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ljifo–;"rL
kl/R5]b–!
;jf]{Rr cbfnt k| k|f/lDes

of]ustf{sf] j8fkq
-!_ j8fkqsf] p2]Zo !
-@_ cbfnt k|of]ustf{sf] cl3sf/sf] k|Tofe"lt @
-#_ cbfnt k|of]ustf{af6 cbfntn] /fv]sf] ck]Iffx¿ #
[Supreme Court Users'
Charter] kl/R5]b–@

;af]{Rr cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/

-!_ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q $
-@_ ;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q $

kl/R5]b–#

lnvt btf{ / k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt

-!_ btf{ ug{ Nofpg] lnvtx¿df k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt %
-@_ lnvt btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ^

kl/R5]b–$ l/6 lga]bg

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, g]kfn -!_ jGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bgkqdf v'nfpg'kg]{ s'/fx?
/
 k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt -!_ bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpm eGg] lgj]bg lbg] cfwf/x?
-@_ cGo l/6 lgj]bgkq lbg] xsb}of !$ -@_ bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfFp eGg] lgj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]
-#_ cGo l/6 lgj]bgkqdf v'nfpg'kg]{ s'/fx? / { s'/fx? !%
k'¥ofpg'kg]{ l/t -#_ lnlvt k|ltjfb ;DaGwL !%
-$_ lnlvt hjfkm
-%_ ;f/–;+If]k k]z ug'{kg]{ kl/R5]b–&
-^_ ;fj{hlgs lxt / ;/f]sf/sf l/6 lga]bg k'g/fjnf]sg
kl/R5]b–% -!_ k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg lbg] cfwf/x? / Dofb !^
-@_ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpmFm eGg] lgj]bgdf v'nfpg kg]
k'g/fa]bg tyf ;fws { s'/fx? !^
-!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] cfwf/x?
kl/R5]b–*
!) -@_ k'g/fj]bg kqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx? lga]bg ÷ k|lta]bg
!! -#_ k'g/fj]bg Dofb u0fgf ug{] tl/sf !! -$_
k'g/fj]bg Dofb / yfDg] Joj:yf !@ -!_ cbfntsf] ckx]ngf ;DaGwL lgj]bg !& -@_
-%_ k'g/fj]bg lbg] JolQmnfO{ s}b tyf hl/jfgf /lhi6«f/sf] cfb]z pk/sf] ph'/L lga]bg !&
nfu]sf] -#_ dftxt cbfntsf] cfb]z pk/sf] ph'/L lga]bg !&
cj:yf ePdf -$_ k'g/fa]bgsf] cg'dltsf] lga]bg !&
-^_ lakIf lemsfpg] / lnlvt k|ltjfb ;DaGwL kl/R5]b–(
-&_ ;fws
tf/]v tyf k]zL
kl/R5]b–^
-!_ tf/]v ;DaGwL Joj:yf !*
d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] -@_ d'2f k]zL ;DaGwL Joj:yf @
)
-#_ d'2fsf] k]zL :ylut kl/R5]b @
 –!) ! -#_ ldnfkqsf nflu cfjZos s'/fx? @
gSsn @ (
@ -$_ d'2fsf] ldnfkq x'bf nfUg] sf]6{ lkm jf aS;f}gL tyf
kl/R5]b – !! jf/]; s}b hl/jfgf#) -%_ d]nldnfk tyf ldnfkqsf kmfObf
#!
-!_ jf/]; /fVg kfOg] cj:yf @
kl/R5]b – !%
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-@_ jf/]; x'g cof]Uo JolQmx¿ @ km};nf / km};nf sfof{Gjog
#
kl/R5]b – !@
d'2f ;sf/ @
#
kl/R5]b – !#
d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ tyf ax;
-!_ ax; ;DaGwL Joj:yf @
%
-@_ sfg"gL ;xfotf ;]jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf @
^
-#_ aGb Ohnf;sf] Joj:yf @
&
kl/R5]b – !$
d]nldnfk tyf ldnfkq
-!_ d]nldnfk ;DaGwL Joj:yf @
*
-@_ d'2fsf] ldnfkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf @
(
-!_ km};nf ;DaGwL #
!
-#_ km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL #
@
kl/R5]b – !^
/]vf tyf lnvt k/LIf0f #
@
kl/R5]b – !&
;"rgf tyf hg;Dks{ / u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
-!_ ;"rgf tyf hg;Dks{ #
#
-@_ ph'/L tyf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg #
#
#
cg';"lr %
 ;jf]{Rr cbfnt k|of]ustf{sf] j8fkq
Supreme Court Users' Charter
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ;DkGg agfPsf]
5 . /fHoåf/f ;+rflnt x/]s lqmof hgtfnfO{ s]Gb|laGb'
agfP/ pgLx¿s} ;jf]{Qd lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
ul/g'kb{5 . /fHosf s'g} klg c+uåf/f ;+rflnt
sfo{af6 ;]jf kfpmg' / ;f] sfo{sf af/]df ;"rgf dfUg] /
kfpmg] k|To]s gful/ssf] xs xf] . o:tf] xssf] k|Tofe"lt
ug{' / hgtfk|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g' /fHosf
c+usf] st{Jo x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfg, sfg'g /
Gofosf dfGo l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ;af]{Rr
cbfntn] cbfnt k|of]ustf{nfO{ s] s:tf ;]jfsf] k|Tofe"t
ub{5, To;sf s] s:tf sfg'gL / Jofjxfl/s k|lqmof
5g\ / ;]jfu|fxLaf6 cbfntn] s] ck]Iff /fv]sf 5g\ eGg]
h:tf s'/fsf] ;fdfGo hfgsf/L lbnfpg] p2]Zon] of] j8fkq
hf/L ul/Psf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–!
k|f/lDes
-!_ j8fkqsf] p2]Zo
 cbfntk|ltsf] hgcf:yf clej[l4 ug{',
 cbfntL sfo{ljlwnfO{
kf/bzL{ agfO{ Gofosf] kx'FrnfO{ ;xh /
ljZj;gLo agfpg',
 cbfntaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] sfd, sf/afxL /
sfo{ljlwsf cfwf/e"t kIfdf cbfnt k|
of]ustf{x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg',
 cbfnt k|of]ustf{k|lt cbfntsf sd{rf/Lx¿df
lhDd]jf/Lsf] efjgf ljsf; u/fpg',
1
 s'g sfd cbfntsf] s'g kmfF6 jf zfvfaf6 s;/L /
slt ;doleq ;Dkfbg x'G5 eGg]af/] cbfnt
k|of]ustf{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' /
 cbfnt k|of]ustf{af6 cbfntn] /fv]sf] ck]Iffsf
af/]df hfgsf/L lbnfpg' .
-@_ cbfnt k|of]ustf{sf] cl3sf/sf] k|Tofe"lt cbfnt
tkfO{sf] lk/dsf{ Pj+ cGofo k/]sf] ljifodf
d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ Gofo dlGb/ xf] . o;n] cbfnt k|
of]ustf{sf] lgDg clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub{5 M–
 ;+ljwfg Pj+ sfg'g k|bQ xs,
clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] clwsf/,
 :jR5 / lgZkIf ;'g'jfO{sf] clwsf/,
 lgikIf, ljgd| / ;dfg Jojxf/sf] clwsf/,
 hft, hflt, j0f{, lnË, wd{, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
x}l;ot nufot cGo s'g} klg cfwf/df e]befj
 gx'g] clwsf/, t/ j[4, cGwf, ckfË, afns, dlxnf,
y'g'jfnfO{ ;]jf k|jfxdf k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .
 sfdsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/L v6fO{ ;]jf
;'lglZrttfsf] clwsf/,
 Goflos sfo{, sfo{ljlw, sfo{k|lqmofsf af/]df
hfgsf/L kfpmg] clwsf/,
 cbfntdf a'emfPsf] /sdsf] /l;b kfpmg] clwsf/ ,
 ;]jf k|jfxdf lrQ ga'em]df u'gf;f]÷ph'/L
ug]{ clwsf/ .
2
-#_ cbfnt k|of]ustf{af6 cbfntn] /fv]sf] ck]Iffx¿
 ;kmf xft lnP/ ;xL ;To s'/fsf] ph'/ ug{' x'g]5 .
 cbfntsf sd{rf/L, cfkm\gf ljkIfL jf sfg'g
Joj;foL;Fusf] Jojxf/df lzi6tf / gd|tfsf] klxrfg
lbg' x'g]5 .
 dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L cbfntdf k|j]z ug{'
x'g]5}g .
 cbfnt kl/;/df w'd|kfg ug{' x'g] 5}g .
 cgfaZos xf]xNnf, cfj]u / cfqmf]zaf6
cbfntnfO{ d'Qm /fVg' x'g]5 .
 sfddf cfkm\gf] kfnf] klv{O{ w}o{tfsf] k|
bz{g ug{' x'g]5 .
 cbfnt kl/;/ ;kmf /fVg ;xof]uL x'g' x'g]5 .
 cbfnt k|j]z ubf{ lagf xftxltof/ k|j]z ug]{ /
;'/Iff hfFrdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g]5 .
 cbfnt k|j]zdf cfkm\gf] kl/ro v'Ng] gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq jf kl/rokq jf tf/]v krf{ jf cGo s'g}
k|df0f lnO{ cfpg' x'g]5 .
 l56f] 5l/tf] Gofo ;Dkfbg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' x'g]5 .
 d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf sfg'gåf/f tf]lsPsf]
lglZrt sfo{ljlw k"/f ug]{ / ;a'b k|df0f k]z ug]
{ / cbfntsf] cfb]z kfngf ug]{ bfloTj lgjf{x
ug{' x'g]5 .
 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cfb]zsf] ;Ddfg /
kfngf ug{' x'g]5 .
3
kl/R5]b–@
;af]{Rr cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/
-!_ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q
 Goflos k'g/fjnf]sgM s'g} sfg"g ;+lawfg;+u
aflemPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] sfg"g ab/sf] nfuL
s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;af]{Rr cbfntdf
lga]bg lbg ;Sg]5 . ;af]{Rr cbfntn] To:tf]
 sfg"g ;+lawfg;+u aflemPsf] b]lvPdf ab/
3f]lift ug]{5 .
 l/6 lga]bg M ;af]{Rr cbfntnfO{ b]xfosf]
ca:yfdf aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z,
pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufotsf]
cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;S5 M–
o df}nLs xssf] k|rngsf] nflu, o csf]
{ pkrf/sf] Aoa:yf gePsf] jf ckof{Kt jf k|
efalxg b]lvPsf] s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|
rngsf] nflu /
o ;fa{hgLs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbdf ;dfa]z
ePsf] s'g} ;+a}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zg lg?
k0fsf] nflu .
-@_ ;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q
 z'? d'2f x]g]{M s'g} g]kfn P]gn] s'g} d'2fsf]
z'? sf/aflx ;af]{Rr cbfntn] ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf]
d'2f .
 k'g/fa]bg ;'Gg] / ;fws hfFRg]M o; a8fkqsf]
kl/R5]b– % df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;af]{Rr
cbfntnfO{ k'g/fa]bg ;'Gg] tyf ;fws hfFRg]
clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg] M o; a8fkqsf] kl/R5]b–^
df pNn]v eP adf]lhd k'g/fa]bg cbfntn] u/]sf]
km};nf jf
4
clGtd cfb]z pk/ ;af]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fa]bg
gnfUg] ca:yfdf klg ;af]{Rr
cbfntnfO{ To:tf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/
d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ x]g]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{M o; a8fkqsf] kl/R5]b–& df
pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;af]{Rr cbfntnfO{ cfk\
mgf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]z pk/ k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 cGo lga]bg ;'Gg]M o; a8fkqsf] kl/R5]b–*
df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ;af]{Rr
cbfntnfO{ lga]bg ;'Gg] / x]g]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b–#
lnvt btf{ / k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt
-!_ btf{ ug{ Nofpg] lnvtx¿df k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt
 lnvtdf btf{ ug{ Nofpg] JolQm, ljkIfL /
k]6af]nLdf gfd pNn]v ePsf JolQmsf] gfd,
y/, 7]ufgf tyf yfxf eP;Dd 3/÷Ans g+=, s'g}
sfof{nodf sfo{/t /x]sf]df To:tf] sfof{no jf ;
+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf, lghsf] kb tyf ljb]zdf
uPsf] eP ;f] :yfgsf] 7]ufgf tyf lnvt
btf{ ug{ Nofpg] kIf / k|ToyL{sf] km\ofS;,
O{d]n, 6]n]S; jf clen]v x'g ;Sg] ljB'tLo
dfWod;DaGwL 7]ufgf eP ;f] 7]ufgf / cGo
kl/rofTds ljj/0f pNn]v ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .
 kIf, ljkIfsf] afa' ÷ cfdf ÷ klt ÷ kTgLsf] x'g'k5{ . lnvtsf] k|To]s k[i7df lnvt
gfd ;d]t pNn]v ug{'kb{5 . btf{ ug{ Nofpg] JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf]
 ;f]x| jif{eGbf sd pd]/sf JolQm, xf]; 7]ufgdf 5f]6s/L b:tvt / clGtd k[i7df NofKr] / n]Vg
gePsf JolQm, nf6fnf6L tyf ljb]zdf hfGg]n] k"/f b:tvt ;d]t u/]sf] u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .
uO{ kmsL{ cfpg] 7]ufg gePsf JolQmsf]  lnvt tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf x'g'kb{5 .
xsdf lghsf xsjfnf, xsjfnf geP
-@_ lnvt btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
5
 /Lt k'u]sf lnvtx¿ btf{sf nflu k]z x'g cfPkl5
lghsf] ;+/If0f jf /]vb]v ug]{ JolQmn]
tTsfn btf{ ul/g]5 .
cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ lnvt btf{ ug{ ;Sb5 .
 /Lt gk'u]sf]df s] slt /Lt k'¥ofpg'kg]{ xf], ;f]
 s] k|of]hgsf] lnvt xf], ;f]sf] tYout Joxf]/f /
v'nfO{ cbfntsf] 5fk nufO{ lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .
sfg'gL cfwf/ vf]lng'kb{5 .
 cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] lnvtdf ;f6km]/ / c+s cIf/
 lnvtx¿ lzi6 / ;+oldt efiffdf n]lvPsf]
yk36 ug{ kfOg] 5}g . t/ n]vfO jf sDKo'6/
x'g'kb{5 .
6fOksf]
 cfkm"n] lnPsf] bfaL lhls/ tyf sfg'g k|:6 ¿kdf
6
pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .
;fdfGo e"n ;RofO{ kfpmFm egL 5'§}
 lnvt ;fy cfjZos k|df0fx¿ k]z ug{' jf pNn]v
lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
ug{'kb{5 .
 s'g} lnvt k|rlnt sfg'gn] btf{ ug{ gkg]{ jf
 lnvt btf{ ug{ Nofpg] JolQm cfkm}+n]
gx'g] /x]5 eg] ;f] sf] :ki6 sf/0f hgfO{ b/kL7
lnvtsf] d:of}bf u/]sf] eP klxnf] k[i7sf]
u/L lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .
afofFkl§ lsgf/fdf æof] lnvtsf] d:of}bf d}n]
 b/kL7 ePdf ;f] pk/ Ohnf; ;dIf lgj]bg
u/]sf] x'F, d}n] 3"; lst]{ hfn;fhLdf ;hfo
lbg ;lsg]5 .
kfPsf] 5}gÆ egL cfkm\gf] gfd,
 lnvt btf{sf nflu k]z ug{'kg]{ zfvf, ;do,
7]ufgf :ki6;Fu n]vL b:tvt u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
lhDd]jf/ clwsf/L, u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L /
 lnvtdf s]/d]6 ePdf jf yk36 ePdf
b:t'/sf] ljj/0f cg';"lrdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
btf{ ug{ Nofpg] JolQmn] ;xL5fk u/]sf]
 kl/R5]b–$  s'g} sfg"gnfO{ c;+j}wflgs jf jb/ 3f]lift u/fpg
l/6 lga]bg h'g;'s} g]kfnL gful/sn] lgj]bg lbg ;Sg],
 ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbdf ;f] ljifo j:t';
-!_ jGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lgj]bgkqdf v'nfpg' kg]
+u ;fy{s ;+jGw jf tflTjs ;/f]sf/ ePsf]
{ s'/fx? / k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /Lt  lgj]bs / ljkIfLsf]
JolQmn] l/6 lgj]bg lbg ;Sg],
k"/f gfd, y/ / jtg,
 cGo l/6 lgj]bgsf] xsdf cfkm\gf] sfg"gL jf ;
 jGbLnfO{ s;n], slxn]b]lv / s'g kl/jGbjf6
+j}wflgs xsdf c;/ kg]{ JolQmn] lgj]bg
jGbL jgfPsf] xf] <
lbg ;Sg] .
 jGbL s'g :yfgdf y'gfdf /x]sf] 5 <
 l/6 lga]bg lbg s'g} xbDofb x'b}g t/ laifoa:t';
 jGbLnfO{ cGg kfgL jGb u/L y'gfdf /flvPsf]
+u clt lanDa u/]sf] x'g'x'b}g .
jf s'g} k|sf/sf] zfl/l/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOPsf]
5 jf 5}g<
-#_ cGo l/6 lgj]bgkqdf v'nfpg'kg]{ s'/fx? /
 y'gfsf] ;+jGwdf ;f]eGbf klxn] cbfntdf s'g}
lgj]bgkq lbPsf] 5, 5}g < eP To;sf] kl/0ffd s]
k'¥ofpg'kg]{ l/t
 lgj]bs / ljkIfLsf] k"/f gfd, y/ / jtg,
eof] <
 clwsf/If]q ;+jGwL s'/f,
 jGbLn] ;xL5fk u/]sf] x'g'kg]{, t/ ;xL5fk ug{
 s] s:tf] :f+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL xsdf s;/L xgg
g;Sg] sf/0f ePdf cGo s'g} JolQmn] lghsf]
x'g uPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f,
xsdf lgj]bgkq
lbg;Sg],  s'g} sfg"gnfO{ c;+j}wflgs jf jb/ 3f]lift u/fpg
lgj]bg u/]sf] eP s'g sfg"gsf] s'g Joj:yf ;
 lgj]bgkqdf s'g} b:t'/ gnfUg],
+ljwfg;+u s;/L jflemPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f,
 ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb ;+jGwL lgj]bgkq
7 ePdf ;f] ljjfb lsg / s;/L ;fj{hlgs xs jf
 lgj]bgkq ;'g'jfOsf] nflu k|fyldstf lbO{ Ohnf; ;/f]sf/sf] xf], To;df s] s:tf] ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL
;dIf k]z ul/g],

