COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND
SAFETY

TRADE AREA Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW NC II)

SECTOR Metal and Engineering

UNIT OF COMPETENCY Practice Occupational Health and Safety

MODULE TITLE Practicing Occupational Health and Safety

TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY
REGION IV-A
EL ROYALE HOTELIER TRAINING CENTER INC.
#37 CORDERO ST. BRGY. ANGELES ZONE IV
TAYABAS CITY, QUEZON

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Module content ................................................................................. 4
Learning outcome ................................................................................. 5-6
summary
Learning Experiences ................................................................................. 7
INFORMATION SHEET ................................................................................. 8-14
NO.4.1-1
Self-check 4.1-1 ….............................................................................. 15-16
Answer key 4.1-1 ................................................................................. 17
Task sheet 4.1-1 ................................................................................. 18
Performance criteria ................................................................................. 19
checklist

SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW NC II)

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
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 List of Basic Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Participate in Workplace Participating in workplace 500311105
Communication communication
2 Work in Team Environment Working in team 500311106
environment
3 Practice career Practicing career 500311107
professionalism professionalism
4 Practice occupational Practicing occupational 500311108
health and safety health and safety
procedures procedures

MODULE CONTENT

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Qualification: SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING NCII
Unit of Competency: PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Module Title: PRACTICING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Module Descriptor: This unit covers the outcomes required to comply with
regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health and safety.
Nominal Duration: 4 Hours

Learning Outcome:

Upon completion of this module, you must be able to:

LO1. Identify hazards and risks.
LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
LO3. Control hazards and risks.
LO4. Maintain Occupational Health and Safety Awareness

Assessment Criteria:

1. Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control practices and
procedures are clarified and explained based on organization procedures.
2. Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators are
identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace and
environment in accordance with organization procedures.
3. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with
organization procedures.
4. Terms of maximum tolerable limits which when exceeded will result in
harm or damage are identified based on threshold limit values (TLV)
5. Effects of the hazards are determined.
6. OHS issues and/or concerns and identified safety hazards are reported
to designated personnel in accordance with workplace requirements and
relevant workplace OHS legislation.
7. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures for controlling
hazards/risks in workplace are consistently followed.
8. Procedures for dealing with workplace accidents, fire and emergencies
are followed in accordance with organization OHS policies.
9. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance with
organization OHS procedures and practices.
10. Appropriate assistance is provided in the event of a workplace emergency
in accordance with established organization protocol.
11. Emergency-related drills and trainings are participated in as per
established organization guidelines and procedures.
12. OHS personal records are completed and updated in accordance with
workplace requirements.
LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME: LO1. Identify hazards and risks.

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 LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
LO3. Control hazards and risks.
LO4. Maintain Occupational Health and Safety
Awareness

CONTENTS:

 Occupational Health and safety

 Types of hazard
 6 Lean S

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Safety regulations and workplace safety and hazard control

practices and procedures are clarified and explained based on
organization procedures.
 Hazards/risks in the workplace and their corresponding indicators
are identified to minimize or eliminate risk to co-workers, workplace
and environment in accordance with organization procedures.
 Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized and established in accordance with
organization procedures.
 Terms of maximum tolerable limits which when exceeded will result
in harm or damage are identified based on threshold limit values
(TLV)
 Effects of the hazards are determined.
 OHS issues and/or concerns and identified safety hazards are
reported to designated personnel in accordance with workplace
requirements and relevant workplace OHS legislation.
 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures for controlling
hazards/risks in workplace are consistently followed.
 Procedures for dealing with workplace accidents, fire and
emergencies are followed in accordance with organization OHS
policies.
 Personal protective equipment (PPE) is correctly used in accordance
with organization OHS procedures and practices.
 Appropriate assistance is provided in the event of a workplace
emergency in accordance with established organization protocol.
 Emergency-related drills and trainings are participated in as per
established organization guidelines and procedures.
 OHS personal records are completed and updated in accordance
with workplace requirements.

