. But we can try
to predict if something might happen or not. Study some ways of
stating probability.
514
b) Fill in the blanks in task 36 with the suitable words from the
dialogue.
Remember!
weather forecast – прогноз погоды
Note!
to wrap [rxp] up warm – одеваться тепло, укутываться
fairly mild – довольно мягкий
James Preston: Lovely day, isn’t it? Fairly mild for this time
of year.
Bob Troy: Hmm, it’s quite nice now, but I’m sure it will
rain soon. I’ve got my umbrella with me, just
in case.
James Preston: Well, it could turn out warm and sunny. Our
English weather is so changeable, you can
never be too sure.
Bob Troy: I expect it’ll be cold and dull all day tomorrow.
It’s getting cool already. What kind of
weather do you prefer?
James Preston: I like all sorts of weather, but it gets on my
nerves when it’s windy! By the way, I was
planning to go to the sea/side for the weekend.
Bob Troy: Hmm, I don’t know, but it might possibly be
windy tomorrow. Wrap up warm. There’s no
bad weather, there are bad clothes.
James Preston: It’s 11 o’clock now. I’ll turn on the radio, let’s
listen to the weather forecast.
Questions.
515
his exact words.
5. Why does Bob give James advice about warm clothes?
38. Listening.
You’ll hear a broadcast about the weather that Bob and James
listened to on the radio.
a) Read the following statements and decide if they are true or
false.
Remember!
to spread [spred] – распространяться
westerly (of the wind) – с запада
12 degrees Centigrade – 12 градусов по Цельсию
The radio transmits the details of the weather for the whole of
England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
Tomorrow will start off dry and bright in most areas.
By midday there will be quite a wind.
You can expect some rain and easterly winds in most places in
the afternoon.
The temperature will be lower than yesterday.
In the evening Southern England will see the best of tomorrow’s
weather.
516
39. Predict the weather where you are.
a) Make sure you understand phrases like these. Match the
words on the left with their Russian equivalents on the right.
517
c) Work in pairs.
Try to predict next week’s weather. Decide how you will use the
expressions of stating probability. Choose one of the 4 groups of
words in task b) and support it through the whole conversation.
A FOLLOWUP
ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ УСТНОЙ ДОГОВОРЁННОСТИ
41. Read the letter below and translate it from English into
Russian. Notice how the letter confirms the previous arrangement.
Note!
a convention room – зал заседаний
a keynote address – основной доклад
a guest of honour [Pnq] – почётный гость
a topic – тема
July 3, 20__
518
cussed in our recent conversation, the colloquium will take place
on June 29 in the convention room at the Blackduck Inn.
The colloquium will begin with the keynote address at 10:30
A.M. At 11:00, you will join our other guests of honour in a
debate on the topic “The cost of Conservation: Public or Private
Responsibilities?”
Along with the other members of the Committee, I am looking
forward to our meeting on the 29th.
Sincerely yours,
CONFIRMATION
ПОДТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДОКУМЕНТА
519
С нетерпением жду скорой встречи.
С искренним уважением
Н. Симпсон
Исполнительный директор
Test 17
1. I’ll open the window _____ it stops raining. 2. Give Alice anoth-
er piece of advice ____ it keeps her quiet. 3. ____ you are in London
next month, you must come and see me then. 4. Brian might phone
this evening. ____ he does, can you take a message? 5. _____ I play
tennis with Jack, he always wins. 6. He’s looking for a job. Will
you be able to help him, ____ he doesn’t find it? 7. I hope to be
there by 10.30. But ____ I’m not there, don’t wait for me. 8. Betsy
is feeling very tired. She’ll go straight to bed ______ she gets
home.
2. Open the brackets and use the correct verb form (Simple
Present or Future).
1. What ______ fashion _____ (to be) like in the year 2025? 2. I’ve
already broken two plates. ______ I _______ (to go on) washing
up? 3. There _______ (not to be) any trouble, ______ there? 4. I
__________ (not to know) when he ____________ (to leave) for
the south. 5. It probably _______ (not to snow) in Western Europe.
6. Can you tell me when Mrs. Ellis _______ (to be) back? 7. If you
__________ (not to work) hard, you __________ (not to be able) to
pass the test and __________ (to fail) your exam.
520
3. Put questions to which the underlined words are the answers.
4. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles and justify their usage.
Weather signs
521
3. Cколько времени потребуется, чтобы установить контакты с
этой фирмой?
4. Если он последует совету своего дяди, то ему удастся избежать
неприятностей.
5. Вы выбросили вчерашнюю газету с прогнозом погоды? В нём
говорилось, что на следующей неделе температура повысится.
6. Вам предстоит сделать необходимые приготовления в связи с
международной конференцией, которая состоится через
десять дней. Когда вы сможете начать?
7. В будущем учёные найдут средства от всех болезней. Чтобы
контролировать вес, людям придётся сочетать диету с заряд-
кой.
522
Word List (Unit 17)
A H T
attitude hire throw away
avoid ton
I transform
C ignore transformation
catastrophe in this connection
cause
close at hand P
connect phenomenon
consensus point
conservation pollution
consumption predict
context prediction
crisis prevent
cure prevention
protect
D protection
destroy push
disease
doubt Q
quarrel
E queue
ecology
ecological R
emission rude
environment run out (of)
establish contacts
excursion S
save
F scientist
facilities sense
flood spread
forecast steward
strict
G
garbage
gap
523
UNIT 18
THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL
Мысли широко, действуй конкретно
AGENDA
* Compounds of “some”,
“any”, “no”, “every”.
Complex object with the
infinitive.
Have something done.
(See Grammar Supplement,
p. 597)
* Democracy. National heroes
/ heroines.
* Asking for clarification.
524
3. REFERRING TO MATERIALS WHICH SUPPORT THIS POINT
As an example of this let me turn to…
In support of this view I can quote X.
4. CONCLUDING A TALK
In conclusion, I’d like to say that…
525
A. I want to buy a car, but I don’t have anything special in mind.
B. What about a “Honda”? It is a good and rather inexpensive car.
One of these cars is to the left of you.
A. Maggie doesn’t dance with anybody at all!
B. You can bring anyone else to the party. Come any time after 8.
A. I’m afraid I have to make a serious complaint.
B. What seems to be the trouble?
A. I ordered a 3M tape recorder from you, and I think someone has
made a mistake and sent me the wrong model.
B. We are very sorry for the inconvenience, Mr. Adams. It’s some
thing that doesn’t often happen.
526
3. Practise this conversation and dramatize similar dialogues
using the prompts below.
5. Make up a dialogue.
One of your electric appliances went wrong. You’ve taken it to
the workshop. Talk to the repairman.
527
a) Choose the most suitable phrases on the right.
b) Simulate this conversation using the list of objects from task 3.
You Repairman
1. I’ve got a bit of (a) problem a. I’ll have to check it. Could you
here, you see. come tomorrow?
2. I’m afraid I’ve lost it. b. That depends on what’s wrong
3. How much will it cost? with it.
4. I think the batteries are c. When did you buy it?
dead, you have to replace d. Then I’ll have to charge you.
them. e. Have you kept the guarantee?
6. Read the joke aloud and retell it. Make a note of one or two
key words, if necessary.
JOKE SPOT
Sales Talk
7. Read the text and analyze the use of the compound pro-
nouns.
Remember!
to make a special effort – сделать особое усилие
528
to come round – забежать, зайти к комул., кто
живёт поблизости
Tasks.
a) Which of these statements reflects best Walter’s views on car
servicing?
529
8. Pairwork “Having things done”. (See Grammar Supplement,
unit 14.)
You may need the following words:
a bulb – лампочка
to pump a tyre – подкачать шину
to do the checking and fixing of one’s car – сделать профилактику
своей машины
to charge a battery – зарядить аккумулятор
an indicator – указатель поворотов
Example:
A. Your car needs servicing. Will you repair it yourself?
B. Oh, no. I’ll have it repaired. The garage that I use is very
reasonable.
b) In turn, ask your friend how often he has his car checked and
fixed. For questions use the words from the list above.
c) Your car is malfunctioning in several ways. Let the group
advise you for each of these situations.
Example:
A. What has been going wrong?
B. The brake light hasn’t been working.
A. You ought to / need to have the bulb changed.
530
5. The radiator has run out of water. / Put some water into the
radiator.
6. The radiator has run out of antifreeze. / Put some
antifreeze into the radiator.
7. The starter has burnt out. / Replace the starter.
8. The rear window was broken. / Fix it.
9. The tyre is low on air. / Pump it.
В авторемонтной мастерской
9. Your friends offer you their help. Say what you want them to
do for you.
531
1. borrow a dictionary for me 5. look after my pets while I’m
away
2. borrow some newspapers 6. help me improve my pronuncia
for me tion
3. repair a hairdryer for me 7. put me in touch with a repair
man
4. enroll me in a health club 8. fix an interview appointment
for me
532
12. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
You’re working in Great Britain. Today you are meeting your col-
leagues from Moscow at London Heathrow. One of the visitors has
come through Customs (таможня) and is with you. The other is
delayed at the luggage claim because one of his cases is missing.
Вы хотите, чтобы:
Таксист:
а) водитель отвёз одного пас-
сажира в отель Шератон; а) согласитесь отвезти пас-
б) водитель подождал, пока вы с сажиров;
другим пассажиром не выйдете б) у вас есть заказ из центра
из зала прибытия (arrivals); города;
в) водитель сделал вторую в) вы будете вновь свободны
поездку в Шератон; через час;
г) водитель подождал несколько г) вы могли бы отменить
минут возле гостиницы и отвёз заказ по телефону, но если
вас домой. вы отмените заказ, то
вынуждены будете удвоить
плату за проезд.
533
Set 3 A conflict of interests
Конфликт интересов
14. Build as many sentences from the table as you can. Mind
you don’t use “to” after make and let.
I want you make great progress.
We ask my office hours last from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.
They tellthem to get on their nerves.
me not to buy stamped envelopes.
their son drop litter in the park.
________ Fred ______ be bossy in the group.
him throw away piles of paper.
He makes us ($) keep her promise.
She lets Sheila / her invite our friends to tea.
them work overtime.
John: Christine:
1. give up bad habits 1. attend my classes in grammar
2. join the army 2. do some letterwriting
3. do my military service 3. take a serious decision
4. tell the police about the 4. take my entrance exams
accident
5. check my feelings 5. train as a teacher
16. Using the prompts below speak about your parents’ atti-
tudes.
1. go swimming / go parachuting
2. arrange parties / drink alcohol
3. go shopping / buy things on impulse
534
4. do some extra work / sit late at night
5. play chess / play Monopoly all evening
6. listen to pop music / listen to rap
18. Listening.
Two old men are sitting on a bus. You’ll hear them talking about
the young generation.
Remember!
to keep house – вести хозяйство
to look after sb – присматривать, ухаживать за кемн.
manners – манеры, нравы, поведение
a) Tick the columns according to who says what. There are two
points which no one mentions.
535
1st man 2nd man
1. All the boys look more like girls.
2. You don’t have to be sociable unless you
want to be.
3. They don’t teach girls how to look after
children or how to keep house.
4. Things aren’t what they used to be.
5. Everything’s upside down these days.
6. People are fairly nice to each other.
7. People haven’t even got good manners any
more.
c) On your own.
19. Support one of the opposite viewpoints and give your line of
reasoning.
Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it.
Today the difference is very marked indeed.
536
Remember!
behaviour [bIheIvjq] – поведение, манеры
Note! sinful – грешный
A B
1. The new gods for teenagers 1. Enjoyment is not sinful. It is
are money and materialism. surely not wrong to enjoy your
work and leisure.
2. A wild haircut (punk hair 2. Who said that all the men in
style) is suggestive of wild the world should wear grey suits
behaviour. and dull haircuts?
3. The youth has learnt to 3. The old have not created the
question the wisdom of its best of all possible worlds. Today,
elders, but it has so far found they could learn a thing or two
nothing to replace it with. from their children.
537
20. Read the following words and word combinations and
remember how to use them.
VOCABULARY FOCUS
538
to represent [, reprIzent] v. изображать, cимволизировать,
выступать от имени, представлять: He represents Britain at
the UN. It was a tall stone figure representing the god of war.
to incorporate [InkO:pq, reIt] v. включать, объединять в себе,
содержать: His report incorporates the latest trends.
an agreement [qgri:m qnt] n. cоглашение, договор: The two sides
were unable to reach agreement. You have broken our agree-
ment by not finishing the job in time.
to violate [vaIqleIt] v. нарушать, попирать, идти вразрез с чемн.:
This violates the spirit of the agreement.
violation n. нарушение: brutal violations of human rights.
well$being [welbi:IN] n. благополучие, благосостояние: The warm
sunny weather always gives me a sense of wellbeing.