8
-@_ cGo l/6 lgj]bgkq lbg] xsb}of
 k|Zg pkl:yt ePs]f 5, ;f] ljjfbsf] ljifo j:t';+u  ;fj{hlgs zflGt, ;'/Iff, ;'Joj:yf, efiff, ;+:s[lt,
lgj]bssf] s] ;+jGw jf ;/f]sf/ 5 eGg] s'/f, jftfj/0f, n}lËs, ;fdflhs e]befa nufotsf ljleGg
 lgj]bsn] dfu]sf] pkrf/ / cfwf/x?, ljifox? h;n] ;fj{hlgs lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVb5g\,
 ;dfgfGt/ clwsf/If]q k|of]u u/L pkrf/ dfu u/]
9
gu/]sf] s'/f,
To:tf laifo;+u ;+alGwt l/6 lga]bgx?
 Pp6} lg0f{o jf ljifo eP klg leGg leGg
nfO{ ;fj{hlgs lxt / ;/f]sf/sf l/6 lga]bg elgG5
JolQmn] leGgfleGg} tYo / cfwf/ b]vfO
.
leGgfleGg} k|Zg p7fPsf]
 ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lxt / ;/f]sf/sf ljifodf
eP 5'§f5'§} lgj]bg lbg'kg]{,
pkrf/sf nflu ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/
 l/6 lgj]bg btf{ b:t'/ ?=%)).–nfUg] .
If]q cGtu{t l/6 lgj]bg lbg kfpmg] Joj:yf 5 .
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, efiff, ;
-$_ lnlvt hjfkm
+:s[ltsf] ;Da4{g, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs
 l/6 lgj]bgdf cbfntn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq lnlvt
sNof0fsf laifox? o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ .
hjfkm k]z ug'{k5{ .
 ljjfbsf] ljifo;Fu tflTjs ;/f]sf/ /
 cbfntn] tf]s]sf] Dofb u'h|]df aGbL k|
cy{k"0f{ ;DaGw ePsf s'g}klg g]kfnL
ToIfLs/0fdf & lbg / cGo l/6 lga]bgdf #%
gful/sn] o:tf] l/6 lga]bg bfo/ ug{ ;Sb5g\ .
lbg ;Ddsf] Dofb yfDg ;lsg]5 .
 o:tf l/6 lga]bgdf lgj]bs tf/]vdf ga;] klg sfg"g
 lnlvt hjfkm ;fy g]kfn ;/sf/ afx]s cGonfO{
adf]lhd sf/aflx ug{ ;lsG5 .
?=%).– b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
kl/R5]b–%
-%_ ;f/–;+If]k k]z ug'{kg]{
 tLg k[i7 eGbf a9Lsf] l/6 lgj]bg jf lnlvt k'g/fa]bg tyf ;fws
hjfkm ePdf ;f] sf] ;f/ ;+If]k k]z ug'{kg]{ . -!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] cfwf/x?
 k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] ;'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f u/]sf]
-^_ ;fj{hlgs lxt / ;/f]sf/sf l/6 lga]bg d'2f,
  k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L  k'g/fj]bg u/]sf] d'2fdf v'Ng ;s] ;Ddsf] df]n
s}bsf] ;hfo u/]sf] d'2f, ljuf],
 ;'? cbfnt, lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] u/]sf]  ;DalGwt d'2fdf s}b jf y'gfdf k/]sf] eP ;f]
lg0f{o / ;f] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] s'/f,
k'g/fj]bgsf] /f]xdf  c=j+=!($ g+= jdf]lhd nfu]sf] s}b jfkt s}bdf
lg0f{o ubf{ s]xL jf k'/} plN6 ePsf] d'2f, gj:g] u/L cg'dlt kfPsf] eP ;f]sf] lg:;f,
 ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf ;fws hfx]/ ePsf] d'2f,  b08 hl/jfgf a'emfPsf] jf h]yf hdfgt
 k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg lbPsf]df ;f] sf] lg:;f,
nfUg] egL tf]s]sf cGo d'2fx? .  sf]6{ lkm jf k'g/fa]bg b:t'/,
 s'g Ohnf;sf] clwsf/ If]q leqsf] xf] eGg] s'/f,
 tf/]vdf ga:g] eP ;f] s'/f .
10
-@_ k'g/fj]bg kqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ s'/fx?
-#_ k'g/fj]bg Dofb u0fgf ug{] tl/sf
 km};nf ug]{ z'? tyf eP k'g/fj]bg txsf]
 km};nf ;'gL kfPsf] sfuh u/]sf] jf /fo
cbfntsf] gfd,
lstfjdf ;xL u/]sf]df ;f]xL ldltaf6,
 km};nf ug]{ z'? tyf eP k'g/fj]bg txsf]
 k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb tfd]n ePsf]df tfd]nL
GofofwLz jf kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd,
ldltaf6,
 ;'? d'2fdf jfbL jf k|ltjfbL ePsf] s'/f,
11
 d'2fsf] gfd / d'2f gDa/,
 km};nfsf] gSsn ;f/]sf] jf km};nf adf]lhd
 km};nf ePsf] ldlt,
nfu]sf] b08 hl/jfgf a'emfPsf]df ;f]xL
 k'g/fj]bg Dofb / k|df0f ;DaGwL s'/f
ldltaf6,
 d'2f / lg0f{osf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f,
 b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cj:yf k/]sf]df h'g klxnf
 bfjL u/]sf] ljuf] jf dfu ul/Psf] ;hfo / To:tf]
5 ;f] ldltaf6 k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb u0fgf ul/G5 .
ePsf] ;hfFo jf sfod ePsf] ljuf],
 km};nfdf lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fx¿, To;sf] sf/0f /
k'g/fj]bg kqdf dfu u/]sf] s'/f,
-$_ k'g/fj]bg Dofb / yfDg] Joj:yf
 k'g/fj]bg Dofb / ;f] u'h|]df yfDg] calw  sf/0fL ;/sf/L sd{rf/L e} ;/sf/L sfhdf vl6Psf]
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5 . sf/0f Dofb÷tf/]v u'h|]sf] eP tf/]v u'h|]sf]
l;=g
d'2fsf] lsl;d
k'g/fj]bg yfldg ;Sg] ldltn] #% lbgleq,
+= Dofb cjlw  Dofb÷tf/]v ydfpg lgj]bg lbFbf ;f] u'h|gfsf]
! ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, #)±#)Ö ^)
@)$( cGtu{tsf] d'2fdf
&) lbg
lbg;Dd
sf/0f :ki6 ?kdf vf]nL k|df0f ;d]t ;fy} k]z
@ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw P]g, ug'{kg]{5 .
#) lbg !% lbg
@)@* cGtu{tsf d'2fdf  To:tf] lgj]bg pk/ t'?Gt sf/jfxL x'g]5 .
# ljz]if cbfnt P]g, @)%(  Dofb÷tf/]v ydfpg] lgj]bg lbbf ? %.– b:t'/
#% lbg !% lbg
cGtu{tsf d'2fdf
nfUg]5 .
$ cGo d'2fdf -laz]if Aoa:yf
#% lbg #) lbg
afx]s_
dfly pNn]lvt cj:yf afx]s lgDg cj:yfdf lgDg -%_ k'g/fj]bg lbg] JolQmnfO{ s}b tyf hl/jfgf
adf]lhd Dofb÷tf/]v yfldG5 M– nfu]sf] cj:yf ePdf
 sf/0fL lqmof a:g' k/]df lqmof ;dfKt ePsf  k'g/fj]bg ug{ cfp+bf tNnf] txaf6 s}b tyf
ldltn] af6fsf Dofb afx]s !% lbg leq, hl/jfgf nfu]sf] ePdf hl/jfgf lt/]sf] tyf s}b
 sf/0fL :jf:gL dflg; ;'Ts]/L ePsf sf/0f e'Qmfg u/]sf] jf ul//x]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
Dofb÷tf/]v u'h|]sf] eP ;'Ts]/L ePsf ldltn]  hl/jfgf ltg{ g;Sg] cj:yfdf ;f] jfkt h]yf
af6fsf Dofb afx]s hdfgt /fVg ;lsG5 .
#% lbg leq,  !) jif{ ;Dd s}bsf] ;hf+o ePsf]df /
 s'g} b}jL k|sf]k jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] af6f] k"k{IfnfO{ y'gfdf a:g' gkg]{ d'2f ePdf jf
aGb ePsf], oftfoftsf] ;fwg grn]sf] sf/0faf6 ga;]sf] ePdf w/f}6L jf hdfgLsf] nflu lgj]bg
Dofb÷tf/]v u'h|]sf] eP af6f] v'n]sf] jf lbg ;lsG5 .
oftfoftsf] ;fwg rn]sf] ldltn] af6f]sf] Dofb  lgj]bgdf cg'dlt ePdf s}bdf ga;L w/f}6 jf
afx]s !) lbg leq, hdfgLdf a;L d'2fsf] k"k{If ug{ ;lsG5 .