CONDITIONS:

The students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Writing materials (pen & paper)
 References (books)

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  Manuals

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

 Demonstration
 Interviews
 Written test

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

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 Learning Activities Special Instructions

Information Sheet No. 4.1-1 Read Information Sheet No. 4.1-1 Explain
the difference between the intrapersonal and
interpersonal skills through the information
sheet.

Self-Check No. 4.1-1 Answer Self-Check No. 4.1-1; compare your

answers to the Answer key on the next page.
Avoid looking at the answer sheet before
answering self-check.

Task Sheet No. 4.1-1 Perform Task Sheet No. 4.1-1 entitled
Preventing Hazard and Risk, this
performance task will be assessing through
the performance criteria checklist. That is
located on the next page after the task sheet
No. 4.1-1

INFORMATION SHEET No. 4-1.1

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 Occupational Health and Safety
(Hazard and Risks)

Learning Objective:
After reading the Information Sheet, the trainee must be able to:

Differentiate the different types and methods of hazard.

Identify the safety regulation in regulation.
Maintain the occupational health and safety awareness on workplace.

INTRODUCTION

Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to

as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or occupational
safety, is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health,
and welfare of people at occupation. These terms also refer to the goals of this
field, so their use in the sense of this article was originally an abbreviation
of occupational safety and health program/department etc.
The goal of an occupational safety and health program is to foster a safe and
healthy occupational environment. OSH also protects all the general public
who may be affected by the occupational environment.
In common-law jurisdictions, employers have a common law duty, (also called
duty of care) to take reasonable care of the safety of their employees. Statute
law may, in addition, impose other general duties, introduce specific duties,
and create government bodies with powers to regulate occupational safety
issues: details of this vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
A hazard is a source or a situation with the potential for harm in terms
of human injury or ill-health, damage to property, damage to the environment,
or a combination of these. ... An unwanted event is a situation or condition
where there is a loss of control of the hazard that leads to harm.
A hazard is anything that could cause harm. And, risk, is a combination
of two things – the chance that the hazard will cause harm and how serious
that harm could be.

Different types of Hazards

1. Biological. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals,
etc., that can cause adverse health impacts. For example, mould, blood
and other bodily fluids, harmful plants, sewage, dust and vermin.
2. Chemical. Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause
harm. These hazards can result in both health and physical impacts,

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 such as skin irritation, respiratory system irritation, blindness, corrosion
and explosions.
3. Physical. Physical hazards are environmental factors that can harm an
employee without necessarily touching them, including heights, noise,
radiation and pressure.
4. Safety. These are hazards that create unsafe working conditions. For
example, exposed wires or a damaged carpet might result in a tripping
hazard. These are sometimes included under the category of physical
hazards.
5. Ergonomic. Ergonomic hazards are a result of physical factors that can
result in musculoskeletal injuries. For example, a poor workstation setup
in an office, poor posture and manual handling.
6. Psychosocial. Psychosocial hazards include those that can have an
adverse effect on an employee’s mental health or wellbeing. For example,
sexual harassment, victimization, stress and workplace violence.

How to Identify and Prevent a Hazard?

Now that you know the types of hazards that may be present in the
workplace, how do you go about identifying them and preventing them?
Identifying and preventing hazards doesn’t happen with a single act. In order to
protect your workplace and staff to the fullest, it’s crucial to implement and
follow through with a workplace safety plan.
Develop a Plan
The first step in preventing hazards is to identify them, and the first step
in identifying the hazards is to develop a plan that can be implemented and
followed consistently.
Existing Information
Information that may already be available can help to highlight the
hazards and risks associated with features in your workplace. This could
include instruction and operating manuals for machinery, chemical safety data
sheets (SDS), or simply reviewing warning labels and signage.
Prior Incidents
It’s likely that your workplace has already suffered accidents in the past.
Even if these were small and didn’t result in injuries they can provide valuable
insights into the type of hazards that may be present in your workplace.