WORD BUILDING
b) Form adjectives from the nouns below using the suffix al
and translate them into Russian.
539
Example:
to change (изменяться) – сhangeable (изменчивый)
– changeability (непостоянство,
способность к переменам)
Text A
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
“Democracy is the government of the
people, by the people, for the people.”
A. Lincoln
540
thought that the words “all men are born equal” were of no practi-
cal use, as they carried no legal force. But throughout his career,
Lincoln used that majestic phrase as a political tool in the struggle
against slavery. He wanted the world to know that it was a stum-
bling block to all those who in after times might try to turn free
people back into the hateful paths of despotism.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the
United Nations (UN) in 1948 became the legal and moral basis of a
continuing global campaign for democracy. At that time it was
essential to promote universal respect for human rights. The dec-
laration expressed the felt truth of the age and represented demo-
cratic standards for free society.
Since then many powerful leaders have repeated words of
devotion to human rights. They incorporated the principles of the
Declaration into constitutions and international agreements.
Gradually human rights became a political force, though not
always a constant one. Even now, more than fifty years after the
adoption of the Universal Declaration much remains to be done.
The task of the UN and other organizations is to protect millions
of people from the violation of human rights. All the countries of
Europe acting through international organizations must work
together to promote democratic reforms, stability and wellbeing.
25. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Find the English for the following Russian phrases and use
them in discussing the text.
541
d) Match each word on the left with its dictionary definition on
the right.
f) Choose the words from the box and fill in the blanks. Translate
these sentences into Russian.
adopt promotion exist struggle regulate election legal stumbling
542
2. The company intends to take _______ action over this matter.
3. There are strict rules that _______ the use of chemicals in food.
4. Foreigners can hardly master the ______ blocks of Russian
grammar.
5. The committee _______ my suggestions.
6. It wasn’t easy, but he didn’t give up the ______ for life.
7. There are good chances of ______ in this firm.
8. The Roman Empire ______ for several centuries.
Remember!
security [sikjVqrItI] – безопасность
poverty – бедность
Note!
to contribute to sth – содействовать чемул.
543
The UN * to promote respect for human rights;
* to protect the environment;
* to fight disease, to reduce poverty.
544
28. Translate the following passage from Russian into English
using a suitable word from the list below.
От конфронтации к сотрудничеству
После окончания холодной войны ни одна международная
организация в одиночку не обладала достаточными ресурсами
для решения актуальных политических вопросов. НАТО, Cовет
Европы, ООН, Европейский Союз (EC) и ОБСЕ начали бороться
сообща за обеспечение безопасности и стабильности в Европе.
ОБСЕ, учреждённая в 1973 году, включает в себя 55 евро-
пейских странучастниц. За годы своего существования ОБСЕ
боролась за предотвращение межнациональных конфликтов,
сохранение мира. В то время как ОБСЕ участвовала в миро-
творческих операциях, ЕС обеспечивал финансовую поддержку
этим акциям.
Нации должны от конфронтации повернуться лицом к
cотрудничеству. Наилучшая гарантия терпимости по отноше-
нию ко всем группам в обществе – это демократия. ОБСЕ уда-
лось cоединить два понятия – принципы Хельсинского процесса
1975 г. и принципы Декларации прав человека. С одной стороны,
мир и безопасность, с другой, – демократия, верховенство
закона и уважение прав человека.
(История ОБСЕ в документах)
Questions.
545
29. Agree or disagree with the opinions expressed in the inter-
views below.
546
Are there any things you’d like to change in Russia?
What do you want the government to do about social problems?
What is your vision of a new democratic society?
Do you vote the same way as your parents in a national election?
Could you sacrifice (пожертвовать) your life for Russia?
You start:
It’s difficult to know what to make of America, isn’t it?
547
Set 2 QUICK READING Success. It’s a mind game
AND DISCUSSION Успех – это игра умов
32. Read about the careers of the four greatest British person-
alities. The information is based on the associations that
Englishspeaking people have. Choose the correct names from the
box below.
548
Cultural Note
Gulf War is a war which began in 1991 after the Iraqi army
occupied Kuwait declaring it the 19th province of Iraq. Forces,
mainly from the US, under the flag of the United Nations inter-
vened and they were successful in driving the Iraqis out of
Kuwait.
(The Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture)
Text B
Britain’s National Figures
1. ? – (1943 – )
... is a politician who faced the problems of the Gulf War and
Britain’s economic difficulties. He seemed to many people to be a
pleasant man but rather dull and boring, especially when compared
to Mrs. Thatcher. He was described as “Mr. Nice” or “a grey man
in a grey suit”.
2. ? – (1894 – 1986)
... was leader of the Conservative Party who worked to improve
EastWest relations but he/she didn’t gain Britain’s entry into the
European Community (E.C.). In the newspapers, he/she was often
called Supermac.
Cultural Note
Many people in Britain are not keen on the E.C. They espe-
cially dislike the way in which E.C. law controls the small details
of life in Britain.
3. ? – (1925 – )
... was leader of the Conservative Party. At the beginning this
politician was pretty much alone among Western leaders in his/
her market orientation. Almost two years later, however, he/she
gained a most powerful ally – Ronald Reagan. The large British
privatizations of the mid1980s did much to stimulate the inte-
gration of global stock markets that has become so important
today.
(An extract from The Wall Street journal by Daniel Yergin.
May 10, 1999)
549
4. ? – ( (1874 – 1965)
... was a person of many talents, noted as a soldier, a politician, a
painter and a writer and had a long career. He/she showed his/her
genius for leadership during the Second World War when he/she
was the Prime Minister (P.M.). He/she remained in power from
195155 and his/her name became a household word throughout
the world.
33. Tasks.
a) Complete the pretext task.
b) Comprehension check. Answer these questions about each
of the four personalities.
1. Whose political career does the first part of the text deal with?
2. What was this national figure famous for?
3. What is his name associated with?
c) Vocabulary work.
Explain the meaning of the words that go with “success” in
English. Use your dictionary if necessary.
fame –
to gain worldwide recognition –
to have an outstanding political career –
to improve interstate relations –
Example:
Ronald Reagan went down in history as a very rightwing
president.
550
5. Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) / the man who spoke against
slavery.
6. Franklin Roosevelt (1882–1945) / the only president who
served more than two terms.
7. George Bush 1 (1924) / the author of “My Life in Letters”.
e) Name some political leaders in history that did a lot for their
country. Using the list of qualities below say what you admire in
them.
Example:
Tony Blair went down in history as a reorganizer of the
House of Lords.
What I most admire in this political leader is his moral
courage.
moral courage [kArIG] (смелость) intelligence
reliability [rI,laIqbIlItI] patriotism
originality [q,rIGInxlItI] loyalty
determination (решительность) talent
wisdom (мудрость) kindness
ambition
551
4. What aspects of famous people’s lives do you like reading
about?
a) relations with other outstanding personalities;
b) factors which led to success;
c) details of their private lives;
d) their contribution (вклад) to the world culture.
5. Why are biographers’ opinions important to us? They make us...
understand politics better; generate new ideas;
shape a vision of the epoch; widen world outlooks.
6. Is it possible to become famous in any profession?
2.
a) Ambition is the driving force in life.
b) The man without ambition is the truly
happy man.
3.
a) The “Iron Lady” must go down in his
tory as the finest PM in the 20th cen
tury.
b) Sir W. Churchill has already taken
that place.
4.
a) You can’t be a great man/ woman
without possessing great courage.
b) Sometimes you get into trouble when
you’re straightforward.
552
36. Study the following description of someone and pick up
qualities which are typical of a politician. What career do you asso-
ciate these qualities with? Is it a sketch of a diplomat? / politician? /
businessman? / any other professional?
Cultural Note.
Tolerance for/towards sb is willingness to accept or allow
behaviour, beliefs, customs, etc., which one does not like to agree
with, without opposition; to share and understand another per-
son’s feelings.
553
a) Guess who this person is and add what else you know about
him.
b) Change roles. Focus on the leader’s contribution to the world
politics.
? – ( (1931 – )
... – политический лидер, который оставался у власти с 1985 по
1992 гг. Он известен тем, что начал процесс экономических и
политических перемен в СССР (перестройка) и провозгласил
свободу слова (гласность). Этот политик добился успеха на пути
улучшения отношений с Западом.
554
A. I should pay for the drinks I have.
B. I should let other people buy me drinks.
C. Each member of the group should take turns in buying
everyone a drink.
2. I have been invited to the informal dinner at the house of a
British colleague in London. The invitation is for 8 p.m., but I am
not sure when to arrive at the house. Which of the following is
more polite?
A. I should arrive a few minutes early, and certainly no later
than 8 p.m.
B. I should arrive ten to fifteen minutes late.
C. I should arrive about 45 minutes late.
3. I am about to attend a conference in London. I have read about
“body language”, and I am not sure how close to stand when I am
talking to British people. Should I stand:
A. about 30 cm away?
B. about 90 cm away
C. about 2 metres away
4. I find taxi drivers in London rather aggressive. If the fare is 5
pounds, how much should I pay the driver:
A. 5 pounds?
B. 5.5 pounds?
C. 6 pounds?
5. When leaving a group of colleagues after an informal evening
out, we normally shake hands with everyone. How shall I behave in
England? Should I:
A. shake everyone by the hand?
B. shake the men by the hand and kiss the women on the
cheek?
C. do nothing?
41. Listening
You’ll hear a talk about “body language” given by a British man-
ager.
a) Look at the chart and fill in the meaning of the body signals
that people send each other for contact.
555
Remember!
to pretend [prItend] – притворяться, делать вид
to demonstrate [demqnstreIt] – показывать,
демонстрировать
to extend [Ikstend] one’s hand – протянуть руку
give off signals – подавать сигналы
skepticism [skeptIsIzm] – скептицизм
to violate sth [vaIq. leIt] – нарушать чтол.
transaction [trxnzxkS(q)n] – сделка, ведение дел
Body signals What do they demonstrate?
Good manners: _________________________
Smile _________________________
Handshake _________________________
Arms uncrossed _________________________
Leaning forward _________________________
Bad manners: _________________________
Arms crossed _________________________
Getting too close _________________________
556
Don’t forget to thank in reply:
You were a real help. I appreciate your help.
While driving your car you didn’t notice a new speed limit sign
on the road. What do you say to the policeman?
At a party you are introduced to a lady. But unfortunately you
forget her name.
You are making an appointment with your colleague on the
phone. The line is bad and you can’t catch his last words.
You need some flowers. Ask someone about the shop and the way
to reach it. You have to ask twice.
You don’t know what stamp to put on a postcard to a British
address.
You’ve bought some new batteries for your radio and you ask
your foreign friend to explain how to put them in.
You don’t understand the word “tolerance”.
Your wife is out. An Englishman is calling. He’s interested to
know where she is.
557
– You have forgotten the name of the person you are talking
to. Find it out politely.
– You don’t know what to call him – John or Mr. Craig.
7. You are at a party.
– You want to get away from someone who will not stop
talking.
– You’ve just spilled red wine on a partner’s dress.
8. You are having dinner with a foreign colleague in a restaurant.
– The food is unfamiliar to you and you do not know what to
choose.
– He has offered you a glass of champagne. You do not drink
alcohol.
– The waiter has given you the bill. You are sure it is much too
high.
1. “Do you mind if I smoke?” “Well, I’d rather you didn’t. I feel
sick when people smoke.”
2. You couldn’t change a 20 dollar bill, could you?
3. I didn’t mean to hurt you. I apologize.
4. Happen to know where Victoria Station is?
5. I hate to disturb you but the noise from your room is really
bothering me.
6. How about a drink? – Not at the moment. Thanks anyway.
7. Did he tell you he was going to leave? By the way …
8. Excuse me, anyone sitting here?
9. Thanks for calling, Mr. Saxton. I hope you don’t mind if I ask
you to contact me direct if you have any further questions
about exact flight schedules.
10. “Could we meet tonight?” “This evening is a bit of a problem
I’m afraid. What about tomorrow?”
11. Excuse me, could I trouble you to give me some directions?
12. It’s all very well to say, but look, that would mean…
558
Communicative Formal Informal General
Functions
46. Consolidation.
a) Match the phrases to the functions they express.
559
8. Apologizing g. We apologize for the mistake.
h. Thank you very much for send
9. Referring to future contact ing...
10. Finishing the letter i. I am pleased to confirm that...
j. I look forward to seeing you
next month.
Dear Richard
____________________________ to ask you if you could make
a presentation of your latest research at our annual conference
next month.