12 -^_ lakIfL lemsfpg] / lnlvt k|ltjfb ;DaGwL

  k'g/fj]bg kqdf c=j+= @)@ g+= adf]lhd k| kl/R5]b–^
ToIfL{ lemsfpg] cfb]z ePdf k'g/fa]bsn] k| d'2f bf]xf]¥ofpg]
ToyL{ hgf Pssf] ?=!).– sf] b/n] ;"rgf b:t'/
-!_ bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpmF eGg] lgj]bg lbg] cfwf/x?
cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] & lbg leq bflvnf ug'{ k5{
 k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zdf
.
uDeL/ sfg'gL q'l6 ePsf],
 k|ToyL{n] rfx]df xflh/ x'g cfpFbf lnlvt k|
 ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 :yflkt sfg'gL l;4fGt jf
ltjfb ug{ ;Sg]5 .
ghL/sf] kfngf gu/]sf] jf unt lsl;dn] JofVof
13
u/L k|of]u
-&_ ;fws u/]sf],
cfk'mn] u/]sf] km};nf jf cfb]z l7s a]l7s hfFrsf  ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfj]z ePsf]
nflu k]z u/L ePsf cfb]z adf]lhd ug]{ u/L d'2fdf ldl;ndf ;+UnUg k|df0fsf] plrt
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntdf d'2f k]z ug]{ k|ls| d"Nofªsg gePsf] sf/0fn] ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ
ofnfO{ ;fws hfx]/ elgG5 . lxgfldgf ePsf] jf To:tf]
 k'g/fa]bg cbfntn] ;a{Zj ;lxt hGds}b jf ;DklQdf Iflt k'u]sf],
hGds}b x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] d'2f dfq ;af]
{Rrdf ;fws hfx]/ x'G5 .
14
 ;fws hfx]/ ePsf] d'2fdf d'2fsf] kIfn]
k'g/fa]bg ;d]t ug{ kfFpm5 .
 ;fws hfx]/ ePsf] d'2fdf k'g/fa]bg gug]
{ kIfn] jf lghsf] cGo s'g} ;DalGwt
AolQmn] k'g/fa]bg ;/xsf] lhls/ lnO{ lga]bg
lbg kfFpm5 .
 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;af]{Rr cbfntdf k]z x'g
cfPsf] cGo ;fws ;d]t ;af]{Rr cbfntn]
hfFRg] ub{5.
 afns, dlxnf, j[4, ckfË jf dfgl;s /f]uaf6 kLl8t
JolQmsf] plrt k|ltlglwTj x'g g;sL
OG;fkmdf tflTjs c;/ k/]sf] .
-@_ bf]xf¥] ofO{ kfFp eGg] lgj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]
{ s'/fx?
 lgj]bssf] gfd, y/, jtg,
 ljkIfLsf] gfd, y/, jtg,
 h'g km};nf bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfFp eGg] lgj]bg
lbPsf] xf] ;f] km};nf ug]{ cbfnt,
GofofwLzx¿sf] gfd,
 km};nf bf]xf]¥ofpg dfu u/]sf] cfwf/,
 dfly k'g/fj]bgkqdf v'nfpg' kg]{ elgPsf s'/fx¿,
 h'g km};nf bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfFp egL lgj]bg
lbPsf] xf] ;f] km};nf / ;'? km};nfsf]
gSsn ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ 5.
 k'g/fa]bg cbfntn] km};nf u/]sf] ldltn] af6fsf
Dofb afx]s #% lbg leq d'2f bf]xf]¥opgsf]
nflu lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ lnlvt k|ltjfb ;DaGwL
 d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfFpm eGg] lgj]bgdf Gofo
k|;fzg P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@ adf]lhd lg:;f
k|fKt ePdf To:tf] lg:;f cfb]z k|fKt k|
ToyL{n] rfx]df xflh/ x'g cfpFbf lnlvt k|ltjfb
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
15
kl/R5]b–&
k'g/fjnf]sg
-!_ k'g/fjnf]sgsf] lgj]bg lbg] cfwf/x? / Dofb
 d'2fdf ePsf] OG;fkmdf tflTjs c;/ kg]
{ lsl;dsf] s'g} k|df0f /x]sf] tYo d'2f lsgf/f
eP kl5 dfq ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ yfxf ePdf,
 ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 :yflkt ghL/ jf sfg"gL l;4fGt
k|lts"n lg0f{o ePsf] b]lvPdf,
 ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbg
leq k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpmFm eGg] lgj]bgdf v'nfpg
kg]{ s'/fx?
 k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] lgj]bssf] gfd,
y/ / jtg,
 k|ToyL{sf] gfd, y/ / jtg,
 
