Muestra

editorial
Prohibida su
reproducción
 9

MATHEMATICS
Revised and Updated
According to the New
Education Standards

ANSWERS TO SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

Marina Ester Gaitán de Moya

 Unidad 1 Polinomios

Contents
CHAPTER CHAPTER

1 Polynomials 6 2 Real Numbers 64

Multiplication of Polynomials...................................................................8 Square root...................................................................................................... 66
Multiplication of monomials..........................................................................8 Comparing square roots............................................................................... 69
Multiplication of a Polynomial by a Monomial........................................8 The set of irrational numbers.................................................................. 70
Multiplication of a Polynomial by a Polynomial......................................9 Irrational numbers on the number line................................................... 72
Numerical value of a polynomial............................................................... 12 A LITTLE OF...................................................................................................... 73
Special Binomial Products........................................................................ 13 The Set of Natural Numbers (N)................................................................ 74
Product of binomials with a common term........................................... 13 The Set of Integers (Z).................................................................................. 75
The square of a sum of two terms............................................................ 14 The set of real numbers............................................................................. 78
The square of a difference of two terms........................................... 15 Operations with radicals........................................................................... 79
Product of the form (x + a)(x −a)................................................................ 16 Multiplication and division of square roots........................................... 79
Product of the form (ax + b)(ax + c).......................................................... 17 Multiplying a rational number and a square root............................... 80
The cube of a sum of two terms................................................................ 18 Simplifying Radicals....................................................................................... 81
The cube of a difference of two terms................................................. 19 Multiplication and division of radicals of the form a√b.................... 82
Division of Polynomials........................................................................... 22 Multiplication and division of squares roots
Division of a Monomial by another Monomial .................................... 22 by simplification.............................................................................................. 83
Division of a Polynomial by a Monomial ............................................... 22 Rationalization................................................................................................. 85
Division of a Polynomial by a Polynomial ............................................ 25 Like Radicals..................................................................................................... 86
Synthetic Division........................................................................................... 28 Addition and subtraction of radicals....................................................... 86
The Remainder Theorem and The Factor Theorem............................. 30 Addition and subtraction of radicals using rationalization............. 89
The Remainder Theorem.............................................................................. 30 Distributive property in radical expressions.......................................... 90
The Factor Theorem .................................................................................. 30 Operations with square roots and special products.......................... 92
Grouping Symbols........................................................................................ 32 Division using conjugates........................................................................... 93
Placing grouping symbols........................................................................... 32 Evaluating expressions with square roots.............................................. 94
Removing grouping symbols..................................................................... 34 A LITTLE OF...................................................................................................... 95
Factorization................................................................................................... 36 CHALLENGE YOURSELF! ............................................................................ 96
TYPE ONE: Greatest Common Factor....................................................... 36 EVALUATION................................................................................................... 98
TYPE TWO: Polynomial Common Factor................................................ 38
TYPE THREE: Factoring by Grouping....................................................... 39
TYPE FOUR: Difference of Two Squares.................................................. 41
TYPE FIVE: Perfect Square Trinomial......................................................... 43
TYPE SIX: Trinomials of the form x² + bx + c......................................... 45
TYPE SEVEN: Trinomials of the form ax² + bx + c; a>1...................... 47
TYPE EIGHT: Factor the Sum or Difference of Cubes........................ 49
Factorization using Synthetic Division................................................... 50
Rational Expressions................................................................................... 52
Fundamental principle of rational expressions.................................... 52
Sign of rational expressions......................................................................... 52
Simplifying rational expressions............................................................... 52
Operations with rational expressions...................................................... 55
Multiplying rational expressions............................................................... 55
Dividing rational expressions.................................................................... 56
Least Common Multiple of Polynomials................................................. 57
Addition and Subtraction of rational expressions............................... 58
Rational expressions with common denominators............................ 58
Rational expressions with unlike denominators.................................. 59
CHALLENGE YOURSELF!............................................................................. 60
EVALUATION................................................................................................... 61
PROBLEM SOLVING...................................................................................... 62
LEARNING IS FUN!......................................................................................... 63

2
2

CHAPTER
Quadratic
3 equations 102
Quadratic or Second Degree Equations...........................................104
Complete and Incomplete Quadratic Equations...............................104
Methods for solving Quadratic Equations............................................105
Solving by Factoring....................................................................................105
Completing the square...............................................................................109
Quadratic Formula........................................................................................112
Quadratic Equations in Problem Solving........................................115
CHALLENGE YOURSELF! ..........................................................................119
EVALUATION.................................................................................................121
Reducing Equations to Quadratic Form...........................................123
Rational Equations........................................................................................124
Radical Equations.........................................................................................128
Radical equations reducible to linear equations...............................128
Equations with Radicals in the denominator......................................128
Equations with Radicals Reducible to Quadratic Form...................130
Absolute Value Equations..........................................................................132
Absolute value equations subject to conditions...............................134
CHALLENGE YOURSELF! ..........................................................................136
LEARNING IS FUN!.......................................................................................137
CHAPTER
4 Geometry 138
Similar Figures..............................................................................................140
Geometric Transformations.......................................................................142
Similar Polygons............................................................................................143
Similar Triangles..........................................................................................143
Similarity Theorems......................................................................................146
Proving triangles similar.............................................................................148
Parallel Lines and Proportion....................................................................150
Triangle Midsegment Theorem................................................................154
Thales Theorem..............................................................................................156
Dividing segments proportionally .........................................................158
Application of triangle similarity.............................................................159
The Pythagorean Theorem.....................................................................162
Polygons..........................................................................................................172
Elements of a Polygon................................................................................172
Classification of polygons.......................................................................173
Triangles of a Polygon..............................................................................173
Regular Polygons...........................................................................................174
Perimeter and Area of regular polygons
with more than four sides..........................................................................178
Construction of Regular Polygons..........................................................180
Metric Relations in Regular Polygons....................................................181
Circles .............................................................................................................185
Parts of a Circumference.............................................................................185
Construction of the center of the circle................................................186
The tangent of a circle................................................................................187
Proofs with tangents to a circle................................................................190
Matemática 9
Construction of a line tangent to a circle
through a point exterior to the circle ....................................................190
Area of a Circle................................................................................................192
Geometric Solids: Prisms, Cylinders, Pyramids and Cones.....194
Lateral Areas....................................................................................................197
Volume of a prism.........................................................................................198
Volume of a cylinder....................................................................................199
Volume of Pyramids and Cones...............................................................200
Volume of a Cone..........................................................................................201
Volume of a sphere.......................................................................................202
PROBLEM SOLVING....................................................................................203
MATHEMATICs....................................................................................................204
CHALLENGE YOURSELF! ..........................................................................205
EVALUATION.................................................................................................206
LEARNING IS FUN!.......................................................................................207
Organizing and
presenting data 208
CHAPTER
5
Frequency.......................................................................................................210
Frequency tables for grouped data .......................................................212
Histograms and Frequency polygons....................................................214
Relative frequency........................................................................................216
Central tendency measures...................................................................219
Mode .............................................................................................................219
Mean .............................................................................................................220
Median ............................................................................................................220
CHALLENGE YOURSELF! ..........................................................................224
EVALUATION.................................................................................................226
LEARNING IS FUN!.......................................................................................227
Chapter Formative
6
Test 228
Diagnostic Test.............................................................................................229
Formative Test Chapter 1 ...........................................................................231
Formative Test Chapter 2 ...........................................................................233
Formative Test Chapter 3 ...........................................................................235
Formative Test Chapter 4 ...........................................................................237
Formative Test Chapter 5 ...........................................................................239
3
3
Chapter

1 Polynomials

Chapter Objectives
Perform multiplication and division of
polynomials.

Perform multiplication of polynomials us-

ing special binomial products.

Factorize polynomials.

Contents

Multiplication and division of a polynomial

by a monomial.
Multiplication of polynomials.
Numerical value of a polynomial.
Special binomial products.
Application of special binomial products.
Factorization of polynomials.
Applications of factorization.

