Think Globally, Act Locally

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SPM PHYSICS

SIR HAZEEQ

16-12-2022

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

Term, Symbol Formula Un

it
Cas Charge Q=ne C
Medan Elektrik EveryFather'sQueen E=F/Q NC-1
Electric Field Everyvampiredie E = V/d Vm-1
Beza Keupayaan atau Voltan vampireeatQueen V = E/Q V
Potential Difference or Voltage
Arus Elektrik
Electric Current
I Cutie I = Q/t A
I'mveryRelax I = V/R
Faktor mempengaruhi perintang
Factors affecting resistance Rocker lets
rockaural l =R Ω

A 1
Daya Gerak Elektromotif ElectromotiveForce Elfeat Queen ==V+
E/Q V

Kuasa
E V Ir VI = PIr W
Power V1 P P= E/t
PEt
Tenaga Elektrik Electrical Energy E = VIt J
EUlt
Litar Sesiri Series Circuit
Arus Elektrik Electric Current Itotal = I1 = I2 A
Beza Keupayaan atau Voltan Vtotal = V1 + V2 V
Potential Difference or Voltage
Perintang Resistance Rtotal = R1 + R2 Ω
Beza Keupayaan atau Voltan
Potential Difference or Voltage V1 = R1 x VT V
R1+R2
Litar Selari Parallel Circuit
Beza Keupayaan atau Voltan Vtotal = V1 = V2 V
Potential Difference or Voltage
Arus Elektrik Electric Current Itotal = I1 + I2 A
Perintang 1 1 1
= + 1/
Resistance
Rt Ra Rb Ω
Arus Elektrik I1 = R2 x IT A
Electric Current R R1+ 2

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

3.1 Arus dan Beza Keupayaan / Current and Potential Difference

Medan elektrik: Kawasan sekitar suatu zarah bercas di mana sebarang cas elektrik yang berada dalam
kawasan tersebut akan mengalami daya elektrik
Electric field. : The region around a charged particle where any electric charge in the region will
experience an electric force
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Arus elektrik: Kadar pengaliran cas dalam konduktor

Electric current: Rate of flow of charge in a conductor.
Beza keupayaan: Kerja yang dilakukan untuk menggerakkan satu coulomb cas di antara dua titik.
Potential difference: Work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another

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 Think Globally, Act Locally
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3.2 Rintangan / Resistance

Hukum Ohm
Ohm’s Law
Beza keupayaan mengalir melalui konduktor
berkadar langsung dengan arus elektrik
apabila suhu dan sifat fizikal lain adalah malar.
I
Potential difference flowing through a conductor is
directly proportional to the electric current
I
when the temperature and other physical properties are kept constant.

Jenis konduktor Konduktor Ohm Konduktor bukan Ohm

Type of conductor Ohmic conductor Non ohmic conductor

en
peppy
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Dagwood Dsiionsilicon
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Graf V melawan I
V versus I graph

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metal semiconductor

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

Tentukan Nilai Ammeter dan Voltmeter / Determine the ammeter and voltmeter value.
1.

R R Rs d Iif
s 18.75A
2.

FIT 3 4
Razr

p
is Etr

1.714
3. t t EA
M It

I.atI
374
Re r IR V

s
4.

htt
tI
Ra
r Etty
r

O
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 electriccurrent Think Globally, Act Locally
argelektrik
A

Rtt O
Perbandingan penebat (bukan konduktor), semikonduktor, konduktor dan superkonduktor
Comparing non-conductors, semiconductors, conductors and superconductors

R a Penebatinsulator
fgdg.tt
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semikondott

Kerintangan konduktor, ρ
silk
Resistivity of a conductor, ρ
• ukuran keupayaan konduktor untuk menentang pengaliran arus elektrik. FHM
• unit adalah ohm-meter (Ω m)
• bergantung pada sifat semula jadi bahan dan suhu bahan tersebut.

• a measure of a conductor’s ability to oppose the flow of electric current

• unit is ohm-meter (Ω m)
• depends on the temperature and the nature of the conductor material.

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3.3 Daya gerak elektrik (d.g.e) dan Rintangan Dalam
Electromotive Force (e.m.f.) and Internal Resistance
E
d.g.e : tenaga yang dibekalkan atau kerja yang dilakukan oleh satu sumber elektrik untuk
menggerakkan satu coulomb cas dalam satu litar lengkap (V).
e.m.f : Energy transferred or work done by an electrical source to move one coulomb of charge in a
complete circuit (V).
bezakeupayaan

Rintangan dalam, r : rintangan yang disebabkan oleh elektrolit dalam sel kering.

Et
Internal resistance, r : resistance caused by electrolyte in the dry cell.

E
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E If riggyan
internalresistance

R
trheostat i
betrohah

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

3.4 Tenaga dan Kuasa Elektrik

Electrical Energy and Power

Kuasa, P = Kadar perubahan tenaga, W.