 h'g km};nf jf cfb]z k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg
lbPsf] xf] ;f] km};nf jf cfb]z ug]{ Ohnfz /
GofofwLzx¿sf] gfd, d'2f gDa/ / ;fn,
 Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !! sf]
pkbkmf ! sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ dWo] s'g cj:yf
ljBdfg ePsf]n] lgj]bg lbPsf] xf] ;f] s'/f
v'nfO{ To;sf] k|df0f ;d]t ;fy} /fVg' kg]{5 .
 s'g} glh/sf] pNn+3g ePsf] eP ;f] glh/sf]
pNn]v u/L ;f] glh/sf] k|ltlnlk ;fy} k]z
ug'{kg]{5 .
 h'g km};nf jf cfb]z pk/ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/ kfFp
egL lgj]bg lbOPsf] xf] ;f] km};nf jf cfb]z /
z'?sf]
16
k'g/fj]bgsf] km};nf jf cfb]zsf] gSsn ;fy} k]z
ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b–*
lga]bg ÷ k|lta]bg
-!_ cbfntsf] cax]ngf ;DaGwL lgj]bg
 s;}n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt jf dftxt cbfntsf] cax]ngf
u/]df ckx]ngfdf sf/jfxLsf] nflu lgj]bg
lbg ;lsG5 .
-@_ /lhi6«f/sf] cfb]z pk/sf] ph'/L lga]bg
 d'2fsf] sf/aflxsf] l;nl;nfdf /lhi6«f/ jf lghn]
clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] clws[tn] u/]sf] cfb]z
pk/ #% lbg leq ph'/L lbg ;S5 . To:tf] ph'/L
lga]bg O{hnf; ;dIf k]z x'g]5 .
-#_ dftxt cbfntsf] cfb]z pk/sf] ph'/L lga]bg
 dftxt cbftnn] u/]sf] cGt/sfnLg cfb]z a]l/tsf]
5 elg tf]s]sf] cfwf/df ;af]{Rr cbfntdf lga]bg
lbg ;lsG5 .
-$_ k'g/fa]bgsf] cg'dltsf] lga]bg
 /fhZj GofofwLs/0fn] u/]sf] km};nf af
clGtd cfb]z pk/ k'g/fa]bgsf] cg'dltsf] lga]bg
;af]{Rr cbfntdf lbg ;lsG5 .
17
kl/R5]b–(
tf/]v tyf k]lz
-!_ tf/]v ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 l/6 lgj]bgkq, lkm/fbkq, k'g/fj]bgkq, d'2f
bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpm+ eGg] lgj]bgkq
btf{ x'gf;fy ;DalGwt kIfn] tf/]vdf /xL
d'2fsf] k"k{If ug'{ kb{5 .
 k|ltpQ/ jf lnlvt hjfkm jf lnlvt k|ltjfb y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQm aLrdf 5'6]df eg] af6fsf
btf{ ePkl5 jf ljkIfL xf+lh/ ePkl5 b'j} Dofb afx]s kfFr lbgleq xflh/ x'g hfg'k5{ .
kIfnfO{ tf/]v ldnfg u/L Ps} lbgsf] tf/]v  ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf w/f}6L /fvL
lbO{G5 . tf/]vdf /x]sf JolQmx?n] tf/]v u'hf/L a;]df
 y'gfdf a:g' kg]{ afx]s c?n] d'2fsf] k'k{Ifsf] w/f}6 jf hdfgt hkmt x'g]5 .
nflu cbfntn] tf]s]sf] tf/]vdf /xg' kg]{ x'G5 .  c=a+=!($ g+= adf]lhd ;'ljwf kfO{ w/f}6L jf
 tf/]v tf]sL lbFbf s] sfdsf] nflu s'g lbg hdfgtdf /x]sf] afx]ssf c? d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs jf k|
s'g ;dodf pkl:yt x'g' kg]{ xf] ;f] Joxf]/f tf/]v Toly{n] rfx]df cbfntsf] cg'dlt lnO{ tf/]vdf
krf{df v'nfOPsf] x'G5 . ga;] klg x'G5 .
 tf/]v tf]ls lnPkl5 tf/]vkrf{df ;DalGwt  cfkm\gf] sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt kl/ Dofb tf/]v
sd{rf/Laf6 b:tvt u/fO{ lng'k5{ . u'h|g uPdf b]xfo adf]lhd ydfpg ;Sg]5 .
 s'g} lbgsf] ;do pNn]v u/L tf/]v lnPsf]df ;f] tf/]v u'h|]sf] ydfpg kfpmg] k]z ug{'kg]
lbgsf] ;f]xL ;dodf pkl:yt x'g'k5{ . sf/0f cjlw { k|df0f
 tf]lsPsf] ;dodf pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] d'2fdf lsl/of ;dfKt ePsf] d[To' btf{ /
ldltn] !% lbgleq gftf
pQm lbg ug'{ kg]{ sf/jfxL ug{ /f]lsb}g . lsl/of a:g' k/]df
k|dfl0ft k|
 cfkm" l9nf] k'u]sf]df csf]{ kIfn] h'g df0fkq
ldlt / ;dosf] tf/]v lnO{ uPsf] 5, ;f]xL ;'Ts]/L ePsf] hGd btf{ k|
ldlt / ;dosf] tf/]v lng' k5{ . ;'Ts]/L ePdf ldltn] #% lbgleq df0fkq jf
l;kmfl/;
 tf/]vdf xflh/ x'g'kg]{ JolQm s'g} Jox]f/fn]
d[To' btf{ k|
cGt y'gfdf k/L xflh/ x'g g;Sg] cj:yf k/] df0fkq
dl/ jf af}nfxf jf To:tf] ePsf] ldltn]
cbfntnfO{ t'?Gt hfgsf/L u/fpg' k5{ . o;f] a]kQf ePdf #% lbgleq
÷af}nfxf
u/]df tf/]v u'h|b}g . ÷a]kQf
ePsf] lg:;f
;/sf/L sfhdf tf/]v u'h|]sf] ldltn] sfhdf vl6Psf] k|
vl6Psf]df #% lbgleq df0f
18
af6f] aGb ePsf] jf af6f] v'n]sf] jf :yfgLo lgsfo jf
b}ljs k|sf]k k/]df b}jL k/]sf] ;/sf/L
 

