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A. BASIC STRUCTURES

1. Active Voice: S (sự vật mới) + V (động từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + O (sự vật cũ)

- A new stadium replaced a number of houses along the coast.

- Some factories took the place of many trees on the right bank of the river.

2. Passive Voice: O (sự vật cũ) + was/ were + PII (replaced/ removed/ demolished/
knocked down...+ by/ to make way for/ to give way to + S (sự vật mới)

- The old shopping center was demolished to make way for several offices and a
university.

- The industrial complex was extended towards the South.

3. There + be + N (danh từ miêu tả sự thay đổi) + of something

- There was an appearance of a cinema in the place of the art centre in the west of the
village.

- There was an extension of the industrial complex towards the South.

B. COMPLEX STRUCTURES

1. While + S1 + V1 (tense), S2 + V2 (tense)

- While the old shopping center was demolished, there was an appearance of several
offices and a university in the 2000s.

2. Relative clause

- The derelict warehouse which was situated in the north of the lakeside near theold
town was knocked down to give way to a car park.

C. VOCABULARY

1. Position

North-West North North-East

West East

South-West South South-East

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B A is to the north of B A is in the south of B

Along Dọc theo

Next to = be adjacent to Bên cạnh

Near Gần với

2. Common verbs

Verb Noun

Describe location be situated in | located in situation | location

destroy destruction

demolish demolition

Describe destruction cut down cutting down

knock down knocking down

remove removement

introduce Introduction

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add addition
Describe introduction

erect erection
construct construction

build building

expand expansion

become bigger in size

Describe changes in size become smaller in size

shrink shrinking

enlarge enlargement

replace replacement

Describe replacement make | give way | room for

build in place of

repurpose
Describe changes in use
renovate renovation

Describe changes
relocate relocation
in location

stay | remain
No change unchanged | intact | the
same

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A. Common nouns

English Vietnamese

accommodation chỗ ở, nhà cửa

residential areas khu dân cư

green space khu cây xanh (công viên)

apartment buildings khu chung cư

railway line đường sắt

industrial zone khu công nghiệp

appearance = emergence sự xuất hiện

facilities = amenities = infrastructure cơ sở vật chất, cơ sở hạ tầng

river bank bờ sông

B. Language for prediction

S + to be (tense) + predicted | planned | anticipated | expected | proposed + to V

Example:
To the West of the main hall, a large leisure pool is planned to replace the outdoor courts

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