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Combined Loadings
Combined Loadings
Combined Loadings
The problems for Section 8.5 are to be solved assuming that the structures y0
b2
behave linearly elastically and that the stresses caused by two or more b1 D
loads may be superimposed to obtain the resultant stresses acting at a
point. Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane shear stresses unless B
otherwise specified. C P
P ⫽ 1500 lb
M ⫽ P(distance BD)
A ⫽ P兹b 21 ⫹ b 22 ⫽ (1500 lb)(4.0 ft)
⫽ 6,000 lb-ft ⫽ 72,000 lb-in.
A
MAXIMUM STRESSES occur on opposite sides of the
b1 ⫽ 3.2 ft b2 ⫽ 2.4 ft P ⫽ 1500 lb vertical arm.
CROSS SECTION
MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS
P M(d2Ⲑ2)
st ⫽ ⫺ ⫹
d2 A I
d1 1500 lb (72,000 lb-in.)(4.0 in.)
⫽⫺ 2⫹
11.781 in. 83.203 in.4
⫽ ⫺127.3 psi ⫹ 3461.4 psi ⫽ 3330 psi
d2 ⫽ 8.0 in.
MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS
d1 ⫽ 7.0 in.
P M(d2Ⲑ2)
A ⫽ (d 22 ⫺ d 21 ) ⫽ 11.781 in.2 sc ⫽ ⫺ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺127.3 psi ⫺ 3461.4 psi
4 A I
4 ⫽ ⫺3590 psi
I ⫽ (d 2 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 83.203 in.4
64
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS
W
(a) (b)
W W
M ⫽ Wb
W W
Problem 8.5-3 The hollow drill pipe for an oil well (see figure) is
6.0 in. in outer diameter and 0.75 in. in thickness. Just above the bit,
the compressive force in the pipe (due to the weight of the pipe) is
60 k and the torque (due to drilling) is 170 k-in.
Determine the maximum tensile, compressive, and shear stresses
in the drill pipe.
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
B 2
T sy sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy
2
P ⫽ ⫺2425 psi ⫾ 兹(⫺2425) 2 ⫹ (5864) 2
P ⫽ compressive force ⫽ ⫺2425 psi ⫾ 6345 psi
T ⫽ torque P ⫽ 60 k T ⫽ 170 k-in. 1 ⫽ 3920 psi 2 ⫽ ⫺8770 psi
d 2 ⫽ outer diameter t ⫽ thickness
d 1 ⫽ inner diameter d 2 ⫽ 6.0 in. t ⫽ 0.75 in. MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS t ⫽ 3920 psi
d 1 ⫽ d 2 ⫺ 2t ⫽ 4.5 in.
2 MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS
A⫽ (d ⫺ d 21 ) ⫽ 12.370 in.2
4 2 c ⫽ ⫺8770 psi
IP ⫽ (d 42 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 86.977 in.4
32
MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRESS
B 2
STRESSES AT THE OUTER SURFACE sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 6350 psi
y
y NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite
signs, the maximum in-plane shear stress is larger
than the maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
xy
O x
y
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 527
txy ⫽ ⫽
IP 328.70 ⫻ 10⫺6m4
⫽ 30.50 MPa
x ⫽ 0
T PRINCIPAL STRESSES
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫹ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢⫹ t 2xy ≤
P 2 2
⫽ ⫺13.11 MPa ⫾ 33.20 MPa
(Determine the stresses)
1 ⫽ 20.1 MPa 2 ⫽ ⫺46.3 MPa
P ⫽ 525 kN
d 2 ⫽ 280 mm d 1 ⫽ 230 mm
P0 ⫽ power P0 ⫽ 1800 kw MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS
f ⫽ frequency f ⫽ 4.0 Hz
t ⫽ 1 ⫽ 20.1 MPa
P0
T ⫽ torque T ⫽ (Eq. 3-40)
2f
MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS
1800 ⫻ 103W
T⫽ ⫽ 71,620 N ⴢ mˇ ˇ
c ⫽ 2 ⫽ 46.3 MPa
2(4.0 Hz)
A ⫽ (d 22 ⫺ d 21 ) ⫽ 20.028 ⫻ 10⫺3 m2
4 MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRESS
B
IP ⫽ (d 42 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 328.70 ⫻ 10⫺6 m4 s1 ⫺ s2 sx ⫺ sy 2
32 tmax ⫽ ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy
2 2
⫽ 33.2 MPa
STRESSES AT THE SURFACE OF THE SHAFT
y
NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite
signs, the maximum in-plane shear stress is larger
y than the maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
xy
O x
528 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
P Units: P ⫽ pounds
y ⫽ psi
T
T(d2Ⲑ2) (220 k-in.)(4.0 in.)
