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CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE
DEPARTMENT

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MECHANICAL TRAINING PROGRAM

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PUMP TRAINING COURSE

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Introduction

BACK • A pump is a machine that conveys mechanical energy to a liquid in

order to increase its rate of flow and static Pressure.
• Pumps can be classified into tow classes : Positive displacement
pumps and Dynamic pumps. And each of them has his own types.

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Objectives
UPON COMPLETING THIS COURSE YOU WILL BE ABLE TO
UNDERSTAND:
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 WHAT IS A PUMP.
 TYPE OF PUMPS.
 TYPES OF PUMP OPERATION.
 THEORY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
 MAIN PARTS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
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 PURPOSE AND TYPES OF CASING.
 PURPOSE AND TYPES OF SEALS.
 WHAT IS A BEARING.
 WHAT IS A SHAFT & SHAFT SLEEVES.
 PURPOSE & TYPES OF IMPELLERS.
EXIT  WHAT IS A WEAR RINGS.
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TYPE.
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Main Menu

• WHAT IS A PUMP.
BACK • TYPE OF PUMPS.
• TYPES OF PUMP OPERATION.
• THEORY OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
• MAIN PARTS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP.
• PURPOSE AND TYPES OF CASING.
HOME • PURPOSE AND TYPES OF SEALS.
• WHAT IS A BEARING.
• WHAT IS A SHAFT & SHAFT SLEEVES.
• PURPOSE & TYPES OF IMPELLERS.
• WHAT IS A WEAR RINGS.
• CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TYPE.
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TYPES OF PUMPS

BACK PUMP
Dynamic Positive displacement
Centrifugal Reciprocating Rotary

Radial Flow Plunger Gear

HOME External
Axial Flow Piston
Internal
Mixed Flow Diaphragm
Screw

Progressive Cavity
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Sliding Vane
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POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

BACK • Positive displacement pumps, which includes both reciprocating

and rotary pumps, are characterized by the fact that they deliver a
known quantity of liquid with each stroke or rotation.

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RECIPROCATING PUMPS

BACK • Reciprocating pumps include three principal types: Piston pumps,

Plunger pumps and diaphragm pumps.
• Reciprocating pump can be either single acting (which means they
displace liquid on the forward stroke only) or double acting (they
displace liquid on both forward and reverse stokes).

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ROTARY PUMPS

BACK • Rotary pumps operated through the meshing action of a gears,

lobes, screw type shaft or some other device. The rotation of these
elements causes liquid to be trapped at the suction end of the pump
and move toward the discharge end.

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DYNAMIC PUMPS

BACK • The Dynamic pumps operates by drawing liquid into the center of a
spinning impeller which throws the liquid outward at an increased
velocity.
• As liquid leaves the impeller and makes contact with the pump
casing, some of this velocity is converted to pressure.

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DYNAMIC PUMPS

BACK • Dynamic pumps are not as readily differentiated by mechanical type

as are positive displacement pumps. Some of the features used to
classify centrifugal pumps include impeller design and the number
of stages.

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TYPES OF PUMPS OPERATION

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PURPOSE OF PUMPS

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• Transferring liquids from place to another.

• Transferring liquids from low elevation to high elevation.
• Increasing the flow rate.

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EARLY PUMPING SYSTEM

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

BACK • These kind of pumps based

on centrifugal force as the
fluid being pumped enter the
inlet or central section of the
pump. it’s forced to out side
by the rotating action of the
HOME impeller.

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

BACK • Because of the speed is faster

at the outer edge of the
impeller . Momentum
increases as more fluid
momentum is admitted to the
pump suction more fluid
HOME momentum is built up in the
casing that encloses the
impeller . This build up is
forced out of the pump
discharge port.

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Advantages and Disadvantages

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Advantages:
• It’s Cheap comparing with other pumps because it is small.
• Easy to disassemble and reassemble.
• Rotates quietly comparing to other pumps.
• Steady Pressure and flow.
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Advantages and Disadvantages

BACK
Disadvantages:
• Most of them Require Priming
• No Metering
• Don’t deal with high viscosity liquid
• Low head
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MAIN PARTS

BACK • Any Centrifugal pump, regardless of whether it is single or multi-

stage, tends to have the same type of components. These
components include an impeller, impeller and casing wear ring, a
drive shaft which is often protected at critical points with shaft
sleeves, bearing, packing boxes or mechanical seal and a casing.

