SOCIÉTÉ DES NATIONS. LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

0 1919.
HEALTH
12.3

(Maajl I ^ Dossier No. fLL

No. 270 Roooivod by

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 Minutes.
11253) .r
lis
Transfer of the International iuhafic Health Office
to the League of Hâtions.

/i

& o
i U
Lord R. Cecil.

The first part of this paper merely demonstrates what an

ineffective affair the- existing Inernational Health Office is,
, .issue a Bulletin.
&
your attention. In
british
might be the sphere of
s
delegation,
,e^ jj0 sugges-t;g an organisa-
paris. to the Organisation of the
as why this new body should be
r.

triss
a Paris for meeting of the
a
aise the question of its
also
hope to be-able to pro-
repare the Treaty for the new
sing committee meet in London
to me wise and desirable, I
nd the Secretary General before

With the compliments of the Secretary

ed) P.J. Baker.
of the British Delegation to the Peace

Conference. But how will all this

d) Robert Cecil.

iscussed the position with,

hat happens at the meetings
are now taking place.
nsidered by the economic
II if »
1919.
X %J X O. ly
J-çY I am
_L CU.il much in favour
iilLLOJUL J.JJL XCV U LU. of a
Ui Ci»
ft .e general lines as the Labour

E.Drummond.
 Minutes.
11253)
/^S

Transfer of the International Lnl^fic Health Office

to the League of Hâtions.

9
hj 70
Lord R. Cecil.

The first part of this paper merely demonstrates what an

ineffective affair the* existing Inernational Health Office is,
its -unique function seems to he to issue a Bulletin.

The second
part, however, is worth your attention. In
it Dr. Stee^man shows what he thinks might he the sphere of
action of a new League Health Office. He suggests an organisa¬
tion which very closely correspond to the Organisation of the
Labour Convention, and gives reasons why this new hody should he
established, if possible, this year,

He and Dr. Buchanan are for a'meeting of the

now in Paris
existing "Office" and propose to raise the question of its
transference to the League. They also hope to he-able to pro¬
pose an organising committee to prepare the Treaty'for the new
hody, ana suggest that this organising committee meet in London
as soon as possible, This seems to me wise and desirable, I
suggest that they should see you. and the Secretary General before
they leave Paris.

30.5.19 (Signed) P.-J. Baker.

By all means if I can find time, But how will all this
fit in with the Red Cross'League,
(Signed) Robert Cecil. ai

I have seen .Dr. Buchanan and discussed the position with

him. ,Ve must wait till we know what happens at the
meetings
of the Public Health Office which are now taking place.

The question should then be considered by the Economic

Social Bureaux Section. Personally I am much in favour of a
Health Office organized on the same general lines as the Labour
Office.

7.6.19. (Signed) E.Drummond.

revision.
11253

Dr. Buchanan,

Before discussing what steps would 'be necessary to

transfer the International Public Health Office to the League
of Hâtions its present position and the r- les under which it
was originally constituted must be considered.

Apparently the first definite proposal to create an

international office was ade at the Sanitary Conference held
in Paris in 1903-when certain reservations were made by the
British delegates. These reservations were subsequently
withdrawn for political reasons. At the Sanitary Conference
in Paris in May, 1907 the proposal was again brought forward
and it was decided to hold a preliminary conference in Home to
consider it. The Local Government Board ?/as requested by the
Treasury to say whether it was considered desirable, on grounds
other than political, that the Government should be represented
at this Home Conference. Considerable correspondence on the
subject took place and eventually it was decided that this
country should be represented and delegates were appointed. The
conference to consider the proposal to create an international
office of public health and draw up rules for its constitution
was held in Home in December, 1907, and was attended by the
representatives of thirteen countries, twelve of whom signed the
agreement that was finally approved.

The main instructions given to

the British delegates were
not to commit the Government to any
definite scheme and only to
sign any conclusions that might be arrived at "ad referendum";"
to press for a rule that should enable countries not parties to
the 1903 convention to belong to the Office; and not to agree to
anything that should give the Office power to interfere in any
way with the internal administration of any country.

The
agreement was afterwards ratified by the various states
represented at the conference, and the arrangement and bye-laws thai
approved have not been materially altered and are the authority
under which the office acts. They are contained in the formal
arrangement, -the organic bye-laws ( "statutj^organique^ ) and the
rules of the committee, and may be briefly summarised as follows

1. The Arrangement.

This consists of 8 Articles.

