Planning and Civil Society in

the Twenty-First Century

Peter Marris

In Planning and Civil Society in the Twenty-First Century, Peter Marris presents an

overview of how the relationship between civil society, social movements and planning has

evolved in the 21st century. He discusses how civil society has become both a powerful force in

the development of economic, social, and environmental policy, and the target of many planning

policies. Marris argues that it is clear from both current and historical research that, if planning is

to be effective, it needs to be rooted in meaningful relationships between civil society, social

movements, and planning institutions. He posits that planning must now learn to work with civil

society, embracing its energy and creativity, but respecting its autonomy and independence.

Through the use of case studies and examples, he demonstrates how planning can blend the

contributions of civil society with formal institutions and processes, helping to create more

equitable outcomes in urban areas.

Additionally, he maintains that by recognizing the strengths of civil society and its

ability to manage collective resources and foster dialogue, planners may be better equipped to

create sustainable environments. Ultimately, Marris stresses that planning must move toward a

model of mutual support, in which the interests of those engaging in planning are clarified and

respected, and their input is valued and included in decisions.