4
RSA algorithm and factorization

T
he RSA public key algorithm was created in 1977 by Ronald
Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adelman. It is the most used
asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. The three analyst cre-
ated this algorithm based on the papers of Diffie-Hellman about
public key systems and later founded their company RSA Data
Security Inc., one of the most prestigious companies focused on
data protection.

The algorithm is based on the fact that finding the factors of a

large composite number is difficult. When factoring a number, the
most logical step to find the divisors of the number is to divide
said number by 2, then by 3, 4, ... and so on until the remainder of
such division is zero.

If the number in question turns out to be a prime number, its only

divisors are 1 and the number itself. If we call this number n, then
we will have to perform n divisions to find a divisor. If the number
is also a very large number, the process becomes very slow and
complicated. [...]
This is called the prime factorization problem.

RSA is a key pair (public and private key) generator. An RSA user
creates and publishes a public key based on two large prime num-
bers, along with an auxiliary value. The prime numbers are kept
secret on the machine that generates the private key, which, once
generated, is protected by a symmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Networking and Emerging Optimization (2015). RSA. Spain:
Recovered from http://neo.lcc.uma.es/evirtual/cdd/tutorial/presentacion/rsa.html

Think about it
On what fact is based the RSA cryp-
tographic algorithm?

5
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 1

1 Multiply: 3 Find each product:

a. (−6x3)(7x⁴) = (−6 × 7) x(3+4) = −42x7 a. (s +7)(s+ 5) = s (s+ 5) +7(s+ 5)
b. (−2x7)(3x5) = (−2 × 3) x(7+5) = −6x12 = s2 + 5s + 7s +35 = s2 + 12s + 35
b. (q − 1)(q + 4) = q (q + 4) − 1(q + 4)
c. (3y7)(5y4) = (3 × 5)y(7+4) = 18y11
= q2 + 4q – q – 4 = q2 + 3q – 4
d. (5p3)(10p2) = (5×10) p(3+2) = 50p5
c. (x + 6)(x−6) = x (x−6) + 6(x−6)
e. (15a5)(2a4) = (15×2)a (5+4)= 30a9 = x2 – 6x + 6x + 36 = x2+36
f. (−2xy6)(−2x6y) = (−2)(−2)x(1+6) y(6+1)= 4x⁷ y⁷ d. (y + 4)(y − 8) = y (y − 8) + 4(y − 8)
g. (9p)(3q²) = (9×3)pq2 = 27pq2 = y2 – 8y + 4y – 32 = y2 – 4y – 32
h. (3a3)(4b²) = (3×4)a3b2= 12a3 b2 e. (2x + 3)(6x − 4) = 2x (6x − 4) + 3(6x − 4)
i. (−3m3)(6n²) = (−3×6)m3 n2 = −18m3 n2 = 12x2 – 8x + 18x –12 = 12x2 + 10x –12
f. (4m + 3)(4m + 3)
j. (2r3)(−9s²) = 2×(–9)r(3+2) = –18r5
= 4m (4m + 3) + 3(4m + 3)
= 16m2 + 12m + 12m + 9
= 16m2 + 24m + 9
2 Find each product:
g. (5x + 1) (2x² + 4x + 1)
a. 3m (2m + 2)
= 5x (2x² + 4x + 1) + 1(2x² + 4x + 1)
3m(2m)+3m(2)= 6m2+6m
= 10x3+20x2+5x+2x2+4x+1
b. −5w(6 − 3w)
= 10x3 + 22x2 + 9x + 1
–5w(6)–5w(–3w)= –30w+15w2
4 p3 + 5 p²) h. (8n − 2) (8n² − 6n +1)
c. 3p(− 15 12
4 p3) + 3p( 5 p2) = 8n (8n² − 6n +1) − 2(8n² − 6n +1)
= 3p(− 15 12 = 64n3 – 48n2 + 8n – 16n2 + 12n – 2
= – 12 p 4
+ 15 p3 = – 4 p4 + 5 p3
15 12 5 4 = 64n3 – 64n2 + 20n – 2
d. 9x( 49 + 36 x+5x3)
i. (3a + 2) (9a² + a +1)
= 9x( 49 ) + 9x ( 36 x) + 9x (5x3)
= 3a (9a² + a +1) + 2(9a² + a +1)
= 4x + 27 6
x2 + 45x⁴
= 27a3 + 3a2 + 3a + 18a2 + 2a + 2
e. −8z ( 3z + 2z² + 2z3)
= 27a3 + 21a2 + 5a + 2
= −8z(3z) + 8z (2z²) + 8z (2z3)
j. (2r − 1) (3r² + 2r −2)
= –24z2 -–16z3- –16z4
= 2r (3r² + 2r −2) − 1(3r² + 2r −2)
f. 7y(3 + 5y² − 2y3)
= 6r3 + 4r2 – 4r – 3r2 – 2r + 2
= 7y(3) + 7y(5y²)− 7y(2y3)
= 6r3 + r2 – 6r +2
= 21y + 35y3 – 14y⁴
k. (4w + 3) (5w3 − 3w² +w −5)
g. 2y3(3 + 2y + 5y4)
= 4w(5w3−3w²+w −5) + 3(5w3−3w² +w −5)
= 2y3(3) + 2y3(2y) + 2y3(5y4)
= 20w⁴–12w3+4w2–20w+15w3–9w2+3w-15
= 6y3 + 4y4 + 10y⁷
= 20w⁴ + 3w3 – 5w2 – 17w –15
h. −2m4(3m² + 5m + 6)
l. (y + 4) (3y4 − 2y² + 1)
= −2m4(3m² )+ (−2m4)(5m) + (−2m4)(6)
= y(3y4 − 2y² + 1) + 4(3y4 − 2y² + 1)
= –12m⁶ –10m⁵ –12m⁴
= 3y⁵–2y3+y+12y⁴–8y2+4
= 3y⁵+ 12y⁴–2y3–8y2+y+4

6
 Matemática 9

m. (x − 2) (6x5 − 2x3 + x² − 2x + 3) = [2b(2b+1)+1(2b+1)](2b+1)

= x(6x5−2x3+x²−2x+3)−2(6x5−2x3+x²−2x +3) = (4b2+2b+2b+1)(2b+1) = (4b2+4b+1)(2b+1)
= 6x⁶–2x⁴+x3–2x2+3x–12x⁵+4x3–2x2+4x–6 = 4b2 (2b+1) + 4b(2b+1) +1(2b+1)
= 6x⁶–12x⁵–2x⁴+5x3–4x2+7x–6 = 8b3+ 4b2+ 8b2 + 4b + 2b +1
n. (2y + 3) (y4 − y3 + y2 − y +1) = 8b3 + 12b2 + 6b + 1
= 2y (y4−y3+y2− y +1) + 3(y4 − y3 + y2 − y +1) g. (p + 4)3
= 2y⁵–2y⁴+2y3–2y2+2y+3y⁴–3y3+3y2–3y+3
= (p+4)(p+4)(p+4)=[p(p+4)+4(p+4)](p+4)
= 2y⁵+y⁴–y3+y2–y+3 = (p2+4p+4p+16)(p+4)=(p2+8p+16)(p+4)
o. (5m² + 4m +1) (m² − 3m +5) = p2 (p+4) + 8p(p+4) +16(p+4)
=5m²(m²−3m+5) + 4m(m²−3m+5) = p3+4p2+ 8p2+32p+16p+64
+ 1(m²−3m+5) = p3 + 12p2 + 48p + 64
=5m⁴ – 15m3 + 25m2+ 4m3– 12m2 + 20m + h. (2m − 1)3
m2 – 3m + 5
= (2m–1)(2m–1)(2m–1)
= 5m⁴– 11m3 + 14m2 + 17m + 5 =[2m(2m–1)–1(2m–1)](2m–1)
p. (3m² + m − 2) (m² − 4m + 5) = (4m2–2m–2m+1)(2m–1)
= 3m² (m²−4m+5) + m(m²−4m+5) = (4m2–4m+1)(2m–1)
−2(m²−4m+5) = 4m2 (2m–1)–4m(2m–1)+1(2m–1)
= 3m4 – 12m3 + 15m2 + m3 – 4m2 + 5m = 8m3 – 4m2 – 8m2 + 4m + 2m –1
– 2m2 + 8m – 10 = 8m3 – 12m2 + 6m –1
= 3m⁴ – 11m3 + 9m2 + 13m – 10 i. (s + 1)4

