Professional Documents
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IPT - All Topic Key Terms
IPT - All Topic Key Terms
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KEY TERMS
Communication skills:
Active listening
Conflict resolution
Interview Techniques
Negotiation skills
Team building
Diagrams in designing:
Context Diagram
Data flow Diagram
Data Dictionary
Decision Tree and Decision Table
Storyboards
Implementation plan: participant training, method conversion, when system tested, data
conversion
4 methods of conversion
Testing, Evaluating and Maintaining: 5th stage or final stage, continues through SDLC
Tasks
Testing requirements
Trialling operational manual
Evaluation performance
Review effect - users, participants and people
Maintaining to meet requirements
Modifying - problems identified
Types of Tests
Privacy
Nature of employment
Working conditions - ergonomics
Deskilling
Loss of social contact
1 to 1
1 to many
Many to many: fixed through creating a joining table that has two 1 to many
relationships
Types of Navigation
Linear
Hierarchical
Non-linear
Composite
Optical Storage: layer, pit and flat area, laser, photoelectric cell
SQL
Consistency
Grouping
White Space
Colours and Graphics
Legibility of Text
Issues: acknowledgement of data sources, access ownership and control, accuracy and
reliability of data
Online Analytical Processing: technique, decision makers, statistical evidence, past trends,
critical information visually online
1. Application
2. Communication Control and Addressing
3. Transmission
Data link layer: how transmission media shared, transmission hardware, size pockets, speed
transfer
Physical layer: physical transfer, hardware, converts bits signal, twisted pair, coaxial, optic
How messages travel: ascend protocol stack | decoded receiver → protocol highest lowest -
examines, error checks, removes headers/trailers → next protocol similar process → arrives
destination.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol [http]: web browsers, communicate/retrieve web pages from
web servers.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol [SMTP]: relay emails sources to recipients mail server
Measurements of Speed
Teleconferencing
Message Systems
Electronic Banking
EFTPOS
Internet Banking
Teleconferencing steps → setup call on server → host pin → creation of Guest PIN →
participants enter conference
Messaging Systems
Telephone: voice travels via copper wire, public switched telephone network, microphone,
speaker
Email: envelope (info, transfer, message, destination) - contents (actual message) - SMTP
analyses envelope/contents, sender/receiver
Electronic Commerce
Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS): keypad, magnetic stripe reader
NETWORK HARDWARE
Transmission Media
Wired:
Twisted pair: twisted copper wire, plastic insulation, outer sheath
Coaxial Cable: solid copper core, nylon insulator, aluminium foil wrap, braided
copper, plastic sheath
Optic Fibre Cable: one or more optical fibres → waveguide containing
light waves, glass core, surrounded glass cladding
Wireless:
Point to point Terrestrial Microwave: relay signals, large distances, direct sight
transmitter/receiver
Satellite: microwaves signals, out of orbit
Wireless LANs: microwave signals frequency 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Bluetooth: short-range transmission, 2.4 GHz frequency
Infrared: frequencies above microwaves, direct line transmission
Mobile (5G): mobile base station - PSTN (Internet), transmitter (phone) talks base
station
SERVER
Adding/Removing Users
Assigning printers
Assigning File Access Rights
Directory Permissions
File Permissions
Installation of software
Internet fraud
Power and control
Removal of physical boundaries - globalisation
Interpersonal issues - social media
Work and employment issues
Blogs
Wikis
RSS Feeds
Podcasts
Online Radio, Video on demand (VOD) Netflix, streaming
Data Integrity: how accurate data matches its source -validation, verification, ACID
properties
Atomicity: Transaction never incomplete e.g., ticket paid for but not reserved
Durability: Result transaction are made permanent e.g., purchased ticket but system fails
(no ticket recorded)
Transaction log: Transactions recorded on log, once completed the transaction is either
committed or rolled back.
Real time (On-line) Transaction processing: complete transactions immediately they have
been initiated
Reservation Systems
Point of Sale System
Library Loan System
Cheque Clearance
Generation of bills and invoices
Credit Card Transactions
Incremental Backup: Partial backup, copy of data change since last backup, fats and less
storage
Differential Backup: Partial Backup, copy of data since last full backup, copies of data,
where archive bit = true
Transaction Log: details transactions made since log and data last backed up, real time
record transactions
Backup Media:
Magnetic Tape
Hard Disks
Optical Media - CD/DVD
Online Systems -Cloud storage - Dropbox/icloud
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Backup Procedures:
Collection Hardware:
MICR: ink toner contains ferromagnetic material (can be magnetised) to print characters on
cheques. MICR line position across bottom of cheque. Technologies for MICR:
waveform/matrix readers.
RFID: identify individual articles sending data from tag - reader using radio waves
Data warehouse
Management Information Systems
Decision Support Systems
Data Warehouse: large database, store historical data - all operational databases. Source
data analysing trends, future predictions, business decisions
OLAP: real time decision support system that analyses existing data to produce
OLTP: real time processing of transactions. Produces new/modified data as the transaction
is completed. The transaction data resulting from OLTP exported and recognised to form the
data cubes used by OLAP software.
Alternative non computer procedures: what to do when power is lost, fire, theft, comm
lines broken
Data security, integrity and quality issues: using passwords, backups copies, physical
barriers, anti virus software, firewalls, data encryption, audit trails
Hyperlinks: HTML links → anchor tags <a href=linked doc or URL > and </a> The first part
links to a document or website, text or media that becomes the links
Audio: Sequencing sound samples, Sound sample = binary number = amplitude original
sound wave
Images: bitmap = represents pixel as binary number. Binary number = colour of pixel.
Vector images = shapes, shapes described mathematically. Description includes: fill colour,
line colour, line weight, specs shape, size, location. Stored binary.
Animation: sequence bitmap images, single file. Sequence images create illusion
movement
Video: sequence bitmap images with synchronised sample sound track. Compressed lossy
techniques.
Lossy Compression: sacrifices some of the original data - reduce file size
MP3 audio format: compression removes parts of sound that won’t be heard by most
listeners
File Format
Resolution
Compression - speed of communication connection
Screens
Video Cards (Displaying adapters)
CRT Monitors (Cathode Ray Tube)
LCD based monitors (Liquid Crystal Display)
Plasma Screens
Head Up Display (HUD)
Audio
Sound Card
Speaker
Head-set - Virtual Reality
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Presentation Software
Word Processors with sound and video
Authoring Software
Animation Software
Web Browsers & HTML Editors
Linear navigation
Hierarchical navigation
Non-linear navigation
Composite navigation
Collecting:
Scanner
Digital Camera
Microphone and Sound Card
Video Camera
Storing:
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People in Multimedia
Content Providers: specialise provision media behalf copyright owners, maintain large
portfolios, work different creators/authors, negotiates contracts/licence fees use of content.
Systems Designers: control work stages SDLC, decide best solution, develop system
Project managers: control development process. Create project plan, ensure project is
completed with budget, on time, completion of tasks.
Technical Personnel: ensure final product will work with targeted hardware and software
Copyright Issues
Integrity of source of data