____________________________ a provisional programme, to
give you an idea of the main topics, and details of the conference
hotel.
____________________________ not writing to ask you earli-
er, and I very much hope that you will be able to talk to us.
____________________________.
With best wishes
Yours sincerely
Dr Jonathan Weiner
Director
560
Section IV CHECK YOUR KNOWLEDGE
Test 18
561
3. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English
using the Complex Object.
4. Come up with the right phrasal verb. Mind the correct tense
form.
a) to b) on c) in d) from e) at
1. to participate 6. to belong
2. to happen 7. to prevent
3. to smile 8. to concentrate
4. to protect 9. to enrol
5. to depend 10. to die
562
Word List (Unit 18)
A F poverty
admire fame pretend
adopt formation principle
adoption found promote
agreement
ambition G R
gain regulate
B get along represent
be keen (on) global respect
behaviour go down in history
borrow guarantee S
security
C I skepticism
campaign improve slavery
come round incorporate stability
community instability standard
confrontation stock market
constant K struggle
cooperation keep house stumble
courage stumbling block
L
D leadership T
declare legal tolerance
declaration look after transaction
democracy look up
democratic V
demonstrate M violate
describe (as) make an effort violation
despotism manners
W
E O wellbeing
effort organization
election
equal P
essential passage
exist patriotism
extend politician
563
GRAMMAR SUPPLEMENT
Unit 13
Значение и употребление
The Past Simple Tense употребляется:
a) для констатации фактов или событий в прошлом:
He very much enjoyed the party. Он очень хорошо
повеселился.
564
б) для выражения последовательности прошедших действий:
Tom arrived at the railway station, went to the booking office
and bought a ticket.
в) для выражения обычного, повторяющегося действия в
прошлом:
When I lived in Manchester, I worked in a bank.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
565
логична модальному глаголу can с той лишь разницей, что обо-
значaет действие, совершённое в конкретно обусловленной
ситуации:
We were not able to translate the article without a dictionary.
Мы были не в состоянии перевести статью без словаря.
Когда речь идёт о фактически совершившемся действии,
употребляется только was able to в значении “сумел, смог, был
в состоянии...” Сравните could и was able to на следующих
примерах:
Jack could beat any tennis player. Джэк мог выиграть в тен
нис у любого.
Once he had a difficult game against Martin. Martin played
very well, but in the end Jack was able to beat him. В конце
концов Джэк сумел победить его.
Схема построения общего вопроса такова:
“Were you able to contact him at last?”
“Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.”
Следует заметить, что сочетание to be able to заменяет не
только can и could, но и другие недостающие формы глагола
can: I have been able to..., I will be able to...
Употребление отрицательной формы couldn’t возможно в
любой ситуации:
The policeman сhased the thief but he couldn’t catch him.
Полицейский погнался за вором, но не смог схватить его.
566
Неопределён-
ноличная oneself
форма
Инфинитив (Infinitive)
Инфинитив – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая
свойства глагола и существительного.
Свойства глагола состоят в том, что инфинитив обладает
категориями вида (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect
Continuous), залога (Active, Passive), может иметь зависимые
слова и определяться наречием. Кроме того, инфинитив входит
в состав составных глагольных сказуемых.
567
Свойства существительного состоят в том, что в пред-
ложении инфинитив может выполнять те же функции, что и
существительное.
568
союзами that, if/whether и всеми союзными словами при пере-
воде утверждений, вопросов и ответов.
569
Irregular verbs
1. Verbs which are the same 2. Verbs which have
in all three forms the same form for the base form
and past participle
Base form Past Past Base form Past Past
Simple Participle Simple Participle
cost cost cost come came come
cut cut cut become became become
hit hit hit run ran run
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
set set set
shut shut shut
3. Verbs which have the same 4. Verbs which have
form for Past Simple and all forms different
Past Participle
570
sleep slept slept steal stole stolen
spend spent spent swim swam swum
stand stood stood take took taken
teach taught taught tear tore torn
think thought thought throw threw thrown
win won won wear wore worn
Unit 14
Модальный глагол “must” и другие способы выражения
долженствования
Глагол must в сочетании с основой глагола употребляется
для выражения
а) долженствования в настоящем и будущем времени,
которое исходит от самого говорящего:
I must phone home. Я должен позвонить домой.
б) убедительного пожелания:
She must see “Daughter of the Moon” – it’s a great film.
в) приказания:
You must arrive at work on time. Вы обязаны приезжать на
работу вовремя.
Заметьте, что если в утвердительной и вопросительной фор-
мах must выражает долженствование, то в отрицательной
категорический запрет:
You must not mention this name. Вам нельзя упоминать это
имя.
Для выражения отсутствия необходимости употребляется
глагол need not:
“Must I post the letter tomorrow?” “No, you needn’t.”
Must имеет только форму настоящего времени. В осталь-
ных формах вместо него употребляется один из эквивалентов:
have to или be to. Оба эквивалента являются самостоятельными
модальными глаголами с собственными значениями.
Модальное выражение have to используется в более
широком плане и означает необходимость совершения действия,
вызванную правилами или обстоятельствами:
Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. По воскресеньям
католики должны ходить в церковь.
571
You don’t have to iron nylon shirts. Нет надобности гладить
нейлоновые рубашки.
Глаголу have to для образования форм требуются вспомога-
тельные глаголы. Например:
You don’t have to sign your name here. Вам не нужно ставить
здесь свою подпись.
He didn’t have to do it himself. Ему не было нужды делать
это самому.
Be to
Be to выражает необходимость действия, обусловленную
планом, расписанием, приказанием, предварительной догово-
рённостью. Например:
We were to meet at 6. Мы договорились встретиться в 6.
Поскольку глагол be to выражает то, что запланировано на
будущее, он обычно не употребляется в форме будущего вре-
мени. Например:
What are we to do next week? Что нам положено/велено
сделать на той неделе?
Причастие (Participle)
Наиболее употребительны формы причастия Present Active
(Participle I), которая служит для образования времён группы
Continuous, и Past Passive (Participle II), которая используется
в качестве основы времён группы Perfect.
Participle I: asking, giving;
Participle II: asked, given.
572
Books arranged on the shelf. Книги, расставленные на полке.
Заметьте, что русскому действительному причастию
прошедшего времени в функции определения в английском
языке соответствует придаточное определительное:
The artist who has painted this picture. Художник,
написавший эту картину.
Кроме того, в предложении причастие может служить
частью сложного дополнения после глаголов физического
восприятия (see, hear, feel watch, notice, smell), а также после
других глаголов (find, get, have, make). Причастие выражает
длительный характер действия, и на русский язык оборот с
причастием переводится придаточным предложением с
глаголом несовершенного вида:
Didn’t you hear the clock striking? Разве вы не слышали,
как били часы?
I found him drinking my wine. Я обнаружил, что он пьёт
моё вино.
She is going to have her hair cut. Она собирается постричься.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Глаголы физического восприятия могут сопровождаться
инфинитивом без частицы to. В отличие от причастия, инфинитив
выражает законченное действие, поэтому оборот с инфинитивом
переводится на русский язык придаточным предложением с
глаголом несовершенного вида. Сравните:
We watched them rehearsing the play. Мы наблюдали, как они
репетировали пьесу.
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document,
photograph it and put it back. Я видел, как он вошёл в комнату,
открыл ключом ящик стола, достал документ, сфотографировал
его и положил на место.
Значение и употребление
Past Continuous выражает прошедшее действие в процессе
его совершения, то есть незаконченное длительное действие,
которое переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего
времени несовершенного вида:
The car was moving slowly through the Central Square.
Машина медленно двигалась по Центральной площади.
575
реблении времён следует учитывать при переводе с англий-
ского языка на русский.
Правила согласования времён соблюдаются при изменении
прямой речи в косвенную:
“Can you swim?” I asked him.
I asked him if / whether he could swim. Я спросил у него,
умеет ли он плавать.
Следует помнить, что указательные местоимения, наречия
времени и места заменяются по смыслу следующими словами:
Например:
“I have to think now, before I decide”, said Tom.
Tom said he had to think then, before he decided. Том сказал,
что ему нужно подумать сейчас, прежде чем принимать
решение.
Unit 15
Модальный глагол “should”
Модальные глаголы should и ought to взаимозаменяемы,
однако should употребляется чаще. Оба глагола выражают
совет, желательность, целесообразность выполнения действия
и соответствуют русскому следует. Например:
576
Sid and Ann should / ought to get married. Им следует
пожениться.
Leon ought to be more sensible, shouldn’t he? Леону следует
быть разумнее, не так ли?
Ought to обычно адресуется к моральным чувствам чело-
века, в остальных случаях значения глаголов совпадают.
Например:
He ought to keep a family of his own. Его долг содержать семью.
Данные глаголы имеют только одну форму, поэтому для
отнесения действия к разному времени они употребляются с
разными видами инфинитива.
Rob should/ought to be back tomorrow. Пора бы ему завтра и
вернуться (оценка вероятности события).
She shouldn’t be asking questions all the time. Ей не следует
всё время задавать вопросы.
Имея сходные значения с глаголом must, should и ought to
выражают меньшую долю вероятности того, что указанное
событие произойдёт. Сравните:
The doctor said I must give up smoking. Врач сказал, чтобы я
бросил курить (приказ, которому наверняка подчинятся).
You really ought to give up smoking. Вам действительно
нужно бросать курить (совет, которому могут не последовать).
Модальный глагол had better (‘d better) обозначает совет с
оттенком предупреждения:
You’d better take an umbrella. It may rain. Вам лучше взять
зонт, может пойти дождь.
You should go and see Fred one of these days. You’d better do
it soon – he’s leaving for South Africa.
577
степени могут образовываться синтетическим либо аналити-
ческим способом.
а) Все односложные прилагательные и наречия образуют
степени сравнения синтетическим способом, т.е. c помощью
суффикса *er для сравнительной и *est для превосходной
степени. Например:
578
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Слово most, наряду с употреблением для образования
превосходной степени прилагательного, может употребляться в
значении “крайне”, “весьма”. В таких случаях в единственном
числе употребляется неопределённый артикль, тогда как во
множественном – артикль отсутствует. Например:
This is a most capable student. Это весьма способный студент.
These are most capable students. Это весьма способные студенты.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Местоимение little употребляется только с неисчисляемыми
существительными:
little snow – less snow – least snow
мало снега – меньше – меньше всего
С исчисляемыми существительными употребляется местоимение
few, которое образует степени сравнения синтетическим путём.
Например:
few books – fewer books – fewest books
мало книг – меньше – меньше всего
Прилагательное little (маленький) не имеет степеней сравнения.
579
Сравните:
What a nice little garden! It is smaller than mine.
Прилагательные и наречия,
имеющие два варианта степеней сравнения
old (старый) older – oldest (сравнение по возрасту)
elder – eldest (употр. не для сравнения, а для
обознач. статуса человека в группе или семье)
Сравн.: My elder brother is 2 years older than I.
far (далёкий, farther – farthest (дальше по расстоянию)
далеко)
further – furthest (дальнейший по порядку
следования или ходу рассуждения)
580
I ate as much as I could. Я съел сколько смог.
Please get here as soon as possible. Пожалуйста, приезжай
сюда как моожно быстрей.
С помощью указанного союза можно сравнивать и нерав-
ные качества и количества, отличающиеся друг от друга в
несколько раз. Например:
I have three times as much money as you do. У меня втрое
больше денег, чем у тебя.
This road is half as long as that one. Эта дорога вдвое короче
той.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Исключение составляют некоторые географические названия:
the Netherlands, the Hague, the Crimea
581
С определённым артиклем употребляются названия,
которые состоят из имени нарицательного с определением и
обозначают следующие страноведческие объекты.
1. Отели, музеи, памятники архитектуры, театры, кинотеатры:
the Hilton, the Grand Hotel, the hotel Rossia,
the Pushkin Museum,
the Odeon, the Taganka Theatre,
the Nelson Column, the Dolgoruky Monument.
2. Общественные места, здания с предлогом of:
the Houses of Parliament, the Tower of London
the Museum of Modern Art, the Bank of England.
3. Регионы: the Middle East, the Far East.
4. Океаны/моря/пустыни:
the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea, the Sahara Desert.
Под данную категорию подпадают словосочетания со
словами republic, union, state:
the Russian Federation, the People’s Republic of China,
the United Kingdom, the United States.
С определённым артиклем также употребляются названия:
горных цепей (the Alps, the Urals, the West Indies);
рек (the Thames, the Volga);
судов (the Titanic).
