DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL

Secunderabad
NACHARAM | MAHENDRAHILLS/NADERGUL

SUBJECT : MATHEMATICS
TOPIC : STATISTICS & SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES CLASS : X
Name: ………………………………. Roll No : ………………………. Section : …………………

STATISTICS (8 MARKS)
Mean for grouped data
I. Direct method:
Steps to find mean by direct method
𝑳𝑳+𝑼𝑳
 find the class marks( 𝒙𝒊 ′𝒔 ) for each class interval; where 𝒙𝒊 = 𝟐

 find 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊

 find 𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 and 𝒇𝒊

𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊
 hence Mean 𝒙
̅=
𝒇𝒊

1). Find the mean for the following data

Class interval 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60

Frequency 2 6 9 7 4 2

2). Find the mean of the following data

Class interval 10 – 25 25 – 40 40 – 55 55 – 70 70 – 85 85 – 100

Frequency 2 3 7 6 6 6

II. Assumed mean method

 when 𝒙𝒊 ′𝒔 are very small we use direct method, but if 𝒙𝒊 ′𝒔 are very large we use assumed
mean method
 In this method, 𝒙𝒊 ′𝒔 are made smaller by subtraction.

Steps to find mean by assumed mean method

𝑳𝑳+𝑼𝑳
 Find the class marks( 𝒙𝒊 ′𝒔 ) for each class interval; where 𝒙𝒊 = 𝟐

 Assume any middle most value as assumed mean (a)

 Find deviations in every 𝒅𝒊 , i.e 𝒅𝒊 = 𝒙𝒊 − 𝒂

 Find 𝑓𝑖 𝑑𝑖 for every class interval

 Find 𝑓𝑖 𝑑𝑖 and 𝑓𝑖

𝒇𝒊 𝒅 𝒊
 Mean (𝑥̅ ) = 𝑎 +
 𝒇𝒊

3). Find the mean of the following data by using “Assumed mean method”

Class interval 10 – 25 25 – 40 40 – 55 55 – 70 70 – 85 85 – 100

Frequency 2 3 7 6 6 6

4). Find the mean of the following data by using “Assumed mean method”

Class interval 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60

Frequency 2 6 9 7 4 2

5).Find the mean of the following data by using “Assumed mean method”

Class interval 20 – 60 60 – 100 100 – 140 140 – 180 180 – 220 220 – 260

Frequency 7 5 16 12 2 3

6).Find the mean of the following frequency distribution, using the assumed-mean method:
Class 100 – 120 120 – 140 140 – 160 160 – 180 180 – 200

frequency 10 20 30 15 5

7).Find the mean of the following data, using the assumed-mean method:
Class 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120

Frequency 20 35 52 44 38 31
8). Find the missing frequencies 𝒇𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝟐 , if the mean of the following frequency
distribution is 50.

C.I 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 Total

Frequency 17 𝒇𝟏 32 𝒇𝟐 19 120

9).Find the unknown frequencies 𝒇𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝟐 , if the mean of the following frequency
distribution is 18.

C.I 11 – 13 13 – 15 15 – 17 17 – 19 19 – 21 21 – 23 23 – 25 Total

Frequency 7 𝒇𝟏 9 13 𝒇𝟐 5 4 64

Mode of grouped data:

* In a grouped frequency distribution the highest frequency determines the model class.

* The mode is hidden in the modal class and can be found out using the formula

𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎
𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆 (𝑴𝒐 ) = 𝒍 + ( )𝑿 𝒉
𝟐𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝟐

Where 𝑴𝒐  𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒

𝒍 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝒇𝟏  𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝒇𝟎  𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝒇𝟐  𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝒉 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

Note: For mode, the class intervals must be in continuous form

10).Find the mode for the following data.

