Nuestra Señora De Guia Academy of Marikina

14 Washington St., Greenland Subd., Nangka, Marikina City

"The Effectiveness of Using a Wallet Equipped with a Global

Positioning System in Providing an Item and Owner's Security for the

Residents of Nangka and Parang, Marikina City"

________________

A Research Presented to the

Faculty of the Nuestra Señora De Guia Academy

of Marikina

________________

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for

Research in Daily Life 2

________________

By:

Alcantara, Alexis Jambalos

Cantuba, Claudinezel Barretto

Cayme, Jamielyn Negru

Dacuya, Marian Egana

Del Rosario, Marrineth Dela Cruz

Delos Santos, Jannah Alyssa Francisco

 Domingo, Nympha Mobles

Nalmo, Genesis Buban

Santos, James Cedrick Tropico

Urbien, Harold Aquino

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction……………………………………………………… (page 3)

Background of the study……………………………………… (page 4)

Review of Related Literature………………………………… (pages 5-13)

Theoretical Framework………………………………………… (pages 13-14)

Conceptual Framework………………………………………… (page 15)

Statement of the Problem……………………………………… (page 16)

Hypothesis of the Study………………………………………… (page 16)

Significance of the Study………………………………………. (page 17)

Scope and Limitations………………………………………… (page 17)

Definition of Terms……………………………………………… (pages 18-19)

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 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Many individuals nowadays are quite careless about their personal

belongings, especially when they are in public settings such as parks, malls,

schools, offices, and other public places, which can lead to the loss of important

belongings and a lot of frustration. According to a survey conducted by

MoneyTips in November 2018, "62% of the participants had their wallets lost or

stolen. More than 1 in 3 had suffered both from wallet loss and theft, while 36%

of those admitting to misplacing their wallet did so repeatedly. Moreover, losing a

wallet can be a stressful experience, as it contains important cards and

documents that we rely on for everyday life. In some instances, people have

been reported as missing or untraceable. In order to find ways to improve items

that will benefit and be essential to people, the researchers studied the things

that regular people always use that could turn into a product. The researchers

use this information to design a 2-in-1 product with a GPS that can help many

people carry only one product. As a result, the purpose of this study is to

ascertain the effectiveness of using a wallet equipped with a Global Positioning

System and also to determine whether there are significant differences in the

assessments of the respondents regarding the security of the item and the owner.

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Background of the study

As the researchers discovered the new approach to security in terms of

items and lives, using the Global Positioning System remained one of the top

options for safety. The idea is that current issues arise when residents continue

to lose their personal items and risk their lives.

The Global Positioning System, according to Avinash Pandey (2022), is a

device that sends down signals containing location information, which is collected

by any Navigation device on the ground.

According to Silva Consultants (2023), it will be used in three ways: asset

trackers, vehicle trackers, and personal trackers.

In general, high-quality GPS trackers with strong signal strength and

reliable network connections can provide very accurate and up-to-date location

data. GPS trackers can be very effective in tracking the location of people,

vehicles, or other assets. It has advanced significantly in recent years, and

modern GPS trackers can provide real-time location data with high accuracy. For

Personal Safety GPS trackers can be worn by individuals for safety and security

purposes, such as tracking the location of children, elderly family members, or

individuals with cognitive disabilities.

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Review of Related Literature

A wallet is a private and personal thing that contains belongings and is

normally kept hidden. Numerous studies have shown that a wallet is one of the

most personal things that is usually lost, misplaced, and even stolen. It's a

terrible feeling to lose your wallet. Valuable items within the wallet may be difficult

to retrieve or replace. There is a highly effective approach to track and monitor

the location of one's wallet at all times, and that is using GPS for long-distance

communication. It is very simple for people to monitor and locate lost wallets. It

only requires internet connectivity on any device, and it does not limit itself to any

device since it is not a based on applications device, but online-data based.

(Dhakshyani R. et.al., 2020, p. 1301)

The majority forgets where they put their wallet or becomes a victim of

theft. Considering today's generation is technologically advanced, a wallet with

GPS is possible. It is simple to navigate due to everyone being technologically

skilled. When you lose your wallet, you lose more than just your money; you may

also lose your credit/debit card, government ID, or jewelry. As a solution to this

problem, a wallet is recommended to develop. Azat Tovmasyan has had this

idea for the past two years. It is carried out in Armenian, and the main purpose is

to ensure safety.The researchers are interested in this topic since wallets are

crucial to us. Priority must be given to the safety of the individual and personal

items. (Patil A., et.al. 2020).

According to the findings of the study of Yì Y., (2012). The wallet with GPS

is made up of wallets, GPS, Controls Buttons, and a hidden power supply. The

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GPS device is concealed within the wallet. After losing the wallet, the user can

utilize GPS to locate missing items. When a user carries a wallet with them,

satellite tracking of personal locations can be accomplished using GPS, ensuring

the user's safety more effectively. A GPS-enabled wallet is beneficial to everyone,

not just in locating a misplaced wallet. Yet, it is also a solution to one of many

difficulties that each individual faces.