Unit 16
Настоящее завершённое время (The Present Perfect Tense)
Формообразование
The Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомога-
тельного глагола to have в настоящем времени и Past Participle
смыслового глагола, т.е. третьей формы глагола.
582
recently/of late – недавно; (lately – обычно в
вопросительных и отрицательных
предложениях);
once, twice, many times.
Значение и употребление
1. Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое заверши-
лось к моменту речи и результат которого налицо или ощуща-
ется в настоящем:
The packet is empty. Have you smoked all your cigarettes?
It’s the most boring film I have ever seen. Это самый
скучный фильм из всех, что я видел.
В соответствии с первым значением Present Perfect упот-
ребляется, когда говорящего интересует не время, а результат
совершения действия. В этом случае в предложении либо
вообще отсутствует обстоятельство времени (a), либо оно выра-
жено наречиями частотности (b) или неопределённого времени
(c):
a) I have lost my umbrella. Я потерял зонт.
b) “How many times have they been to Miami?” “They’ve
been there twice.”
c) They have just arrived. Они только что прибыли.
В подобных случаях Present Perfect, как и Past Simple,
переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем глагола
совершенного вида. Однако между данными грамматическими
формами имеется существенная разница. Past Simple, в отличие
от Present Perfect, констатирует факт совершения действия в
прошлом. Сравните:
He has been to Spain. (Важен результат действия.)
When did he return? (Важно время совершения действия
в прошлом.)
Заметьте, что “has been to” используется в значении “уехать
и приехать” и выражает законченное действие.
583
2. Present Perfect обозначает действие, которое началось в
прошлом, продолжалось в течение некоторого времени вплоть
до настоящего момента и иногда продолжается в момент речи:
She has long known him. Она давно знает его.
Sam has been often ill in the last few weeks. В последнее
время Сэм часто болеет.
В соответствии со своим вторым значением Present Perfect
употребляется для указания периода продолжительности дей-
ствия. В качестве обстоятельства времени выступают сочета-
ния с предлогами for (в течение) и since (с), а также прида-
точные предложения с союзом since (с тех пор как). Cравните:
for 6 weeks.
He has been here since July.
since he graduated from college.
В этом случае Present Perfect обычно переводится на
русский язык настоящим или прошедшим временем глагола
несовершенного вида, в зависимости от смысла предложения.
584
I (+) ()
We ’ve (have)
You haven’t (have not)
They been waiting.
He
She ’s (has)
It hasn’t (has not)
(?) I
we
have you
How long they been waiting.
he
has she
it
Краткий ответ:
“Have you been running?” “Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.”
“Has he been shopping?” Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.”
Значение и употребление
Временные формы Perfect Continuous выражают:
1. Незаконченное действие, которое началось раньше и
длится до определённого момента в настоящем или прошлом
(длительное незаконченное действие). В этом случае Perfect
Continuous переводится на русский язык настоящим временем.
Для указания продолжительности действия употребляются те
же обстоятельства времени, что и для Present Perfect.
We have been waiting (for) 20 minutes for the bus. Мы ждём
автобуса уже 20 минут.
He has been working on his report for three weeks, but he
hasn’t made much progress. Он работает над своим докладом
три недели, но не сделал больших успехов.
Второе предложение демонстрирует разницу между Perfect
Continuous (длительность и незавершённость) и Perfect
(законченность действия и наличие результата).
2. Незаконченное действие, которое непосредственно
предшествует другому действию в настоящем или прошлом.
Put down what we have just been discussing. Запишите то,
что мы только что обсуждали.
585
3. Незаконченное действие, которое произошло раньше и
оставило след в прошлом или настоящем.
Her eyes are red. Has she been crying? У неё глаза красные.
Она плакала?
Чаще всего форме Perfect Continuous употребляются
глаголы, передающие идею длительности действия, такие как
work, wait, learn, travel, play:
I’ve been playing tennis since I was a boy. Я играю в теннис
с детства.
Глаголы, выражающие состояние (like, live, know, have), в
Perfect Continuous не употребляются:
How long have you known him? Как давно вы его знаете?
В Perfect Continuous также не употребляются глаголы,
обозначающие действия, которые не могут быть показаны в
процессе, такие как: find, start, lose, break, stop:
My mincing machine has broken. У меня сломалась
мясорубка.
Исчисляемые существительные
В тех случаях, когда существительное имеет при себе
определение, выбор артикля нередко обусловлен характером
этого определения. Остановимся на двух категориях опреде-
лений, которые влияют на употребление артикля: a) опи-
сательное определение; б) лимитирующее определение.
Описательное определение, выделяя лишь признак пред-
мета, не изменяет значения слова и не оказывает влияния на
выбор артикля. Описательные определения могут быть в пре-
позиции и в постпозиции по отношению к существительному.
Они указывают на какуюто дополнительную характеристику
данного свойства, качества или состояния.
Например:
We have a wonderful clock which is one hundred years old.
У нас есть замечательные часы, которым сто лет.
586
Лимитирующее определение выделяет весь предмет в целом
и противопоставляет его всем остальным таким же предметам,
тем самым делая его уникальным. Поэтому исчисляемые
существительные употребляются с определённым артиклем.
Сравните:
A letter which is written in pencil is difficult to read.
587
I heard it on the radio. Я слышал это по радио.
Do you prefer the town or the country? Вы предпочитаете
город или деревню?
Isn’t the rose the most beautiful flower in the world? Разве
роза не самый прекрасный цветок в мире?
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Ecли исчисляемое существительное имеет значение “частный
случай общего понятия”, т.е. рассматривается как единичный
представитель данного класса предметов, лиц или животных, то
перед ним ставится неопределённый артикль. Cравните:
The deer is a large grasseating animal that is able to run very fast.
Олень – это крупное травоядное животное, способное
передвигаться очень быстро.
A baby deer can stand as soon as it’s born. Оленёнок встаёт на ноги
сразу после рождения.
Неисчисляемые существительные
Неисчисляемые существительные делятся на веществен-
ные (money, light, hair, fruit) и абстрактные (life, nature,
friendship, geograghy). Неисчисляемые существительные упот-
ребляются с нулевым артиклем, когда речь идёт о веществе или
отвлечённом понятии понятии в общем смысле. Например:
Water from a well is always cold. Вода из колодца всегда
бывает холодной.
We are taking our first steps in space. Мы делаем первые
шаги в космосе.
Неисчисляемые существительные, имеющие при себе
определение, подчиняются общим правилам выбора артикля с
cамим существительным.
Примеры вещественных существительных:
Would you like some tea? Не хотите ли чаю? (частичный
артикль)
I usually drink sweeter tea. Я обычно пью более сладкий
чай.
Here’s the hot coffee she has brought you. Вот горячий кофе,
который она вам принесла.
Примеры абстрактных существительных:
I like music. Я люблю музыку.
588
I like 19th century music. Я люблю музыку 19 века.
I like the music of the 19th century. Я люблю музыку 19
века.
I like the music of this ballet. Я люблю музыку этого балета
(фразы с предлогом of).
Абстрактные существительные, имеющие при себе опре-
деления, могут употребляться и с неопределённым артиклем,
когда они выражают разновидность качества или чувства. В
этом случае неопределённый артикль имеет значение такой,
такого рода.
She has a cleverness, which helps her a lot. У неё есть
смекалка, которая её очень выручает.
Every mother wants a happy childhood for her child. Каждая
мать желает своему ребёнку счастливого детства.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
589
in the original to change for the better/worse
в оригинале измениться к лучшему/худшему
590
Unit 17
Простое будущее время (The Future Simple Tense)
Формообразование
The Future Simple Tense образуется при помощи вспомога-
тельного глагола will для всех лиц и основы смыслового глагола.
I will do the shopping this afternoon. Днём я пойду за
покупками.
I you
She ‘ll arrive he
(+) You (will) next (?) When she arrive?
( ) They won’t week. will they
etc. etc.
A short answer:
“Will you start work at 9 o’clock sharp?”
“Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.”
Значение и употребление
1. Future Simple употребляется для констатации факта,
относящегося к будущему, либо для прогнозирования того или
иного грядущего события. Например:
He will be twenty next month. В следующем месяце ему
исполнится двадцать.
The Queen will open the new hospital next Thursday.
Королева будет открывать новую больницу в следующий
четверг.
591
Tomorrow will be warm, with some cloud in the afternoon.
Завтра будет тепло, но днём появится небольшая
облачность.
I shall be rich one day. Когданибудь я разбогатею.
You’ll never finish that book. Вы никогда не закончите ту
книгу.
592
If you would come this way... Прошу вас, сюда, пожалуй
ста...
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
В разговорном английском используются и другие способы
выражения будущего времени. Сравните:
I’m seeing Janet on Tuesday. He’s going to read for his exam tomor-
row. (В приведенных высказываниях выражено действие,
запланированное на ближайшее будущее.)
Однако Present Continuous, равно как и to be going to, не
употребляется, когда совершение действия в будущем ставится в
зависимость от внешних обстоятельств, выраженных в
придаточных предложениях времени или условия. В подобных
случаях в главном предложении употребляется Future Simple.
Например:
If I hide the key, you’ll never find it.
593
We’ll stay here until the rain stops. Мы будем оставaться
здесь до тех пор, пока дождь не пройдёт.
What will happen to the environment if we don’t look after it?
Что произойдёт с окружающей средой, если мы не
позаботимся о ней?
Следует отметить, что в придаточных предложениях, вво-
димых союзом if, выражена лишь возможность совершения
будущего действия; тогда как с помощью союза when говорящий
указывает на реальность этого действия. Cравните:
I’ll pass my exams if I work hard. Я сдам экзамены, если буду
упорно трудиться.
Phone me when you arrive. Позвони мне, когда приедешь.
594
Исчисляемое/неисчисляемое употребление
существи*тельных
В английском языке имена нарицательные делятся на
исчисляемые и неисчисляемые. Существует целый ряд сущест-
вительных, не закреплённых жёстко ни за одной из вышеназ-
ванных категорией. Это относится к словам, обозначающим
время года, части суток и погодные явления.
1. Названия времён года:
summer autumn winter spring
лето осень зима весна
В зависимости от контекста или просто от воли говорящего,
эти существительные могут иметь самое обобщённое значение –
обозначать определённый отрезок времени. В этом значении
они являются неисчисляемыми и употребляются с нулевым
артиклем. Например:
I hate winter. I usually go there in summer. Терпеть не могу
зиму. Я обычно езжу туда летом.
Те же существительные в конкретном значении становятся
исчисляемыми и употребляются уже с другим набором артик-
лей. Значение слов становится конкретным, если:
а) говорящий подразумевает не весь объём понятия, а
частный случай. Например:
The best time of the year in England is the spring. Лучшее
время года в Англии – это весна.
They got married in the autumn of 1990. Они поженились
осенью 1990 года.
б) слово имеет при себе описательное определение,
придающее ему значение “частный случай общего”. Например:
We had an unusually warm spring last year. В прошлом году
была необычно тёплая весна.
2. Существительные, обозначающие части суток:
morning evening day afternoon night
утро вечер день (с 12 до 18 часов) ночь
Обобщённое значение этих слов – “отрезок времени”.
Например:
Night fell. It happened at night. Настала ночь. Это
случилось ночью.
Примеры употребления этих слов в конкретных значениях:
I met him on the morning of the exam. Я встретил его в день
экзамена.
595
There’s nothing like a walk on a fine сold morning. Нет ничего
лучше прогулки ясным холодным утром.
There was a heavy rain in the afternoon. Днём лил сильный
дождь.
Кроме того, эти слова употребляются с определённым
артиклем в следующих сочетаниях:
during the day, in the daytime (morning/evening/afternoon/
night)
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Слова early и late, хотя и являются описательными определениями,
не делают значение существительного конкретным. Например:
It was early morning. Было раннее утро. It was late evening. Был
поздний вечер.
Конкретные значения:
a) The wind blew my hat off. Ветер сдул с меня шляпу.
b) It is spring. The heavy rains have all gone. Весна.
Обильные дожди прекратились.
c) A thick fog covered the city. Город покрыл густой туман.
d) If there’s a long frost, people skate on the rivers and pools.
Если долго держится мороз, люди катаются на коньках на
замёрзших реках и прудах.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ:
Существует целый ряд существительных, обозначающих уникаль-
ные понятия, которые употребляется с определённым артиклем:
the sun, the moon, the Earth, the sky, the stars, the world, the envi-
ronment.
596
Пример употребления словa moon в конкретном значении:
I could see it all clearly because there was a full moon. Мне было всё
отчётливо видно, так как светила полная луна.