Age 5 – 15 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65

No. of patients 6 11 21 23 14 15

11). Find the modal wage from the following data

Daily wages (in Rs) 31 – 36 37 – 42 43 – 48 49 – 54 55 – 60 61 – 66

No. of persons 6 12 20 15 9 4
12).Find the mode of the following data:
Class 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120 120 – 140

Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

13).Compute the mode of the following data:

Class 1–5 6– 11 – 16 – 21 – 26 – 31 – 36 – 41 – 46 –
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Frequency 3 8 13 18 28 20 13 8 6 4

14).Given below is the distribution of IQ of 100 students. Find the median IQ and modal
IQ.
IQ 75 – 85 – 95 – 105 – 115 – 125 – 135 –
84 94 104 114 124 134 144

Frequency 8 11 26 31 18 4 2

15).Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution if the mode is 154
and total frequency is 57.

Class 120 – 130 130 – 140 140 – 150 150 – 160 160 – 170 170 – 180

interval

Frequency 2 8 𝒙 𝒚 8 7

16). Find the unknown frequencies if the mode of the given data is 55

Class 0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 45 45 – 60 60 – 75 75 – 90 Total

interval

frequency 6 7 𝒙 15 10 𝒚 51

MEDIAN
Formula to find median for a grouped data
𝒏
−𝑪𝑭
𝟐
𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏(𝑴𝒆) = 𝒍 + ( ) 𝑿𝒉 Where,
𝒇
𝒍 → Lower boundary of median class

𝑪𝑭 → 𝐶𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝒇 → 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝒉 → 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒

𝒏 → 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

17).Find the median weight from the following data

Weight (in kg) 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55 55 – 60 60 – 65 65 – 70 70 - 75

No. of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2

18). Find the median marks from the following data

Marks 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 - 79

No. of students 2 4 8 9 4 2 1

19).Find the median of the following data:

marks 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 - 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80 80 – 90

No. of students 5 15 25 20 7 8 10

20).Find the median for the following frequency distribution:

Height (in cm) 160 – 162 163 – 165 166 – 168 169 – 171 172 – 174

Frequency 15 117 136 118 14

21).Find the median from the following data:

Marks Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

No. of 12 32 57 80 92 116 164 200

students

22). The median of the following data is 28.5, find the missing frequencies x and y.

Class interval 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 total

Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60
23).Find the missing frequencies ‘x’ and ‘y’ if the median of the following data is 525 and
total frequency is 100

Class interval 0 – 100 100 – 200 200 – 300 300 – 400 400 – 500

frequency 2 5 x 12 17

500 -600 600 – 700 700 – 800 800 – 900 900 - 1000 total

20 y 9 7 4 100

24). convert the given frequency distribution table into LCF’s and GCF’s.

Class Interval 𝟎−𝟓 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑𝟎

Frequency 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟕 𝟖

25). Convert the following table into normal frequency distribution table

Marks  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100

No. of students 48 41 37 31 25 19 16 7

Hence find the sum of lower limit of median class and upper limit of modal class.

26). Convert the following table into a normal frequency distribution table

Wages (in Rs)  100  150  200  250  300

No. of people 23 55 81 93 100

Hence find the sum of upper limit of median class and lower limit of modal class.

27).Find the mode of a data whose median and mean are 41.25 and 33.75 respectively.

28). Using relationship connecting the three measures of central tendency, find the mean of the
data which has mode 35 and median 28

29). Find the mean of the data using empirical formula when it is given that mode is 50.5 and
median is 45.5.

30). If the mean of 25 observations is 27 and each observation is decreased by 7, what will be the
new mean?
Surface areas and Volumes (6 marks)
Key concepts to remember:

Cube: Cuboid:

Lateral surface area = 4a2 Lateral surface area = 2(l + b).h

Total surface area = 6a2 Total surface area = 2(lh + bh + lb)

Volume = a3 Volume = lbh

Diagonal = √3𝑎 diagonal = √𝑙 2 + 𝑏2 + ℎ2

Cylinder:

Curved surface area = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ

Total surface area = 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟)

Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

Hollow cylinder volume = 𝜋(𝑅2 − 𝑟 2 )ℎ

Cone:

Slant height (𝑙) = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2

Curved surface area = 𝜋𝑟𝑙

Total surface area = 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟)

1
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

Solid Sphere

Surface area = 4𝜋𝑟 2

4
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

Spherical Shell

Thickness of the shell = R – r

4
Volume of material = (𝑅3 − 𝑟 3 )
3
Hemisphere

Curved surface area = 2𝜋𝑟 2

Total surface area = 3𝜋𝑟 2

2
Volume = 3 𝜋𝑟 3

 The surface area of an object formed by combining any two of the basic solids,
namely, cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere and hemisphere.