Power, P = Rate of change of energy, W.

Electrical
J
I5 TIsy

N kgms

EIVX
min
J nm kym's

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 ÉÉ
Think Globally, Act Locally

29. A tower fan is labelled with 240V, 50W. Calculate the tower fan resistance.
Sebuah kipas menara dilabelkan dengan 240V, 50W. Hitungkan rintangan kipas

V1 P KE
menara tersebut.

26. Current can flow from one point to another due to a potential difference between two points in a

WHEE
circuit. What is the correct definition of potential difference?

I
Arus elektrik dapat mengalir dari satu titik ke titik yang lain dalam litar kerana wujudnya beza
keupayaan antara dua titik dalam litar. Nyatakan takrifan beza keuapayaan yang betul.
A The power in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another 514,529
Kuasa yang dilakukan untuk menggerakkan satu coulomb cas di antara dua titik tersebut
B The work done in moving one coulomb of charge from one point to another

Q
Kerja yang dilakukan untuk menggerakkan satu coloumb cas di antara dua titik tersebut

XF
C The electric force acting on a unit positive charge placed at one point
Daya elektrik yang bertindak ke atas seunit cas positif yang terletak pada titik itu
E V1 P
D Rate of flow of charge in a conductor
X EA
O
Kadar pengaliran cas dalam satu konduktor

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

tie

iii P

digunakan

Kuasafdilesapkan
dissipated

00 W Kuasa berbekalkan
dilesapkan dengan bezakeupayaan
2408
Oleh bekalankvasa
100 W of power dissipated when 240
V of potential di erence is supplied

V 24N D 100W I
VI P
40 1 100
I
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0.4167A

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

8 8 E Vit 8
E

E ult
42401106 90
12 960J
E VIE
I 2 000 J

E Vlt
11 520 J

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

10. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan satu bebola logan ringan tergantung dari satu tali nilon dan berada di dalam satu medan elektrik di
antara dua plat logam selari yang bercas.
Diagram 10.1 shows a light metal ball hanging from a nylon thread and is placed in an electric field between two oppositely
charged parallel metal plates.

pindahlan d
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A) Apakah maksud medan elektrik? Kawasan dimana objek bercas mengalami DAYA ELEKTRIK
What is meant by electric field? Region where charges object experience ELECTRICAL FORCE
[1 markah/mark]

B) Bebolah logam itu dibawa menghampiri plat positif.

Berayun ulang alik antara plat bercas selepas tersentuh plat
The metal ball is brought near to the positive plate.
tersebut .
(I) Apakah yang akan berlaku apabila bebola logam itu dilepaskan?
Oscillates to and fro between the charged plates after it has
What happens when the metal ball is released? touched the respective charged plate.
[1 markah/mark]
(ii) Terangkan jawapan anda di B)(I).
Explain your answer in B)(I).

o
[3 markah/marks]

Apabila bebola logam sentuh plat positif = bebola logam menjadi/mengalami

cas positif
When the metal ball touches the positive plate = becomes positively charged.
Disebabkan plat positif bercas sama dengan bebola logam, bebola logam
Due to like charges = repelled = towards - plate
tertolak dan ditarik ke plat negatif yang bercas berlainan.
When the metal ball touches - plate, = become - charged.
Apabila bebola logam sentuh plat negatif, bebola logam menjadi cas negatif
Sequence repeats when there is charges on the plates.
dan bola berayun ke plat positf semula. Tuturan akan berulang selagi ada cas

pada plat.

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 Think Globally, Act Locally
Rf
IF Heat
elektra
b
C) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan lima pemanas rendam yang digunakan dalam cerek elektrik.
Diagram 10.2 shows five immersion heaters used in an electric kettle.

Properties Reason
Sebab
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ng nm
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Nipisthin Luaspermkaanyang

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Anda dikehendaki mengkaji reka bentuk dan ciri-ciri pemanas rendam yang sesuai digunakan dalam cerek elektrik bagi
membolehkan air dipanaskan dalam tempoh masa yang singkat.
You are required to study the design and characteristics of five immersion heaters suitable for use in electric kettles to allow warer to
be heated in a short period of time.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri pemanas rendam dalam Rajah 10.2.

Tentukan pemanas rendam yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan dalam cerek elektrik tersebut.
Berikan sebab-sebab untuk pilihan anda.
Explain the suitability of each characteristics features of the immersion heater in the Diagram 10.2.
Determine the most suitable immersion heater to use in the lectric kettle.
Give a reason for your choice.

O
[10 markah/marks]

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

11. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan satu bola polisterina besalut logam digantung antara dua plat logam M dan N yang disambungkan
dengan bekalan V.L.T. Satu medan elektrik yang kuat antara plat logam M dan N dihasilkan apabila suis dihidupkan.
Diagram 10.1 shows a metal coated polystyrene ball hung between two metal plates M and N which is connected to E.H.T supply.
A strong electric field between metal plates M and N is produced when the switch is on.

