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10/12/21, 9:12 PM (1) Do you know Fault MVAsc of your Source? Its Simple!!!!! Find it here.
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Do you know Fault MVAsc of

your Source? Its Simple!!!!!
Find it here.
Published on February 14, 2020
Pradip Desai
Manager - Power system Studies at System Protection Electrical Engineers &
Consultants.
2 articles
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10/12/21, 9:12 PM (1) Do you know Fault MVAsc of your Source? Its Simple!!!!! Find it here. | LinkedIn
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Fault MVAsc : Mega Volt Amperes short circuit (MVAsc), in the
context of ETAP, appears to be the total apparent power available under
short circuit conditions.
A Short Circuit Study is an important in determining the ratings of

electrical switchgear equipment to be installed in a project. It is also
used as a basis in Settings calculation for Protection devices.
Computer software simplifies this process, but for this to happen
precisely, we need to feed accurate data. Basic Aim of Fault level
calculation is:
1. To ascertain the minimum and maximum fault level of system for

different operating philosophy for different voltage level.
2. To check and verify actual fault current in the system against

installed capacity of switchgear.
3. To determine the Short circuit duty (kA) imposed on circuit

interrupting devices (Device duty) like Circuit breakers and fuses.
4. Assessing fault contributions and their parameters from

different fault contributing sources such as Grid, Generators
and Motors.
5. Reviewing the Short Circuit Voltage Dip profile across different

sections of the system.
In order to execute this analysis rightly and precisely, we must have

data of Source MVAsc, i.e. fault level of source supplying to electrical
system. In case of Captive generation, we can get this data by scrolling
down Generator Manufacturer datasheets or some project time data.
But when users are getting their power demand being supplied by
UTILITY, most of the time this becomes task to get the correct data.
Well, this Article is published to rectify such problems with most

feasible, reliable and proven technical solution.
Let us consider a case where plant electrical system is being supplied

by UTILITY. In such cases, we all know that all the plants are having
their own Power Transformer being supplied by UTILITY as a source.
Such typical system has been shown in figure as under:
No alt text provided for this image
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It is evident that Power Transformer will only supply OR pass (with
some deduction due to its own impedance) what it will get from the
source, here UTILITY.
Whenever any fault occurs in the system, maximum value of fault

current that may observe in the system mainly depends upon,
whichever is lesser:
1. Short Circuit MVAsc of source. OR
2. Short Circuit MVA of Power Transformer.
Let us see some illustrative simulations to prove above conditions as

under:
Where,
- Grid/UTILITY is at 132 kV
- Power Transformer is of 5 MVA and its Fault MVAsc

(MVA/%Z) is 69.93
- Distribution Transformer is of 2 MVA and its fault MVAsc

(MVA/%Z) is 32
- Maximum value of fault current at 11 kV according to power

transformer fault MVAsc is 3.669 kA approx.
Case 1: Source Fault MVAsc Lesser than Power Transformer Fault

MVAsc
Source Fault MVAsc = Power

Transformer MVAsc/15
Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is only 0.223 KA

against 3.669 kA capacity of Transformer. It is evident that it follows
the UTILITY capacity, since it’s being lesser compared to Power
Transformer.
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Case 2: Source Fault MVAsc equal

to Power Transformer MVAsc
Source Fault
MVAsc = Power
Transformer
MVAsc
Result : Maximum value of Fault

at 11 kV Bus is only 1.922 KA
against 3.669 kA capacity of
Transformer. If this would have
been ideal system ( Zero
Impedance), we would have got
3.699 kA.
Case 3: Source Fault MVAsc in multiples of Power Transformer

MVAsc:
Source Fault MVAsc = 15 x

Power Transformer MVAsc
Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is 3.741 kA, which is

approximately equals to maximum capacity of Power Transformer as
Cable impedance has not been considered here.
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Case 4: Source Fault MVAsc way

higher in multiples of Power
Transformer MVAsc:
Source Fault
MVAsc = 28 x
Power
Transformer
MVAsc
Result : Maximum value of Fault

at 11 kV Bus is 3.879 kA, which is
approximately equals to maximum
capacity of Power Transformer as
Cable impedance has not been
considered here.
Case 5: Source Fault MVAsc way higher in multiples of Power