 The volume of an object formed by combining any two of the basic solids
namely, cuboid, cone, cylinder, sphere and hemisphere.

 To find the surface areas of combined solids never subtract the surface areas
 To find the volume of combined solids we subtract the volume to find the remaining
volume
 For water canal and pipes consider the length of the pipe as magnitude of speed of flow
of water
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
 To find the time taken to fill the tank use time =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑖𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑
22
 Take 𝜋 = , if not stated
7
Answer the following questions
1). The decorative block shown in figure is made Of two Solid – a cube and

a hemisphere. The base of the block Is a cube with edge 5 cm, and the

hemisphere fixed on the top of has a diameter 4.2 cm. Find the total surface

area of the block.

2). A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the greatest diameter
the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid

3). Ram made a bird-bath for his garden in the shape of a cylinder with

a hemispherical depression at one end as shown in figure. The height of

cylinder is 1.45 m and its radius is 30 cm. Find the total surface area of the bird-bath.

4). A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and diameter of
the cylindrical part are 2. 1 m and 4 m respectively, and the slant height of the top is 2.8 m, find
the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of the canvas of the tent at the
rate of Rs.500 per m2.
5). A solid toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a cone. The height

of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. Determine the volume

of the toy. If a right circular cylinder circumscribes the toy, find the difference

of the volume of the cylinder and the toy. (Take π = 3.14).

6). A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of its top, which
is opened, is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. When lead shots each of which is a
sphere of radius 0.5 cm are dropped into the vessel, one-fourth of the water flows out. Find the
number of lead shots dropped in the vessel.

7). A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm standing on a
hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in the right circular cylinder full of water such that
it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water left in the cylinder, the radius of the cylinder is
60 cm and its height is 180 cm.

8). A cone of height 24 cm and radius of base 6 cm is made up of modeling clay. A child
reshapes it in the form of a sphere. Find the radius of the sphere.

9). Metallic spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively, are melted to form a single solid
sphere. Find the radius of the resulting sphere

10). A 20 m deep well with diameter 7 m is dug and the earth from digging is evenly spread out
to form a platform 22 m by 14 m. Find the height of the platform.

11). A well of diameter 3 m is dug 4 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread evenly all
around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an embankment. Find the height of
the embankment

12). A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having diameter 12 cm and height 15 cm is
full of ice-cream. The ice-cream is to be filled into cones of height 12 cm and diameter 6 cm,
having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such cones which can be filled with
ice-cream.

13). How many silver coins, 1.75 cm in diameter and of thickness 2 mm, must be melted to form
a cuboid of dimensions 5.5 cm × 10 cm × 3.5 cm?

14). Water in a canal, 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep, is flowing with a speed of 10 km/hr. How much
area will it irrigate in 30 min, if 8 cm of standing water is needed?

15). A former connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm from a canal into a cylindrical tank in
her field, which is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows through the pipe at the rate of 3
km/hr, in how much time will the tank be filled?
16). A solid iron rectangular block of dimensions 4.4 m, 2.6 m and 1 m is cast into a hollow
cylindrical pipe of internal radius 30 cm and thickness 5 cm. Find the length of the pipe.

17). How many shots each having diameter 3 cm can be made from a cuboidal lead solid of
dimensions 9 cm × 11 cm × 12 cm?

18). Water is being pumped out through a circular pipe whose internal diameter is 7 cm. If the
flow of water is 72 cm per second, how many litres of water are being pumped out in 1 hour?

19). The diameters of the internal and external surfaces of hollow spherical shell are 6 cm and 10
cm respectively. If it is melted and recast into a solid cylinder of diameter 14 cm, find the height
of the cylinder.

20). The diameter of a copper sphere is 6 cm. The sphere is melted and drawn into a long wire of
uniform circular cross section. If the length of the wire is 36 m, find its thickness.