By Article 1 the contracting parties agree to found and

maintain the Office with headquarters in Paris.

Article that the Office will carry out its

2 states
functions under the
authority and supervision of a committee
consisting of delegates of the contracting parties and that the
duties and powers of the committee are determined by the bye-Jaws
attached to the Arrangement and considered as forming an integral
part of it.

Article 3 and 4 deal with finance.

Article 5 reserves to the contracting parties the right to

make by joint agreement any alteration in the arrangement which
may be shown to be useful by experience.

Article 6 allows
governments not signatory to the original
arrangement to be admitted to the Office.

Article 7 ended when the arrangement was ratified.

Article 8,
revision....
 %
states that the arrangement was made for a period
Article 8
of seven and was to continue for further periods of seven
years
years between such states as should not have notified one year
before the expiration of each seven year period their intention
of not continuing.

It would seem from this last Article, that the Office,

being now in the fifth year of its second seven-year period,
1 must continue to exist under its present statues, if no alteration
is made, till the end of 1921.

The "statuts organiques" define more or less in detail

the functions and powers of the Office and the means whereby
its work is to be carried out.

It is clearly laid down in Article 2 that the Office is

not to interfere in bxtj way in the internal administration of
the different states, that it is to be independent of the
authorities of the state in which it has its headquarters and
that it is to correspond directly with the health authorities
of the various countries.

Article o gives to the French Government the duty of

taking such steps as may be necessary to have the Office
recognised as "an institution of public utility".

This point may possibly be of greater importance in the

near future than it originally appeared, for it might be
claimed under it that any proceedings to bring the Office under
the control of the League of Hâtions would have to be negotiated
by the French Government.

The representation and relative voting power of the

various countries are not very well defined in the bye-laws.
The international committee mentioned in the second article of
the arrangement is to consist of one representative of each
state, but apparently the voting power of each state is to be
based on the amount of its annual contribution to the expenses
of the Office (Article 6).

The States sending representatives to the Office are

divided into six classes and contribute to the expenses on a
basis calculated at the rate of so many units for the members of
each separate class. The total annual expenditure was fixed at
150,000 francs per annum. A certain amount of this is placed to
a reserve fund which is to be invested and must not exceed the
amount of the annual expenditure. A further sum is to be set
aside annually to secure retiring pensions for the paid members
of the Office staff.

The work of the appear to be strictly limited

Office would
under Bye-laws to meeting at least once a year and to collect¬
the
ing and publishing at least once a month information on the
subject of public health. It would seem to have no power to
act or even to advise as a representative body.

Article 4 clearly says that the main object of the Office

is to collect and bring to the knowledge of the participating
statesfects and information of general interest in connection
with public health, particularly those relating to infectious
diseases, especially cholera, plague, and yellow fever, together
with the measures taken to deal with them.

The information is to be brought to the notice of the

participating states by means of a Bulletin or by special eommuni-
cation (Articles 9 and 10).

The.....

revision....
I
ç
V"

The regulations governing the committee were drawn up

fey the committee itself after the ratification of the
Arrangement and Organic Statutes. Various minor alterations
have "been made or added since. It is not necessary to
discuss them. They deal chiefly with the internal administra¬
tion of the Office and at considerable length with the rules
governing the conduct of the paid staff in Paris. The
Committee itself can make alterations in these rules and
regulations, but any such alterations must he reported to
the participating states aA cannot take effect without their
approval.. In the same way the Committee must draw up its
annual estimate and statement of expenditure, but it is not
quite clear whether the actuals details of expenditure must
be approved by the participating states if they ware within the
limit of the total annual sum agreed
(Organic Statutes;
Article 15).

The
foregoing summary is necessary to understand the
present official position of the Office International, and it
is obvious that the facts themselves will have to be
carefully
considered in detail before any definite proposals can be set
out for bringing the Office within the jurisdiction
of the *
League of Nations.

That it should be so brought in, or that some more or

less similar body should be
constituted to deal with matters
affecting international public health does not admit of
question.