= (s+1)(s+1)(s+1)(s+1)
4 Find each product: = (s2+s+s+1)(s2+s+s+1)
= (s2+2s+1)(s2+2s+1)
a. (x + 8)²
= s⁴ + 2s3+s2+2s3+4s2+2s+s2+2s+1
= (x+8)(x+8) = x(x+8) + 8(x+8)
= s⁴+4s3+6s2+4s+1
= x2 + 8x + 8x + 64 = x2 +16x + 64
j. (5z + 2y)4
b. (a − 7)²
= (5z+2y)(5z+2y)(5z+2y)(5z+2y)
= (a–7)(a–7)= a(a–7) – 7(a–7)
=(25z2+10yz+10yz+4y2 )(25z2+10yz+10yz+4y2)
= a2 – 7a – 7a + 49 = a2 – 14a + 49
= (25z2+20yz+4y2 )(25z2+20yz+4y2)
c. (5h + 3r)²
= 625z⁴ + 500yz3+100y2 z2
= (5h+3r)(5h+3r)= 5h(5h+3r)+3r(5h+3r)
500yz3+400y2 z2 + 80y3 z
= 5h2 + 15hr + 15hr + 9r2 = 5h2+30hr+9r2
100y2 z2 + 80y3 z + 16y⁴
d. (3m − 8n)²
625z4 +1000yz3+ 600y2 z2 +160y3 z +16y⁴
= (3m–8n)(3m–8n)
k. 9(3m − 4)(2m + 1)
= 3m(3m–8n) – 8n(3m–8n)
= 9(6m2 + 3m – 8m – 4)
= 3m2 – 24mn – 24mn + 64n2
= 9(6m2 – 5m – 4)
= 3m2 – 48mn + 64n2
= 54m2 – 45m – 36
e. (m − 3)²
l. −4r(3r+2)(2r−5)
= (m – 3)(m – 3) = m(m – 3) – 3(m–3)
= –4r(6r2–15r+4r–10)
= m2 – 3m – 3m + 9 = m2 – 6m + 9
= –4r(6r2 – 11r –10)
f. (2b + 1)3
= –24r3 + 44r2 + 40r
= (2b+1)(2b+1)(2b+1)

7
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

m. −3a(3a + 1)(a − 4) d. [P(x) + Q(x)] ∙ R(x)

= –3a(3a2–12a+a–4)
[(2x² + 5x − 5) + ( 12 x − 4)] (3x² – x + 11) =
= –3a(3a2–11a–4)
(2x² + 11 x − 9)(3x² – x + 11) =
= –9a3+33a2+12a 2
n. 3p3(2p²+5p)(p3+2p+1) 6x4 – 2x3 +
22x2
= 3p3 (2p⁵+4p3+2p2+5p4+10p2+5p)
33 x3 + 11 x2 + 121 x
=3p3(2p⁵+5p⁴+4p3+12p2+5p) 2 2 2
=6p⁸+15p⁷+12p⁶+36p⁵+15p⁴ –
27x2 + 9x – 99
5 Given: P(x) = 2x² + 5x − 5
6x4 + 29
2
x3 + 1
2
x2 + 139
2
x – 99
Q(x) = 12 x − 4
R (x) = 3x2 − x + 11
Find: 6 Given: P(x) = 2x² + 5x − 5
a. P(x) ∙ Q(x) Q(x) = 2x² + 2x + 14
= (2x² + 5x − 5)( 12 x − 4) S(x) = x5 − 23 x3 + 45 x
x3– 8x2 R(x) = −2x5 + 38 x3 − 1x
4

5 x2 –20x
2
Find: a. P(x)[Q(x) + R(x)]
– 52 x +20
(2x²+5x−5)[(2x²+2x+14) + (−2x5 + 38 x3 − 14 x) =
x3 – 11
2
x2 – 45
2
x +20
(2x² + 5x − 5)[−2x5 + 38 x3 +2x²+ 74 x+14] =
(2x² + 5x − 5)[−2x5 +0x4+ 38 x3 +2x²+ 74 x+14] =
b. Q(x) ∙ R(x)
–4x7 + 0x6 + 34 x5 + 4x4 + 72 x3 + 28x2
= ( 12 x − 4)(3x² – x + 11)
– 10x6 + 0x5 + 15/8x4 + 10x3 +35/4x2 +70x
3 x3 – 1 x2 – 11 x
2 2 2
10x5 + 0x4 – 15/8 x3 – 10x2 – 35/4 x –70
–
12x2 + 4x – 4
4 –4x7–10x6 + 43/4x5 + 47/8x4 + 93/8x3 + 107/4 x2 + 245/4x–70
3
x3 – 25 x2 + 19 x – 44
2 2 2
b. [P(x) − Q(x)][R(x) − S(x)]
c. P(x) ∙ R(x) [(2x²+5x−5)–(2x²+2x+14)][(−2x5 + 3/8x3−1/4x)–(x5 – 2/3x3+4/5x)]

= (2x² + 5x − 5)(3x² – x + 11) = [2x²+5x−5–2x2–2x–14][–2x5+3/8x3–1/4x–x5+2/3x3–4/5x]

6x4 – 2x3 +
22x2 = [3x–19][–3x5 + 25/24x3– 21/20x]
15x3 – 5x2 + 55x
–9x6 + 0x5 + 25/8x4 + 0x3 – 63/20 x2
–
15x2 + 5x – 55 57x5 + 0x4 – 4 75/8x3 + 0x2 + 399/20x
–9x6 + 57x5 + 25/8x4 – 475/8x3º– 63/20 x2 + 399/20x
6x4 + 13x3 + 2x2 + 60x – 55

8
 Matemática 9

c. Q(x)[R(x) + P(x)] 8 For the rectangular prism below, express each

(2x²+2x+14)[(−2x5 + 38 x3 − 14 x)+(2x²+5x−5)] measure as a polynomial.
3x + 6
= (2x²+2x+14)[−2x5 + 3 x3 − 14 x+2x²+5x−5] x+4
8
= (2x²+2x+14)[−2x5 + 3/8x3 +
2x2 + 19/4x – 5]
–4x7 + 0x6 + 3/4x5 + 4x4 + 19/2x3 – 10x2
– 4x6 + 0x5 + 3/4x4 + 4x3 + 19/2 x2 – 10x 2x + 3
– 28x5 + 0x4 + 21/4x3 + 28x2 + 133/2x – 70
–4x7 – 4x6 –109/4x5 + 19/4 x4 +75/4 x3 + 55/2x2 + 113/2x – 70

d. [P(x) ∙ Q(x)] − [S(x) + R(x)] a. The sum of the length of its edges.
[(2x²+5x−5)(2x²+2x+14)]–[x5–2/3x3+4/5x–2x5+3/8x3–1/4x] Edge 1= 3x+6; Edge 2= x+4; Edge 3= 2x+3
= [4x4 +14x3 +28x2 +60x –70]–[–x5– 7/24x3 + 11/20x] Sum edges = 4A1 + 4A2 + 4A3
= 4x4 +14x3 +28x2 +60x –70 + x5 +7/24x3 – 11/20x
= 4(A1+A2+A3)
= x5 + 4x4 + 343/24x3 + 28x2 + 1189/20x – 70
Sum edges = 4[(3x+6) + (x+4) + (2x+3)]
Sum edges = 4(6x+13)
7 Express the area (A) of each figure as a prod- Sum edges = 24x+52
uct.
b. The sum of the areas of its two bases.
a.
m Ab1 = bh
Ab1= (3x+6)(x+4) = 3x2+12x+6x+24
p Ab1= 3x2+18x+24
Ab2= bh
Ab2 = Ab1 + Ab2 = (3x+6)(x+4) = 3x2+18x+24
q
ATotal =2(3x2+18x+24)
b = width = n ; h = length = m+p+q ATotal =6x2 + 36x + 48
A = bh = n(m+p+q) = mn+np+nq c. The lateral area.
b. Al = Pb ∙ h ;
x a Al = lateral area, Pb = base perimeter
b h = height
a
Pb = 2b + 2h
Pb = 2(3x+6) + 2(x+4)
a x
Pb = 6x + 12 + 2x + 8 = 8x+20
b= width = x+a; h = length =a+b Al =(8x+20)(2x+3)
A = bh = (a+x)(a+b) Al = 16x2 + 24x + 40x + 60