Unit 18
Сложные местоимения и наречия
(Compounds of some, any, no, every)
Неопредeленные местоимения some, any, no, а также место-
имение every в сочетании со словами one, body, thing образуют
сложные местоимения; в сочетании со словом where – cложные
наречия.
some any no every + body one thing where
(+)
somebody There is somebody/someone in the garden (ктото).
someone “What’s wrong?” “I’ve got something in my eye” (чтото).
something They live somewhere in the south of England (гдето).
somewhere (?)
anybody Is there anybody/anyone inside?
anyone Can you see anything on the floor?
anything Is he going anywhere interesting for his holidays?
anywhere ()
nobody The house is empty. Nobody lives there (никто).
no one I’ve got nothing in the bag (ничего).
nothing “Where are you going?” “Nowhere” (никуда).
nowhere
597
Have you got everything you need (всё)?
He travels everywhere in his car (везде).
Сложные местоимения подчиняются тем же правилам, что
и соответствующие простые местоимения some, any, no.
1. В утвердительных предложениях anything означает “что
угодно”; anybody – любой, кто угодно; anywhere – где угодно,
когда угодно:
I can do anything for you.
It’s so simple. Anybody knows how to do it.
598
This is a No Parking area, but somebody always parks their car
here.
ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ
1. После глаголов make, let частица to не употребляется:
Your story makes me laugh.
She doesn’t let anyone read her letters.
2. После глагола help частица to может употребляться, а может и
не употребляться:
Can somebody help me (to) move this table?
599
SELF*STUDY
Answers and transcripts
UNIT 13
Task 8. Culture Quiz “Who did what?”
600
a tie. There was a bright yellow handkerchief in his breast pocket.
His hands were small and solid. I introduced myself and Picasso
offered me his hand immediately. He had a warm, sincere smile
which made me feel relaxed.
2
I explained that I wanted to know him personally and to ask
him if my analysis of his paintings was correct. Then I described
for Picasso my interpretation of his painting “The sailor”. Was it
a selfportrait? Did it show Picasso as a person trying to find a bet-
ter world? He listened carefully and finally said: “Yes, it’s me, but
I did not mean it to have any political meaning at all.
3
I mentioned his “Guernica” painting and talked about the
symbolism of the bull and the horse. “Yes”, he said “the bull rep-
resents brutality, the horse – the people. Yes, there I used symbol-
ism.”
4
I asked: “Why do you paint in such a way that it is so difficult
for people to understand? “ “I paint this way”, he replied, “because
it’s the result of my thought. And if I take a step backwards it will
be an insult to people.”
5
“It’s quite impossible”, he went on, “to explain why you do
this or that. I express myself through painting and I can’t explain
through words. I can’t explain why I did it that way. For me, if I
sketch a little table, I see every detail, I see the size and the thick-
ness, and I translate it in my own way.”
Test 13
Task 1
wrote, was not able, sat, had, went, left, broke, read, left,
don’t think,
am not going, studied, wrote, is, is waiting, goes out, leaves
Task 2
1. had to 4. couldn’t, can’t
2. could 5. was able to
3. didn’t have to 6. wasn’t able to
7. had to
601
Task 3
1. What are they showing on TV tonight?
2. Who had to leave at 8 p.m.? What time did Steve have to
leave?
3. Does he have his English classes once a week?
4. What did Charles leave his village for?
Task 4
1. herself 4. himself
2. yourself 5.
3. 6. itself
Task 5
1. Do you know that they were born on the same day and entered
the same institute?
2. I used to drive her home after classes.
3. My friend thought highly of the plot and I found it tiring.
4. In his creative work Reynolds followed his idols – the artists of
Renaissance.
5. The Museum exhibited a remarkable collection of paintings and
we attended it.
6. The attraction of today’s TV programme is the interview with
the President of the country.
7. “What did this versatile man devote his life to?” “To travel
ling.”
8. Ask them if there is a crowd at the entrance to the museum.
UNIT 14
Task 7. “Problems with officials” Transcript
On the Motorway
Police officer: Good morning, sir.
Driver: Good morning, officer.
Police officer: Your speed was 180, sir!
Driver: Was it really? Oh, goodness me! I haven’t got
any idea that this car can go that fast! Aren’t
these German cars highspeed?
Police officer: Yes, sir, but we are not on the German
602
autobahn now. We are on a British motorway.
And you mustn’t drive at a speed over 110 in
this country.
Driver: May I use my car telephone?
Police officer: No, you mustn’t. Keep both hands on the
wheel when you’re driving. Can I see your
license, sir?
On the Train
Ticket inspector: Tickets please. Good afternoon, can I have
your tickets, please?
Passenger: Here you are.
Ticket inspector: Excuse me, but this is a second class ticket.
Passenger: I know.
Ticket inspector: You mustn’t sit in here, in the first class
carriage.
Passenger: But there weren’t any seats in the secondclass
carriage.
Ticket inspector: I’m sorry. Madam, but you either have to go
back to the second class carriage and stand, or
pay for a first class ticket.
Passenger: Oh, that’s outrageous!
Ticket inspector: I’m sorry, but I don’t make the rules.
603
B: Uhm ... I saw the other two cars coming back. They swung
round in front of the other car and then went off again –
very fast, towards London. By this time, I was feeling
quite shocked and other traffic was building up. I got out
and went to look at the other car. The driver was injured.
P: OK. Well, the two who drove off. Can you remember them
or the registration numbers? We need to check the descrip
tion of them with the other witnesses.
B: I think they were quite young. I can’t remember the car
numbers but I think they were both Japanese cars of some
sort, Toyota maybe. I don’t remember how many there were
in each car.
P: Oh well, I hope you’re able to stay in London another day or
two until we check the facts. Could you leave some personal
details and details of your insurance with me now?
B: Yes, of course.
P: Thank you very much. You’ve been very helpful.
Test 14
Task 1
1. saw was walking asked was going was speaking was not
2. came was smoking had threw noticed rising were you smoking
came in asked
3. was crossing stepped fell was still lying saw approaching saw
stopped
Task 2
1. must 4. mustn’t
2. mustn’t 5. needn’t or don’t have to
3. needn’t may 6. has to
7. may
Task 3
1. for 5. at at on
2. at at 6. for on in on
3. with 7. on at
4. at by (in) 8. to on/in
604
Task 4
1. The visitor was interested to know when he had to apply for
a visa.
2. I don’t like travelling around the city in the rush hour. Neither
does Ann.
3. The town is planning to develop the area near the railway
station.
4. Fred refused to ride a bicycle, because a strong wind was
blowing.
5. “Is the hospital far from here?” “No, it’s within a 5minute
walk along the other side of the bridge, but you can’t see it very
clearly from here.”
6. The car was driving at a speed of 40 mph when the driver felt
the car skidding.
7. “I’m a stranger here and I don’t know how to get to the post
office.” “Change to bus 38. You have to get off at the next stop
but two. Go straight ahead and take the first turning on the
right.” “Thanks, that’s very kind of you.”
UNIT 15
Task 16. “An American in Britain” Transcript
605
ham Palace yesterday. One of my friends in
Texas was here last year and he told me it was
small but I didn’t know it was that small! I
mean … my ranchhouse back in Texas is big
ger than that.
Londoner: (sarcastically but politely) Of course, you real
ize that our buildings are … small … only
because we build them so quickly.
Mr. Kipling: Quickly? But I read a book about England last
week and it said this was the country of tradi
tion and slow change where everything hap
pened slowly.
Londoner: Oh, no! The exact opposite. We do things much
faster here than you do in Texas!
Mr. Kipling: (getting a bit aggressive) What? You’re
telling me that you do things here faster than
we do in Texas?
Londoner: Oh yes. I mean. Everybody says so, don’t they?
(suddenly) Hmm! That’s strange.
Mr. Kipling: What’s strange?
Londoner: That tall building over there. That skyscraper.
Mr. Kipling: Say! Now that is a tall building. At least 30
storeys. Of course it isn’t as tall as the build
ings in Dallas … or New York. But … what’s
strange about it?
Londoner: Well … I came this way only yesterday and it
wasn’t here!
Task 37. “ Make a polite request!” Transcript
Clerk: Hello.
Foreigner: Is that the booking office?
Clerk: Yes.
Foreigner: I’d like to book two tickets for “Pygmalion” next
Friday, please.
Clerk: I’m sorry, Friday is fully booked. We have some seats
left for Thursday if you’re interested.
Foreigner: No, that’s no good. It has to be Friday. Couldn’t you
find something? We have a V.I.P. from Edinburgh
who very much wants to see the play.
Clerk: We may have a cancellation. I can take your number
606
if you like.
Foreigner: The manager is usually able to find tickets for us.
Could you ask him?
Clerk: Hold on a minute. We’ve got two cancellations. I can
keep them for you.
Foreigner: That’s excellent. Where are the seats?
Clerk: They’re in the balcony. The price is 25 dollars each.
You need to* collect them before 7.
Foreigner: Thank you very much indeed. Goodbye.
Test 15
Task 1
the longest the heaviest the greatest
the longer the biggest the most sophisticated
a longer the busiest
Task 2
1. is leaving 4. are you talking 5. painted
2. Don’t forget are talking 6. was having
needed did you read 7. did not accept
3. did not like
Task 3
1. with 5.
2. by 6. of with
3. at 7. ahead
4. to / for instead
Task 4
1. Their offer was so attractive that we couldn’t refuse it.
2. The news that he brought was unbelievable and shocking.
3. You’d better save the file before you switch off the computer, or
you can lose this file.
4. The spectators were fascinated both by the actors and the
orchestra performance.
5. His popularity increased several times compared with the time
* Здесь глагол need употр. не как модальный, а как смысловой глагол в
значении нуждаться в чемл. В подобных случаях need имеет обычные
формы спряжения и употребляется в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем
времени.
607
when he just started acting at the theatre.
6. You shouldn’t leave your documents in the hotel room and you
should take care of the valuables.
7. No great artist had as many followers as Rubens did.
8. She thought she knew the subject much better than it seemed to
the examiner.
UNIT 16
Task 26 “A training session” Transcript
Jason Sorry I’m late. I’ve been doing my homework. Luke,
what are you doing here? You aren’t in the team.
Luke I’ve been helping with the training session.
Jason Has he been annoying you?
Lisa It’s OK. We’re used to him.
Jason You all look exhausted.
Sam We are! We’ve been practising for hours – since nine
o’clock this morning.
Jason Why are you practising so hard today?
Lisa Because of the basketball tournament. Haven’t you
seen the notice?
Jason No, I haven’t.
Lisa Well, we’re playing the City Slammers in the first
round.
Luke Are they good?
Lisa Good? They ’re brilliant. They haven’t lost the game
for two years. They are unbeatable.
Jason No one’s unbeatable. We’ve been playing well this
season. We’ve won five of our matches.
Sam That’s true. We’ve only lost one match. And we’ve
been training hard since September.
Lisa Yes, let’s be positive. The City Slammers have been
the best team in the league for the last few years. But
now it’s our turn.
Jason What’s the matter, Luke? Why are you smiling?
Luke Well, don’t take this the wrong way, but … I’ve been
watching you for three hours. And I’ve seen the City
Slammers play a few times this season. And in my
opinion …
608
Lisa Go on …
Luke … you’ve got no chance!
Test 16
Task 1
1. yet still 4. since 7. for since
2. already still 5.
3. yet 6. since
Task 2
1. has eaten 7. did you do
609
2. have been supporting went
have lost did they show
3. bought was on
4. have passed have you seen
5. worked am going
6. has been trying
Task 3
1. the 5. the the 9. the a
2. the 6. a the
3. 7. the the the
4. the 8. the the 10. the
Task 4
1. “Have you ever been to the Tate Gallery In London?” “Yes, I
have. It’s the most exciting museum I’ve ever been to.”
2. “How long have you known her?” Since she took up literature.
She has always been a willing student and has never given up
halfway.”
3. Have you made your choice? Not yet. It depends on how much
my father is prepared to spend.
4. I’m looking forward to meeting John. I don’t remember when I
last saw him.
5. “Have you applied for a job yet?” “Yes, I have. Last week I
wrote a C.V. and then arranged for the job interview.”
6. “You’ve just enrolled in the English course, haven’t you?”
“That’s right, I had to encourage a friend of mine, who suggest
ed visiting classes together. To brush up the language is a love
ly idea.”
7. He has been waiting for a reply for several weeks, but he hasn’t
received any message yet.
UNIT 17
Task 19 “Going away on holiday” Transcript
Max: So, when do you think the best time to go is?
Susie: Well, it’s always the matter of weather. I mean, if we
visit Nepal in April, we’ll meet fewer tourists
because the main tourist season is in the summer.
610
But if we go in the summer, say in August, we’ll have
better weather.