c8\8faf6 ;f] d'2f ÷ ldnfkq ÷ lgj]bg tyf k'g/fj]bg lkmtf{ ÷

ldltn] !) lbg Joxf]/f v'n]sf] tf/]v u'hf/]sf d'2f÷ tfd]nL h:tf ljifox? k"/s
lg:;f
;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw !% lbg
b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
sf/0f v'n]sf]  k]zL ;"rLdf r9]sf d'2fx¿sf] b]xfosf]
P]g, @)@* a9Ldf @
lgj]bg
cGtu{tsf] d'2fdf k6s qmdfg';f/
ljz]if cbfnt P]g, Ps k6sdf a9Ldf ! ;'g'jfO x'g]5M–
sf/0f v'n]sf]
@)%( cGtu{tsf] %
lgj]bg  jGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6 lga]bg,
d'2fdf lbg
cGo d'2fdf sfa' a9Ldf #) sf/0f v'n]sf] l/t  x]bf{x]b}{ aFfsL /x]sf d'2f,
aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt lbg tLg k"j{ssf] lgj]bg  k'g/fj]bs jf cleo'Qm y'gf jf s}bdf k/]sf]
k/]df k6s ;Dd d'2f,
19
 jfnjflnsfsf] d'2f,
-@_ d'2f k]zL ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 h]i7 gfu/Ls / zfl/l/s ?kdf czQmtf ePsf]
 d'2fdf ePsf cfb]z
JolQmsf] d'2f,
adf]lhdsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ cË
 dlxnf jfbL ePsf] Gjf/fg u/fO kfpm jf
k'u]sf d'2fx¿ k]zLdf r9fOg] 5 .
gftf sfod u/fO{ kfpm jf c+z jf dfgfrfdn
 cË k'uL cfufdL xKtfsf] nflu k]zL tf/]v
lbnfO e/fO kfpm jf ;+jGw ljR5]b u/fO
tf]lsPsf d'2fx¿sf] k]zL ;"rL tof/ u/L k|To]s
kfpm eGg] d'2f,
xKtfsf] z'qmjf/ ;fKtflxs k]zL ;"rLdf 6fF;
 jGbLk|ToIfLs/0f afx]ssf cGo l/6 lgj]bg
ul/g]5 .
 dlxnf jfbL afx]ssf cGo c+z d'2f,
 ;fKtflxs k]zL ;"rLdf k/]sf d'2fx¿af6 b}lgs
 ljb]zL gful/s kIf jf ljkIf /x]sf] d'2f,
d'2f k]zL ;"rL -k|To]s Ohnfzdf k]z x'g]
20
d'2fsf] ;"rL_ tof/ u/L cbfntsf] b}lgs ;"rgf
 k|wfg GofofwLz jf Ohnfzn] cu|flwsf/
kf6L{df / ;DalGwt Ohnfzsf] ;"rgf kf6L{df
lbO{ x]g]{ cfb]z lbPsf] d'2f,
6fFl;g] 5 .
 cGo d'2fdf k'/fgf]sf] btf{ qmdaf6 .
 ;fKtflxs k]zL ;"rLdf k/]sf
 btf{ qmd lgwf{/0f ubf{ lg:;f k|bfg eO{ btf{
d'2fx¿ afx]s ;fws÷ b'j} kIf tf/]vdf g/x]sf
ePsf d'2fdf z'? lga]bg s} btf{ ldlt,
 k'gMOG;fkmsf] nflu dftxtdf
k7fO{ k'gM ;af]{Rr cbfntdf btf{ x'g cfPdf
klxnf] ldltnfO{ / d'NtaL hfu]sf]df jf cf+lzs
ldnfkq ePsf]df klg klxn]s} ldltnfO{ cfwf/
dflgg] 5 .
-#_ d'2fsf] k]zL :ylut
 sfa'aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L ;DalGwt kIfn] jf
sfg"g Joj;foLn] ;fdfGotof b'O{ k6ssf nflu
k]zL :ylut ug{ kfpmg] 5g\ . t/ b]xfosf]
cj:yfdf :ylut x'g]
5}gM–
 Ohnf;af6 k|fyldstf lbPsf] d'2f,
 Ps}kIfsf] PseGbf a9L sfg"g Joj;foL
/x]sf] d'2f,
 x]bf{ x]b}{ u/]sf] d'2f,
 pxL kIfn] b'O{ k6s k]zL :ylut
u/fO{ ;s]sf] d'2f,
 k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd d'2f km};nf ug{'
kg]{ ;dofjlw gf3]sf d'2f,
 k]zL :ylut ug'{kg]{ ePdf b}lgssf] xsdf d'2f
Ohnfzdf k]z x'g] lbg Ohnfz a:g' eGbf
cufj} / ;fKtflxs k]lz ;"lraf6 x6fpg clwNnf]
a'waf/;Dddf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ 5 .
 k]zLsf lbg ;DalGwt kIfx? jf sfg"g Joj;foL
pkl:yt gePklg d'2f x]g{ /f]lsg] 5}g .
21
kl/R5]b –!)
gSsn
 ldl;ndf /x]sf] sfuhkqsf] gSsn ;/f]sf/jfnf
hf] ;'s}n] klg lng kfpmF5 .
 ;af]{Rr cbfntsf] km};nf hf] ;'s} g]kfnL
gful/sn] cWoogsf] nflu gSsn lng kfpm5 .
 gSsn lng' kbf{ s'g sfuhsf] gSsn lng] xf] ;f]
sf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg'
k5{ .
 5'6[f 5'6[} ldl;nsf] sfuhsf] gSsnsf] nflu
5'6[f 5'6[} lgj]bg lbg' k5{ .
 lgj]bg lbgsf] #M)) ah];Dddf lbg'k5{ .
 gSsn lga]bg b:t'/ ?=%.– / cbfntaf6 5kfPsf]
kmf/ddf eP ?=!).– nfU5 .
 k|fyldstf;fy gSsn lng]df k|fyldstf b:t'/ ?=!).–
nfU5 .
 gSsn lnFbf b]xfo adf]lhd b:t"/ nfU5 M
 cfkmg} tkm{af6 ;f/L lng]df Psk[i7sf] ?
=@.–,
 cbfntsf] tkm{af6} ;f/L lnOg]df Psk[i7sf]
?=#.–,
kl/R5]b – !!
jf/];
 

-!_ jf/]; /fVg kfOg] cj:yf  g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf ;hfo
 s'g} sf/0fj; cfkm\gf] d'2fdf cfkm}F k'k{Ifdf kfPsf]
a:g g;Sg] kIfn] jf/]; /fVg kfpmF5 . JolQm,
 ;fdfGotM ;a} b]jfgL d'2fdf jf/]; /fVg  rf/sf]zeGbf 6f9fsf c8\8fdf k/]sf] d'2fdf jf/];
kfOG5 . e}/x]sf] JolQm,

kl/R5]b – !@
22 d'2f ;sf/
k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf a:g'kg]{ / hdfgt nfUg]  jfl/;åf/f d'2fsf] sf/jfxL u/L cfPsf]df
cj:yfdf hdfgt lbg g;sL y'gfdf a:g'kg] lghnfO{ x6fO{ kIf cfkm}n] d'2fsf] k'k{Ifdf ug{
{ JolQmn] jf/]; /fVg kfpmFb}g . ;S5 .
 ljb]zLn] w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPsf] cj:yfdf dfq
jf/]; /fVg kfOG5 .
 ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cbfntsf] cg'dlt
23
lnP/ dfq jf/]; /fVg kfOG5 .
 P]gn] lauf] eg'{ e/fpg', lbg' lbnfpg' jf ;Dklt rng
 kIfn] rfx] cfkm\gf] jf/]; kl/jt{g ug{ jf
rnfpg' kg]{ d'2fdf ;DalGwt AolQm d/]df jf
cfkm}+n] ;sf/ u/L lng ;Qm5g\ .
af}nfPdf jf a]kQmf ePdf b}ofbf/n] d'2f ;sf/
ug{ kfOG5 .
-@_ jf/]; x'g cof]Uo JolQmx¿
 cfly{s xs jf bfloTj axg ug'{ kg]{ l/6 lga]bgdf
 cbfntaf6 nfu]sf] b08, hl/jfgf, bzf}+b,
klg ;sf/ ug{ kfOG5 .
cfb]zn] afFsL
 ;fa{hlgs xs, lxt / ;/f]sf/sf] laifo ;dfa]z ePsf] l/6
/x]sf] sf]6{ lkm, ;/sf/L lauf] a'emfpg
lga]bgdf lga]bsn] tf/]v u'hf/] jf lghsf] d[To'
afFsL /x]sf JolQm,
ePdf s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;sf/ ug{ kfp5 .
 !^ jif{ pd]/ gk'u]sf] JolQm,
 ;+:yfut d'2fsf xsdf ;fljsjfnfsf] ;6[f xfnjfnfn] d'2f
 sfg'g adf]lhd y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQm,
lhDdf lnO{ d'2f sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sb5 .
 3"; sLt]{df ;hfo kfPsf] JolQm,
 d'2f ;sf/ ug{ ;DalGwt kIfn] cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg'  sfg"g Joj;foL lgo'Qm u/]sf]df lghn] /
kb{5 / ;sf/ ug{ kfpmg] u/L cfb]z eP lghaf6 gu/]sf]df kIf cfkm}n] jf lghsf] jf/];n] klg
;sf/gfdfsf] sfuh u/fOg]5 . cfkm\gf] egfO{ /fVg ;lsg]5 .
d'2f ;sf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd 5 M–  tf]lsPsf] Ohnf;df k]zL ;"rL cg'?k d'2fsf]
ljifo k]z ug{'kg]{ sfuh ;sf/ ug{'kg]{ cjlw qmdzM kfnf] cfpg] x'Fbf ;f] sf] hfgsf/L
cfkm\gf] d'2fdf l6=le=l:qmg dfkm{t lnO jf Ohnf;jf6
jf/]; /fvL k'k{If tf/]vsf] lbgdf jf u'h|]sf]df
ul//x]sf]
/Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg
yfdL kfpmg] Dofbleq
jf]nfPkl5 jf ;DalGwt Ohnf; clws[t;Fu
eP hfgsf/L lnP/ Ohnf;df k|j]z ug'{k5{ .
d/L jf af}nfxf jf  cfkmgf] d'2fsf] kfnf]nfO{ ljrf/ u/L kfnf]
a]kQmf ePsf] ldltn] gcfpg] j]nf;Dd kv]{/ a:g'k5{ .
-!_ /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg
b}ofbf/sf] af6fsf Dofb afx]s #%
x}l;otn]
-@_ xsb}of k'u]sf] k|
lbg leq jf ;f] eGbf  ax; x'Fbf / d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf Ohnf;df ;
df0f +oldt / zfGt eO{ Ohnf;sf] cg'zf;g kfngf
kl5sf] tf/]v /x]5 eg]
tf/]vsf lbg ug'{k5{ .
-!_ /Ltk"j{ssf]  GofofwLz / cfkm\gf] ljkIfLnfO{ ;Daf]wg
lgj]bg -@_ kbLo tf/]vsf] lbgdf jf u'h|]sf]df
kbLo x}l;otn]
x}l;ot v'Ng] yfdL kfpmg] Dofbleq ubf{ dof{lbt efiff k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
sfuhkq  ax;sf qmddf Ohnf;n] sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ vf;
;fj{hlgs lxt lgj]bssf] g]kfnL tf/]vsf] lbg jf u'h|]sf]df k|Zgdf ;Lldt /xL ax; ug{ lgb]{zg lbg ;Sb5 .
;dfj]z ePsf] d'2f gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq yfdL kfpmg] Dofbleq o;/L lgb]{zg ePsf]df ;f]xL k|Zgdf ;Lldt /xL
s'g} a}Í, sDkgL jf ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;d]tsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] ax; ug'{k5{ .
x}l;otn] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg jf lgj]bg ljrf/wLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf lgh
d/L jf s'g} lsl;djf6 ;f] sfdjf6 lgh 5'6\g uPdf To;df sfdug]
 d'2fdf Ohnf;n] ax;sf] ;do klg tf]Sg ;Sb5 .
{ xfnjfnfn] tf/]v u'h|]sf] ldltn] jf6f]sf] Dofb afx]s #% lbg o;/L ;do tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL ;do leq ;Sg] u/L
leq tf/]v yfdL d'2f ;sf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . ax; ug'{k5{ .
24  ax;gf]6 kIfn] rfx]df jf Ohnf;n] cfb]z lbPdf
kl/R5]b – !# k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ tyf ax;  Pp6f kIfaf6 PseGbf a9L sfg"g Joj;foLx?
-!_ ax; ;DaGwL Joj:yf lgo'Qm ePsf]df Ohnf;n] cnu cnu sfg"g
 