txy ⫽ ⫽
IP 274.889 in.4
⫽ 3,201.29 psi
B
sx ⫺ sy 2 sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy or t2allow ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t2xy
2 2
P
(6500) 2 ⫽ B R ⫹ (3,201.29) 2
2
P
(2)(21.9911)
(Determine the maximum allowable load P) P2
T ⫽ 220 k-in. ⫽ 32,001,700; P2 ⫽ 61.905 ⫻ 109
1934.43
d 2 ⫽ 8.0 in. d 1 ⫽ 6.0 in.
allow ⫽ 6500 psi (In-plane shear stress) P ⫽ 248,810 lb Pmax ⫽ 249 k
NOTE: The maximum in-plane shear stress is larger
2 than the maximum out-of-plane shear stress (in this
A⫽ (d ⫺ d 21 ) ⫽ 21.9911 in.2
4 2 example).
IP ⫽ (d 42 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 274.889 in.4
32
y
xy
O x
x ⫽ 0
P P
sy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺
A 21.9911 in.2
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 529
F ⫽ 72 kN 2
p ⫽ internal pressure
d ⫽ 100 mm t ⫽ 4 mm allow ⫽ 60 MPa
BIAXIAL STRESS
IN-PLANE SHEAR STRESS (CASE 1)
s1 ⫺ s2
tmax ⫽ ⫽ 3.125 p ⫹ 28.648 MPa
2
60 MPa ⫽ 3.125 p ⫹ 28.648 MPa
Solving, p1 ⫽ 10.03 MPa
BIAXIAL STRESS
1
2
max
M = 60 kg
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 531
y
d
y
xy
L
O x
max
PRINCIPAL STRESSES
L ⫽ 2.0 m d ⫽ 4.0 mm
B
M ⫽ 60 kg G ⫽ 80 GPa sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy
allow ⫽ 100 MPa allow ⫽ 50 MPa 2 2
d2 s1, 2 ⫽ 23.420 ⫾ 兹(23.420) 2 ⫹ 6400 f2max(MPa)
A⫽ ⫽ 12.5664 mm2
4
W ⫽ Mg ⫽ (60 kg)(9.81 mⲐs2) ⫽ 588.6 N Note that 1 is positive and 2 is negative. Therefore,
the maximum in-plane shear stress is greater than the
maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
W
B
L sx ⫺ sy 2
tmax ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 兹(23.420) 2 ⫹ 6400 f 2max
2
Tr
SHEAR STRESS: t ⫽ (EQ. 3-11) allow ⫽ 50 MPa 50 ⫽ 兹(23.420) 2 ⫹ 6400 f 2max
Ip
(50) 2 ⫽ (23.420) 2 ⫹ 6400 f 2max
GIp fmax r Gr fmax
t⫽¢ ≤¢ ≤⫽ ⫽ (80 ⫻ 106 Pa)fmax Solving, max ⫽ 0.5522 rad ⫽ 31.6º
L IP L
⫽ 80 max Units: ⫽ MPa max ⫽ radius
SHEAR STRESS GOVERNS
W max ⫽ 0.552 rad ⫽ 31.6º
TENSILE STRESS sx ⫽ ⫽ 46.839 MPa
A
x ⫽ 0
y ⫽ t ⫽ 46.839 MPa
xy ⫽ ⫺80 max (MPa)
532 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
b2 = 2.5 in.
P
⫽ 37,730 psi
y
d
A
A O x
b1
⫽ 9431psi
b2
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
STRESS RESULTANTS on cross section at point A: tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 21,090 psi
2
Torque: T ⫽ Pb2 ⫽ 400 lb-in.
Moment: M ⫽ Pb1 ⫽ 800 lb-in.
MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS: t ⫽ 39,950 psi
Shear force: V ⫽ P ⫽ 160 lb
MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS:
STRESSES AT POINT A
c ⫽ ⫺2,230 psi
16T M 32M
t⫽ ⫽ 9431 psi s⫽ ⫽ ⫽ 37,730 psi
d3 S d3
MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRESS:
(The shear force V produces no shear stresses at
point A.) max ⫽ 21,090 psi
PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2 signs, the maximum in-plane shear stress is larger
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy than the maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
2 2
x ⫽ 0 y ⫽ 37,730 psi xy ⫽ ⫺9431 psi
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 533
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ txy2 (1)
2
pr pr
sx ⫽ ⫽ 25 MPa sy ⫽ ⫽ 50 MPa
2t t
T ⫽ 120 kN ⴢ m r ⫽ 300 mm
T
t ⫽ 15 mm P ⫽ 2.5 MPa txy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺117.893 ⫻ 10⫺6 T
2r 2t
Units: xy ⫽ MPa T⫽Nⴢm
STRESSES IN THE WALL OF THE VESSEL
pr pr Substitute into Eq. (1):
sx ⫽ ⫽ 25 MPa sy ⫽ ⫽ 50 MPa
2t t max ⫽ allow ⫽ 30 MPa
Tr ⫽ 兹(⫺12.5 MPa) 2 ⫹ (⫺117.893 ⫻ 10⫺6 T ) 2
txy ⫽ ⫺ (Eq. 3-11) Ip ⫽ 2r 3t (Eq. 3-18)
Ip
T Square both sides, rearrange, and solve for T:
txy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺14.147 MPa
2r 2t (30)2 ⫽ (12.5)2 ⫹ (117.893 ⫻ 10⫺6)2 T 2
(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES 743.750
T2 ⫽ ⫽ 53,512 ⫻ 106 (N ⴢ m) 2
y 13,899 ⫻ 10⫺12
ˇ ˇ
T ⫽ 231.3 ⫻ 103 N ⴢ m
xy
y Tmax ⫽ 231 kN ⴢ m
O x x
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ⫹ t xy2 ¢ ≤
2 2
⫽ 37.5 ⫾ 18.878 MPa
1 ⫽ 56.4 MPa 2 ⫽ 18.6 MPa
⬖ max ⫽ 56.4 MPa
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ txy2 ⫽ 18.9 MPa
2
534 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
b1 Top of Bracket
b2
P
STRESS RESULTANTS AT THE SUPPORT y
B
12 12 sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ⫹ t 2xy ¢ ≤
1 1 2 2
⫽ (2.0 in.)(3.5 in.) 3 ⫺ (1.75 in.)(3.25 in.) 3
12 12 ⫽ 1227 psi ⫾ 3097 psi
⫽ 2.1396 in.4 1 ⫽ 4324 psi 2 ⫽ ⫺1870 psi
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
¢ ≤
STRESSES AT POINT A ON THE TOP OF THE BRACKET tmax ⫽ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 3097 psi
2
T 4500 lb-in.
t⫽ ⫽ ⫽ 2844 psi
2tAm 2(0.125 in.)(6.3281 in.2 ) MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS:
Mc (3000 lb-in.)(1.75 in.) t ⫽ 4320 psi
s⫽ ⫽ ⫽ 2454 psi
I 2.1396 in.4
(The shear force V produces no stresses at point A.)