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 Analysing prior incident reports, workers compensation claims, results of
analysis and reports in both your workplace and related industries can be all
excellent ways of collecting information on hazards that are already known.
Diligent Reporting
Collecting information on incidents when they occur will help to build a
profile of the types of hazards and risks that are present in your workplace.
Reports should document the type of incident, any injuries that were suffered,
the contributing hazards or risk factors, and any action that will be taken in
the future to mitigate them.
Regular Reassessment
Reporting reactively can only go so far in protecting the workplace.
Proactive and regular assessment of the workplace, for instance with weekly
walkthroughs, will help to flag both existing and newly developed hazards.
Staff Feedback
This is especially important in industries where the management may
not be regularly present in the primary workplace with the highest risk factors,
e.g. construction or factory settings. The staff who experience the hazards will
likely be the first to notice them. Provide systems to collect and act on quality
feedback from staff.

How to control hazard and risks in workplace?

Control measures include actions that can be taken to reduce the
potential of exposure to the hazard, or the control measure could be to remove
the hazard or to reduce the likelihood of the risk of the exposure to that hazard
being realized. A simple control measure would be the secure guarding of
moving parts of machinery eliminating the potential for contact. When we look
at control measures, we often refer to the hierarchy of control measures.

1. Eliminate the Elimination of the hazard is not always achievable

hazard though it does totally remove the hazard and thereby
eliminates the risk of exposure. An example of this
would be that petrol station attendants in Ireland are
no longer exposed to the risk of chronic lead poisoning
following the removal of lead from petrol products sold
at forecourts.
2. Substitute the Substituting the hazard may not remove all of the
hazard with a hazards associated with the process or activity and
lesser risk may introduce different hazards but the overall harm
or health effects will be lessened. In laboratory
research, toluene is now often used as a substitute for
benzene. The solvent-properties of the two are similar
but toluene is less toxic and is not categorised as a
carcinogen although toluene can cause severe
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 neurological harm.
3. Isolate the Isolating the hazard is achieved by restricting access to
hazard plant and equipment or in the case of substances
locking them away under strict controls. When using
certain chemicals then a fume cupboard can isolate the
hazard from the person, similarly placing noisy
equipment in a non-accessible enclosure or room
isolates the hazard from the person(s).
4. Use engineering Engineering Controls involve redesigning a process to
controls place a barrier between the person and the hazard or
remove the hazard from the person, such as machinery
guarding, proximity guarding, extraction systems or
removing the operator to a remote location away from
the hazard.
5. Use Administrative controls include adopting standard
administrative operating procedures or safe work practices or
controls providing appropriate training, instruction or
information to reduce the potential for harm and/or
adverse health effects to person(s). Isolation and permit
to work procedures are examples of administrative
controls.
6. Use personal Personal protective equipment (PPE) include gloves,
protective glasses, earmuffs, aprons, safety footwear, dust masks
equipment which are designed to reduce exposure to the hazard.
PPE is usually seen as the last line of defence and is
usually used in conjunction with one or more of the
other control measures. An example of the weakness of
this control measure is that it is widely recognised that
single-use dust masks cannot consistently achieve and
maintain an effective facepiece-to-face seal, and cannot
be adequately fit-tested and do not offer much, if any
real protection against small particulates and may lead
to a false sense of security and increase risk. In such
instances an extraction system with fitted respirators
may be preferable where the hazard may have
significant health effects from low levels of exposure
such as using isocyante containing chemicals.

Signs and their location:

Danger Signs – are used only where immediate hazards exist. They are printed
in red as the predominating color.
Caution Signs – are used to warn against potential hazards.
Exit Signs – are printed in legible red letters for exits.
Safety Instructions Signs
Accidental Prevention Tags – are used as temporary means of warning to
existing hazards, such as defection, tools and equipment.
Barricades – are used for protection of employees.
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Occupation Health and Safety (OHS) Procedures for controlling hazards
and risks. 
     1. Conduct a hazard assessment like 
Survey workplace to identify hazards (put them in writing)
Determine whether any hazard required Personal Protective Equipment.
Pay attention to working conditions that can produce hazards.
Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is
installed.  
2. Select appropriate equipment. Ensure that all Personal Protective.
Equipment used is the right kind of equipment for the job and is
maintained properly. 
     3. Have knowledge on the following: 
Which PPE is necessary?
How to identify if it fits properly?
How to put on, remove, adjust and wear Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)?
How to dispose of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?
The limitation of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents, fire and Emergencies. 

