Psych Educ, Document ID: PEMJ0, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.

6728183, ISSN 2822-4353

Research Article

Impact of Parenting Styles to the Spending Behaviors of Senior High School Students at
Western Philippines University-Agricultural Science High School, Aborlan, Palawan

Michelle N. Enano*, Liz Aira S. Cruz, Sotico C. Santillan

For affiliations and correspondence, see the last page.

Abstract
Spending behavior of an individual especially younger generations tend to be alarming as studies
revealed that they will cover large amount of consumer spending this year. Those youths may not
lead to financial problems on their adulthood if they know how to manage their money wisely. The
parents’ or guardians’ role on teaching financial management to their children is vital. This study
focused on the impact of parenting styles to the spending behaviors of senior high school students at
Agricultural Science High School of the Western Philippines University, Aborlan, Palawan and to
determine if there is a significant relationship between parenting styles of the respondents’ parents
and spending behaviors of the respondents. This study used a descriptive-correlational research,
survey-questionnaire, descriptive statistics and Chi-Square Test. There were 168 that served as the
respondents of the study. Majority were female, 18 years old, Roman Catholic and whose parents
were college graduate, Tagbanua and not struggling financially. Half of the respondents’ parents
employ authoritative parenting style; some has neglectful and permissive parent but only few of them
has an authoritarian parent. Most of the respondents were essentialist spenders which means that they
have better financial management skills. The parenting styles of the respondents’ parents does not
directly influence the respondents’ spending behaviors. It is recommended that a symposium about
financial management should be conducted so that students can have a chance to improve their
financial management skills. A comparative study on how junior high school students spend money
as compared to senior high school students was also recommended.
Keywords: Parenting Styles, Senior High School Students, Agricultural Science High School,
Spending Behaviors