A= a2 + ab + ax + bx Al = 16x2 + 64x + 60

9
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

d. The volume of the prism. c.

x x
V = length × width × height h
V=(x+4)(3x+6)(2x+3)
x
V=(3x2+18x+24)(2x+3) A= area, b = base, h = height
V= 6x3 + 45x2 + 102x + 72
A= bh = (x)(h) = hx
2 2 2
9 For each figure, find the polynomial that
represents its area. d. n
2
a. n 2n
b A1 b
a a n
b+2 b+2
A2 2
n
a+2 a+2
n
A1 = 2b ; A2 = 2(a+2)=2a+4
n 2n
AT=A1+A2 = 2b + 2a + 4 = 2a + 2b + 4 = 2(a+b+2)
n
b. m n
m

m rectangle area =bh

a
m b= base = n+n+2n=4n; h= height =n
m
A=(4n)(n)=4n2
A = area, P = perimeter, a=apothem square area =l2 ; A=n2
P = 5m ATotal= 2× A cuadrado + Arectángulo
A= Pa = (5m)(a) = 2.5am ATotal= 2n2 + 4n2 = 6n2
2 2

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 2

10 Find the numerical value of each expression, 11 Find the numerical value if a = −3 and b = 5.
if x = −2 .
a. a2 − 2b + 1 = (−3)2 − 2(5)+1= 0
a. x − 3 = –2–3 = –5
b. 2b − a + 8 = 2(5)–(–3)+8=21
b. 2 − x = 2 – (–2) = 2 + 2 = 4
c. (a + b)(a − b) = (–3+5)(–3–5)= (2)(–8)= –16
c. (x + 1)(x − 2) = (–2+1)(–2–2)=(–1)(–4) = 4
d. −a( b2 − a2) = –(–3)((5)2–(–3)2) = 3(25–9)
d. −( 1 − x2) = – (1–(–2)2) = –(1–4) = –(–3)=3
= 3(16) = 48

10
 Matemática 9

12 Find the value of L in the formula L = 2pr, a. Write an algebraic expression denoting
that express the length of a circumference in the amount of fuel left in the tank as the
terms of its radius, for r = 2 cm and r = 5 cm. car travels a certain distance.
If r = 2 cm; If g = fuel and k = kilometers traveled
then,
L = 2πr = 2π(2cm)= 4π cm g = 40 – 5/100 k

If r= 5 cm; b. How many liters are left in the tank when

L= 2πr = 2π(5cm) = 10π cm
13 A car has a 40-liters fuel tank. It has a fuel con-
sumption rate of 5 l for each 100 km traveled.
the car has traveled 300 km?
If 5 L are consumed every 100km , the
amount of liters consumed in k kilometers
is 5/100 k .
If k = 300, then:
5/100 k = 5/100(300) = 15 liters

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 3

14 Expand each expression.

i. (a−11)(a + 1)
a. (x + 3)(x − 3) = x2+(3–3)x+(3)(–3) = x2–9
a2 + (–11+1)a + (–11)(1) = a2 –10a –11
b. (2x − y)(2x + y)
j. (x + 7)(x − 3)
= (2x)2+(–1+1)y+(y)(y) = 4x2–y2
x2 + (7–3)x + (7)(–3) = x2 + 4x –21
c. (x + 5)(x − 5)
k. (x − 3)(x − 1)
x2 + (5–5)x + (5)(–5) = x2 – 25
x2 + (–3–1)x + (–3)(–1) = x2 – 4x + 3
d. (x + 4)(x − 4)
l. (x − 5)(x − 4)
x2 + (4–4)x + (4)(–4) = x2 – 16
x2 + (–5+4)x + (–5)(4) = x2 – x – 20
e. (2x+3)(2x− 3)
m. (a + 9)(a − 2)
(2x)2 + (3–3)x + (3)(–3) = 4x2 – 9
a2 + (9–2)x + (9)(–2) = x2 + 7x – 18
f. (3x+2)(3x − 2)
n. (a − 4)(a + 2)
(3x)2 + (2–2)x + (2)(–2)= 9x2 – 4
a2 + (–4+2)a + (–4)(2) = a2 – 2a – 8
g. (x + 7)(x − 5)
o. (a − 2)(a − 5)
x2 + (7–5)x + (7)(–5) = x2 + 2x –35
a2 + (–2–5)a + (–2)(–5) = a2 – 7a + 10
h. (x + 3)(x + 2)

x2 + (3+2)x + (3)(2)=x2 + 5x + 6

11
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 4

15 Using the given formula, expand each bi- the geometric meaning of the expression
nomial: (x+y)² = x² + 2xy + y²
The square of a sum of two terms is equal to
a. (a+5)²
the sum of the squares of the two terms and
a2 + 2(a)(5) +52 = a2 + 10a + 25 twice the product of the two terms.
b. (y+10)²
y2 + 2(y)(10) + 102 = y2 + 20y + 100 17 Expand the square of the binomial, then
combine like terms.
c. (a+4)(a+4)
a. (x+3)²+ x² − 7x
a2 + 2(a)(4) + 42 = a2 + 8a +16
x2 + 2(x)(3) + 32 + x2 – 7x
d. (x+3)² = x2 + 6x + 9 + x2 – 7x
x2 + 2(x)(3) + 32 = x2 + 6x + 9 = 2x2 – x + 9
e. (x+7)(x+7) b. (2x + 1)² − 3x² + 8
x2 + 2(x)(7) + 72 = x2 + 14x + 49 (2x)2 + 2(2x)(1) +12 – 3x2 + 8
f. (x+1)(x+1)
= 4x2 + 4x + 1 – 3x2 + 8 = x2 + 4x + 9
(x+1)2 = x2 + 2(x)(1) + 12 = x2 + 2x + 1
c. (5x + 1)2 + 2x2 − 1
g. (7 + 6b⁵)2
(5x)2 + 2(5x)(1) + 12 + 2x2 - 1
72 + 2(7)(6b5) + (6b5)2 =49+84b5+36b10
= 25x2 + 10x + 1 + 2x2 - 1= 27x2 + 10x
h. (3f ⁵ + 2f 3)2
(3f⁵ )2 + 2(3f⁵ )(2f 3 )+ (2f3)2 = 9f1⁰ + 12f⁸ + 4f⁶
x2 + 4x + 4 - (x2 + 8x +16) + 4x + 12
16 Write in your own words, what you think is = x2 + 4x + 4 - x2 - 8x -16 + 4x + 12 = 0

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 5

18 Using the given formula, expand each bino- c. (x − 12 )²

mial:
a. (a−3)² x2 – 2(x)(1/2) + (1/2)2= x2 – x + 1/4

a2–2(a)(3)+(3)2 = a2 – 6a + 9 19 Write in your own words what do you think

the equality (x − y)² = x² − 2xy + y² means.
b. (5 − y)²
The square of a difference of two terms is the
52–2(5)(y)+(y)2 = 25–10y+y2 = y2 – 10y + 25 sum of the squares of the terms minus twice
their product.