    A. Dealing with Accidents
Keep calm, don’t panic and study the situation.
Report immediately to your teacher
Apply first aid to the victim while waiting for a nurse or a physician.
Bring the patient to the nearest clinic or hospital. 
     B. Dealing with Fire
Do not panic, stay calm.
Call the attention of everybody.
Use your firefighting equipment to control extinguish the fire.
Call the office or the fire station. 
     C. Dealing with Emergencies
Stay calm and study the situation.
Call the attention of your teacher.

6S Lean: 5S + Safety
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 6S (otherwise known as 5S + Safety) is a system that aims to promote
and sustain a high level of productivity and safety throughout a workspace.
While adhering to the 5S principle of Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize,
and Sustain, the 6S method adds the concept of Safety. 6 S lean not only helps
organizations promote efficient working environments but also establishes a
sustainable culture of safety.
The 6 S’s in 6S Lean
What are the components of the 6s lean methodology and what are their importance in
the overall system? Let us walk through each of the 6 S.

1. Sort (Seiri) 

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 Sorting, the first step in the 6s methodology, aims to reduce clutter
and make it easier for essential work items to be easily located for
improved efficiency. “Red tagging” is often done to mark unnecessary
items for immediate disposal, while “yellow tagging” can be applied for
those items that can be temporarily kept off-site for future use.
2. Set in order (Seiton) 
In this stage of the 6 S system,  items, equipment, and work
materials tagged as essential in the first stage should be placed in an
organized manner in the most logical locations. The objective of ‘Set in
Order’ (or ‘Straighten’) is to establish a systematic way of storing and
retrieving items, thus helping maximize accessibility and space.
3. Shine (Seiso) 
After non-essential items have been removed and essential items
have been organized, the next step is cleansing. The third stage of the 6s
lean system, also known as ‘Shine’, includes activities, such as cleaning
the workplace, maintaining its pleasant appearance, and using
preventive steps to keep workspaces tidy and clean. The objective is to
create an environment that prevents injuries and products from being
stained due to uncleanliness.
4. Standardize (Seiketsu)
‘Standardize’ is the fourth 6s method stage that aims to establish a
new workplace norm by identifying best practices and creating consistent
procedures for the first three stages. It aims to help people have the same
work routines in their processes and develop more efficient habits.  This
can be done by providing visual reminders, setting expectations of
workers’ responsibility, and conducting routine inspections and regular
site checks.
5. Sustain (Shitsuke)
This is the most challenging step of the 6S method as the goal is to
ensure that standardized procedures are applied continually over a long
period of time until it becomes second nature in day-to-day work.
6. Safety
Lastly, 6S lean features Safety as the final step added to the
standard 5S methodology many have been used to. This essential step of
6 S focuses on identifying hazards and setting preventive controls to
keep workers safe during work operations and ensure that the work
environment meet required safety standards. 

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 Self-Check 4.1-1
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the choices given.