Max: Well, I’d like to avoid the tourists, but if we go there
out of season, we’ll probably have bad weather.
Susie: That’s right.
Max: And how do we get there?
Susie: I think the best is to fly. It really is a long way from
here. And if we fly, we’ll get there much quicker.
Max: But if we drive overland, it’ll be very interesting and
we’ll be able to travel around more easily when we are
there.
Susie: Yes, but it’s going to take weeks to get there by car,
and I haven’t got the time.
Max: Do you want to stay in hotels?
Susie: If we stay in hotels we’ll spend a lot of money. No, I
think it’ll be better to go camping. If we take a tent,
we’ll save a lot of money.
Max: What about food? Shall we take our own food?
Susie: If we do that, we’ll have a lot to carry. Oh, there’s
something else which is quite important. If we pay
for the holiday here in Britain, we can use British
money, and if we don’t have to take so much with us.
But if we pay for it there, it might be cheaper.
Max: Well, it will be cheaper if we take a guidebook. That
way we’ll avoid hiring a local guide.
Susie: Yes, and we can read up about the place before we go
there.
611
The belt of low pressure will move away in the late afternoon,
but the evening will remain cloudy.
And that’s all from me.
Test 17
Task 1
1. when 3. when / if 5. when 7. if
2. if 4. if 6. if 8. when
Task 2
1. will fashion be like 6. will be
2. Shall I go on 7. do not work
3. is not, is there? won’t be able
4. don’t know will leave will fail
5. will probably snow
Task 3
1. Who will show us a lot of places of interest tomorrow?
When will they show us a lot of places of interest?
2. Has he been able to focus on the details?
3. What did you have to choose between?
Task 4
a varied climate a country rain the same time all the year
such a green country long green grass the cattle beautiful
lawns
the gardens country people the weather
the best guide weather signs the direction of the wind the
wind from
the West rains and unsettled weather the east wind in
(the) summer
fine days in (the) winter the east wind a sign of frost and
snow storms
on a summer night the stars the wind and rain a red
sunset
fine weather rains
612
Task 5
1. The patient’s cheeks went rosy. The doctor said he’d get much
better the next day.
2. We’ll do our best to prevent their quarrel.
3. How long will it take to establish contacts with this firm?
4. If he follows his uncle’s advice, he’ll be able to avoid trouble.
5. Have you thrown away yesterday’s newspaper with the weather
forecast? It said that the temperature would rise the following
week.
6. You’ll have to make arrangements in connection with the inter
national conference which is taking place in ten days. When will
you be able to start?
7. In the future scientists will find a cure for all diseases. To con
trol their weight, people will have to combine diet and exercise.
UNIT 18
Task 18 Transcript
First old man: Did you see that girl who got off then? She
looked more like a boy than a girl.
Second old man: It’s the other way round. All the boys look
more like girls these days. It’s all that long
hair!
First: The trouble is they don’t teach girls how to
look after children or how to keep house!
Second: My granddaughter’s going to university.
She’s learning how to build bridges. Fancy
that! A girl training as an engineer! Things
aren’t what they used to be, are they?
First: No, they aren’t. Everything’s upside down
these days. People haven’t even got good man
ners any more.
Bus conductor: Excuse me. Would one of you give a passenger
your seat? She’s a mother with a baby and
you’re nearest the door.
First: What? Give up my seat? Me!
Second: Tell her to stand! I’m not giving up my seat to
anyone!
613
Task 40 Culture Quiz
1.c; 2.b; 3.b; 4.b; 5.c.
Test 18
Task 1
1. b; 2. d; 3. c; 4. b; 5. c; 6. c; 7. d.
Task 2
1. somebody / someone any 2. nothing 3. anywhere any
4. nobody / no one nothing 5. anybody / anyone anything
Task 3
1. Do you want me to change my mind?
2. At the tailor’s shop I had my trousers shortened and ironed.
614
3. Could you make your neighbours quiet?
4. Let us know when they will leave for Italy.
5. Ann makes me analyze my performance to understand what has
become the stumbling block to my success.
6. Father always lets the children eat as much icecream as they
like.
7. They don’t want anyone else to come.
Task 4
1. take care of 5. get along with
2. looked up 6. look through
3. turns itself on and off 7. give up
4. brush up 8. look after
Task 5
a) happen d) protect
belong prevent
b) depend die
concentrate e) smile
c) participate
enroll
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Abbreviations
n – noun существительное; v.t. – verb transitive – переходный глагол;
v.i. – verb intransitive – непереходный глагол; phr. v. – phrasal verb –
фразовый глагол; adj. – adjective – прилагательное; adv. – adverb –
наречие; attr. – attribute – определение; pl. – plural – множественное
число; pers. рrоn. – personal pronoun – личное местоимение; poss.
pron. – possessive pronoun – притяжательное местоимение; conj. –
conjunction – союз; num. – numeral – числительное; prep. – preposi-
tion – предлог, fig. – figurative – переносное значение.
A
achieve [qtSi:v] v. t. достичь, добиться: Complete understanding
of Russia is impossible to achieve.
achievement n. достижение
admire [qdmaIq] v.t. восхищаться, восторгаться: What I most
admire in this political leader is his moral courage.
adopt [qdPpt] v.t. принять, перенять: The committee adopted my
suggestions. | adoption n. принятие: the adoption of the consti-
tution
adventure [qdvenCq] n. приключение: His life is full of exciting
adventures.
advice [qdvaIs] n. cовет: Acting on her advice, I decided to give up
smoking. Let me give you a piece of advice.
advise [qdvaIz] v.t. советовать: The doctor advised complete rest.
He advises the President on foreign affairs.
aim [eIm] n. цель: They set up the project with the aim of helping
unemployed people. | aimless adj. бесцельный: aimless discus-
sions
agree [qgri:] v.i. согласиться, договориться: I don’t agree with his
policy. | agreement n. согласие, соглашение, договор: The
aim of the meeting was to reach agreement about next year’s
prices.
616
ally [xlaI] n. союзник
ambition [qmbISqn] n. честолюбие: She has at last achieved her
lifetime ambition to become a dancer.
ambulance [xmbjVlqns] n. машина скорой помощи
amuse [qmju:z] v.t. развлекать, забавлять: They amused them-
selves by playing computer games.
amusing adj. забавный, смешной: I don’t find his jokes very
amusing.
annoy [qnOI] v.t. раздражать, действовать на нервы: How annoy-
ing! Какая досада!
apply [qplaI] v.i. (to, for) обращаться за: We’ve applied to the
council for a grant.
appliance [qplaIqns] n. устройство: Dish"washers and washing
machines are domestic appliances.
astronomical [,xstrqnPmIkql]adj. астрономический: In the year
1917 Chaplin earned an astronomical sum of money.
attend [qtend] v.t. присутствовать, посещать: People who attend
a game, such as football, are spectators.
attitude [xtItju:d] n. (to/ towards) подход, позиция, отношение:
The health of the whole planet will depend on a big change in atti-
tude.
attract [qtrxkt] v.t. притягивать, привлекать: His new book has
attracted a lot of attention.
audience [LdIqns] n. аудитория, публика: The audience applaud-
ed loudly at the end of the concert.
B
backwards [bxkw qdz] adv. назад, в обратном направлении:
Can you say the alphabet backwards?
band [bxnd] n. оркестр, отряд, группа
be born [bLn] past participle of bear родиться: The people won
their independence, and a new nation was born.
be keen adj. (on) сильно увлекаться чем"л.: I am not keen on
chess.
beat [bJt] v.t. бить, колотить, побеждать: She beat me at tennis.
617
behaviour [bIheIvjq] n. поведение, манеры: the behaviour of steel
under stress
best [best] n. (the ~) лучший результат: I’ll do / try my best to finish
it on time.
biographer [baIPgrqfq] n. биограф: Dr. Johnson’s famous bio-
grapher, James Boswell.
blood [blAd] n. кровь: It was a serious cut and he lost a lot of blood.
boast [bqVst] v.t. по праву располагать чем"л., что вызывает
гордость: Chinatown boasts the world’s finest antique shops.
borrow [bPrqV] v.t. брать взаймы: I’d like you to borrow a diction-
ary for me.
both...and... conj. и...и...: He spoke both with kindness and
understanding.
brush up [brAS] phr. v. восстановить свои знания: I must brush up
my English before I go to London.
bulb [bAlb] n. лампочка: a 100"watt light bulb.
C
calm [kRm] adj. cпокойный: The police chief advised his men to
stay / keep calm and not lose their tempers.
campaign [kx m peIn] n. кампания, поход: The Declaration
became the basis of a global campaign for democracy.
capable [keIpqbl] (of) adj. способный: He’s capable of telling lies.
Он способен солгать.
care [keq] n. наблюдение, попечение; take care (of) позабо-
титься о ком"л.: The nurse will take care of your child.
career [kqrIq] n. жизненный путь, карьера, профессия: She
spent most of her career working in Edinburgh.
carry out [kxrI] phr. v. выполнять, проводить: They are carrying
out urgent experiments.
cash [kxS] n. наличные деньги: The company is a bit short of cash
at the moment. | pay in cash v.i. расплачиваться наличными:
“Are you paying (in) cash?” “ No, I’ll pay by check.”
catastrophe [kqtxstrqfI] n. катастрофа: The party coud be heading
for catastrophe in elections.
618
cause [kL z] v.t. вызвать: The flood was a major catastrophe, caus-
ing heavy loss of life.
Celtic [keltIk,seltIk] adj. кельтский
centigrade [sentIgreId] adj., n.: a centigrade thermometer
термометр Цельсия
сentury [sentSqrI] n. столетие, век: There have been two World
Wars during this century.
challenge [tSxlIndZ] n. вызов, трудная, но интересная задача:
He accepted his friend’s challenge to swim across the river.
character [kxrqktq] n. характер, герой, персонаж: A tendency
not to show emotions is considered to be part of the British
national character.
charge [CRG] v.t. 1. заряжать: If the red light comes on, it means
that the battery isn’t charging. 2. взымать: How much do you
charge for a double room?
cheap [CJp] adj. дешёвый: I bought it cheap. Я дёшево это купил.
check [Cek]v. контролировать, проверять: She checked through
the letter before sending it.
close [klqVs] adv. поблизости, совсем рядом: He lives close at hand.
come round phr. v. забежать, зайти к кому"л., кто живёт
поблизости: Come round and see us!
comical [kPmIkql] adj. комичный, cмешной: This comical cha-
racter expressed the joy and sorrow that people experienced in
life.
command [kqmRnd] n. команда, контроль, владение (зна-
ниями): He has an impressive command of several languages.
community [kqmju:nItI] n. группа населения, общество: The
President met leaders of the black community during his visit to
Chicago.
compare [kqmpeq] v.i. (to / with) сравнивать cличать: London is
large, compared to / with Paris.
concentrate [kPnsqn,treIt] v.i. (on, upon) сосредоточиться: I can’t
concentrate on my work when I am hungry.
confrontation [,kPnfrAnteISqn] n. (with) конфронтация: We cannot
risk another confrontation with the union.
619
connect [kqnekt] v.t. соединять, связывать: The plumber con-
nected all the pipes and turned on the tap.
сonnection [kqnekSqn] n. соединение, связь: The telephone con-
nection was bad. | in this connection в этой связи
consensus [kqnsensqs] n. согласие, единодушие: Can we reach a
consensus on this issue?
conservation [,kPnsqveISqn] n. сохранение: conservation of water
/ energy
consider [kqnsIdq] v.t. рассматривать, считать: Do you consider
her suitable for the job?
constant [kPnstqnt] adj. неизменный, постоянный: He drove at a
constant speed.
consumption [kqnsAmpSqn] n. потребление: The car’s fuel con-
sumption is very high.
context [kPntqkst] n. контекст: Look at your own job in the wider
context of the whole department.
cooperation [kqV,PpqreISqn] n. сотрудничество: I need your
cooperation in this matter.
courage [`kArIG] n. храбрость, смелость, мужество: She showed
remarkable courage when she heard the bad news.
cover [kAvq] v.t. 1. покрывать: she covered her face with her
hands. 2. охватывать: The book covers the period from1870 to
1914. 3. освещать в печати / по радио: She covered current
events for CBS news.
cure [kjuq] n. (for) средство, лекарство, лечение: There is still no
cure for the common cold.
create [krIeIt] v.t. создавать: This decision creates a dangerous
precedent.
crisis [kraIsIs] n. кризис: Relations between the two countries have
reached crisis point.
crowd [kraVd] n. толпа: A big crowd soon gathered round the
scene of the accident.