According to the findings Lekan, A. J. (2011). The Global Positioning

System (GPS) is increasingly being adopted by private and public enterprises to

track and monitor humans for location-based services (LBS). One of the

technologies that is expanding the fastest globally is the GPS tracking system. In

order to address some of their inherent security issues, the majority of wealthy

nations have concentrated on GPS systems. A location-based service (LBS) is

an information or entertainment service, accessible with mobile devices through

the mobile network and utilizing the ability to make use of the geographical

position of the mobile device. LBS include services to locate a person or thing,

such as finding the closest financial cash machine or a friend's or employee's

location. Any GPS receiver can compute its position, time, and speed using GPS.

According to a lot of research, wallets are among the most frequently

misplaced and stolen goods. As a result of this issue, there is a need to establish

a technique to trace a lost wallet. To implement this product, GPS will be placed

on the wallet to provide real-time location updates. In this regard, We plan to

develop a solution to help track and locate the wallet. Throughout the

smartphone application, we may view and track the wallet. The suggested wallet

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allows for real-time tracking and monitoring of the wallet's position within a

specific range. (Hgd Chamika et.al. 2022).

According to “GPS BASED TRAVEL TIME AND DELAY SURVEY” by

Macababbad J. (2012), travel time and delay studies are used to evaluate traffic

conditions, determine levels of service, and plan for improvements.

Transportation planners and engineers of the Metro Manila Development

Authority (MMDA) still use the manual or stop watch method using a test car in

obtaining travel time. This should be an accurate and cost-effective data

collection technique that will aid in data interpretation through spatial displays.

This paper presents a GPS-based travel time and delay survey and data analysis

methodology. It describes the creation and implementation of a methodological

framework that includes monitoring and assessment. The proposed procedures

comprise GPS unit selection, verification tests, field procedure, data processing

and data management, data analysis and presentation using digital maps, and

part of the examined traffic statistics.

Vishnupriya S. et.al (2022). Children's Wearable Safety Device. Attacks on

children have increased at an alarming rate in recent years, leaving victims in

dangerous situations with little possibility of reaching their relatives. The primary

purpose of this project is to develop a smart wearable gadget for children that

employs advanced technology to keep them safe. As a result, this method is

viewed as sending an SMS to the children's parents or guardians from their

wearable. This invention uses cutting-edge technology to protect the child by

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utilizing a GSM module, ensuring that the child does not feel abandoned while

dealing with such social challenges.

Sharma, N., et.al. (2017). The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

global radio navigation system comprised of a constellation of 24 satellites and

ground stations. GPS uses these "man-made stars" as reference points to

calculate positions accurate to a few meters. In fact, modern GPS systems can

make measurements as accurate as a centimeter! In a way, it's like assigning a

unique address to every square meter on the earth. GPS receivers have been

shrunk to a few integrated circuits and are becoming quite affordable. As a result,

almost anyone can use the technology. GPS is now being integrated into

automobiles, boats, planes, and construction equipment.

The introduction of the Global Positioning System (GPS) provides tracking

equipment with a sense of power and modification, allowing them to pinpoint the

exact location, time, and speed of a person, car, pet, or other object. The unit is

tied to one's assets. Furthermore, the invention of a small, portable, and

inexpensive GPS device or receiver has made a significant difference in modern

life. When it comes to its utility, GPS is useful in practically every field, including

agriculture, military, maritime, automobile, surveying, aviation, and forestry. This

can also be applied to mobile phones through the development of GPS

navigation via internet applications. (Balingasa R. et.al. 2015).

This study by Rio, W. S. (2000) found that using GPS satellite surveys

saves a significant amount of time. The mentioned survey has extremely few

post-survey computations, whereas the usual survey has several. The process

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entails "balancing the survey" the majority of the time. However, because GPS

only the value of the navigator utilized in this survey was of Standard Precision

System (SPS). The horizontal distance should be less exact.

GPS is a global positioning system that consists of three parts: the space

segment, the control segment, and the receivers. These components collaborate

to ensure that precise navigation, timing, and positioning information is

transmitted. A GPS receiver can only function when it is within range of at least

three satellites. Each satellite transmits a signal that is encrypted with its location

at the time of transmission and the date and time of transmission. The receiver

determines the distance of the satellites from it and each other by using the

location of three satellites sending signals to the same receiver and the time

difference between when the signal was transmitted and when it was received.

The receiver can use the fourth satellite to check the accuracy of the information

it receives, eliminating the requirement for an atomic clock. (BasuMallick C.,

2022).