It appears from the convention of the League that

under Article 24 certain
existing bodies (of which the
Office may be taken to be one) may, if the parties to the
treaties consent, come under the League, but that all subse¬
quently established must do so, If the parties do not
desire for the Office to come in It apparently has a
right
to continue for another 2-|- years, and in this case
assuming
that another body was set up there would be two
acting inde¬
pendently of each other for practically the same objects,

revision....
 iP

I
do not think that it would be wise to attempt to
transfer the Office to the League immediately on the plea that
this is necessary in order that it could at once deal with
epidemics, like the typhus in Eastern Europe, or other tempor¬
ary conditions now existing. The Office has at present
neither the machinery or power to carry out any such function.
To put this work on to it without giving it the means to do it
would result in failure, and its reorganisation under the
League, with the best will in the world, must take1time.

I suggest that the

answer to Mr. Baker's first inquiry
is that the first
step towards transferring the Office to the
League is to secure that its future position under the new
international conditions is carefully considered by the repre¬
sentatives of all the states at present joined in the Office.
No formal meeting of the Office has been held during the war,
though its routine work has'continued and the Bulletin has been
reguïarly issued, At the forthcoming meeting to be held in
Paris early in June, however, the Office should be asked to
discuss the matter and decide whether it is desirable that it
should itself come under the
League of Bâtions and that the
constituent nations should be invited to signify assent
to this
course. If, as would appear likely, the ans?/er is in the
affirmative, subsequent meetings' of all or some of the delegates
should be held, preferably in London as Mr. Baker
suggests, to
draw up a scheme under which the Office
might become something
more than a useful international debating society with a
record-collecting department.

This might be strongly pressed by the British repre¬

sentatives inJune and it is hoped they can be backed by
thb
Americans and the French.

It is obvious that if some two or three of the chief

allied powers say they wish the Office to come as soon as
practicable under the League of Bâtions, and so instruct their
representatives, the rest must follow, they could hardly hold
out for another 2-f- years nominal existence and then extinction.

The chief
difficulty in this will probably lie in
persuading the Committee of the Office to delegate so important
a matter to a few persons. But this ould be made easier if
the British delegates can urge fa) that they propose that all
functions at present exercised by the Office will
continue, (b)
additional functions recommended by the sub-committee will be
embodied in a draft circulated before the
Washington meeting
and that if the new constitution proposed
is accepted at
/ashington it will be subject to some referendum to the consti¬
tuent Powers.

A practical argument for

getting the new Constitution
settled this year is that it will next year be an urgent matter
to revise the Paris Convention
regarding cholera, yellow fever
and plague. This Convention, with its elaborate rules for the
conduct of
quarantine in the Eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea,
etc. is quite out of date by reason of the changes produced by
the war and the disappearance, actual or
impending, of the
Inter ational Boards at Constantinople and Alexandria. Before
the end of the year the new
powers responsible for sanitary
measures in the Eastern ports
will, we hope, be settled, and a
new Convention on modern lines of medical
knowledge will then
be practicable. If the Office is an active body, not a
moribund one, it can be of the greatest service in this matter.

In
regard to the second of Mr. Baker's heads it should in
the first instance be pointed out that many international health
matters might in theory be undertaken by the newly constituted

Office...

revision....
 I "■> >

Office but that unless practical methods are adopted for dealing
with them but little can be hoped for.

Under the
present constitution of the Office any state
may join and send
a delegate to its meetings, but it must be
remembered that health conditions vary in different countries
and that whilst sanitary administration is highly efficient
in some, it cannot be said to exist in others except perhaps in
a
paper code. Doubtless under the League all nations belonging
to it will expect to be represented on all bodies in connection
with it, and any bureau or office appointed to deal with inter¬
national matters of health would form no exception. Such a
body might well attend annual conferences, but it would be too
large and varied to deal practically with practical questions,
lor must it be forgotten that various international societies and
institutes already exist, many of which are concerned with matters!
that have a definite bearing on the wider ouestions of public
health.

It is difficult, without discussion, to set out any definite

views as to what can be expected in the way of international co¬
operation in matters of health under the League, but the follovn.ng:
suggestions may perhaps be taken as a basis for consideration.
A clearly organised department of international
public
health should be established under the League with
headquarters
either in Paris or London. With certain modifications and
additions the present constitution of the Office International
dTHygiene Publique might be adopted for the new body. All «■
nations joined in the League should have appointed representatives
on this body, but the number of representatives of the greater
powers should be larger than those of countries less advanced in
sanitary administration. It would be the duty of these repre¬
sentatives, authorised by their respective governments, to attend
meetings and send and receive inf orms/fcion as at present. This
routine work could be carried out by means of the
existing
machinery of the Office, which should be continued.