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 535
MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS: NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite signs,
c ⫽ ⫺1870 psi the maximum in-plane shear stress is larger than the
maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS:
max ⫽ 3100 psi
B
R sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
¢ ≤
c
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ⫹ t 2xy
2 2
W
B
sB sB 2
⫾ ¢ ⫺ ≤ ⫹ t 2B
d
⫽
2 2
d ⫽ diameter of bar R ⫽ radius of bar
B d
32qR2 32qR2 2 16qR2 2
q ⫽ weight of bar per unit length ⫽ 3 ⫾ ¢ 3 ≤ ⫹¢ ≤
W ⫽ weight of bar ⫽ qR d d3
Weight of bar acts at the center of gravity 16qR2
22 ⫽ (2 ⫾ 兹4 ⫹ 2 )
From Case 23, Appendix D, with  ⫽ Ⲑ2, we get y ⫽ d 3
2R
∴ c⫽ MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESS
Bending moment at B: MB ⫽ WC ⫽ 2qR2 16qR2
st ⫽ s1 ⫽ (2 ⫹ 兹4 ⫹ 2 )
Torque at B: TB ⫽ WR ⫽ qR2 d 3
(Shear force at B produces no shear stress at the top of qR2
⫽ 29.15 3
the bar.) d
STRESSES AT THE TOP OF THE BAR AT B MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS
MB (dⲐ2) (2qR2 )(dⲐ2) 64qR2
sB ⫽ ⫽ ⫽ 16qR2
I d 4Ⲑ64 d 3 sc ⫽ s2 ⫽ (2 ⫹ 兹4 ⫹ 2 )
d 3
TB (dⲐ2) (qR 2 )(dⲐ2) 16qR 2
tB ⫽ ⫽ ⫽ qR2
IP d 4Ⲑ32 d3 ⫽ ⫺8.78
d3
STRESS ELEMENT AT THE TOP OF THE BAR AT B
B x ⫽ 0 MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRESS (EQ. 7-26)
y ⫽ B 1 16qR2
tmax ⫽ (s1 ⫺ s2 ) ⫽ 兹4 ⫹ 2
y xy ⫽ B 2 d 3
B qR2
⫽ 18.97
B O x d3
B
536 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
z
Problem 8.5-13 An arm ABC lying in a horizontal plane and supported
at A (see figure) is made of two identical solid steel bars AB and BC
welded together at a right angle. Each bar is 20 in. long. y
A
Knowing that the maximum tensile stress (principal stress) at the top
of the bar at support A due solely to the weights of the bars is 932 psi,
determine the diameter d of the bars. x
C A
L ⫽ length of AB and BC
d ⫽ diameter of AB and BC
y
A ⫽ cross-sectional area
⫽ d 2Ⲑ4
␥ ⫽ weight density of steel A O x
q ⫽ weight per unit length of bars A
⫽ ␥A ⫽ ␥d 2Ⲑ4 (1)
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
A s1 ⫽ ⫹ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy (7)
2 2
x ⫽ 0 y ⫽ A xy ⫽ ⫺A (8)
B T Substitute (8) into (7):
B 2
P sA sA 2
s1 ⫽ ⫹ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2A (9)
P ⫽ weight of AB and BC 2
P ⫽ qL ⫽ ␥L d 2Ⲑ4 (2) Substitute from (5) and (6) and simplify:
T ⫽ torque due to weight of BC gL2 2gL2
s1 ⫽ (6 ⫹ 兹40) ⫽ (3 ⫹ 兹10) (10)
L qL2 gL2d 2 d d
T ⫽ (qL) ¢ ≤ ⫽ ⫽ (3)
2 2 8
MA ⫽ bending moment at A
MA ⫽ PL ⫹ PL Ⲑ2 ⫽ 3PL Ⲑ2 ⫽ 3␥L 2d 2Ⲑ8 (4)
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 537
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
A ⫽ 2rt ⫽ 2(50 mm)(3.0 mm) ⫽ 942.48 mm2 ⫹ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t xy2
IP ⫽ 2r 3t ⫽ 2(50 mm)3(3.0 mm) 2
⫽ 2.3562 ⫻ 106 mm4 72 ⫽ 43.750 ⫹ (530.52 ⫻ 10⫺6)P
ˇ ⫹ 兹 [ ⫺14.583 ⫹ (530.52 ⫻ 10⫺6 )P ] 2 ⫹ (⫺9.5493) 2
ˇ ˇ ˇ ˇ
x
SOLVE FOR P P ⫽ 34,080 N OR
Pmax ⫽ 34.1 kN
pr P
sx ⫽ ⫹
2t A
(3.5 MPa)(50 mm) P
⫽ ⫹
2(3.0 mm) 942.48 mm2
⫽ 29.167 MPa ⫹ 1.0610 ⫻ 10⫺3P
Units: x ⫽ MPa, P ⫽ newtons
pr
sy ⫽ ⫽ 58.333 MPa
t
Tr (450 N ⴢ m)(50 mm)
ˇ ˇ
txy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺
IP 2.3562 ⫻ 106 mm4
⫽ ⫺9.5493 MPa
538 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
B
⫽ 4.0 ft ⫽ 48 in. sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
REACTIONS AT THE SUPPORT tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 3800 psi
2
M ⫽ Ph ⫽ 75,000 lb-in.