Introduction influence of parents is significant because of how

Students who know how to manage their money or
those wise spenders at their adolescent stage will not
be mostly involve in financial problems such as large
debts in their adulthood. Also, those parents who teach
their children on how to save money effectively and
the importance of it by using authority and showing
love at the same time will lead their children in
achieving better financial management skills (Berns,
2007). However, the spending behavior of youth today
is alarming as they continue to buy their unending
wants that may result to different financial problems
(Bona, 2017). Spending behavior is vital because it
serves as first step in understanding the buying and
spending patterns of consumers since different factors
are linked to it (Juneja, 2017).
Parenting style is the constellation of attitudes or a
pattern of parental authority towards the child which
are conveyed to the child, creating the emotional
context for the expression of parent behavior and
development of their child’s behavior (Michalos,
2014). Furthermore, family members and social status
served as a major influence on someone’s shopping
patterns and consumer habits. Families and parenting
style influence purchases in many ways. At first, the
Michelle Enano
parents help their children to develop political and
religious beliefs, lifestyle choices, and consumer
preferences. Most people are who they are because of
their parents. Secondly, one’s purchasing habits and
consumer behavior depends on which social class he
or she belongs (Lumen Learning, 2018). Relatively,
Mass Live Media Marketing (2018) revealed that
younger generations by year 2020 will cover almost
40% of consumer spending and will also serve as a
huge effect on consumerism. Therefore, this study
aims to determine the impact of parenting style of
respondents’ parents, spending behavior of the
respondents and the significant relationship between
parenting styles of respondents’ parents and spending
behavior of respondents.
The results of this study will be useful to the school
administrators, teachers and parents since they can
help the students to have better financial skills.
Specifically, the identified problem in this study will
lead school administrators to conduct symposiums
about financial management or even hire financial aid
counselor that will teach students on how to spend
wisely.
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Psych Educ, Document ID: PEMJ0, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6728183, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article
Methodology
This study was conducted to 168 senior high school
students of Western Philippines University-
Agricultural Science High School, in San Juan,
Aborlan, Palawan who are enrolled during the School
Year 2019-2020 from January to April, 2020.
Descriptive–correlational research using self-made
survey questionnaire was employed. Descriptive
method was employed to determine the parenting
styles of respondents’ parents, and the spending
behaviors of the respondents. On the other hand,
correlational research was utilized to assessed the
relationship between parenting styles of respondents’
parents and the spending behaviors of the respondents.
According to McCombes (2019), descriptive research
systematically describes a population, situation or
phenomenon, while correlational researches measures
two variables, understands and assess the statistical
relationship between them (Bhat, 2018).
The self-made questionnaire that contained questions
in determining the parenting style of respondents’
parents and the spending behavior of the respondents
was presented to the research committee and subjected
to the validation by the statistician in order to fit the
objectives. Upon the approval, the researchers
administered the survey questionnaire to the identified
respondents. The researchers gave instructions to the
respondents and assisted them in answering the
questionnaire by giving clarifications and ample time.
The gathered data were then tallied, tabulated and
collated and were subjected to descriptive statistics
such as frequency counts, mean, and percentages.
While inferential statistics particularly the Chi-Square
Test was used to determine if there is a significant
relationship between parenting styles of respondents’
parents and the spending behavior of the respondents.
According to Statistics Solutions (2020), Chi-square
test is commonly utilized when testing relationships
that exists on the categorical variables in the
population.
Results and Discussion
Parenting Styles of the Respondents’ Parents
Table 1 presents the parenting styles of the
respondents’ parents which were categorized into four
types: permissive, authoritative, authoritarian and
neglectful. Evidently, the data revealed that half (50%)
of the respondents’ parents employ authoritative
Michelle Enano
parenting style. It was followed by those parents who
practice neglectful parenting style (20.83%) and
permissive parenting style (19.05%). While, only few
(10.12%) are employing authoritarian parenting. As
presented, most of the respondents were raised in
authoritative homes while least number has
authoritarian parents which means that the behaviors
of respondents whose parents is authoritative differs to
those who have an authoritarian parent. These findings
conformed to the study of Rosenthal (2009) which
explained that authoritative parents seek a balance
between the teens’ desire for independence and the
parents’ desire to be listened to which lead their
children to be socially responsible, self-regulated and
cooperative. While, authoritarian parents are very
strict, have a strong sense of justice and always seek
obedience. For that instances, children of authoritarian
parents tend to be timid, lack of spontaneity, has lower
self-esteem and rely to unusual degree on the voice of
authority with lower degree of independence. Also, the
findings indicate that some of the respondents’ parents
employs neglectful and permissive parenting which
conforms to Diana Baumrind’s Theory which states
that there are four parenting styles which includes:
authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglectful.
Table 1. Parenting styles of the respondents’ parents
Spending Behaviors of the Respondents
Table 2 shows the spending behaviors of the
respondents which were categorized into four types:
essentialist, emotional, extravagant and egoistic.
Evidently, the data revealed that 86.31% of the
respondents were essentialist spenders. It was followed
by the emotional spenders (10.12%) and extravagant
spenders (2.38%). While, there were only 1.19% of the
respondents who were egoistic spenders. As presented,
most of the respondents were essentialist spenders
which means that they commonly spent money to buy
things that they really need that makes them a wise
spender. Also, the data revealed that most of the
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 Psych Educ, Document ID: PEMJ0, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6728183, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article
respondents assess the consequences first before
buying anything and do not let their emotions, ego and
popularity to affect the way they spend money. The
result strengthens the findings of Genilla (2019)
stating that essentialist spenders are those individuals
who live with the basics since they prioritize their
needs which allow them to spend less and save more.
Table 2. Spending behavior of the respondents
Relationship between parenting styles of
respondents’ parents and spending behaviors of the
respondents
Table 3 presents the relationship between parenting
styles of respondents’ parents and spending behaviors
of the respondents. As shown, result revealed that a p-
value of 0.153 is less than the 0.05 level of
significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis that “there
is no significant relationship between parenting styles
of respondents’ parents and spending behaviors of
respondents” is accepted. This implies that parenting
styles of respondents’ parents does not directly
influence the respondents’ spending behaviors.
Similarly, Aguila (2019) concludes that there was no
single distinct parenting style that parents perceived
they were using and that students experienced but
assures that parents really differed among themselves
on whom and how they patterned their parenting style.
Also, such result strengthens the suggestion of the
study of Howard (2018) that one’s lifestyle is still one
of the major factors that affects the spending patterns
of an individual.
Table 3. Relationship between parenting styles of respondents’
parents and spending behaviors of the respondents
Michelle Enano
Conclusion
Based on the significant findings of the study, the
following conclusions were drawn:
1. The respondents’ parents have different
perceptions and sources of knowledge on what is the
most-effective child-rearing that will make their
children be a better spenders since most of them were
mostly college graduates while some were only able to
reach high school and elementary levels.
2. Most of the respondents’ parents employ an
authoritative parenting style and very few of the
respondents have an authoritarian parent.
3. Some parents tend to be permissive and neglectful
parents to their children.
4. Among the four spending behaviors, most of the
respondents were essentialist spenders which means
that they have financial management skills.
5. Finally, the parenting styles of the respondents’
parents do not directly influence the respondents’
spending behaviors.
Recommendations
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the
following recommendations were drawn:
For the Campus Administrator
1. If possible, hire a financial aid counselor that
will teach students not only to senior high
school students but also to those students in
junior high and elementary level.
2. If available, offer trainings and seminars
regarding financial management mostly to
those who teach lesson about economics and
business management.
For the ASHS Administration
1. Conduct or organize a symposium about
financial management so that students can have
a chance to im prove their f inanci al
m anagem ent skills.
2. Establish and maintain close relationship and
camaraderie with the administrators, teachers,
parents and students.
For the Senior High School Students
1. If you are a wise spender, maintain that
spending behavior and even improve that upon
entering adulthood. While, if not, start having
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Research Article

realizations and learned from that in order to 2020.

avoid financial problems. Anonas,A.B. (2015). Filipino millennials bare reasons, ways of
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For Future Researcher
Bona, J.T. (2017). Spending behavior among college students.
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1. Similar research study to be conducted in other http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/636367905598414204.pdf accessed on
universities with larger number of respondents January 17, 2020.
and then compare the results.
Butler, S. (2017). Age matters: how generation influences spending
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to senior high school students. mers-in-2018-demographics-and-spending-habits/ accessed on
3. Lastly, conduct a similar study using the socio- March 03, 2020.
demographic profile of the respondents and
Danes S. (2010). Teaching Children Money Habits for Life. https://
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spending habits.
Dayrit, F. (2019). 5 Reasons Why Pinoys overspend. Retrieved from
Acknowledgment https://tycoon.ph/reasons-pinoys-overspend/accessed on January 14,
2020.

The authors would like to thanks specially the Dobronte, A. (2013). The importance of socio-demographics in
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Western Philippines University-Agricultural Science Genilla, J. (2019). There are 7 Types of spenders: What Type Are
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Corresponding: Michelle N. Enano
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