Within this
larger body there should be a smaller one to act
as permanent executive committee.
a This committee should be in
a position to meet regularly at
short intervals and have wider
powers to act and advise than those possessed by the present
Office.

All matters that

public health coming before "he
concern

League at any time might

be referred by the Secretary-General to
this executive committee.
It would obviously be impossible on
any such small body to have representatives qualified to deal with
all questions that might be referred to
it, but they would
certainly be fully competent to select the proper experts from
whom to obtain advise. This committee therefore should have
power to call in for consultation technical assistance from out¬
side the actual state representatives. This technical advice
would not be limited to persons solely connected with
sanitary
administration, for some public
health problems are not entirely
limited to medicine and certain
diseases, anthrax for instance
closely affect trading and international commerce. Briefly
this executive committee would be a sort of standing
advisory
body, always available, which would inquire into matters of
urgency concerning international public health and report
quickly to the governing body of the League.

Amongst the other functions of the new Office the following

may be suggested to start with:-

1. To prepare a list of existing international conventions

and agreements on health matters and to suggest any necessary

revision....
 I -3 ^ .

revision of
V '
them, and any additional conventions which seem
required.

2. To take over, so far as official international action

is concerned, the work of existing societies or congresses,
which deal in any way with the promotion of general
under¬
standings relating to medicine or public health, such, for
instance, as those dealing with international statistics, causes
of death, pharmacopoeia! formulas for potent
drugs, etc.
3. To consider international arrangements regarding the
medical inspection of aliens.

4. unification of administration of port sanitary

authorities and quarantine regulations.

5.
Regulations for the sanitary supervision of undevel¬
oped countries under the mandate of one state that might
possible also affect inhabitants of regions under the mandate
of another, such for instance as pilgrimages.

6. Regulations for preventing the spread of

epidemic or
endemic diseases amongst the natives of undeveloped portions
of adjoining colonies belonging to different states. Some
such regulations with international power to carry them out
effectually are badly needed for the French and British
possessions in ./est Africa, and probably also elsewhere.

The question of the position of the Red Cross Societies

in relation to international public health is not mentioned"
in Mr. Baker's letter, but as these societies are now
officially recognised by the League as being concerned in
health matters it is that will have to be considered.
one
It cannot well be discussed now, but if it is clearly under¬
stood that there is a fundemental difference between an inter¬
national government body such as the future Office will be and
a voluntary organisation such as the Red Cross is, depending on
voluntary subscriptions for the means to carry out its work,
there is no doubt that co-operation between the two
might be
of very great advantage to both.

The expert advice of the executive committee should be

available for the Red Cross, and the various societies forming
the Red Cross might frequently be in a position to
carry out
on a voluntary basis measures that could not be undertaken as
effectually by official enactments.

EDWARD J. STEEGMAOT.
•

. - •■■■ . "• ' ■ .

!
Oi^rvatlp.ns cjffl.tfta Hftil pf tftf
jetions
n/ Office.... Int^rnaUonuI lW,S. • X
f~ . ... ..

aqd its the Leaffl^, Af.

lA&m*

m® future of the Office, and lia relation to the

League of lations » say wi te advantage be considered

at the present moment, It is probable that delegates
may soon be asked by their Governments to state their

views on this question. Certainly this demand will

be made of tee British delegates on their return from

this session of the Committee. The British Govern*

aient is not only closely concerned with the develop*

sent of the League of Mations, but it is also actively

developing new measure® for the improvement of the

health of the people. ministry of Health is being
established among the ministries of first rank, and the
policy of that Ministry in international questions of
public health must be considered and determined as soon

as possible.

1 venture to propose to my colleagues that at tee

present session it would be useful to ua all, a« dele*

gates, without speaking for our respective Governments,
frankly to interchange, our personal views on the

following questions:»

The League of Mations, in pursuance of Article

XXIII (f) of the Convention (quoted below, Appendix 1}
and in view also of Article XXIV and XXV ef. the

Convention, will need expert -advice from m inter*

national body representative of medical administration,

in regard to the action which should be taken by the

League under those Articles, Is it desirable that tee
Office International d'Hygiène Publique should share
in this work?