12
 Matemática 9

20 Expand the square of the binomial, then 21 Fill in the space with a number that makes
combine like terms. the trinomial a perfect square trinomial.
a. (x − 4)² + 8x − 16 ax2 + bx + c → b=2√c ; c= b 2
2 ( )
= x2– 2(x)(4) + 42 + 8x – 16
a. x² + 6x + 9
= x2 – 8x + 16 + 8x – 16 = x2

b. (3x − 1)² − 6x² + 6x

( ) ( )
c = b 2= 6 2= (3)2 = 9
2 2
= (3x)2 – 2(3x)(1) + 12– 6x2 + 6x b. x² − 10 x + 25
= 9x2 – 6x + 1 – 6x2 + 6x b=2√c = 2√25 = 2(5) = 10
= 3x2 + 1
c. (2x)² − 16x + 8 ²
c.

(x − 5)² − (x − 3)² − 16
= x2 – 10x + 25 – (x2 – 6x + 9) – 16
( ) ( )
c = b 2= 16 2= (8)2
2 2

= x2 – 10x + 25 – x2 + 6x – 9 –16 22 Prove that 4ab + (a − b)² = (a + b)².

= –4x 4ab + a2– 2ab + b2 = (a+b)2
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a+b)2
(a+b)2 = (a+b)2

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 6
23 Use the preceding formula to find each a. (x − 7)(x + 7) − x² + 50
product: x2 – 49 – x2 + 50 = 1
a. (x + 2)(x − 2)
b. (2a − 3b)(2a + 3b) + 9b² + 1
(x)2 – (2)2 = x2 – 4
4a2– 9b2 + 9b2 + 1= 4a2 + 1
c. (x − 12 )(x + 12 ) + 43
b. (a − 3b)(a + 3b)
x2– 1/4 +3/4 = x2 – 1/2
(a)2 – (3b)2 = a2 – 9b2

26 Copy these equations in your notebook and

c. (x − 1
2
)(x + 1
2
)
fill in the blanks:
(x)2– (1/2)2 = x2 – 1/4
a. (x + 7 )(x − 7) = x² − 49
24 Write in your own words what do you think
b. x² − 4 = ( x + 2) ( x − 2)
the equality (x + y)(x − y) = x² − y² means.
The square of a difference of two terms is the
sum of the squares of the terms minus twice 27 Write the binomials below as the product of
their product. the sum and difference of two terms.
25 Expand the products , then add like terms. a. x² − 1 = (x +1)(x −1)
b. 1 − a² = (1 + a)(1 – a)

13
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

c. 64x² − 9 = (8x + 3)(8x – 3) e. x² − 144 = (x+12)(x –12)

d. y² − 81 = (y + 9)( y – 9)
(
f. 36 − x² = 6 + x
49 2 ) (6 – 2x ) 4

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 7

28 Use the preceding formula to find each f. (2r − 2)(3r − 4)

product: = 2(3)r2 + (2(–4) + (–2)(3))r + (–2)(–4)
= 6r2 + (–8–6)r + 8
a. (2x + 2)(6x − 1)
= 2(6) x2 + (2(–1) + 2(6))x + 2(–1) = 6r2 – 14r + 8
= 12x2 + (–2+12)x – 2 g. ( 23 x − 6)( 32 x + 64 )
= 12x2 + 10x – 2
= 2/3(3/2)x2 + (2/3(6/4) + (–6)(3/2))x+(–6)(6/4)
b. (4y − 3)(2y + 5) = x2 + (1–9)x – 9
= 4(2)y2+(4(5)+(–3)(2))y+(–3)(5)
= x2 – 8x – 9
= 8y2 + (20–6)y –15
29 Copy these equations in your notebook and
= 8y2 + 14y –15
fill in the blanks:
c. (3m + 5)(4m + 3)
= 3(4) m2 + (3(3) +(5)(4))m+(5)(3) a. (2x + 1)(3x − 2) = 6 x² − 1 x − 2
= 12m2 + (9+20)m + 15 b. (9x − 3)(6x − 1) = 54 x² − 27 x + 3
= 12m2 + 29m + 15
c. (5x + 5)(2x − 2) = 10 x² + 0 x − 10
d. ( 12 x − 4)( 23 x + 34 )
= 1/2(2/3)x2+(1/2 (3/4)+(–4)(2/3))x+(–4)(3/4) d. (3x + 3)(2x − 4) = 6 x² − 6 x − 12
= 1/3 x2 + (3/8–8/3)x–3 e. (4x + 3)(2x − 7) = 8 x² − 22 x − 21
= 1/3x2 – 55/24 x – 3
f. (2x − 1)(3x − 2) = 6 x² − 7 x + 2
e. (6s + 2)(2s − 1)
g. (7x + 2)(2x − 3) = 14 x² − 17 x − 6
= 6(2)s2 + (6(–1)+2(2))s + 2(–1)
= 12s2 + (–6+4)s – 2
= 12s2 – 2s – 2

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 8

30 Expand each product: c. (x − 12 )3

a. (x + 3)3 = x3 – 3(x)2(1/2)+3(x)(1/2)2 – (1/2)3
= x3 + 3(x)2(3) +3(x)(3)2 + (3)3 = x3 – 3/2 x2 + 3/4 x + 1/8
= x3 + 9x2 + 27x + 27
d. (m − 27 )3
b. (0.2a + 5)3
= (0.2a)3 + 3(0.2a)2(5) + 3(0.2a)(5)2 + (5)3 = m3 – 3(m)2 (2/7) + 3(m)(2/7)2 – (2/7)3
= 0.008a3 + 0.6a2 + 15a + 125 = m3 – 6/7 m2 + 12/49 m – 8/343

14
 Matemática 9

e. (s + 54 )3 32 By simple inspection, without performing

= s3 + 3(s)2(5/4) + 3(s)(5/4)2 + (5/4)3 operations, find the cube of the binomial
1
that corresponds to x1⁵ − x¹⁰ + 13 x⁵ − 27
= s3 + 15/4 s2 + 75/16 s + 125/64
Explain your answer.
f. ( 23 + x)3
= (2/3)3 + 3(2/3)2(x) + 3(2/3)(x)2 + (x)3 a. (x + 13 )3
= 8/27 + 4/3 x + 2x2 + x3
b. (x⁵ + 13 )3
31 Write the polynomial that represents the
volume of the given cube. c. (x⁵ − 1 )3
3
Cube Volume = side × side × side
side= a+5 d. (x¹² − 13 )3
V = (a+5)(a+5)(a+5) (x⁵–1/3)3 = (x5)3 – 3(x⁵)2(1/3) + 3(x⁵)(1/3)2 – (1/3)3
V = (a+5)3 = a3 + 15a2 + 75a + 125 = x1⁵–x1⁰+ 1/3 x⁵ – 1/27

33 Fill in the missing terms.

5

a. ( 2y + 13 )3 = 8y3 + 4y2 + 2/3 y + 1/27

a

a
a b. (m2 –1 )3 = m⁶ −3m4 + 3m2 – 1
a 5 5

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 9

34 Solve by simple inspection, without per- g. (a − 2)² a2 – 4a + 4

forming operations:
h. (3a − 4)² 9a2 – 24a + 16
a. (a + 5)² a2 + 10a + 25
i. (2x − 2y)² 4x2 – 8xy + 4y2
b. (3a + 2)² 9a2 + 12a + 4
j. (3x − 2y)² 9x2 – 12xy + 4y2
c. (2a + 2b)² 4a2 + 8ab + 4b2
k. (4a − 3b)² 16a2 – 24ab + 9b2
d. (3x + 2y)² 9x2 + 12xy + 4y2
l. (x − y)² x2 – 2xy + y2
e. (4a + 2b)² 16a2 + 16ab + 4b2
m. (x + 3)(x − 3) x2 – 9
f. (3a + 4b)² 9a2 + 24ab + 16b2
n. (2x − y)(2x + y) 4x2 – y2