Kawasan dimana objek bercas mengalami DAYA ELEKTRIK

Region where charges object experience ELECTRICAL FORCE

Berayun ulang alik antara plat bercas selepas tersentuh plat tersebut . When the metal ball touches the positive plate = becomes positively
Oscillates to and fro between the charged plates after it has touched the respective charged plate.
charged.
Due to like charges = repelled = towards - plate
Apabila bebola logam sentuh plat positif = bebola logam menjadi/ When the metal ball touches - plate, = become - charged.
mengalami cas positif
Disebabkan plat positif bercas sama dengan bebola logam, bebola Sequence repeats when there is charges on the plates.
logam tertolak dan ditarik ke plat negatif yang bercas berlainan.
Apabila bebola logam sentuh plat negatif, bebola logam menjadi (b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan empat litar P,Q,R dan S yang mengandungi tiga sel kering dengan gaya
cas negatif dan bola berayun ke plat positf semula. Tuturan akan

gerak elektrik, d.g.e, setiap satunya 1.5V dengan rintangan dalamnya diabaikan, dua mentol
berulang selagi ada cas pada plat.
berlabel 2V, 0.5W dan sebuah perintang. Anda mungkin perlu melakukan pengiraan.
Diagram 10.2 shows four circuits P,Q,R and S containing three dry cells of electromotive force, e.m.f.,
1.5V each and its internal resistance is negligible, two bulbs labelled 2V, 5W and resistor R. You may
need to do some calculation.

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 Think Globally, Act Locally
Series sesiri it

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t O Waker

selariparallel

O x

X OFF

Anda dikehendaki menentukan litar yang paling sesuai untuk menyalakan mentol-mentol itu pada kecerahan normal. Kaji spesifikasi
keempat-empat litar itu berdasarkan kepada jenis sambungan sel, sambungan terminal sel, jenis sambungan mentol dan
sambungan antara perintang dan mentol.
Terangkan kesesuaan setiap aspek dan seterusnya tentukan litar yang paling sesuai.
Berikan sebab untuk pilihan anda.

You need to determine the most suitable circuit to light the bulbs at normal brightness. Study the specifications of the four circuits
depending on the type of cell connection, cell terminal connection, type of bulb connection and the relationship between resistor and
bulb.
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable circuit.
Give a reason for your choice.

10 [10 markah/marks]

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 I Y

Fesiri series Rt Electra

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apabila salah satu mentol rosak, mentol lain
Selari tidak terjejas/ masih menyala
parallel When one of the bulb is damaged, other bulb
able to operate/ still shines.

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

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 Think Globally, Act Locally
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Anda dikehendaki menentukan litar yang paling sesuai untuk menyalakan mentol-mentol itu pada kecerahan normal. Kaji spesifikasi
keempat-empat litar itu berdasarkan kepada jenis sambungan sel, sambungan terminal sel, jenis sambungan mentol dan
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sebab
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Berikan sebab untuk pilihan anda.

You need to determine the most suitable circuit to light the bulbs at normal brightness. Study the specifications of the four circuits
depending on the type of cell connection, cell terminal connection, type of bulb connection and the relationship between resistor and
bulb.
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable circuit.
Give a reason for your choice.
dear Plusians, you guys boleh cuba kira setiap [10 markah/marks]
satu nilai di atas tapi tak digalakkan sebab
makan masa. But if you want a challenge, ni
pengiraan in full.

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

dart

EE
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Mengawal aus

pointform draft Jawan

point form
Current flow a Ars myelin drTerminal BC
metal i penggelongsor
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Terminal B a penggelingia digeralla ontt heh panjang
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 I

Current flow from terminal B to C

through the slider
Slider is moved to change the length of
wire.
The higher the displacement of slider
contact from Terminal B, the higher is
the resistance of wire.
Arus mengalir dari terminal B ke C melalui
penggelongsor.
A Penggelongsor digerakkan untuk ubah panjang
wayar.
Elakkan pakai syst
Semakin tinggi sesaran penghubung gelongsor
berkadar langsung dari terminal B, semakin tinggi rintangan.

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

(d) Diagram 10.2 shows an electric kettle used to boil water.

Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan cerek elektrik yang digunakan untuk mendidihkan air.

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You are required to determine the most suitable wire and explain the suitable based on the following aspects. Give reasons for your
choice.
Anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan dawai yang paling sesuai dan terangkan kesesuaian berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut. Beri
sebab untuk pilihan anda.

M sebabott 4 84
frendsh
law 3 [10 markah/marks]

10 in
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 Think Globally, Act Locally

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 Think Globally, Act Locally

NOTES :

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