(2) If the answer to (1) la affirmative, ie it desir¬

able, or will it be possible, for the'Off ice to continue

to
 work under its present Convention and statutes, and at
the «use time to give any effective aid to the league

of nations'? In this connection I note below (Appendix Z

soib© of the subjects on which the 3«#*eiary-General of

the league may be expected to need expert medical advice

at an early date,

(3) Alternatively# is it in principle desirable that

steps should be taken to enlarge the functions of the

Office, to revise its statutes, and place it under the

league of Mations in conformity with Article XXXV of

the Convention?

(4) In that ease, what principal safeguards are neeeee

»sry to secure that none of the advantage» of the pre¬

sent Office are lost in the nm system?

{£>} In the event of the - question of creating an officiai-

bureau of health for the league of Sations being brought
to the notice of the Goverrraente concerned at an early

date by the Secretary-General, or toy any of the Powers,

is it desirable that immediate action should toe taken

to secure that any such proposal la remitted to the

*■

Office international d*Hygiène Publique to consider how

effect may toe given to'it?

( Sgd. ) S.S. BOOHAMJUi.

Estel -Mai»®tie,

*2 June 1919,

AaRW&U-k

Extracts from the Covenant of the league

»
of Hâtions.

Article XXXXI (f). . ,

Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of

international conventions existing or hereafter to be

agreed
 agreed upon, the Members of the League
»

will endeavour to take stipe in matters of inter»

national concern for the prevention and control

of disease.

There shall he placed under the direction of the

League all international bureaux already established by

general treaties if the parties to such treaties consent.

All such international bureaux and all eonwiaeioa* for

the regulation of «tatters of international interest here¬

after constituted shall be piabed under the direction of

the League.

In all matters of international interest which are

regulated by general conventions but which are not placed

under the control of international bureaux or com lseioae

the Secretariat of the League shall, subject to the. eo£-

sent of the Council and if desired by me parties, col¬

lect and distribute all relevant information and shall

reader any other assistance which may be necessary or

desirable.

The Council may include as part of the expenses of

the secretariat the expenses of any bureau or eossaieeioit

which is placed under the direction of the League.

Article XIV.

The lembere of the League agree to encourage and

promote the establishment and co-operation of duly

authorised voluntary national Led Cross organisations

having as purposes tie improvement of health, the pre¬

vention of disease and the mitigation of suffering

»

throughout the world.

 />
MsmÊUJl*

k note of some subjects relating to international

measurea of health on which the League of Hâtions teay

need guidance and advice from an official international

bureau of health.

(1) the necessity of conferences to consider revision

of. existing conventions, e.g. thoou relating to cholera,

yellow fever and plague, quarantine, pilgrimages, etc,

(S) "lie need for now convention® or international

agreements on Jieulth questions, e,g. the nomenclature

of diseases for statistical purposes; the classification

of causes of death; the strength of poisonous drugs

and the standardisation of serums ; anthrax prevention.

(35 The nature of international, action which is

practicable or desirable for the prevention of «pidemids

■*
or of tuberculosis and venerea! disease®.

(4) The practical results of international arrangements

on health methods.

2nd June, 1919.

- h - - '• ' - -
V --Vf? --o- •'•
 Quelques observations relatives aux - attributions futures
de l'Office International d'hygiène publique et à
ses rapports avec la Société des Nations,

L'avenir de ce bureau, et ses rapports avec la Société

des Nations peuvent très avantageusement être étudies en ce

moment. Il est à prévoir que les délégués seront prochainement

consultés à cet effet per leur gouvernements respectifs. Cer¬
tainement on posera cette question aux délégués britanniques a

leur retour de cette.réunion du Comité. Hon seulement le

gouvernement britannique est-il otroi tome rit associe a la creation

de la Société des Nations, mais il s'occupe activement à l'heure
actuelle du développement de mesures nouvelles ayant pour but

l'amélioration de la santé publique, On est en train de con¬

stituer un I.inistère d'hygiène publique, ministère dB premier
importance , et la politique à suivre par ce Kinistère au sujet
des questions internationales d'hygiène publique devra etre
étudiés et réglée le plus tot possible.
J'ose proposer à rues collègues d'échanger franchement,
et a titre purement efficieusq nos opinions personelles sur les
questions suivantes. L'échange de ces vues a cette reunion
est d'une utilité évidente.