15
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

o. (x + 5)(x − 5) x2 – 25 j. (2a − 3)3 8a3 – 36a2 + 54a – 27

p. (x + 4)(x − 4) x2 – 16 k. (3a − 2b)3 27a3 – 54a2b + 36ab2 – 8b3

q. (2x + 3)(2x − 3) 4x2 – 9 l. (x − 1)3 x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1

r. (3x + 2)(3x − 2) 9x2 – 4 m. (a − 4)3 a3 – 12a2 + 48a – 64

s. (x + 7)(x − 5) x2 + 2x – 35 n. (2x − y)3 8x3 – 12 x2y + 6xy2 – y3

t. (x + 3)(x + 2) x2 + 5x + 6 o. (m − n)3 m3 – 3m2n + 3mn2 – n3

36 Solve by simple inspection, without per-
u. (a − 11)(a + 1) a2 – 10a –11
forming operations:
v. (x + 7)(x − 3) x2 + 4x – 21
a. (x + 4)² x2 + 8x + 16
w. (x − 3)(x − 1) x2 – 4x + 4
b. (2m² − 5)² 4m4 – 20m2 + 25
x. (x − 5)(x − 4) x2 – 9x + 20
c. (x − 3y)² x2 – 6xy + 9y2
y. (3a + 9)(3a − 2) 9a2 + 7a – 18
d. (x² − y²)² x⁴ – 2x2y2 + y⁴
z. (5a − 4)(5a + 2) 25a2 – 2a – 8

aa. (7a − 2)(7a − 5) 49a2 – 7a + 10 e. (x − 1)(x + 1) x2 – 1

f. (2x − 1)² 4x⁴ – 4x2 + 1

35 Solve by simple inspection, without per-
forming operations: g. (4a − 5b)(4a + 5b) 16a2 – 25b2

a. (a + 1)3 a3 + 3a2 + 3a + 1 h. (3 − a)(3 + a) 9 – a2

b. (a + 4)3 a3 + 12a2 + 48a + 64 i. (x − 13 )3 x3 – x2 + 1/3x – 1/27

c. (a + 5)3 a3 + 15a2 + 75a + 125
j. (3a − 7)(3a − 5) 9a2 – 36a + 35
d. (5a + 3)3 125a3 + 225a2+135a+27
k. (7a − 2)(7a + 8) 49a2 + 42a –16
e. (3x + 3)3 27x3 + 81x2 + 81x +27
l. (2a²−3)3 8a⁶ – 36a⁴ + 54a2 – 27
f. (a + 2b)3 a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3
37 Solve by simple inspection, without per-
g. (a − 1)3 a3 – 3a2 + 3a – 1
forming operations:
h. (a − 3)3 a3 – 9a2 + 27a – 27
a. (m + 2)2 m2 + 4m + 4
i. (x − 2)3 x3 + 6x2 + 12x – 8
b. (x + 8)2 x2 + 16x + 64

16
 Matemática 9

c. (r − 3)2 r2 – 6r + 9 p. (3x+4y)(3x − 4y) 9x2 – 16y2

d. (z − 5)2 z2 – 10z + 25 q. (6a − p)(6a + p) 36a2 – p2

e. (x + 2y)2 x2 + 4xy + 4y2 r. (5y+3x)(5y − 3x) 25y2 – 9x2

f. (3m − p)2 9m2 – 6mp + p2 38 Expand each product:

g. (5p + 2q)2 25p2 + 20pq + 4q2
a. (3p + 45 q)(2p − 53 q) 6p2 – 17/5 pq – 4/3 q2
h. (8a − 3b)2 64a2 – 48ab + 9b2
b. (−x + 23 y)(3x − 43 y) –3x2+11/4 xy–1/2 y2
i. (4a + 5b)2 16a2 + 40ab + 25b2
c. (2z − 52 x)² 4z2 –10xz + 25/4 x2
j. (9y + z)2 81y2 + 18yz + z2
d. (6a − 32b)² 36a2–18ab + 9/4b2
k. (0.85r + 0.23s)2 0.7225r2–0.391rs+0.0529s2
e. (2x − 3y)² 4x2 –12xy + 9y2
l. (0.67m − 0.17k) 2

f. (m − 5q)² m2– 10mq + 25q2

0.4489m2 – 0.2278mk + 0.0289k2
g. (2m − 53 )(2m + 53 ) 4m2 – 25/9
m. (a+8)(a − 8) a2 – 64
h. (3a − 45 )(3a + 45 ) 9a2 – 16/25
n. (k + 5)(k − 5) k2 – 25
i. (7y² + 10z)(7y² − 10z) 49y⁴ – 100z2
o. (2 + p)( 2 −p) 4 – p2
j. (6x + 5y²)(6x − 5y²) 36x2 – 25y⁴ D

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 10

39 Divide: e. 8p² 4p
a. 4x2 2x 2p

2x f. m7 m⁴
b. 8m⁷ 4m6 m3
2m g. −10p⁴ –5p
c. 10a3 2a2 2p3
5a h. −8z⁵ – 4
d. 9y4 3y3 10z7 5z2
3y i. 20k3 2
50k5 5k2

17
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

j. 36p⁸ 9p⁵ d. 6m5 − 4m3 + 2m2

4p3 6m⁵ – 4m3 + 2m2

2m 2m 2m
k. 18x⁵y⁶ 6x3 y⁴
3x²y² = 3m⁴ – 2m2 + m

l. −15m3p² –3m2 e. 8m5 − 4m3 + 4m²
5mp4 p2 8m⁵ – 4m3 + 4m2

m. 81y⁴ 27y3 2m 2m 2m
3y = 4m⁴ – 2m2 + 2m

n. 16p² 2p f. 8m3 − 4m² + 6m

8p 8m3 – 4m2 + 6m

o. 15m⁷ 3m⁴ 2m 2m 2m
5m3 = 4m2 – 2m + 3

p. −144p⁴ –12
g. 2m5 − 4m² + 8m
12p8 p⁴
2m⁵ – 4m2 + 8m
q. 16z⁵ 4z3 2m 2m 2m
12z2 3 = m⁴ – 2m + 4

r. 100k3 4
25k9 k⁶ h. m5 + m3 + m

s. 27k⁴m⁵ 9k3 m⁵ – m3 + m

3km6 m 2m 2m 2m

t. −32a⁴b⁵ – 8b⁴ = 1/2m⁴ – 1/2m2 + 1/2
4a5b a

u. 12x⁷y⁸ 2x2y⁵ i. 2m6 − 2m4 + 5m2

6x5y3 2m⁶ – 2m4 + 5m2

40 Divide each polynomial by 2m: 2m 2m 2m

a. 60m4 − 20m2 = m⁵ – 1/2m2 + 1/2

60m⁴ – 20m2 = 30m3 – 10m 41 Divide each polynomial by −5q:
2m 2m
b. 120m6 − 60m3 + 80m2 a. 5q 5q = –1
120m⁶ – 60m3 + 80m2 –5q