620
D
deal [di:l] v.i. (with) иметь дело, поступать (с кем"л.), относиться
(к кому"л.): He’s a difficult man to deal with.
debate [dIbeIt] n. дискуссия, прения, дебаты: After much debate,
the Committee voted to close the school.
decide [dIsaId] v.i. решаться, принять решение: After long dis-
cussion they decided in favour of the younger candidate.
declaration [, deklqreISqn] n. декларация, объявление (войны):
These events led to the declaration of war.
declare [dIkleq] v.t. & i. объявить: Britain declared war on Germany
in 1914
degree [dIgri:] n. градус, степень: Water freezez at 32 degrees
Fahrenheit (32 F). The children have different degrees of ability.
delighted [dIlaItId] adj. (by / with) We’re delighted that you’ll be
able to come.
demand [dImRnd] n. спрос, потребность, требование: There’s
not much demand for houses of this sort.
democracy [dImPkrqsI] n. The military government promised to
restore democracy within one year. | (un)democratic (не)демо-
кратический
demonstrate [demqn,streIt] v.t. показывать, демонстрировать:
His last remark demonstrates his total ignorance of the subject.
dense [dens] adj. густой, плотный: The grass was dense on the
ground.
describe [dIskraIb] v.t. описать, охарактеризовать: The police
asked us to describe the two men.
despotism [despqtIzm] n. деспотизм: It’s impossible to turn free
people back into the hateful paths of despotism.
destroy [dIstrOI] v.t. уничтожать, разрушать: She destroyed all his
letters.
detail [di:teIl] n. подробность, деталь; in detail обстоятельно,
подробно: She described the events in great detail.
develop [dIvelqp] v.t. развивать, разрабатывать: Computers are
a rapidly developing industry.
die [daI] v.i. умирать: She’s very ill and I’m afraid she’s dying.
621
discover [dIskAvq] v.t. раскрывать, узнавать, обнаруживать:
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
disease [dIzi:z] n. болезнь: Many diseases are caused by bacteria.
doubt [daVt] v.t. сомневаться: I doubt that he will come.
drawing [drLIN] n. рисунок, рисование: Here is the drawing of a
church.
E
ecological [,i:kqlPGIkql] n. экологический: Modern wars add to
global warming and cause ecological catastrophes.
ecology [IkPlqGI] n. экология
economic [,ekqnPmIk] adj. экономический: The country is in a bad
economic state.
Edinburgh [edInbqrq] n. Эдинбург
effect [Ifekt] n. результат, эффект: He’s suffering from the effects
of too much alcohol.
effort [efqt] n. усилие, попытка: It’s quite an effort to lift this heavy box.
election(s) [IlekSqn] n. выборы: The result of the election will be
known tonight.
emission [ImISqn] n. выделение, излучение: We received power-
ful radio emissions from a distant star system.
emotion [ImqVSqn] n. эмоция: She described the accident in a
voice shaking with emotion.
encourage [InkArIG] v. поощрять, поддерживать: This pro-
gramme strongly encourages students’ exchanges.
energetic [,enqGetIk] adj. энергичный: He is an energetic sup-
porter of the peace movement.
enjoy oneself [InGOI] v.t. веселиться: Did you enjoy yourself at
the party?
enter [entq] v.t. входить: The talks have now entered their third
week. | enter university поступить в университет
entertain [,entqteIn] v.t. развлекать: We’re entertaining our neigh-
bours this evening.
enthusiastic[In,Tju:zIxstIk] adj. восторженный, полный энтузи-
азма: He was enthusiastic about the play.
622
environment [InvaIqrqnmqnt] n. окружающая среда: People need
new laws to prevent the pollution of the environment.
equal [i:kw ql] adj. равный, одинаковый: He speaks French and
German with equal ease.
essential [IsenSql] adj. необходимый, существенный: Is wealth
essential to happiness?
establish [IstxblIS] v.t учреждать: The school was established in
1850. | establish contacts установить контакты
Europe [jVqrqp] n. Европа
European [,jVqrqpIqn] n. европеец; adj. европейский
event [Ivent] n. cобытие: The documentary reviews the most
important events of 1985.
exciting [IksaItIN] adj. захватывающий, увлекательный: Life will
seem very exciting on holidays.
excursion [IkskE:S(q)n] n. экскурсия: We went on a day excursion.
exhibit [IgzIbIt] v.t. экспонировать, выставлять
exhibition [,eksIbISqn] n. выставка, показ: The exhibition at the
Maillol Museum shows that there is really a School of London.
exist [IgzIst] v. существовать: Pre"Raphaelites existed ten years
and created a new trend in Victorian Age art.
expensive [IkspensIv] adj. дорогой, дорогостоящий: Your fur
coat looks expensive.
experience [IkspIqrIqns] n. опыт: I know that from experience.
experienced adj. опытный, сведущий, квалифицированный, со
стажем
extend [Ikstend] v.t. протянуть: They extended a rope between two
posts.
F
face [feIs] v.t. стоять лицом к лицу, сталкиваться с кем"л. /
чем"л.: We’ll have to face (the) facts: we simply can’t afford a
holiday this year.
fame [feIm ] n. слава, репутация: She won fame with her first
novel.
623
far away (from) [fR] adv. далеко: Let’s walk back to the square;
it’s not far away from the office.
fascinate [fxsIneIt] v.t. завораживать, пленять: The students
were fascinated by/with the scientist’s ideas.
fight [faIt] n. бой, схватка; v.t. & i.: драться, сражаться, воевать:
He fought like a lion. They were fighting their way through the
crowd.
finger [fINgq] n. палец: I will not lift a finger to help him.
flood [flAd] n. половодье, наводнение, поток: There was a flood of
complaints after the show.
follower [fPlqVwq] n. последователь: He is a faithful follower of his
home football team.
forecast [fLkRst] v.t. предсказывать:He forecast(ed) a big
increase in sales, and he turned out to be right.
formation [fL meISqn] n. формирование: School life has a great
influence on the formation of a child’s character.
former [fL mq] adj. предшествующий, бывший
formerly adv. прежде, раньше: Formerly he worked in a factory,
but now he is a teacher.
found [faVnd] v.t. основaть, учредить: The Romans founded a gre-
at city on the banks of this river.
frustration [frAstreISqn] n. крушение надежд | sense of frustra-
tion чувство безысходности
function [fAnkSqn] v.i. функционировать, действовать: The
machine will not function properly if it is not kept well"oiled.
G
gain [geIn] v.t. достигать, добираться: to gain victory. The swim-
mer gained the shore
gap [gxp] n. пробел, разрыв: How can teachers help to bridge the
generation gap between parents and their teenage children?
garbage [gRbIG] n. мусор, отбросы
generation [,GenqreISqn] n. поколение: Every new generation is
different from the one that preceded it.
624
get along phr. v. (with) ладить, уживаться с кем"л.: Do you get
along well with your aunt?
get over phr. v. пережить, преодолеть: He could not get over the
loss.
give up phr. v. 1. бросить: Father gave up smoking. 2. уступить:
He gave up his seat to her. 3. сдаться: The murderer gave him-
self up.
glance [glRns] n. быстрый взгляд: He gave her an admiring
glance.
global [glqVbl] adj. всеобщий, глобальный: It is too late to prevent
global climatic changes.
goods [gVdz] n. товары: There is a large variety of consumer goods
in the shops.
guarantee [,gxrqnti:] n. гарантия, поручительство: The radio has
a two"year guarantee.
guide [gaId] v.t. направлять, руководить: He guided us through
the narrow streets to the railway station.
H
hand [hxnd] n. рука, сторона; on the one hand ... on the other
hand (fig.) с одной стороны, ... c другой стороны: This job of
mine isn’t well paid, but on the other hand I don’t have to work
long hours.
handkerchief [hxNkq,CJf] n. носовой платок
hardworking [hRd,wE:kIN] adj. работящий, усидчивый
headline [hedlaIn] n. заголовок: The time is 12 o’clock; here are
the news headlines.
hire [haIq] v. взять напрокат: We hired a car for a week when we
were in Italy.
history [hIstqrI] n. история: The new buiding will house the
Department of History. | go down in history phr. v. войти в
историю: Neil Armstrong went down in history when he stepped
on the moon.
historic adj. исторический
625
house [haVs] v.t. хранить, размещать: The museum houses a vast
collection of wonderful prints.
household word ходячее выражение
human [hju:mqn] adj. человеческий: It’s only human nature to
want a comfortable life.
I
identity [aIdentItI] n. тождественность, личность: He proved his
identity.
identify v.t.&i. опознать: She identified the criminal. | identify
with phr.v. быть солидарным: He identified (himself) with the
movement.
ignore [IgnL] v.t. игнорировать, не обращать внимания: He
ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
illusion [Ilu:Zqn] n. иллюзия, обман: I have no illusion about her.
immediately [ImJdIqtlI] adv. немедленно, тотчас, сразу: Stop
that immediately.
impress [Impres] v.t. впечатлять: You impressed the teachers by
your performance in the exam.
impession n. впечатление
include [Inklu:d] v.t. включать (в число): Her job doesn’t include
coffee for the boss.
incorporate [InkLpq,reIt] v.t. объединять, соединять: His artwork
incorporates the latest trends.
incredible [InkredIbl] adj. неслыханный, невероятный: She has
an incredible house!
independent [,IndIpend(q)nt] adj. независимый: She’s financially
independent of her family.
industry [IndqstrI] n. промышленность
injury [InGqrI] n. травма, ранение: The driver of the lorry received
serious injuries to the legs and arms.
instability [,InstqbIlItI] n. нестабильность: He’s showing signs of
instability.
instrument [Instrqmqnt] n. инструмент, аппарат, прибор: The
pilot studied his instruments anxiously.
626
interval [Intqvql] n. промежуток, отрезок времени: The buses
don’t always run at regular intervals.
introduce [,intrqdjHs] v.t. 1. знакомить, представить: A new man-
ager was introduced into the store. 2. вводить, начинать: He
introduced his speech with a quotation.
introduction [, IntrqdAkS(q)n] n. введение, представление,
реко"мендация: a letter of introduction
invent [Invent] v.t. изобретать: He invented a hundred reasons
why he couldn’t go.
J
joint [GOInt] adj. общий, совместный: joint venture совместное
предприятие
K
keep house [ki:p] v.t. вести домашнее хозяйство: Susan had to
keep house after her mother’s death.
knowledge [nPlIG] n. знание, сведения: They did it without my
knowledge.
L
leadership [lJdq,SIp] n. лидерство, руководство: Britain has lost
her leadership in the shipbuilding industry.
legal [li:gql] adj. юридический правовой: What types of legal pro-
fessions are there in the UK?
license [laIsqns] n. разрешение, лицензия: We manufacture
these goods under license. driving license водительские права
lift [lIft] n. give sb a lift: Can I give you a lift home?
litter [lItq] n. сор, отбросы: The streets were full of litter.
look after [lVk] phr. v. присматривать, ухаживать за: He had to
look after himself.
look forward (to) phr. v. предвкушать, с нетерпением ждать:
I look forward to his arrival.
627
look up phr. v. отыскивать (информацию), посмотреть (распи-
сание): I must look up the times of the trains.
love [lAv] n. любовь fall in (out of) love with v.i. влюбиться /
разлюбить: The young pair fell in love with each other at first
sight.
M
main road [meIn rqVd] n. магистраль, главная дорога: a busy
main road
make [meIk] v.t. 1. делать, производить, совершать: make an
appointment договориться о встрече: Can I make an appoint-
ment to see the manager? make a choice сделать выбор: I’m
sure we’ve made the right choice.|make a decision принять
решение: The committee will make a decision soon. | make a dis-
covery сделать открытие: The archaeologists have made a num-
ber of important discoveries.|make an effort приложить усилие:
Please make an effort to get there on time. make notes делать
записи: He made notes of the lecture. |make a reservation
забронировать место: Have you made a hotel reservation for our
holiday yet? | make sure убедиться: First I made sure no one was
following me. 2. заставлять, побуждать: If you’re logical, you
can make others see your viewpoint.
manners n. (pl.) манеры, поведение, нравы: The children have
good table manners. It’s bad manners to yawn.
mass media [`mJdIq] n. средства массовой информации: The
media have / has a lot of power today.
master [mR stq] v.t. овладеть, справиться: She tried hard to mas-
ter her fear of heights.
matter [mxtq] n. материя, вещество, тема, предмет: I must take
some suitable reading matter for the journey. That was a matter of
forty years ago.
misunderstand [,mIsAndqstxnd] v.t. неправильно понимать: They
pretended to misunderstand my complaint.
mobility [mqbIlItI] n. мобильность, подвижность: The British are
enthusiastic about mobility.