T ⫽ Pb ⫽ 12,000 lb-in.
V ⫽ P ⫽ 250 lb (b) ALLOWABLE LOAD P
allow ⫽ 16,000 psi allow ⫽ 6,000 psi
STRESSES AT POINT A The stresses at point A are proportional to the load P.
Based on tensile stress:
y
Pallow sallow 16,000 psi
⫽ Pallow ⫽ (250 lb) ¢ ≤
P smax 7,550 psi
xy
⫽ 530 lb
Based on shear stress:
A x
Pallow tallow 6,000 psi
⫽ Pallow ⫽ (250 lb) ¢ ≤
P tmax 3,800 psi
⫽ 395 lb
Shear stress governs:
Pallow ⫽ 395 lb
x ⫽ 0
M 75,000 lb-in.
sy ⫽ ⫽
S 10 in.3
⫽ 7500 psi
Tr
txy ⫽
IP
r ⫽ outer radius of post
I IP T 12,000 lb-in.
S⫽ ⫽ ∴ txy ⫽ ⫽ ⫽ 600 psi
r 2r 2S 2(10 in.3 )
(The shear force V produces no stresses at point A.)
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 539
PIPE: d2 ⫽ 100 mm d1 ⫽ 80 mm t ⫽ 10 mm y
SIGN: 2.0 m ⫻ 0.75 m A ⫽ 1.50 m2
h ⫽ height from the base to the center of xy
gravity of the sign
1
h ⫽ 3.0 m ⫹ (0.75 m) ⫽ 3.375 m A x
2
b ⫽ horizontal distance from the center of
gravity of the sign to the axis of the pipe
1 1
b⫽ (2.0 m) ⫹ (100 mm) ⫽ 1.05 m
2 2
⫽
2(2.8981 ⫻ 106 mm4 )
⫽ 131.01 MPa
540 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
A ⫽ (d 22 ⫺ d 21 ) ⫽ 28.274 in.2 s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy
4 2 2
4 ⫽ 2078 psi ⫾ 2087 psi
I ⫽ (d 2 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 289.81 in.4
64 1 ⫽ 4165 psi 2 ⫽ ⫺9 psi
Ip ⫽ 2I ⫽ 579.62 in.4
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
d2 tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤
⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 2087 psi
c ⫽ ⫽ 5.0 in. 2
2
Max. tensile stress: t ⫽ 4165 psi
(a) STRESSES AT POINT A Max. compressive stress: c ⫽ ⫺9 psi
y Max. shear stress: max ⫽ 2087 psi
xy
NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite
signs, the maximum in-plane shear stress is larger
than the maximum out-of-plane shear stress.
A x
sx ⫽ 0
N Mc
sy ⫽ ⫺ ⫹
A I
Td2
txy ⫽
2 Ip
4200 lb (249,480 lb-in.)(5.0 in.)
sy ⫽ ⫺ 2⫹
28.274 in. 289.81 in.4
⫽ ⫺148.5 psi ⫹ 4,304.2 psi ⫽ 4156 psi
(22,140 lb-in.)(10 in.)
txy ⫽ ⫽ 191 psi
2(579.62 in.4 )
P1
60 mm
Cross section at A
542 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
sx ⫽ ⫺ ⫺
N ⫽ P2 ⫽ 3070 N (compression) 2827.4 mm2 636,170 mm4
My ⫽ P2 b ⫽ 1228 N ⴢ m ⫽ ⫺1.0858 MPa ⫺57.909 MPa
Mx may be omitted because it produces no ⫽ ⫺58.995 MPa
stresses at point p.