2m 2m 2m
= 60m⁵ – 30m2 + 40m b. −30q4 + 15q3 − 10q

c. 10m5 − 16m2 + 8m3 −30q4 + 15q3 – 10q

10m⁵ – 16m2 + 8m3 –5q –5q –5q

2m 2m 2m = 6q3 – 3q2 + 2
= 5m⁴ – 15m + 4m2

18
 Matemática 9

c. 25q3 − 10q² + 5q k. 120q6 − 60q3 + 80q2

120q6 – 60q3 + 80q2

25q3 – 10q2 + 5q
–5q –5q –5q
–5q –5q –5q
= –24q5 + 12q2 – 16q
= –5q2 + 2q – 1
l. 10q5 − 16q2 + 8q3
d. 15q6 − 30q4 + 5q² − q
10q5 – 16q2 + 8q3
15q6 – 30q4 + 5q2 – q
–5q –5q –5q
–5q –5q –5q –5q
= –2q4 + 16/5q – 8/5q2 = –2q4 – 8/5q2 + 16/5q
= –3q5 + 6q3 – q + 1/5

e. −40q5 + 35q3 − 20q2

42 Divide each polynomial by 3x²:
–40q5 + 35q3 – 20q2
–5q –5q –5q a. 3x4 + 9x3
= 8q4 – 7q2 + 4q 3x4 + 9x3 = x2 + 3x
3x2 3x2
f. q5 − 10q3 + 8q²
b. 15x² − 9x3
q5 – 10q3 + 8q2
–5q –5q –5q 15x2 – 9x3 = 5 – 3x
3x2 3x2
= –1/5q4 + 2q2 – 8/5q

g. 3q4 + 5q² − 6q c. 12x4 + 3x2 − 3x3

12x4 + 3x2 – 3x3 = 4x2 + 1 – x = 4x2 – x+1

3q4 + 5q2 – 6q 3x2 3x2 3x2
–5q –5q –5q
= –3/5q3 – q + 6/5q d. 45x3 +15x² − 9x5

h. q3 + q² − 9q + 1 45x3 +15x2– 9x5 =15x+5–3x3= –3x3+15x+5

3x2 3x2 3x2
q3 + q2 – 9q – 1
–5q –5q –5q –5q e. 36x3 + 24x² + 3x4
= –1/5q2 – 1/5q + 9/5 + 1 36x3 +24x2+ 3x4 =12x+8+3x2 = 3x2 +12x+8
5q 3x2 3x2 3x2
i. 5q3 − 3q2 + 2q − 7
f. 4x4 − 3x3 + 2x2
5q3 – 3q2 + 2q – 7
–5q –5q –5q –5q 4x4 – 3x3 + 2x2 = 4/3x2 – x + 2/3
3x2 3x2 3x2
= –q2 + 3/5q – 2/5 + 7
5q
g. x3 + 6x² − x
j. 3q5 − 2q4 + 10q²
x3 + 6x2 – x = 1/3x + 2 – 1
3q5 – 2q4 + 10q2 3x2 3x2 3x2 3x
–5q –5q –5q
= –3/5q4 + 2/5 q3 – 2q

19
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

h. 3x² 3x2 =1 e. 20a4 − 15a5 +25a3 ÷ 15a4

3x2 20a4 – 15a5 + 25a3

15a4 15a4 15a4
i. −3x4 + 6x5 + 2x3 + 9x²
= – a + 4/3 + 5
–3x4 + 6x5 + 2x3 + 9x2 3a
3x2 3x2 3x2 3x2
= –x2 + 2x3 + 2/3x + 3 = 2x3 –x2 + 2/3x + 3 f. 120x11−60x10 + 140x9 ÷ 10x12

j. 6x4 6x4 = 2x2 120x11 – 60x10 + 140x9

3x2 10x12 10x12 10x12
= 12 – 6 + 14
k. 120x6 − 60x3 x x2 x3
120x6 60x3
– = 40x⁴ – 20x
3x2 3x2 44 Perform the operations indicated:

l. 12x5 − 15x2 a. Evaluate 5y + 6 when y = 2

2
12x5 15x2
– = 4x3 – 5
3x2 3x2 5y + 6 = 5(2) + 6 = 10 + 6 = 16 = 8
2 2 2 2
43 Divide:
b. Evaluate 5y + 3 when y = 2
a. 8k4 − 12k3 − 2k² + 7k − 3 ÷ 2k
8k4 – 12k3 – 2k2 + 7k – 3 5(2) + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13

2k 2k 2k 2k 2k
c. Is 5y + 6 = 5y + 3 ?
= 4k3 – 6k2 – k + 7/2 – 3 2
2k
5y + 6 = 5y + 6 = 5/2y + 3 ; NO.
b. 27r4 − 36r3 − 6r² + 26r − 2 ÷ 3r 2 2 2
27r4 – 36r3 – 6r2 + 26r – 2
45 Perform the operations indicated:
3r 3r 3r 3r 3r
= 9r3 – 12r2 – 2r + 26/3 – 2 a. Evaluate 10r + 7 when r = 1
3r 5
c. 100p5 − 50p4 + 30p3 ÷ −10p² 10r + 7 = 10(1)+7 = 17
5 5 5
100p5 – 50p4 + 30p3
–10p2 –10p2 –10p2
= –10p3 + 5p2 – 3p b. Evaluate 2r + 7 when r = 1

d. 6y5 − 8y² + 12y ÷ 4y² 2(1) + 7 = 2 + 7= 9

6y5 – 8y2 + 12y c. Is 10r + 7 = 2r + 7 ?

5
4y2 4y2 4y2
= 3/2y3 – 2 + 3 10r + 7 = 10r + 7 = 2r + 7/5 ; NO.
y
5 5 5

20
 Matemática 9

46 Solve: 10x⁵ + 15x⁴ +40x3 = 2x2 + 3x + 8

a. What polynomial when divided by 3x², 5x3
has as quotient 4x3 + 3x² − 4x + 2? f. A vehicle travels 3d3 + 27d² + 15d miles in
Polynomial = 4x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 2 3d hours. Find the speed.
3x2 speed = distance ÷ time
Polynomial = (4x3 + 3x2 – 4x + 2)(3x2) speed = 3d3 + 27d2 + 15d
Polynomial = 12x5 + 9x4 – 12x3 + 6x2 3d

b. What polynomial when divided by 4m3, 3d3 + 27d2 + 15d = d2 + 9d + 5 mi/h

has as quotient −6m² + 4m?
Polynomial = –6m2 + 4m
4m3
Polynomial = (–6m2 + 4m)(4m3)
Polynomial = –24m5 + 16m4
c. The quotient of certain polynomial and
−7y² is 9y²+ 3y + 5 − 2/y, find the polyno-
mial.
Polynomial = 9y²+ 3y + 5 − 2/y
–7y2
3d
g. The volume of a box is 60x4 +70x3 − 30x². Its
length is given by 2x² and its width by 5x.
Find the height.
volume = length × width × height
height = volume ÷ (length × width)
height = 60x⁴ + 70x3 –30x2
(2x2)(5x)
height = 60x⁴ + 70x3 –30x2
10x3

Polynomial = (9y²+ 3y + 5 − 2/y)(–7y2) 60x⁴ + 70x3 –30x2 = 6x2 + 7 – 3

Polynomial = –63y4 – 21y3 – 35y2 + 14y 10x3 x

d. The quotient of certain polynomial

and a is 2a² + 3a + 5, find the poly-
nomial.
Polynomial = 2a²+ 3a + 5
a
Polynomial = (2a²+ 3a + 5)(a)
Polynomial = 2a3 + 3a2 + 5a

e. The rectangular area of a building is

10x5 + 15x4 +40x3. The width is 5x3 . Find
the length.
area = length × width
width = area ÷ width
length = 10x⁵ + 15x⁴ +40x3
5x3

21
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

SUGGESTED ACTIVITY # 11

47 Solve:
e. p² + 2p − 24 = p – 4
(Note that each polynomial is written in
p+6
descending form).
a. x² − x − 6 = x + 2
x−3

f. x² +11x + 16 = (x + 3)(x+8) + (–8)

x+8

b. m² − 2m − 24 = m – 6
m+4

g. r² − 8r + 15 = r – 5
r−3

c. 2y² + 9y − 35 = 2y – 5
y+7

h. t² − 3t − 10 = t + 2
t−5

d. y² + 2y + 1 = y + 1
y+1

22
 Matemática 9

i. 12m² − 20m + 3 = 6m – 1 o. 14k² + 19k − 30 = (2k + 5)(7k – 8) + 10

2m − 3 7k − 8

j. 9w² + 6w − 8 = 3w + 4
3w − 2 p. 15m² + 34m + 28 = (3m + 5)(5m + 3) + 13
5m + 3

k. 2x² + 3 = x – 2
2x + 4
q. 2x³ − x² + 3x + 2 = x2 – x + 2
2x + 1

l. 4m² + 5 = (2m + 6)(2m – 6) + 41

2m − 6
r. 12r³−11r²+ 9r + 18 = 3r2 – 5r + 6
4r + 3

m. 12r² − 17r − 5 = 4r + 1
3r − 5
s. 8k⁴−12k³−2k²+7k−6 = 4k3 – k + 2
2k − 3
4k3 – k +2
2k –3 | 8k⁴ – 12k3 – 2k2 + 7k – 6
–8k4 + 12k3
– 2k2 + 7k – 6
2k2 – 3k
n. 15y² + 11y − 60 = (5y – 8)(3y + 7) + (–4) 4k – 6
–4k + 6
3y + 7 0
t. 3y³ + y² + 4y + 1 = (3y2 – 2y + 6) (y + 1) + (–5)
y+1