GPS technology started in World War II, when the US and British navies

installed navigation systems based on ground-based radio signals. The Soviet

Union launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite, in 1957. Based on the

Doppler shift of the satellite's radio signals, American scientists were able to

locate its location. This got the researchers thinking about developing a space-

based navigation system. They began developing and testing satellite navigation

technology in the late 1950s, and the U.S. In the 1960s, the Navy installed the

Transit satellite system. In 1973, a group of Pentagon officials decided to develop

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a "defense navigation satellite system," laying the groundwork for the Navstar-

GPS system. Colonel Bradford Parkinson of the United States Air Force is one of

the pioneers of GPS. (Harvey, A., et.al. 2022)

Turning off a smartphone's location does not always prevent this,

according to researchers at Northeastern University in Boston. Side channel

attacks, according to Guevara Noubir, professor and director of Northeastern's

Cybersecurity & Information Assurance Graduate Program, use side information

to infer something that can have an impact on security and privacy. People are

unaware that their device, with access to all of these sensors, has the potential to

be the best spying device. (Schlesinger, J., & Day, A. 2018)

Based on the article by Maddison, R., & Mhurchu, C. N. (2009). To track

population physical activity levels and create efficient treatments, accurate

physical activity monitoring is a requirement. The use of GPS technology has the

potential to enhance how physical activity is measured. With a focus on free-

living physical activity, this paper evaluates the literature that has already been

published on the use of GPS to track human mobility, highlights problems with

GPS use, and makes suggestions for further study. Overall research indicates

that GPS can help us better comprehend physical activity by supplying the

context (place) of the action. When combined with Geographic Information

Systems, GPS can also help us get some understanding of how people interact

with their surroundings. However, no research has demonstrated that using GPS

alone is trustworthy and valid.

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 Since GPS navigation systems first entered the market, customers and

companies have developed creative applications for the technology in daily life.

When we go to unfamiliar places, GPS navigation and tracking systems save us

from getting lost. They also keep an eye on our kids when they are away from

home, track company vehicles, and can even tell us where a philandering partner

is at all times. As a result, we are working to create a GPS tracking gadget to

address the issues raised. Our work consists of the GPS module, which gathers

data from satellites and determines positions before sending them wirelessly

(through GSM) to the user's PC (for navigation systems) or observers (for

tracking systems). (Lahlouh, O. et.al. 2011).

The House Bill 6112 was approved by legislators and it refers to installing

electronic communication gadgets like global positioning systems. The Global

Positioning System (GPS) is a useful and helpful device because it can track

where the users are going. Since the GPS can track where you are it can ensure

the citizens security and safety. GPS trackers were also used on public vehicles

to track their location. (Porcalla, 2017).

The Global Positioning System will not only give security to your car, It can

also give updates to the users of the GPS since it can track your location when

something happens. GPS can help you because it frequently sends updates

about the whereabouts of your vehicle. This device will bring additional security

because if someone stole your things or vehicle if there’s a GPS on it, it can track

where it is and report it so that you can recover it. (Derequito J., 2022).

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 According to Sanchez, H. (2019). Trilateration, a technique used by GPS

tracking, employs satellites to find your device. In-car navigation systems also

employ this technology, although there are several distinctions. For instance, a

navigation system may tell you where you are and guide you in the right way. A

GPS tracker keeps track of the locations you've visited and either transmits the

data as well as the pictures of the locations instantly or stores it for later use.

Which device or vehicle you use to start the GPS is irrelevant. It connects to the

internet using the same technology as your cell phone.

Based on the article of Manila GPS Trackers Philippines. (2019). GPS

works in a straightforward manner. To begin, there are no monthly fees; simply

give the Safety GPS Tracker to the person you want to watch/monitor or

place/hide the tracker within the thing you want to track. The tracker uses GPS

satellites to determine the precise location of the object. The GPS Tracker uses

the SIM (any network) inside to send the object's location through SMS. You then

click the link in the SMS, which opens Google Maps and displays the actual real-

time location on the map (typically to within less than 5 meters). You may simply

trace someone using GPS by following these steps: Insert a SIM card from any

network. , enable GPS Tracker and get real-time location updates on your phone.

In order for a GPS to perform faster, it requires 2 to 3 satellites that

broadcast GPS signals. According to my study, the Philippines has only one GPS

satellite, known as AGILA2. It is unclear whether our country's GPS system is

accurate or not. I suppose it depends on your GPRS receivers/devices. The

Garmin GPS III plus (old model) is said to be accurate in terms of street location.

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The devices mentioned here in the Philippines have the potential to be very

beneficial, but they must first be upgraded so that they are considerably more

dependable and accurate. (Damiles, M., 2011)

Theoretical Framework

The most relevant theory to the aims of this study is the Theory of

Relativity discovered by Albert Einstein in the year 1905, which transformed

cosmology and how humans conceptualized space, time, mass, and energy.