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MAIN PARTS

BACK
1. Stationary parts:
• Casing .
• Casing wear rings.

HOME 2. Rotating parts:

• Shaft.
• Shaft sleeves
• Impeller.
• Impeller wear rings
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MAIN PARTS

BACK
3. Parts which half stationary an half rotary:
• Mechanical Seal.
• Bearing.

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MAIN PARTS
Impeller Discharge
Stuffing Box
(Seal Chamber)
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Vanes

HOME Inlet

wear rings

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Mechanical seal Casing Bearings Coupling.
Or gland packing
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IMPELLERS

• The impeller is the heart of the Centrifugal pump, it is the

BACK part that applies high energy force to fluid to give it velocity
and momentum.
• There are many different types of impellers, each type
especially suited to a particular pumping job. The types that
are most widely used is :
– Open impeller.
– Semi-open impeller.
HOME – closed impellers.

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IMPELLERS
Impeller Tip

BACK Impeller
Vane

HOME Impeller
Eye

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Impeller
Wear Ring
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SHAFT

BACK • Shaft are made of Steel or other corrosion resistance material .

• corrosion resistance material are used because of the high price

spend when replacing shafts. It is economical to install a high
quality shaft at the beginning to avoid continues waste of money.

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SHAFT

impeller
BACK Key &
Keyway

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Shaft
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SHAFT SLEEVES

BACK • On larger centrifugal pumps, a replaceable sleeve is slipped over

the pump shaft to protect it from corrosion or wear, notably at
those point where the shaft comes in contact with other parts of
the pump.

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SHAFT SLEEVES

Shaft
Sleeve
BACK

Shaft

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Impeller
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CASING

BACK • The enclosure surrounding the pump, impeller, shaft and packing
gland. It directs the flow of liquid into and out of the pump. Usually
casing are volute, double volute or diffuser type. So it can reduce
the speed and organize the fluid to change the speed energy to
pressure energy. casing material are depend on the media .

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CASING

BACK Casing

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CASINGS TYPE

BACK

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SEALS

BACK
There are two types of seals :
1. Packing.
2. Mechanical Seal.
Which is the main function is to seal the fluid around the shaft
to flow out side the casing.
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SEALS

BACK

Seal

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Shaft
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Casing Back Plate

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SEALS

BACK
• Packing:
– is the special packed
box around the shaft to
seal the fluid and it
consist of Graphite paste
of Teflon, depend upon
HOME the fluid and the
temperature. The
packing assembled
inside the box as rings
around the shaft and in
between, there is a
EXIT Lantern Ring for cooling.
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SEALS

BACK
Mechanical Seals:
It has the same application
for the packing but with more
advantages such as:
1. Long life.
2. Deals with high
HOME Pressure and
Temperature.
3. Better sealing ability.
4. Environmentally
friendly.

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BEARING

BACK • The drive shaft of a centrifugal pump is supported and aligned

with shaft bearing. The shaft bearing not only allow the shaft to
rotate with a minimum of friction, but also prevent the shaft from
moving along its own axis (axial motion) or its radius (radial
motion).

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BEARING

BACK Bearing
Housing Lubricating
Ring

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Bearings
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WEAR RINGS

BACK • Most enclosed impellers are equipped with wear rings. The purpose
of wear rings is to prevent internal leakage between the discharge
and suction sides of the impeller while at the same time protecting
both the impeller and the casing from wear, under normal
operations the impeller and the casing wear ring are lubricated by a
film of the liquid being pumped.
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TROUBLE SHOTING
Fault Causes Action
Pump not turning 1) Driver not running. 1) Check fuses, Circuits breakers.
2) Key sheared 2) Replace.
3) Drive belt slip 3) Check and adjust.
BACK 4) coupling fault 4) Check if slipping or broken;
replace if necessary.
5)Shaft or gear sheared 5) check; replace if necessary
Pump not priming 1) Inlet valve closed 1) Open valve
2) Inlet restricted 2) Check and clear
3) Air leak on suction side 3) Replace seal; check line(s) for leak
4) Liquid draining or 4) Fit check or foot valve foot valve to
siphoned from system prevent draining
HOME 5) Worn pump impeller 5) inspect; increase pump speed might
help; also fitting foot valve
Pump vibrates 1) Misalignment.
2) foundation not sufficiently rigid
3) impeller partialy clogged
causing imbalance
4) Michanical defects
a- Shaft bent
EXIT b- Rotating element binds
c- Worn bearing
5) Vaporizing in suction
6) Excessive capacity.
7) Suction strainer plugged.
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TROUBLE SHOTING
Fault Causes Action
pump not discharging 1) Leak of prime. 1) Open all vent to release traped air
and fill pump and suction pipe
BACK completely with liquid.
2) Excessive suction lift 2) Check pump inlet for clogging, etc;
causing excessive friction head. Or
check suction head.
3) Excessive discharge head 3) -Check that valves are open
-Check piping for obstructionor blockage.
HOME -check total head
4)Speed to low 4) Check that the pump rev/min is contestant
with manufacturre's recommendation
5) Pump clogged. 5) Check that impeller is not clogged.
6) Wrong direction of rotation. 6) Check thatpump is running in the correct
direction.
7) Vapor lock. 7) check that suction pipe is properly.
EXIT submerged.
8) Reliefvalve not properly 8) Check adjusment; check for dirt on
adjust. valve seat.
9) Air leak. 9) Check seals; check line(s) for air leak
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TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