Joj;foLn] cnu cnu k|Zgdf ax; ug]{ u/L
Joj:yfkg ug{ lgb]{zg lbg
25
;Sg]5 . o;/L lgb]{zg ePsf]df ;f]xL adf]lhd
ug'{kg]{ 5.
 d'2fsf] k]zLsf lbg sfg"g Joj;foL eP lgh ;lxt
cfkm" ;dod} Ohnf; ;dIf pkl:yt x'gk5{ . o;/L
pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ :ylut
x'b}g .
 d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ rln/x]sf] j]nf s'g} hfgsf/L
rflxPdf Ohnf; clws[t;Fu ;f]wL hfgsf/L
lng ;lsG5 .
 Ohnf; lgoldt ug{ cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ug{
;lsg]5 .
cj:yfdf ;DalGwt Ohnf; ;dIf / d'2f k]zL
gePsf] cj:yfdf d'2f dxfzfvf k|d'v ;dIf lgj]bg
ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
 o;/L lgj]bg k/]sf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt Ohnf; jf
dxfzfvf k|d'vaf6 cf}lrTo x]/L cfjZos
b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf lgj]bs kIfaf6 lnvt tof/ ug{],
ax; k}/jL ug{] u/L j}tlgs jsLn lgo'Qm ug{]
cfb]z lbg]5g\ .
 kIfn] lgj]bg gu/]klg cfjZostf cg';f/ Ohnf; jf
d'2f dxfzfvf k|d'vn] s'g} kIfsf] tkm{af6
sfg"gL
26

-@_ sfg"gL ;xfotf ;]jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf

 gful/snfO{ ;/n / ;e{;'ne tl/sfn] Gofo k|bfg
ug{ /fHosf] tkm{af6 cbfntdf Pp6f
sfg"gL ;xfotf zfvfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
 o; zfvfdf cbfntaf6} kfl/>lds kfpmg] u/L
b'O{ hgf j}tlgs sfg"g Joj;foL /x]sf 5g\
eg] ;DalGwt af/ OsfO{af6 ;d]t lgMz'Ns
sfg"gL ;]jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
 sfg"gL ;xfotf k|fKt ug{sf nflu d'2fsf kIfn]
lnlvt jf df}lvs h'g;'s} ?kdf d'2f k]zL ePsf]
 ;xfotf pknAw u/fpg j}tlgs sfg"g
Joj;foLnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sb5g\ .
 sfg"gL ;xfotf zfvfaf6 cfjZostfg';f/ sfg"gL
lnvt tof/ ug]{, ax; k}/jL ug]{ h:tf ;]jfx? k|
fKt x'g ;Sb5g\ .
 j}tlgs sfg"g Joj;foLn] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ d'2fdf
5'6[} jsfntgfdf k]z ug{' kb}{g .
 j}tlgs sfg"g Joj;foLnfO{ ljgf z'Ns ldl;n
cWoogsf]
;'ljwf x'g]5 .
-#_ aGb Ohnf;sf] Joj:yf
 cbfntdf d'2fs]f ;'g'jfO{ / lsgf/f
ubf{ ;dfGotM v'nf Ohnf;af6 ul/G5,
h;sf] ;'g'jfO{df hf] ;'s} pkl:yt x'g, x]g{ ;'Gg
kfpmF5g\ . t/ lgDg d'2fx? aGb Ohnf;af6
sfjf{xL / lsgf/f ul/G5g\, h;sf] sfjf{xLdf
cGosf] pkl:ylt lgif]lwt x'G5 M–
 afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g cGtu{tsf]
d'2f,
 ha/h:tL s/0fL ;DaGwL d'2f,
 dfjg a]rljvg P]gsf] d'2f,
 gftf sfod ;DaGwL d'2f,  ;DaGw
ljR5]b ;DaGwL d'2f,  Ohnf;n] tf]s]sf
cGo d'2fx? .
 aGb Ohnf;af6 x]l/Psf d'2f ;DaGwL sfuhftsf]
k|ltlnkL jfbL, k|ltjfbL / kLl8t afx]s c?
nfO{ pknAw x'b}g / o; ;DaGwL tYo
v'nfO{ s'g} kqklqsfdf
;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ klg kfO{+b}g .
 aGb Ohnf;df d'2fsf] sf/jfxL rNbf b]xfosf
JolQmx? dfq Ohnf;df pkl:yt x'g kfpmF5g\
M–
27
 ;DalGwt sfg"g Joj;foL,
 ;/sf/L jsLn,
 ljz]if1,
 cleo'Qm,
 kLl8t JolQm,
 kLl8t JolQmsf] ;+/Ifs,  cbfntn]
cg'dlt lbPsf] k|x/L,
 cbfntn] tf]s]sf cbfntsf sd{rf/L .
kl/R5]b – !$
d]nldnfk tyf ldnfkq
-!_ d]nldnfk ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 sfg"g adf]lhd ldnfkq x'g ;Sg] s'g} d'2f
d]nldnfkåf/f ;dfwfg u/fpg kIfx?sf] ;xdtL
ePdf Ohnf;af6 h'g;'s} ;dodf d]n ldnfksf]
nflu k7fpg] u/L cfb]z x'g ;Sg]5 .

 d]nldnfk ;DaGwL tflnd lnPsf
d]nldnfkstf{x?n] kIfx?nfO{ ;xdtLdf
k'Ug ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5g\ .
 kIfx?sf] cg'/f]wdf d]nldnfkstf{x? a9Ldf #
hgf;Dd x'g ;S5g\ .
 kIfx? cfkm}n] /f]h]sf JolQm jf ;+:yf
d]nldnfkstf{sf] ?kdf tf]lsG5g\ .
 d]nldnfkstf{n] cg'lrt sfo{ u/]df kIfx?n]
ltgLx?nfO{ kl/jt{g klg ug{ ;S5g\ .
 d]nldnfk k|s[ofsf] ;+rfng kIfx?s} ;xdtLdf
tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf ug{ ;lsG5 .
28
 d]nldnfk ug]{ :yfgdf kIfx?n] cfkm\gf]
sfg"g Joj;foL tyf cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] !÷! hgf
JolQm klg n}hfg kfpmF5g\.
 d]nldnfk u/fpbf cfkm\gf] OR5fn] lbg] afx]s
kIfx?n] cGo s'g} b:t"/ ltg{' kb}{g .
 d]nldnfkåf/f ldnfkq u/fPsf]df aS;f}gL
nfUb}g .
 d]nldnfkstf{sf] k|of;af6 d]nldnfk x'g] ePdf
cbfntaf6 ldnfkq u/fpg' k5{ .
 kIfx?n] rfx]df d]nldnfk k|lqmofaf6 h'g;'s}
cj:yfdf klg cnu x'g ;S5g\ .

 d'2fsf b'j} kIfn] d'2f d]nldnfkaf6 ;dfwfg
u/fpg rfx]df ;f] s'/f vf]nL /lhi6«f/ ;dIf lgj]bg
lbPdf d'2f d]nldnfkdf k7fpg klg ;lsG5 .
-@_ d'2fsf] ldnfkq ;DaGwL Joj:yf
 tf]lsPsf] tf/]vsf] lbg d'2fsf kIfx?
nfO{ 5nkmn u/fO{ GofofwLzn] ldnfkq
u/fpg] k|of; ug]{5g\ .
 Dofb tf/]v u'hf/]sf kIfx? klg ldnfkqsf nflu
pkl:yt x'g cfPdf d'2fdf ;fd]n u/fO{ ldnfkq
u/fpg ;lsG5 .
 d'2fsf b'j} kIfn] rfx]df hlxn];'s} klg ldnfkq
x'g ;Sb5 .
 s'g} klg ljjfbsf] ;xL, ;/n / bLuf] ;dfwfg
ldnfkq x]f . t;y{ d'2fdf ldnfkq ug'{ x/
b[li6sf]0fn] pQd x]f .
-#_ ldnfkqsf nflu cfjZos s'/fx?
 ldnfkq ug{ ;DalGwt kIfsf] pkl:ylt x'g'k5{ .
 kIf cg'kl:yt eP ldnfkq ug{] zt{ ;lxtsf] sfg'g
adf]lhdsf] dGh'/gfdf k]z ug'{ k5{ .
29
ldnfkqsf] nflu b'j} kIfn] ;+o'Qm lgj]bg lbg'
k5{ .
 ldnfkqsf] nflu k]z x'g cfPsf] ;+o'Qm
lgj]bg ;DalGwt kmfF6 jf zfvfdf k]z ug'{kg]
{5.
 

