IT SKILLS & DATA ANALYSIS

PRESENTATION
- Riya Thomas
B.Sc. Mathematics Honours (22BMAT040)

ANSWER:

Less than Frequency Cumulative Frequency Cumulative R F

2 30 30 0.075
3 40 70 0.175
5 40 110 0.275
7 90 200 0.5
9 70 270 0.675
11 50 320 0.8
13 50 370 0.925
15 30 400 1
400
 Less than Ogive
450 400
370
400
320
350
270
Frequency 300
250 200
200
150 110
70
100
30
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Number of minutes spent

(c) At least 280/400 = 70% and at most 330/400 = 82.5% took longer than 4
minutes.

No. of Books checked out (x) Frequency f*x

0 3 0
1 3 3
2 7 14
3 3 9
4 2 8
5 1 5
6 0 0
7 1 7
20 46
 Library Poll
8
7
6 7
FREQUENCY

5
4
3
2 3 3 3
1 2
1 0 1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
NUMBER OF BOOKS CHECKED OUT

ANSWER:
(a) As the most occurring frequency is 2, so MODE = 2.
(b) To find Mean, we will use the following formula:
∑ 𝑓𝑥
x̄ =
𝑛

MEAN = 46/20 = 2.3

(c) As the distribution is skewed, mode will be the suitable measure as mean
will get affected by the extreme values.
ANSWER: As we are finding out the sample mean and sample variance
we will be taking N-1 instead of N, which will be 44 in this case.
We will be using the following formulae:
∑ 𝑓𝑥
For Mean: x̄ =
𝑛

For Variance:

For Standard deviation:

Class Mark
Annual Return (%) LL UL (x) Frequency f*x
11.0 - 11.9 11 11.9 11.45 2 22.9
12.0 - 12.9 12 12.9 12.45 2 24.9
13.0 - 13.9 13 13.9 13.45 8 107.6
14.0 - 14.9 14 14.9 14.45 10 144.5
15.0 - 15.9 15 15.9 15.45 11 169.95
16.0 - 16.9 16 16.9 16.45 8 131.6
17.0 - 17.9 17 17.9 17.45 3 52.35
18.0 - 18.9 18 18.9 18.45 1 18.45
45 672.25

x-µ (x-µ)^2 f*(x-µ)^2

-3.49 12.17235 278.7467
-2.49 6.194568 154.2447
-1.49 2.21679 238.5266
-0.49 0.239012 34.53728
0.51 0.261235 44.39681
1.51 2.283457 300.5029
2.51 6.305679 330.1023
3.51 12.3279 227.4498
1608.507
 (a)
MEAN 14.94
Variance 0.95
Standard Deviation 0.98

(b) By Chebyshev’s Theorem, we can expect at least 75% of the data to lie in
the interval: µ ± 2sd = ((14.94 – 2(0.98), 14.94 + 2(0.98)) = (12.98, 16.9)
So looking at the data we can clearly see that all the observations from the 2nd
class to the 6th class lie in this interval. So approximately 39/45 = 86.88% of the
data lie in this interval.
(c) By Chebyshev’s Theorem, we can expect at least 68% of the data to lie in the
interval: µ ± 1sd = ((14.94 – 0.98), (14.94 + 0.98)) = (13.96, 15.92)
So looking at the data we can clearly see that all the observations from the 3rd
class to the 5th class lie in this interval. So approximately 29/45 = 64.44% of the
data lie in this interval.