• Single stage pump.

BACK • Single stage double suction pump.
• Vertical pump.
• Multistage pump.
• Sundyne pump.
HOME
• Submersible pump.

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SINGLE STAGE PUMP

BACK

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SINGLE STAGE DOUBLE
SUCTION

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VERTICAL INLINE PUMP

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MULTI-STAGE PUMP

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SUNDYNE PUMP

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2-STAGE SUBMERSIBLE PUMP

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THANK YOU

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FLASH CARD

BACK 1. Positive displacement pumps deliver a known quantity of

liquid with each stroke or rotation ?

True False
HOME
CORRECT
WRONG ANSWER

Positive displacement pumps, which includes both

reciprocating and rotary pumps, are characterized by the
fact that they deliver a known quantity of liquid with each
EXIT stroke or rotation
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FLASH CARD
2. Reciprocating pump is a double acting pump only, which
displaces liquid on forward and reverse stroke ?
BACK

True False
HOME
CORRECT
WRONG ANSWER

Reciprocating pumps can be either single acting (which means they

displace liquid on the forward stroke only) or double acting (they
EXIT displace liquid on both forward and reverse stokes).
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FLASH CARD
3. The dynamic pumps operates by drawing liquid into the centre
of a spinning __________ which throws the liquid outward to
the discharge.
BACK
The correct answer is
– Shaft .
– Casing.
– Impeller.
– Wear rings.

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FLASH CARD
4. Centrifugal pumps operates in series only.

BACK

True False
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CORRECT
WRONG ANSWER

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FLASH CARD
5. Centrifugal pumps gives continues flow ?

BACK

True False
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CORRECT
WRONG ANSWER

Advantages:
1. It’s Cheap comparing with other pumps because it is
small
EXIT 2. Easy to disassemble and reassemble
3. Rotates quietly comparing to other pumps
4. Gives Continues Flow
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FLASH CARD
6. Any Centrifugal pump have the same type of components.
These components include an impeller, impeller and casing
wear ring, drive shaft, shaft sleeves, axial and radial thrust
BACK
bearing, packing boxes or mechanical seal and a casing.
• Which components are half stationary and half rotary?

• Casing & Casing wear ring.

• Shaft, Shaft sleeve, Impeller, Impeller wear ring.
• Mechanical seal & Bearing.
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Mechanical seal & Bearing.

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WRONG ANSWER WRONG ANSWER CORRECT
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FLASH CARD
7. Definitions:
– Is the enclosure around the pump, impeller, shaft and packing gland and it
BACK direct the flow of liquid into and out of the pump.

• Centrifugal pump.
The correct answer is
• Positive displacement pump.
• Pump casing.
• Pump foundation.

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FLASH CARD
8. Definitions:
– Is a replaceable part that is slipped over the pump shaft to protect it from
BACK corrosion or wear.

• Impeller.
• Packing. The correct answer is
• Sleeve.
• Mechanical seal.

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FLASH CARD
9. Definitions:
– Is the part that prevents internal leakage between the discharge and suction
BACK side and at the same time protecting both the impeller and the casing from
wear.

• Sleeve. The correct answer is

• Wear ring.
• Casing.
• Packing.

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FLASH CARD
10. Definitions:
– is the heart of the Centrifugal pump, it is the part that applies high energy
BACK force to fluid to give it velocity and momentum.

• Shaft.
• Impeller. The correct answer is
• Sleeve.
• Bearing.

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THANK YOU

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READ AGAIN

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