 To;/L ;+o'Qm lgj]bg k]z ePkl5 ;DalGwt
ldl;n ;d]t cWoog u/L ldnfkq x'g ;Sg]
cj:yfsf] b]lvPdf ldnfkqsf nflu Ohnfz ;dIf
k]z ul/g]5 .
 ldnfkq ePsf]df ldnfkq adf]lhd ul/lbPg eGg]
ljifodf afx]s ;f] ldnfkq pk/ s'g} ph'/
 tNnf] cbfntaf6 s}b nfu]sf] d'2fdf ldnfkq
ubf{ s}b dlxgf ! sf] ?=$%.– sf] b/n] /sd
a'emfpg' k5{ .
30

nfUb}g . -%_ d]nldnfk tyf ldnfkqsf kmfObf

 ldnfkq u/L kfpmF egL ;+o'Qm lgj]bg
lbPsf] v08df ;f] d'2fnfO{ k]zLdf cu|flwsf/
lbO{g]5 .
-$_ d'2fsf] ldnfkq x'bf nfUg] sf]6{ lkm jf aS;f}gL
tyf s}b hl/jfgf
 sf]6{ lkm nfUg] d'2fdf aS;f}gL nfUb}g .
 sf]6{ lkm bflvnf ul/ btf{ u/]sf] k'g/fa]bgdf
ldnfkq ubf{ bflvnf ePsf] sf6{ lkm sf] cfwf -!_ km};nf ;DaGwL
k'g/fa]bsn] lkmtf{ kf+pm5 .
 sf6{ lkm sf] ;'lawf lnO{ bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf
ldnfkq x'bf tNnf] txsf] cbfntsf] sf]6{ lkm
sf] ;'lawf lnPsf]df k'/} / ;af]{Rrdf nfUg]
sf]6{ lkm sf] eg] cf3f dfq ltg'{ k5{ .
 sf]6{ lkm gnfUg] k'g/fa]bg txsf] d'2fdf
ldnfkq afkt aS;f}gL ?=@)).– nfU5 . b'a}
kIfn] cfwf cfwf ltg'{ k5{.
 tNnf] cbfntaf6 hl/jfgf nfu]sf] d'2fdf To:tf]
hl/jfgf lt/] kl5 dfq ldnfkq x'G5 .
• ljjfbsf] :yfoL ;dfwfg x'G5 .
• kIfx¿aLr ;dembf/Lsf] ljsf; x'G5 .
• ;fdflhstfsf] efjgf ljsf; x'G5 .
• b'j} kIfn] lht]sf] cg'e"lt ub{5g\ . 
;do, >d / k};fsf] art x'G5 .
kl/R5]b – !%
km};nf / km};nf sfof{Gjog
 d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ e} km};nf ePkl5 ;f]
km};nfsf] ;f/f+z ;f]xL lbg p;}
Ohnfzjf6 ;'gfOg]5 .
 ;'g'jfO{ e} ;s]kl5 klg d'2fsf] hl6ntfn]
ubf{ lg0f{o ;'gfpg yk cWoog jf
GofofwLzx¿ lar yk 5nkmn x'g' kg]{ eO{ ;f]
lbg lg0f{o ;'gfpg g;lsg] ePdf
lg0f{o ;'gfpgsf] nflu a9Ldf Ps dlxgfsf] ;do
tf]sL ;f] ldltdf lg0f{o ;'gfOg] 5 .

 lg0f{o ;'gfpg egL Ps k6s ldlt ls6fg ul/ ;s]
kl5 ;f] ldltnfO{ ;fdfGotM csf]{ k6s k/ ;fl/g]
5}g .
 b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L GofofwLzx¿sf]
Ohnfzjf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cfb]z ;'gfpbf
cg'kl:yt GofofwLzsf] tkm{jf6 ;d]t pkl:yt
GofofwLzjf6 km};nf jf lg0f{o ;'gfO{g] 5 .
t/ GofofwLzx?sf] aLrdf Psdt x'g g;s]df cf–
cfˆgf] lg0f{o cfkm}jf6 ;'gfOg] 5 .
 km};nf ePsf] ldltn] ;fdfGotM ;ft lbgleq
k"0f{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] km};nf tof/ x'g]5 .
31
;fj{hlgs lxt jf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ;dfj]z ePsf] jf
gofF l;¢fGt jf glh/sf] :yfkgf x'g]u/L lg0f{o
ePsf] d'2fdf km};nf ePsf] ldltn] kGw|
lbg ;Dddf km};nf tof/ ul/g]5 .
 km};nf tof/ eO{ gSsn lnO{ ;s]kl5 ;f]
km};nfdf n]vfO{sf] ;fdfGo q'l6
eO{ ;DalGwt kIfn] lgj]bg lbPdf Ohnfzjf6
To:tf km};nf jf cfb]z ;+zf]wg ug]{ u/L 5'§}
cfb]z lbg ;lsg] 5 .
-#_ km};nf jf cfb]z sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL
 ;jf]{Rr cbfntjf6 d'2fdf ePsf] clGtd lg0f{o
tyf l/6 lgj]bgsf ;Gbe{df hf/L ePsf cfb]zsf]

sfof{Gjog gePsf] v08df o; cbfntsf] cg'udg
tyf lg/LIf0f dxfzfvf cGtu{tsf] lg0f{o
sfof{Gjog zfvfdf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
 cGo s'g} cbfntaf6 ePsf] cfb]z jf km};nf
sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g elg ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf]
cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f dxfzfvf cGtu{t lg0f{o
sfof{Gjog zfvfdf lgj]bg lbg ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b – !^
/]vf tyf lnvt k/LIf0f
 cbfnt tyf cGo Goflos lgsfoaf6 cfpg] ljjflbt
lnvtsf] NofKr]5fk, lnlk, x:tfIf/ ;xL, lnkmf
cflb k/LIf0f ug{ ;af]{Rr cbfntdf Ps /]vf tyf
lnvt kl/If0f zfvf /x]sf] 5 .
 /]vf tyf lnvt kl/If0f ubf{ s'g} b:t'/ nfUb}g .
32
 t/ /]vf tyf lnvt kl/If0f ubf{ kmf]6f] lvRg'
kg]{ ePdf ;f] afkt tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] b:t'/
nfU5.
kl/R5]b – !&
;"rgf tyf hg;Dks{ / u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg
-!_ ;"rgf tyf hg;Dks{
 

 cbfntsf] sfd, sf/jfxL ;DaGwdf ;"rgf jf o:tf] ph'/L cbfnt ejgdf /flvPsf] ph'/L k]l6sfdf klg
hfgsf/L lbg Ps ;"rgf tyf hg;Dks{ zfvf /x]sf] v;fNg ;lsg]5, .
5.  o:tf ph'/L pk/ tTsfn sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .
 cbfnt k|of]ustf{n] cfjZos s'/fsf] hfgsf/L ;f]  o:tf ph'/L cfjZostfg';f/ uf]Ko /flvg]5 .
zfvfaf6 lng ;Sg]5g\ .  ph'/L pk/sf] sf/jfxLsf] hfgsf/L lng rfx]df ;jf]
 of] zfvfdf sfof{no ;doleq sd{rf/Lsf] lgoldt {Rr cbfnt k|zf;g zfvf dfkm{t lng ;lsg]5 .
pkl:ylt /xg]5 .
 cfkm\gf] ;d:of v'n:t
/fVg'xf];\, ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
tkfO{nfO{ plrt ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .
 d'2f dfldnf ;DaGwL s'g} klg hfgsf/L
6]lnkmf]g (Hotline) af6 k|fKt ug{ kmf]g
g+= )!^(!@()# df ;Dks{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
 cbfntsf] sfd, sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|jfx
ug{sf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf ;x /lhi6«f/ -kmf]g
g+= )!$@^@#^!_ nfO{ k|jQmf tf]lsPsf] 5 .

-@_ ph'/L tyf u'gf;f] Joj:yfkg

 s'g} sd{rf/L jf cGo s;}n] u/]sf] sfd sf/jfxLdf
lrQ ga'em]df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf lnlvt jf
df}lvs ph'/L ug{ ;lsg]5 .
 cbfntsf] sfd sf/afxL ;DaGwdf s'g} u'gf;f]
ePdf kmf]g g+= )!$@!@!)$ dfkm{t ;d]t
ph'/L ug{ ;lsg]5.

33
 

34
 cg';"rL

;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;]jf k|jfx a8fkq

qm= k]z ug'{ jf pkl:yt k]z u'gf;f] ;'Gg]
sfo{ ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg{] sfuhftx? nfUg] b:t'/ lhDd]jf/ clwsf/L
;= x'g'kg{] zfvf÷kmfF6 ug{] ;do clwsf/L
• /Ltk"j{ssf] k'g/fj]bg kq ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
• Dofb kfPsf]df tfd]nL k|lt d'v
• gSsn k|fKt u/]sf] ldlt v'Ng] ;'? / k'g/fj]bg txsf] / ;x /lhi6«f/
km};nfsf] k|i6 a'lemg] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk -sf]7f g+= ^_
• sf]6{ kmL, b08 hl/jfgf ltg{'kg{] eP lt/]sf] /l;b jf
• sf]6{ kmL nfUg]df ;'?
km};nf jdf]lhdsf] ;hfo ef]u]sf] jf ef]lu/x]sf] jf ;f] jfkt
s=k'g/fj]bgkq k'g/fj]bg btf{ zfvf sf]6{ kmL sf] !%Ü ck/fGx # ah] /lhi6«f/
w/f}6 jf hdfgt lbPsf] lg:;f,
btf{ -e'O tnfsf] jLrsf] xn_ • sf]6{kmL gnfUg]df leq -sf]7f g+= !_
• lakIfLnfO{ sf]6{ kmL e/fpg' kg{] eP ;f] sf] w/f}6
k'g/fj]bg b:t'/ ?=!)).–
/fv]sf] /l;b
!
• k'g/fj]bg kqsf] ! k|lt gSsn
• k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] :ki6 j'lemg]
gSsn / ;Ssn cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t gful/stf jf kl/ro
v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk
• /Ltk"j{ssf] lnvt k|ltjfb /lhi6«f/
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
• k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn -sf]7f g+= !_
;DalGwt ldl;n /xsf] sfof{no ;do d'v
v= lnlvt k|ltjfb cfkm};Fu ?= !).–
kmfF6 leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -
x'g]df ;f] ;d]t
sf]7f g+= ^_
• gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk
• /Ltk"j{ssf] /L6 lgj]bg /lhi6«f/
• k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn -sf]7f g+= !_
cfkm};Fu
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
x'g]df ;f] ;d]t • alGbk|ToIfLs/0fsf] l/6
s= l/6 lgj]bg l/6 btf{ kmfF6 ck/fGx # ah] d'v
• l/6 lgj]bg kq # k[i7 eGbf al9 eP /Ltk"j{ssf] ;f/ ; lgj]bgdf s'g} b:t'/ gnfUg] .
btf{ -sf]7f g+= @#_ leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -
+If]kLs/0f • cGo l/6 lgj]bgdf ?= %)).
sf]7f g+= ^_
• hlt ljkIfL agfO{Psf 5g\ Tolt k|lt lgjb]g l/6 lgj]bg
@ kqsf] gSsn
• gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk
• /Ltk"j{ssf] lnlvt hjfkm
• k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
v= lnlvt hjfkm cfkm};Fu ck/fGx $=#) d'v /lhi6«f/
ldl;n /x]sf] kmfF6 ?= %).–
btf{ x'g]df ;f] ;d]t ah] leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
sf]7f g+= ^_
• tfd]nL Dofbsf] k|lt
 • lnlvt hjfkm # k[i7 eGbf a9L eP ;f/ ;+If]kLs/0f
# • /Ltk"j{ssf] d'2f bf]xf]¥ofO{ kfpF eGg] lgj]bg kq
• gSsn k|fKt u/]s]f ldlt v'Ng] ;'? / k'g/fj]bg txsf]
km};nfs]f k|i6 a'lemg] k|ltlnlk
s= d'2f bf]xf] ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
k'g/fj]bg btf{ zfvf • km};nfsf] hgfp kfPsf]df hgfp kq
¥ofO{ kfpF ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
-e'O tnfsf] aLrsf] • sf]6{ kmL, b08 hl/jfgf lt'g{kg{] eP lt/]sf] /l;b ?=!)).
eGg] lgj]bg leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
xn_ • k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn
btf{ sf]7f g+= ^_
cfkm};Fu
x'g]df ;]f ;d]t
• gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk

