● A coast is the area where the land meets the sea.

● A coastline is the boundary between the land and sea

● An ocean is a large body of salt water surrounding the land masses of the earth.
● A sea is a small body of salt water partially enclosed by land.
● Tides are the regular rise and fall in the sea level.
● The three coastal processes are: coastal erosion, coastal transportation, and coastal deposition
● Coastal erosion is the wearing away of rocks along the sides and base of a cliff.
○ Corrasion is the action of gravel, pebbles and rocks eroding sides and bases of the cliff by
scraping and grinding against them.
○ Attrition is the collision of materials being pushed along the seabed. These materials hit
against each other and are broken into smaller pieces.
○ Corrosion is the wearing away of rocks when the water dissolves minerals in rocks to form a
solution.
○ Hydraulic action is the force of rapidly flowing water on rocks. The water surges into cracks,
joints and fault lines in the cliff causing the air to be compressed, this results in a mini explosion
and breaks off a piece of the cliff.
● River transportation is the transportation of eroded materials which occur through traction, saltation,
suspension and solution.
○ Traction is when heavier materials such as gravel and pebbles are pushed and rolled along the
channel.
○ Saltation is when particles bounce along the seabed.
○ Suspension is when floating mud, silt, sand and clay particles are transported along the
surface of the water.
○ Solution is when soluble materials are dissolved and transported.
● Features of a coast
○ Ocean
○ Sand bars
○ Bays
○ Headland
○ Beaches
○ Cliffs
● Coastal erosion and deposition are caused by both destructive and constructive waves.
● Coastal materials are transported along the coast through the process of swash and backwash.
● Cliffs are stretches of high steep rocks found along the sea where coastal erosion is active.
● Headlands are land masses which project out into the sea.
● Stacks are small, rocky islands found near the end of headlands.
● Bays are curved inlets of land commonly found between headlands.
● Beaches are stripes of gently-sloping land along the coast.
● Spits are long and narrow features formed when sand, gravel and shingle project out from land into
sea.
● Bays are an accumulation of sand and mud offshore.
● Lagoons are shallow lakes of sea water, partly or totally separated from the sea by banks of sand
rock or other materials.