23
 Unidad 1 Polinomios

u. 27r⁴−36r³−6r²+26r −24 = 9r3 – 2r + 6 z. 6r⁴−11r³−r² +16r−8

3r − 4 2r − 3
9r3 – 2r + 6
3r – 4 | 27r⁴ – 36r3 – 6r2 + 26r – 24
–27r⁴ + 36r3 = (3r3 – r2 – 2r + 5)(2r – 3) + 7
–6r2 + 26r – 24 3r3 – r2 – 2r + 5
6r2 – 8r 2r – 3 | 6r⁴ – 11r3 – r2 + 16r – 8
18r – 24 –6r⁴ + 9r3
–18r + 24 – 2r3 – r2 + 16r – 8
0 2r3 – 3r2
–4r2 + 16r – 8
4r2 – 6r
v. 2r³−5r² − 6r + 15 = (2r2 + r – 3)(r – 3) + 6 10r – 8
r−3 –10r +15
7

48 Divide:
a. −6x − x² + x⁴ = (x2 + 1)(x2–2)+(–6x+2)
x² − 2
x2 + 1
x2 + 0x – 2 | x⁴ + 0x3 – x2 – 6x + 0
–x⁴ + 0x3+2x2
w. 3k³−4k²−6k+10 = (3k2 + 2k – 2)(k – 2) + 6 x2– 6x + 0
–x2+ 0x + 2
k − 2 –6x + 2

b. 5 − 2r² + r⁴ = (r2 – 1)(r2–1) + 4

r² − 1
r2 – 1
r2 + 0r – 1 | r⁴ + 0r3 – 2r2 + 0r + 5
–r⁴ + 0r3 + r2
– r2 + 0r + 5
x. 5z³ − z² + 10z + 2 = (5z2–11z+32)(z+2) –62 r2 + 0r – 1
z+2 4

c. y³ + 1 = y2 – y + 1
y+1
y2 – y + 1
y + 1 | y3 + 0y2 + 0y +1
–y3 – y2
– y2 + 0y +1
y2 + y
y +1
–y – 1
y. 6p⁴−16p³+15p²−5p+10 0
3p + 1
=(2p3–6p2+7p–4)(3p+1) +15 d. x⁴ −1 = x2 + 1
2p3 – 6p2 + 7p – 4 x² − 1
3p + 1 | 6p⁴– 16p3 +15p2 – 5p + 10
–6p⁴ – 2p3 x2 + 1
–18p3 + 15p2 – 5p + 10 x2 + 0x – 1 | x⁴ + 0x3 + 0x2 + 0x – 1
18p3 + 6p2 –x⁴ + 0x3 + x2
21p2 – 5p + 10 x2 + 0x – 1
–21p2 – 7p –x2 + 0x + 1
–12p + 10 0
12p + 4
15

24
 Matemática 9

e. a⁴ − 1 = a2 – 1 k. 6x⁴− x³ + x² + 2x⁵ + 5 + x
a² + 1 2x² + 2x + 1
a2 – 1
a2 + 1 | a⁴ + 0a3 + 0a2 + 0a – 1
= (x3+2x2–3x+5/2 )(2x² + 2x + 1) + (–x + 5/2)
–a⁴ + 0a3 – a2 x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 5/2
– a2 + 0a – 1 2x2 + 2x + 1 | 2x⁵ + 6x⁴ – x3 + x2 + x + 5
a2 + 0a + 1 –2x⁵ – 2x⁴ – x3
0 4x⁴ – 2x3 + x2
–4x⁴ – 4x3 – 2x2
f. p⁵ − 2 = (p3 + p)(p2 – 1) + (p+1) – 6x3 – x2 + x
6x3 + 6x2 + 3x
p² − 1 5x2 + 4x + 5
–5x2 – 5x – 5/2
p3 + p – x + 5/2
p2 – 1 | p5 + 0p⁴ + 0p3 + 0p2 + 0p + 1
–p⁵ + 0p⁴ + p3 l. 4m⁴ − 3m³ + m² − m
p3 + 0p2 + 0p + 1 4m² + 3
–p3 + 0p2 + p
p +1 = (m2 – 3/4m – 1/2)(4m² + 3)+ (5/4m + 3/2)
m2 – 3/4m – 1/2
4m2 + 0m + 3 | 4m4 – 3m3 + m2 – m
g. 2y² − 5y − 3 = (y – 9/2)(2y + 4) + 15 –4m3 + 0m3 – 3m2
2y + 4 – 3m3 – 2m2 – m
y – 9/2 3m3 + 0m2 – 9/4 m
2y + 4 | 2y2 – 5y – 3 – 2m2 + 5/4m
–2y2 – 4y 2m2 + 0m + 3/2
– 9y – 3 5/4 m+3/2
9y + 18
15
m. 6p⁵+ 4p⁴ − p³+ 3p+2
h. 3a² − 11a + 16 = (3/2a – 10)(2a+6) + 76 3p3 + 2p
2a + 6 = (2p2 + 4/3 p – 5/3)(3p3 + 2p)+ (-8/3p2 + 19/3p + 2)
3/2a – 10
2p2 + 4/3p – 5/3
2a + 6 | 3a2 – 11a + 16
3p3 + 0p2 + 2p | 6p⁵ + 4p⁴ – p3 + 0p2 + 3p + 2
–3a2 – 9a
–6p⁵ + 0p⁴ – 4p3
– 20a + 16
4p⁴ – 5p3 + 0p2
20a + 60
–4p⁴ + 0p3 – 8/3p2
76
– 5p3 – 8/3p2 + 3p + 2
5p3 + 0p2 + 10/3p
i. 9w² + 5w + 10 = (3w + 11/3)(3w – 2) + 52/3 – 8/3 p2+ 19/3p + 2
3w − 2
3w + 11/3
3w – 2 | 9w2 + 5w + 10
–9w2 + 6w n. 2x⁵ + 6x⁴− x³−x²+5
11w + 10
–11w + 22/3 2x² + 2x + 1
52/3 = (x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 3/2)(2x² + 2x + 1) + 7/2
x3 + 2x2 – 3x + 3/2
2x2 + 2x + 1 | 2x⁵ + 6x⁴ – x3 – x2 + 0x +5
j. −m³−9m⁴−22m²+ m⁵−5 –2x⁵ – 2x⁴ – x3
4m² − m − 3 4x⁴ – 2x3 – x2
–4x⁴ – 4x3 – 2x2
= (1/4m3 – 35/16 m2 – 39/64 m – 1867/256)(4m² − m − 3) – 6x3 – 3x2 + 0x +5
6x3 + 6x2 + 3x
+ (–2335/256 m – 6881/256) 3x2 + 3x +5
1/4 m3 – 35/16m2 – 39/64 m – 1867/256 –3x2 – 3x – 3/2
4m2 – m – 3 | m⁵ – 9m⁴ – m3 – 22m2 + 0m – 5 7/2
–m⁵ + 1/4m⁴ + 3/4 m3
– 35/4m⁴ – 1 /4m3 – 22m2 + 0m – 5
35/4m⁴ – 35/16 m3 – 105/16m2
–39/16m3 – 457/16 m2 + 0m
39/16m3 – 39/64 m2 – 117/64 m
–1867/64m2 – 117/64 m – 5
1867/64m2 –1867/256 m – 5601/256
–2335/256 m–6881/256

25
 Answers

193