(808 N ⴢ m)(30 mm) 4(2020 N)
T ⫽ P1b ⫽ 808 N ⴢ m
ˇ ˇ
txy ⫽ ⫹
1272.3 ⫻ 103 mm4 3(2827.4 mm2 )
V ⫽ P1 ⫽ 2020 N
⫽ 19.051 MPa ⫹ 0.953 MPa ⫽ 20.004 MPa
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫹ t 2xy
⫾ ¢ ≤
2 2
⫽ ⫺29.498 MPa ⫾ 35.641 MPa
1 ⫽ 6.1 MPa 2 ⫽ ⫺65.1 MPa
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 35.6 MPa
2
Max. tensile stress: t ⫽ 6.1 MPa
Max. compressive stress: c ⫽ ⫺65.1 MPa
Max. in-plane shear stress: max ⫽ 35.6 MPa
SECTION 8.5 Combined Loadings 543
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
Torque: T ⫽ 800 k-in. s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢
⫹ t 2xy ≤
Outer radius: r2 ⫽ 12 in. 2 2
Wall thickness: t ⫽ 1.0 in. ⫽ 6509.1 psi ⫾ 3969.6 psi
Mean radius: r ⫽ r2⫺ tⲐ2 ⫽ 11.5 in. 1 ⫽ 10,479 psi 2 ⫽ 2540 psi
Outer diameter: d2 ⫽ 24 in.
Inner diameter: d1 ⫽ 22 in.
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
In-plane: ⫽ 3970 psi
MOMENT OF INERTIA Out-of-plane:
s1 s2 s1
I ⫽ (d 42 ⫺ d 41 ) ⫽ 4787.0 in.4 t ⫽ or t ⫽ ⫽ 5240 psi
64 2 2 2
Ip ⫽ 2I ⫽ 9574.0 in.4
⬖ max ⫽ 5240 psi
NOTE: Since the stresses due to T and p are the same
everywhere in the cylinder, the maximum stresses MAXIMUM STRESSES FOR THE TOP OF THE CYLINDER
occur at the top and bottom of the cylinder where t ⫽ 10,480 psi c ⫽ 0 (No compressive stresses)
the bending stresses are the largest. max ⫽ 5240 psi
y
Stress element on the top of the cylinder as seen from
above. xy
z0
pr Mr3 y
sx ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ 5175.0 psi ⫺ 2506.8 psi
2t I x
⫽ 2668.2 psi x0
O x O
pr
sy ⫽ ⫽ 10,350 psi
t
Tr2
txy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ ⫺1002.7 psi
Ip
544 CHAPTER 8 Applications of Plane Stress
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy t ⫽ 10,680 psi c ⫽ 0 (No compressive stresses)
2 2
max ⫽ 5340 psi
⫽ 9015.9 psi ⫾ 1668.9 psi
1 ⫽ 10,685 psi 2 ⫽ 7347 psi PART (c). ENTIRE CYLINDER
The largest stresses are at the bottom of the cylinder.
t ⫽ 10,680 psi
MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
c ⫽ 0 (No compressive stresses)
In-plane: ⫽ 1669 psi
max ⫽ 5340 psi
Out-of-plane:
s1 s2 s1
t ⫽ or t ⫽ ⫽ 5340 psi
2 2 2
⬖ max ⫽ 5340 psi
b2 = 120 mm
b3 = 40 mm
P = 1.0 kN
y0 DATA P ⫽ 1.0 kN d ⫽ 20 mm
b1 ⫽ 80 mm b2 ⫽ 120 mm
b3 ⫽ 40 mm
M
d 2 y O x0
A ⫽ ⫽ 314.16 mm2
4 x
O x
z0
(a) STRESSES AT POINT A
y
xy
y y0
x ⫽ 0 y ⫽ 0
O x x x0
O Td 4V
txy ⫽ ⫺ ⫽ 76.394 MPa ⫺ 4.244 MPa
2Ip 3A
⫽ 72.15 MPa
B
sx ⫹ sy sx ⫺ sy 2 NOTE: Since the principal stresses have opposite
s1, 2 ⫽ ⫾ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy signs, the maximum in-plane shear stress is
2 2
larger than the maximum out-of-plane shear
⫽ ⫺76.40 MPa ⫾ 108.04 MPa stress.
1 ⫽ 31.64 MPa 2 ⫽ ⫺184.44 MPa
B
sx ⫺ sy 2
tmax ⫽ ¢ ≤ ⫹ t 2xy ⫽ 108.04 MPa
2
Max. tensile stress: t ⫽ 32 MPa
Max. compressive stress: c ⫽ ⫺184 MPa
Max. shear stress: max ⫽ 108 MPa