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a commonplace technology that

integrates a variety of phenomena from Einstein's general and special relativity

theories.

Since the location is determined by measuring the time it takes for a signal

to be received, recording time accurately is crucial. In a nutshell, Einstein’s

theory of Special Relativity states that a clock moving relative to an observer will

be slower than a clock that is stationary. The theory of General Relativity then

states that gravity also has an effect on the way time ticks; the stronger the

gravitational field, the slower the clock ticks. Satellites are in orbit around the

earth at 14,000km/hour at approximately 20,000 km above ground. By the theory

of General Relativity, the clocks carried by the satellites would essentially be

running at a faster time to one on Earth (the effect of general relativity due to less

gravity in orbit is greater than the effect of specific relativity induced by higher

movement speed), creating an error of about 38 microseconds per day. When

this effect accumulates over time, the positioning detected by the GPS would be

so off that it would be next to useless.

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 Theory of Relativity

(Einstein,1905)

Special Relativity General Relativity

The key to space, time and motion Gravity’s effect on time is real.

Theory is the idea that motion When compared to clocks that are

Modifies time. Time moves more closer to Earth, where gravity is

Slowly for a moving clock in relation stronger, those that are further

to us. away from the planet run quickly.

GPS clocks that are based on The GPS sattelites are located

Sattelites move apart from us at a 20,000 km above the surface

Rate of 14,00 km per hour, behind of the Earth, where gravity is signi-

Clocks hourly. Special relativity cantly weaker than at sea level.

Affects Earth-based receivers at an Satellite clocks run 45 microseconds

Increasing rate. faster each day because of general

Relativity.

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Conceptual Framework

Item and Owner’s security Nangka and Parang, Marikina

Residents

Wallet Equipped with Global

Positioning System

This conceptual framework presents the model used in conducting the

study. Researchers will gather data about how a wallet equipped with a global

positioning system benefits the residents of Nangka and Parang Marikina in

terms of item and owner’s security.

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Statement of the Problem

General Objective

This paper aims to know the Effectiveness of Using a Wallet Equipped

with a Global Positioning System for an Item and Owner's Security for the

Residents of Nangka and Parang, Marikina City.

Specific Questions

1. What is the effectiveness of using a wallet equipped with a Global

Positioning System in terms of item security?

2. What is the effectiveness of using a wallet equipped with a Global

Positioning System in terms of owner’s security?

3. Is there significant differences between the evaluation of both respondents

in terms of item and owner’s security?

Hypothesis of the Study

There are no significant differences between the evaluation of both

respondents in terms of item and owner’s security.

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Significance of the Study

This study was conducted in order to provide data and knowledge about

the Global Positioning System (GPS). The study's findings will benefit society as

they aim to provide answers on how the wallet with GPS will help to prevent it

from being lost and to detect the owner's location.

For consumers:

This study will aid consumers as this wallet stores all of the consumers' personal

belongings and provides security by allowing users to monitor and track their

location.

For researchers:

This research would benefit future researchers in being aware of and informed

about the Global Positioning System. It would help them in becoming better

analyzers and could serve as a reference purposes for these kinds of studies in

the future.

Scope and Limitations

The study will be focused on the effectiveness of using a Wallet Equipped

with a Global Positioning System. The selected subjects of this study are the

residents of Nangka and Parang, Marikina City both male or female, aged 18 and

above. The target respondents of this study are a minimum of one hundred that

are living in Nangka and Parang, Marikina City.

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Definition of Terms

The following are further defined either operationally or conceptually.

Clock Moving - To advance the time on one's clock(s) ahead by one hour to

account for the beginning of daylight saving time. (Idioms and phrases. (n.d.).

Conceptualized - to form an idea or principle in your mind. (Cambridge

Dictionary, 2023)

Electronic Communication Gadget - a wireless telephone, personal digital

assistant, or a portable or mobile computer that's used for the purpose of

composing, reading, or sending an electronic message. (Batavia, IL - Official

Website)

General Relativity - physicist Albert Einstein's understanding of how gravity

affects the fabric of space-time. (Space.com, 2023)

GPS is a "constellation" of 31 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make

it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location.

Contributor, T. (2021).

Gravitational field is the force field that exists in the space around every mass

or group of masses. (Study.com, 2023)

Satellites - a moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet (NASA)

SIM - a removable card inside a cell phone that stores data unique to the user,

as an identification number, passwords, phone numbers, and messages.

(Dictionary.com)

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Special Relativity is an explanation of how speed affects mass, time and space.

(Space.com, 2023)

Trackers is a person or animal that finds other people or animals by following

the marks left by their feet and other signs that show where they have been.

(Collins Online Dictionary | Definitions, Thesaurus and Translations. (2023).

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