_______ 1. Anything which may cause injury or ill.

a. Hazard
b. Risk
c. Chemical
d. Illness
_______ 2. This hazard includes floors, stairs, work platforms, steps,
ladders, fire, falling objects, slippery surfaces, manual handling(lifting,
pushing, pulling), excessively loud and prolonged noise, vibration, heat and
cold, radiation, poor lighting, ventilation, air quality.
a. Physical
b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
________3. This hazard includes electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes, hoists.
a. Physical
b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
________4. This hazard includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons
and those that could lead to fire or explosion, cleaning agents, dusts, fibers,
mists, gases, vapors and fumes from various processes such as welding.
a. Physical
b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
________5. This hazard includes bacteria, viruses, mold, mildew, insects,
vermin, animals, plants, parasites, mites and fungi.
a. Physical
b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
________6. This is part of 6 lean S which eliminate all the things in the
workspace that are not being used and store them away.
a. Sort (Seiri)
b. Set in Order (Seiton) 
c. Shine (Seiso)
d. Standardize (Seiketsu) 
e. Sustain (Shitsuke) 
________7. This is part of 6 lean S which arrange the items used on a daily
basis so that they can be easily accessed and quickly stored.
a. Sort (Seiri)
b. Set in Order (Seiton) 
c. Shine (Seiso)
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 d. Standardize (Seiketsu) 
e. Sustain (Shitsuke) 

________8. This is part of 6 lean S which everything is cleaned and functioning

properly.
a. Sort (Seiri)
b. Set in Order (Seiton) 
c. Shine (Seiso)
d. Standardize (Seiketsu) 
e. Sustain (Shitsuke) 

________9. This is part of 6 lean S which develop a routine for sorting, setting
and shining.
a. Sort (Seiri)
b. Set in Order (Seiton) 
c. Shine (Seiso)
d. Standardize (Seiketsu) 
e. Sustain (Shitsuke) 

________10. This is part of 6 lean S which create a culture that follows the steps
on a daily basis.
a. Sort (Seiri)
b. Set in Order (Seiton) 
c. Shine (Seiso)
d. Standardize (Seiketsu) 
e. Sustain (Shitsuke) 

Answer Key
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1. A
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. E

TASK SHEET No. 4-1.1

Preventing Hazard and Risk

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 The trainees should follow the rules and regulation
Performance Objective:
inside the training workplace.
Writing materials (paper and pen)
Supplies and Materials:
PPE
Equipment: None
1. Design or re-organize to eliminate hazards.
2. Substitute the hazard with something
safer.
Steps and Procedure: 3. Isolate the hazard from people.
4. Use engineering controls.
5. Use administrative controls.
6. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Simulation/Practical test with oral questioning
Assessment Method:
Oral or Written Test

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Did you . . . . YES NO

1. Identify the different tools and equipment?

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 2. Identify and use Personal Protective Equipment?
3. Understand how to prevent hazard and risk?
4. Know how to recognize the symbols and signs?

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health

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https://conserve.com.au/identifying-hazards-in-the-workplace-and-why-its-
important/
https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Topics/Hazards/
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-51.html
https://safetyculture.com/topics/6s-lean/

SELF – CHECK # 4.1-1

Direction: Choose the correct
answer from the choices given.
_______ 1. Anything which
may cause injury or ill.
a. hazard b. risk c.
chemical d. illness
________2. This hazard
includes floors, stairs, work
platforms, steps,
ladders, fire, falling objects,
slippery surfaces, manual
handling
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(lifting, pushing, pulling),
excessively loud and prolonged
noise,
vibration, heat and cold,
radiation, poor lighting,
ventilation, air
quality
. a.. Physical
b. Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
_______3. This hazard
includes electricity, machinery,
equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, fork
lifts, cranes, hoists

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 a. Physical b.
Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
d. Biological
______4. This hazard
includes chemical substances
such as acids or
poisons and those that could
lead to fire or explosion,
cleaning
agents, dusts, fibers, mists,
gases, vapors and fumes
from
various processes such as
welding
a.. Physical .b.
Mechanical/Electrical
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 .c. Chemical
d. Biological
________5. This hazard
includes bacteria, viruses,
mold, mildew, insects,
vermin, animals, plants,
parasites, mites and fungi.
a. Physical b.
Mechanical/Electrical
c. Chemical
. d. Biologic

Competency-based Learning Material Date Issued by:

for SHIELDED METAL ARC Developed: EL ROYALE
WELDING NC II HOTELIER Page 23 of
TRAINING 23
Module Title: Developed CENTER INC.
by:
Practicing Occupational Health
and Safety