Transformer MVAsc:
Source Fault MVAsc = 43 x

Power Transformer MVAsc
Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is 3.928 kA, which is

approximately equals to maximum capacity of Power Transformer as
Cable impedance has not been considered here.
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Case 6: Source Fault MVAsc way

higher in multiples of Power
Transformer MVAsc:
Source Fault
MVAsc = 71 x
Power
Transformer
MVAsc
Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11

kV Bus is 3.967 kA, which is
approximately equals to maximum
capacity of Power Transformer as Cable
impedance has not been considered here
Summarising all the results in table as

under:
From the table above, it is evident that value of fault current on 11 kV

bus is approximately equals the maximum capacity of Transformer
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fault current, even after increasing the Fault MVAsc capacity of source
by multiples of Transformer maximum capacity.
Hence in case, if during short circuit calculation or simulation, if we are

not aware about the value of Source MVAsc, we can use that of Power
Transformer as a thumb rule. In actual scenario it will never exceed
above stated consideration with Power Transformer feeding the system.
Your Suggetions/inputs shall be appreciated.
Pradip Desai
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Pradip Desai 2 Follow
Manager - Power system Studies at System Protection Electrical
Engineers & Consultants. articles
Published • 1y
Do you know Fault MVAsc of your Source? Its Simple!!!!! Find it here.
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Pradip Desai •
3rd+ 1y
Consultants.
Dear Connections, i truely appreciate your overwhelming response and interest.

This truely motivates me to write more.
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3 Reply
Thembinkosi Godfrey Blom •

3rd+ 1y
O&M Plant Supervisor (GCC -Factories)
Great article very informative, the images are those from Etap short circuit analysis
?
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1 Reply · 3 Replies
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Pradip Desai •
3rd+ 1y
Consultants.
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Thembinkosi Godfrey Blom Anytime. 1

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10/12/21, 9:12 PM (1) Do you know Fault MVAsc of your Source? Its Simple!!!!! Find it here.

Home My Network Jobs Messaging Notifications Me Work

Do you know Fault MVAsc of

A Short Circuit Study is an important in determining the ratings of

1. To ascertain the minimum and maximum fault level of system for

2. To check and verify actual fault current in the system against

3. To determine the Short circuit duty (kA) imposed on circuit

4. Assessing fault contributions and their parameters from

5. Reviewing the Short Circuit Voltage Dip profile across different

In order to execute this analysis rightly and precisely, we must have

Well, this Article is published to rectify such problems with most

Let us consider a case where plant electrical system is being supplied

No alt text provided for this image

Whenever any fault occurs in the system, maximum value of fault

1. Short Circuit MVAsc of source. OR

2. Short Circuit MVA of Power Transformer.

Let us see some illustrative simulations to prove above conditions as

- Power Transformer is of 5 MVA and its Fault MVAsc

- Distribution Transformer is of 2 MVA and its fault MVAsc

- Maximum value of fault current at 11 kV according to power

Case 1: Source Fault MVAsc Lesser than Power Transformer Fault

Source Fault MVAsc = Power

Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is only 0.223 KA

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Case 2: Source Fault MVAsc equal

Result : Maximum value of Fault

Case 3: Source Fault MVAsc in multiples of Power Transformer

Source Fault MVAsc = 15 x

Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is 3.741 kA, which is

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Case 4: Source Fault MVAsc way

Result : Maximum value of Fault

Case 5: Source Fault MVAsc way higher in multiples of Power

Source Fault MVAsc = 43 x

Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11 kV Bus is 3.928 kA, which is

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Case 6: Source Fault MVAsc way

Result : Maximum value of Fault at 11

Summarising all the results in table as

From the table above, it is evident that value of fault current on 11 kV

Hence in case, if during short circuit calculation or simulation, if we are

Your Suggetions/inputs shall be appreciated.

Like Comment Share

Dear Connections, i truely appreciate your overwhelming response and interest.

Thembinkosi Godfrey Blom •

Load previous replies

Home My Network Jobs Messaging Notifications Me Work

More from Pradip Desai

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