628
multicultural [, mAltIkAltSqrql] adj. многокультурный: We see the
United States as a country full of multiсultural traditions.
N
naive [nR i:v] adj. наивный, простодушный: He told her he was a
close friend of the royal family, and she was naive enough to
believe him.
necessary [nesqsqrI] adj. необходимый, обязательный: I’ll leave
it to you to make the necessary arrangements.
nervous [nE:vqs] adj. нервный: He was nervous before making a
presentation.
O
offer [Pfq] v.t. предлагать, делать предложение: I don’t need any
help, but it was kind of you to offer.
opportunity[, Ppqtju:nItI] n. удобный случай, благоприятная
возможность: May I take this opportunity of thanking everyone
for their hard work on the project.
orchestra [LkIstrq] n. оркестр: He plays the violin in the symphony
orchestra.
organization [,LgqnaIzeISn] организация: Fine results depend on
good organization.
outstanding [aVtstxndIN] adj. выдающийся: an outstanding young
musician.
P
painter [peIntq] n. художник: a portrait / landscape painter
panic [pxnIk] v.i. впадать в панику: The crowd panicked at the
sound of the explosion.
panorama [,pxnqrRmq] n. панорама: The book gives a panorama
of life in England 400 years ago.
Parliament [pRlqmqnt] n. парламент: The Queen opened
Parliament.
part [pRt] n. часть, доля; take part (in) принимать участие: The
question of cost will play an important part in our decision.
629
particular [pqtIkjVlq] adj. 1. особенный, особый: There was noth-
ing of particular importance in the letter. 2. разборчивый,
привередливый: She is not particular about her dress.
passage [pxsIG] n. 1. проход, проезд: Her room is just along the
narrow passage. 2. отрывок из произведения: His paper con-
tains brilliant passages.
patient [peISqnt] adj. терпеливый: Patient years of labour are still
ahead.
patriotism [peitriqtizm] n. патриотизм
pedestrian [pqdestrIqn] n. пешеход; pedestrian crossing n.
пешеходный переход
per cent [pqsent] процент; three per cent три процента
perform [pqfLm] v.t. выполнять, исполнять: He will perform
Hamlet next week.
performance n. выступление, представление, спектакль
phenomenon [fInPmInqn] n. феномен, явление: Magnetism is a
natural phenomenon.
pleasure [pleZq] n. удовольствие: He is travelling for pleasure.
point [pOInt] n. пункт, момент, cуть дела, вопрос: What are the
points to look for when you are buying a new computer?
politician [,pPlItISqn] n. политик
pollution [pqlu:Sqn] n. загрязнение: pollution of tourist beaches
popularity [,pPpjVlxrItI] n. популярность, успех: As his popularity
grew, Chaplin’s salary continued to rise.
population [, pPpjVleISqn] n. население: Half the world’s popula-
tion doesn’t get enough to eat.
portrait [pLtrIt] n. портрет: I asked him to paint my portrait.
position [pqzISqn] n. место, позиция, положение: I am looking for
a position as tutor.
poverty [pPvqtI] n. бедность: Poverty is no sin.
predict [prIdIkt] v.t. предсказывать: The fortune"teller predicts
that I will marry a doctor. | prediction n. предсказание
prejudice [preGqdIs] n. (against, in favour of) предубеждение,
предрассудок: A judge must be free from prejudice.
pretend [prItend] v.t. & i. притворяться, делать вид: She’s pre-
tending to be asleep.
630
prevent [prIvent] v.t. помешать, предотвратить: What can we do
to prevent this disease?
prevention n. предохранение, предупреждение
previous [prJvIqs] adj. предыдущий: Have you had any previous
experience of this kind of work?
principal [prInsIpql] adj. главный, основной: The Nile is one of the
principal rivers of Africa. n. директор, ректор
principle [prInsIpql] n. принцип: They agreed to the plan in prin-
ciple.
priority [praIPrItI] n. приоритет, порядок очерёдности: The
arranging of this business agreement is a top priority.
privacy [prIvqsI] n. уединение: Have I disturbed your privacy?
producer [prqdju:sq] n. производитель: Kuwait is one of the
world’s leading oil producers.
promote [prqmqVt] v.t. 1. продвигать, повысить в чине: They
promoted him captain. 2. cодействовать, поддерживать: to
promote trade / international understanding
promotion n. продвижение, содействие
protect [prqtekt] v.t. защищать, ограждать, предохранять: He
raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
protection n. защита, охрана
proud [praVd] adj. гордый: Edward was the proud father of the
twins.
public [pAblIk] n. общественность, народ, публика: The library is
open to the public.
pump [pAmp] v.t. качать, накачивать, выкачивать: The well has
been pumped dry.
push [pVS] v.t. толкать, пихать: He pushed me, and I fell into the
water.
Q
qualify [kwPlIfaI] v.i. (as / for) получить диплом, быть пригод-
ным: In three years he will qualify as an architect.
631
R
reaction [rIxkSqn] n. реакция: My first reaction was disbelief.
realize [rIqlaIz] v.t. осознавать: He didn’t realize the risks he was
taking.
reason [ri:zqn] n. (for) причина, обоснованный довод: The rea-
son for the flood was heavy rain. I know the reason why he has
broken the appointment.
recognize [rekqgnaIz] v.t. признавать, узнавать: Dogs recognize
people by their smell.
reduce [rIdju:s] v.t. уменьшать, сокращать: We can reduce the
report to three main parts.
register [reGIstq] v.t. (за)регистрировать, оформить: Newly
arrived guests must register at the hotel’s reception desk.
regulate [regjVleIt] v.t. регулировать, контролировать: You can
regulate the radiator by turning this little dial.
religion [rIlIGqn] n. религия, вера, вероисповедание: Music is a
religion with John.
religious adj. религиозный, набожный
remarkable [rImRkqbl] adj. замечательный, удивительный:
Finland is remarkable for the large number of its lakes.
rent [rent] v.t. арендовать, снимать в наём: I rent a room from Mrs.
Jones.
reply [rIplaI] n. ответ: I asked him, but he gave no reply.
represent [,reprIzent] v.t. изображать, обозначать, представлять:
The red lines on the map represent railways.
respect [rIspekt] n. (for) уважение: Have some respect for your
parents!
resume [rezjVmeI] n. резюме AmE for curriculum vitae
retrospective [,retrPspektIv] adj. ретроспективный, обращённый
в прошлое: retrospective exhibition
rise [raIz] n. подъём: We came to a rise in the road. v.i. вставать (на
ноги): He rose to his full height.
romance [rqVmxns] n. романтика, романс: Life seems to me full
of romance.
root [ru:t] n. корень: The idea took root in his mind.
632
run out phr. v. (of) иссякать, кончаться: He will soon run out of
money.
rush [rAS] n. стремительное движение; in the rush hour в часы
пик.
S
salary [sxlqrI] n. оклад, зарплата: He’s on a very good salary now.
save [seIv] v.t. экономить, избегать затрат: He took the bus to
save time.
schedule [Sedju:l] n. список, перечень, план, рас"писание: We
finished the project ahead of schedule.
scientist [saIqntIst] n. учёный
screen [skri:n] n. экран: She first appeared on the screen 15 years
ago.
security [sIkjVqrItI] n. безопасность: The security forces were
unable to keep order in the streets.
seem [si:m] v.i. казаться, представляться: Things are not always
what they seem to be.
selectively [sIlektIvlI] adv. выборочно: He quoted from his report
selectively to support his argument.
sensational [sqnseISqnl] adj. сенсационный: Has your team won?
That’s sensational news.
sense [sens] n. 1. чувство, ощущение: I haven’t got a very good
sense of direction, so I easily get lost. 2. смысл, значение: No
matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t make any sense
to me.
series [sIqrI:z] n. серия: Tonight we’re broadcasting the first epi-
sode of our new TV series on modern art.
shape [SeIp] n. форма, очертание: Mother has baked a cake in the
shape of a heart.
similar [sImIlq] adj. We have similar opinions; my opinions are
similar to hers.
skepticism [skeptIsIzm] n. скептицизм
skill [skIl] n. искусство, умение, мастерство: Reading and writing
are two different skills.
633
skyscraper [skaI, skreIpq] n. небоскрёб
slavery [sleIvqrI] n. рабство
society [sqsaIqtI] n. общество: Britain is now a multi"racial society.
someone [sAmwAn] pron. кто"либо, некто: Someone has used my
file and now I can’t find anything anywhere.
something [sAmTIN] pron. что"либо, нечто: Advice is something
we like to give but do not like to receive.
space [speIs] n. космическое / мировое пространство, место:
Keep some space between you and the car ahead.
spacecraft n. космический корабль
spread [spred] v.i. расстилаться, распространяться: The city now
spreads as far as the coast.
stamp [stxmp] v.i. наступить, давить: She stamped on the insect
and killed it.
standard [stxndqd] n. стандарт, норма, образец, эталон; adj.
стандартный: It’s one of the standard books on the subject.
step [step] n. шаг: Take a step backwards!
steward [stju:qd] n. упрaвляющий, распорядитель: Man hasn’t
yet learnt how to transform himself into a sensible steward of the
earth.
stock market фондовая биржа
strategy [strxtIGI] n. стратегия, оперативное искусство: We
have worked out a strategy for dealing with this situation.
strict [strIkt] adj. строгий, точный: They are very strict with their
children.
struggle [strAgl] v.i. (with) бороться, биться: We struggled with
this problem for a long time.
stumble [stAmbl] v.i. спотыкаться; stumbling block камень
преткновения
success [sqkses] n. успех, удача: She tried to get them to agree,
but without much success.
suddenly [sAdnlI] adv. внезапно, вдруг: They were talking on the
phone when suddenly the line went dead.
suit [sju:t] v.t. устраивать, подходить: The job suits me fine.
suitable adj. подходящий, годный
634
T
technology [teknPlqGI] n. техника, технология: a high level of
technology
term [tE:m] n. период, срок, условие, термин, выражение: in
terms of с точки зрения, в смысле, что касается: He thinks of
everything in terms of money.
think [TINk] well (highly) / little (poorly) of sb phr. v. быть высокого/
низкого мнения о ком"л.: We all think very highly of her.
throw away [TrqV] phr. v. выбросить: I have thrown the letter away.
tolerance [tPlqrqns] n. толерантность, терпимость, вынос-
ливость: Many old people have a very little tolerance to cold.
ton [tAn] n. тонна: He bought tons of fruit while it was cheap.
towards [tqwLdz] prep. по направлению к чему"л. / кому"л.:
They have taken the first step towards reaching an agreement.
traffic [trxfIk] движение, транспорт: The traffic is very heavy this
morning.
traffic lights n. светофор
train [treIn] v.i. as / under тренироваться, готовиться, обучаться:
She trained as a singer under a famous professor of music.
transaction [trxnzxkS(q)n] n. сделка, ведение дел: The bank
charges a fixed rate for each transaction.
transform [trxnsfLm] v.t. изменить, преобразовать: Getting that
new job has completely transformed her.
transformation n. превращение, метаморфоза: In recent years
his ideas have undergone a complete transformation.
trend [trend] n. The rise in crime is a disturbing new trend.
turning [tE:nIN] n. поворот, перекрёсток: Go down the road and
take the first turning on the right.
tyre [taIq] n. шина: The tyre needs more air pumping into it.
U
unbelievable [,AnbIli:vqbql] adj. невероятный, неимоверный:
She’s got an unvelievable number of cats!
upset (a plan) [Apset] v.t. 1. опрокинуть: He upset the cup and the
coffee went all over the floor. 2. расстроить здоровье: Eating
635
fish sometimes upsets my stomach. 3. нарушить (порядок и т.
п.): The sudden change in the weather upset our plans.
4. oгорчить: Do what he wants or you’ll upset him.
urge [E:G] v.t. убеждать, уговаривать: They urged us to give our
support.
V
view [vju:] v.t. обозревать, рассматривать: He viewed the land-
scape through binoculars.
viewer n. зритель
viewpoint n. точка зрения
violate [vaIqleIt] v.t. нарушать, попирать, преступать: violate the
law / one’s conscience / calm / a church
violation n. осквернение, нарушение
vision [vIZqn] n. зрение, видение, кругозор, образ, проница-
тельность: We need a man of vision as leader of the party.
W
wheel [w Jl] n. колесо: My sister was at the wheel.
willing [wIlIN] adj. склонный, расположенный, старательный: I’m
willing to believe that he will do his best. Are you willing to help?
well [wel] n. колодец: The well had a bucket that could be lowered
for water.
wellbeing n. благополучие, благосостояние: the well"being of
the nation
Учебное издание