 /Ltk"j{ssf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/L kfpF eGg] lgj]bg kq

 gSsn k|fKt u/sf] ldlt v'Ng] z'?, k'g/fj]bg / ;jf{]Rr alGbk|ToIfLs0fsf] l/6
cbfntsf] km};nfs]f k|i6 a'lemg] k|ltlnlk km};nfsf]  ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
v= k'g/fjnf]sg lgj]bgdf
k'g/fj]bg btf{ zfvf  hgfp kfPsf]df hgfp kq ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
u/L kfpF lgj]bg s'g} b:t'/ gnfUg] .
-e'O tnfsf] aLrsf] xn_  sf]6{ kmL, b08 hl/jfgf lt'g'kg{] eP lt/]s]f /l;b k]z  leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
btf{ cGo l/6 lgj]bgdf ?=
 ug'{kg{] glh/ / k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn  sf]7f g+= ^_
%)).– d'2fsf] eP ?= !)).–
cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t
 gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk
 /Ltk"j{ssf] k'g/fj]bgsf] cg'dltsf] lgj]bg
 lgj]bg kq ;'? / k'g/fj]bg txsf] km};nfsf] k|i6 ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
u= k'g/fj]bgsf] a'lemg] k|ltlnlk
k'g/fj]bg btf{ zfvf  ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
cg'dltsf] lgj]bg sf]6{ kmL, b08 hl/jfgf ltg'{kg{] eP lt/]sf] /l;b ?= !)).–
-e'O tnfsf] aLrsf] xn_  leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
btf{ k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn sf]7f g+= ^_
 cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;]f ;d]t
gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk
3= c=a+= !&  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq
g+= sf] lgj]bg,  h'g cfb]z pk/sf] lgj]bg xf] ;f] sf] k|i6 j'lemg] k|ltlnlk
cbfntsf] ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
cax]ngfsf]
lgj]bg  k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn
cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
lgj]bg, btf{ kmfF6 - ?= %.–
 gful/stf jf kl/ro v'Ng] sfuhsf] k|ltlnlk leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
b/lk7 tyf sf]7f g+= *_
sf]7f g+= ^_
/lhi6«f/sf] cfb]z
pk/sf] ph'/L btf{
$  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg - ;+o'Qm b/vf:t_ kq ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
ldnfkqsf] lgj]bg ;DalGwt ldl;n /x]s]f  jf/]z dfkm{t eP /Ltk"j{ssf] clVof/gfdf ;lxtsf] ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
?= %.–
-b/vf:t_ kmfF6  dGh'/gfdf k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
gSsn / ;Ssn cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t sf]7f g+= ^_
% k'g/fj]bg jf  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
lgj]bg kq ;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f  jf/]z dfkm{t eP /Ltk"j{ssf] clVof/gfdf ;lxtsf] ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
?= %.–
lkmtf{sf] kmfF6  dGh'/gfdf k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
lgj]bg btf{ gSsn / ;Ssn cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t sf]7f g+= ^_
^ h=ld=sf] !) 
g+= adf]lhdsf] 
afnL / c+=a+=
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
!&! s= / /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq
!&! v= g+= ;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn ?= %.–
adf]lhdsf] ;Dkl kmfF6 leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ - -sf]7f g+= !_
cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t
Q /f]Ssf sf]7f g+= ^_
km's'jfsf]
lgj]bg btf{
&  /Ltk"j{ss]f lgj]bg kq ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
;sf/gfdfsf] ;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f  k]z ug{] sfuhftx? d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq, gftf k| ck/fGx # ah] d'v /lhi6«f/
?= %.–
lgj]bg btf{ kmfF6 dfl0ft :yfgLo lgsfosf] l;kmfl/; cflb eP ;f] sf] leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
gSsn / ;Ssn cfkm};Fu x'g]df ;f] ;d]t -sf]7f g+= ^_

• /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq
u'h]|sf] Dofb, • k]z ug{] k|df0f sfuhftx? eP ;f] sf] gSsn / ;Ssn
tf/]v yfdL ;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f cfkm};Fu sfof{no ;dol ;DalGwt zfvf /lhi6«f/
* ?= %.–
kfpmF eGg] kmfF6 x'g]df ;f] ;d]t eq k|d'v -sf]7f g+= !_
lgj]bg btf{ • c=a+= ^@ g+= cGtu{tsf] lgj]bg eP :yfgLo lgsfo
jf ;/sf/L c•faf6 Joxf]/f v'nfOPsf] lg:;f
(= • /Ltk"j{ssf] jf/];dfgf -c=a+=^% g+= df pNn]lvt
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
Joxf]/f k'u]sf] _
;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f sfof{no ;do d'v /lhi6«f/
jf/];gfdf btf{ • clws[t jf/];gfdfsf] xsdf ;Ssn b]vfO{ gSsn k]z ug'kg{] s'g} b:t'/ nfUb}g .
kmfF6 leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
• ;+3 ;+:yf nufotsf sfg"gL JolQmsf] tkm{jf6 jf/];gfdf
-sf]7f g+= ^_
lbbf ;f] ;+:yfn] clVtof/ lbPsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk
!) • /Ltk"j{ssf] jsfntgfdf ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f • y'g'jfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt sf/fuf/n] k|df0fLt u/]s]f 5fk sfof{no ;dol d'v /lhi6«f/
jsfntgfdf btf{ ?= %.–
kmfF6 nfu]s]f jsfntgfdf eq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
-sf]7f g+= ^_
!! lgj]bg -cfkm}n] n]v]sf]_ b:t'/
• /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq ?= %.– lgj]bg -c•fn] 5fk]sf]_ ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
b:t'/ ?= !).– k|ltkfgf -cfkm\g}
gSsn kfpF eGg] ;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f • ;jf{]Rrsf] km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf] gSsn afx]s cGodf lbgsf] # d'v /lhi6«f/
tkm{af6 ;fg{]_ ? @.–
lgj]bg btf{ kmfF6 kIfx? ah]leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
k|lt kfgf -c•faf6 ;fg{] _
afx]ssf] lgj]bgsf] xsdf ;/f]sf/jfnf ePsf] k|df0f b:t'/ ? #.– -sf]7f g+= ^_
k|fyldstf b:t'/ ?= !).–
!@ tf/]v krf{df ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
;DalGwt ldl;n /xs]f tf]lsPsf] d'v /lhi6«f/
tf/]v÷k]zL  tf/]v krf{ s'g} b:t'/ nfUb}g. ;do
kmfF6 / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
-sf]7f g+= ^_
!# • dfnkf]tsf] d"Nof+sgn] vfDg] h]yf pNn]v
c=a+= !(#, !($ ePsf] /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
g+= sf] h]yf ;DalGwt lnvt • h]yf hdfgt lbg] JolQm cfkm} pkl:yt x'gkg]{ jf
sfof{no ;dol d'v /lhi6«f/
hdfgt /flv kfpF btf{ x'g] jf ldl;n clws[t jf/]; ?= %.–
eq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
eGg] /x]sf] kmfF6 • hUuf wgL k|df0fk"hf{, rfn' cf=j sf] lt/f]
lgj]bg btf{ -sf]7f g+= ^_
a'emfPsf] /l;bsf] ;Ssn / ;DalGwg hUufsf] k|dfl0ft k|
ltlnlk  ;e{] gS;fsf] k|ltlnlk
;fKtflxsaf6 cl3Nnf] ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
k]zL :ylut xKtfsf] d'v /lhi6«f/
!$ k]zL Joj:yfkg zfvf  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg kq ?= %.
ul/kfpF eGg] a'waf/ leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
lgj]bg btf{ -sf]7f g+= ^_
b}lgs k]zL :ylut ljxfg !)=#)
!% u/L kfpm eGg] ;+jlGwt Ohnf;  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg ?= % leq
lga]bg
;fKtflxs cl3Nnf] ;+jlGwt zfvf k|
k]lz :ylut u/L xKtfsf] d'v /lhi6«f/
!^ kfpm k]lz Aoa:yfkg zfvf  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg ?= %
a'waf/ leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
eGg] lga]bg -sf]7f g+= ^_
;+jlGwt zfvf k|
sfof{no ;do d'v /lhi6«f/
!& cGo lgj]bgx? ;DalGwt kmf+6  /Ltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg lgj]bg b:t'/ ?= %.–
leq / ;x /lhi6«f/ -sf]7f g+= !_
-sf]7f g+= ^_