1. La Société des Hâtions, selon Article XXIII (f) du

pacte (voir ci-dessous, Annexe II) et aussi par les Articles XXIV
et XXV, cura besoin d'obtenir des avis techniques émanent d'un
office international représentant lets administrateurs sanitaires,
afin le pouvoir statuer sur les mesures à prendre, selon les
articles du Pacte. ferait-il désirable que l'Office inter¬

national d'hygiène publique participe à ce .travail?

2. Si le réponse est affirmative, est-il désirable, ou

possible, que l'office continue a fonctionner aved la Convention

et
 AÏ

et ley statut» actuels, et lui 3 era-1-il possicle de px ©tex

aide efficace à la Société des nations?
Dans cet ordre d'idées, j'ai noté (Annexe l) quelque s -
un des questions dont le Secretariat Général de la v.ooiéoe,
demandera sans doute la solution prochaine par des experts,
3. Alternativement, pr^nd.e
conviendrait-il en pi incijjo de
des mesures afin d'élargir les attributions de l'Office d'hygiène

publique, d'en corriger les statuts, et de le soumettre a la

réglementation de la Société dot dations conformément à l'article
XXIV du pacte?

4. Dans oe cas, quelles seraient les mesures à prendre

pour empêcher la perte des avantages du système actuel sous le
nouveau régime?
50 Dans le cas où le secrétaire-général ou un des Pouvoirs «
membres signalerait prochainement aux gouvernements intéressés
la è-ice s si té do créer un bureau officiai de santé sous la
Société des Hâtions, serait-il utile de prendre les mesures
immédiates afin que toute proposition do cette nature soit

référée à notre Offioe International pour étudier comment en peu o

y donner suite'

(Signé) G, S. DUCT "Ali All.

Ho tel laject^o,
3 juin 1919.
ft

AhllLLCl I.

bote sur certaines questions ayant rapport aux mesures

sanitaires internationales pour laque3.1s3 la Société des Hâtions

pourrait r é 01 aner l'aide et le conseil d'un "bureau international

officiel de santé et d'hygiène publique,
1. Ta nécessité dss conférences pour examiner la modi¬
fication de conventions actuelles - par exemple, celles ayant
rapport eu oioléra, a la fièvre jaune ot la peste, la quarantaine,
les pèlerinages, etc.

2. Le "besoin de conventions nouvelles ou accords inter¬

nationaux sur des questions de santé; par exemple, nomenclature
des maladies pour "buts statistiques; la classification des
causes de décés; la force des drogues toxiques et la régulauion
des sérums; prophylaxie du charbon.

3. Action internationale pra.tique ou désirable pour em¬

pêcher les épidémiesj la tuberculose ou les maladies vene_iennes„

4. Les résultats pratiques obtenus par les conventions

/ . - 4- '
et règlements internationaux pour l'amélioration de la san„e
publique.
 AlIbLLtE II.

Extraits du Pacte de la Société des Hâtions.

Article XXIII (f).
Sous la conformité des dispositions des
réserve, et en

conventions internationales actuellement existantes ou qui

seront ultérieurement conclues, les membres de la. Société

s'efforceront Je prendre des mesures d'ordre inter¬

national pour prévenir et combattre les maladies.

Article JLJV.

Sous les bureaux: internationaux antérieurement

établis par traités collectifs seront, sou3 réserve de
l'assentiment de3 parties, plaoés sous l'authoritc de la

Société, Il en sera de même de tous autres bureaux et de

toutes commissions pour le règlement des affaires d1inéerct

international qui seront osées ultérieurement.
Pour toutes questions d1intérêt international réglées
par générales, mais non soumises au con¬
des oonventions

trols de oemmissions ou de bureaux internationaux, le

secrétariat de la Société devra, ai des parties le demandent

et si conseil y consent, réunir et distribuer toutes

je

informations utiles et prêter toute l'assistance nécessaire

ou désirable,
Le conseil peut décider de faire rentrer dans dé¬
les
penses du secrétariat celles de tout bureau ou commission
placés sous 11 authorité de la Société.
nrtic'le tLvV..

Les membres de la et
Société s'engagent à encourager
favoriser l'établissement et la coopération des organisations

volontaires nationales de la Croix-Rouge, dûment autorisées,

qui ont pour objet 1'amélioration de la santé, la defense

préventive oontre la maladie et l'adoucissement de la

souffrance du monde.