~ = φ∇ψ,

12.) By applying the integral form of the divergence theorem to the vector A ~ verify the
first identify of Green:
Z I
~ ψ + ∇φ
(φ∇ 2 ~ · ∇ψ)dV
~ = ~ · dA
φ∇ψ ~
V A

where A is the (closed) boundary surface of the volume V. If φ = rl Ylm (θ, ϕ) and ψ =
0
rn [Ynm (θ, ϕ)]∗ , use the above to show that
Z 2π Z π
0
dϕ [Ylm (θ, ϕ)]∗ Ynm (θ, ϕ) sin(θ)dθ = 0, unless l = n.
0 0

Furthermore, show that in the case l = n, the integral vanishes unless m = m0 .

13.) A potential field is given by φ0 = r2 sin(2θ)eiϕ . Show that the potential exterior to a grounded,
conducting sphere of radius a placed in this field at the origin is given by

a5
 
φ(r, θ, ϕ) = 1 − 5 r2 sin(2θ)eiϕ
r

14.) Consider solving the Legendre Equation

d2 z dz
(1 − x2 ) 2
− 2x + n(n + 1)z = 0,
dx dx
by writing z = r ar xr as a power series that starts
P
P fromr a yet unspecified value of the index
r (this is equivalent to expressing z as z = xα ∞ r=0 ar x with arbitrary α). Show that two
independent solutions are available, corresponding to a0 = 1, a1 = 0 and a0 = 0, a1 = 1, and
that they are:

n(n + 1) 2 n(n − 2)(n + 1)(n + 3) 4

pn (x) = 1 − x + x − ··· ,
2! 4!
and
(n − 1)(n + 2) 3
qn (x) = x − x + ··· .
3!
Further, show that pn (x) and qn (x) will terminate if n is a positive even integer and a positive
odd integer respectively. In all other cases, apply the ratio test to prove that pn (x) and qn (x)
diverge at |x| = 1.