Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Methodist University College Ghana (1) Final
Methodist University College Ghana (1) Final
Methodist University College Ghana (1) Final
1
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the work in this thesis was organized by a four member group and
has not been submitted for any degree nor as part of any prerequisite for a degree,
except where due acknowledgement has been made with the context.
We also certify that, any help we received in our research work and the preparation of
Student Details:
…………………………… …………………… ……………… ………………
(Name) (ID Number) (Signature) (Date)
Supervisor Details:
……………………………. ……………………… ………………………
(Name) (Signature) (Date)
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DEDICATION
This research study is dedicated to the almighty God, Our individual families , Our reputable
lecturers and all who in one way or the other devoted their time, resource and life to aid us
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our profound gratitude to the almighty God for seeing us through
this project. Secondly, We would like to say a special thank you to our supervisor, Mr.
Ishmael Aryeetey for the love, guidance and encouragements and assistance he has provided
us throughout our time as students. We can not deny the fact that he has been our hope. We
have been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cares so much about our work and
we would like to thank all the staff and the top management staff of Memo supermart who
To all friends who helped us to realize the completion of this project, We say may God bless
you.
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ABSTRACT
Imagine your shop without a point of sale or any reliable means of tracking the day’s
sales. This was the reality of many shop owners before the 1880s. Traders had little
insight into their transactions or income, and it was relatively easy for staff to steal from
the takings.
This changed when an unknown saloon owner from Ohio got an idea that had change
business forever.
risk if there is no monitoring system having an oversight over their transaction. This
particular shop and their customers and how the transaction is being monitored by the
It’s quiet absurd that the very own employees seeking for a job chance can later turn
their selves into the little termites eating the organization slowly and bit by bit through
stealing and for their own selfish reasons so our research strongly suggested that the
Secondly in contest of sales, customer service qualities are questioned or taking into
consideration to monitor a good quality service relation between a customer and the
people at their service. In contest of supermarkets and retail centers, price change of
items in stalk might not seem a big deal to the employees at the service of the customers
but some customers don’t really take that likely because they sometimes calculate all
their expenses by the prices on the price tags provided by the shop and it sometimes
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take time to renew the price tags on the shelves and just this kind of confusion can cost
After the above problems we came up with and taking other coincidental or
developing a monitoring software for the supermart in question. The software should be
able to monitor the day in day out transactions made by the shop, And also provide
answers to customers who wish to confirm any price update through the end sales
system of the shop. And the software should be able to take records of all end sales
transactions for record keeping and it should also be able to print receipt for customers
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KEYWORDS –
Point-of-Sale,
Inventory Management,
Inbound Logistics,
Outbound Logistics,
Stock Keeping Unit (S.K.U),
Agile,
Transactions
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Table of Contents Pages
CERTIFICATION......................................................................................................................i
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iv
KEYWORDS............................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
Aims....................................................................................................................................4
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................4
Research questions.....................................................................................................................4
Chapter TWO.............................................................................................................................7
Chapter Three.............................................................................................................................9
3.0 Methodology........................................................................................................................9
Chapter Four.............................................................................................................................13
4.0. Results...............................................................................................................................13
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4.2 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................15
Chapter Five.............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................16
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Memo supermart is an old but new retail centre that has struggled to develop for some years
now. A supermart or people will say a supermarket is a shop that deals in the purchasing and
selling of goods in a structured manner that favours both the seller and the receiver who
happens to be the customer. An old but rising retail centre named above was singled out by a
four member group who was on a search for an improvement in supermarts through
technological developments. A surfing was made through their sales system to detect ways to
improve their sales system and we came across a key problem we considered as a game
change problem that could upgrade their sales system by structuring a technological system
that will keep truck of the day in day out transactions of the shop which includes the stocks
that comes in and the ones that goes out. After a vivid surfing though their sales system we
arrived at a conclusion of developing a POS (Point Of Sales) system that will entail already
made structures that will keep truck of their sales system. It will entail three main parts, two
for record keeping, and the other one will be situated at the end sales system where the
cashiers may be in charge to ensure outgoing stocks may be recorded and every purchase
earns a receipt for record keeping. We considered a lot of procedures to go about the
development of the point of sales software that will supposedly be the solution we have to
offer the shop to get everything well structured enough for an easy but efficient sales system
in order to get proper managerial system for the shop and we arrived on a conclusion of using
and excel to develop such a system for the shop. One of our main reasons why we chose that
was because it is easier and quit simpler because we didn’t need any special calculation for
the system we just had to design the interface by using the excel tools and giving them their
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1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A point of sale inventory management system allows a business owner to have more than one
business location and adequately keep track of inventory at each without being present. No
more worries about employee theft or pricing inconsistency between one location and
another. The boss can be away and not worry about employee theft. Employee efficiency can
be maintained. Point of sale systems take care of those problems that result when
management isn't present. Ravi (2010) pointed out that manual sales systems are time
consuming, it is very tedious, lots of paper work, slow data processing, it is not user-friendly
environment and it is difficult to found records due file management system. In an early age
when the most of the company are still using the manual system in the sales and inventory
most of the company encountered so many problems and this is because of the process of the
existing system is too slow and too long. According to Kaye Morris (2010), manual inventory
management system can help sales and production managers control costs by identifying lost
sales due to inventory shortages; inventory overrides on products that are not selling; losses
due to employee’s theft or damage. Implementing an inventory management system can take
a large amount of time depending on the size and diversity of inventory. ERRORS! Beyond it
being time consuming, inventory counts and incorrect sales figures can be detrimental to your
business (Juarez, 2010). 2 To overcome the deficiencies of manual system, many companies
have automated their inventory system. This system is used to track or monitor the
merchandise and goods of a retail store. With an automated Sales and Inventory System,
business rely on computers to do tasks that were once performed manually, such as inventory
check and product sales. Automated Sales and Inventory System these process can be
handled in a timely manner and also be more accurate and reliable than ever before (Hartman,
n.d.). It provides greater accuracy and more flexibility in the types of information and reports
that can be generated by the system. Point-of-sale systems have replaced traditional cash
registers, largely for functionality reasons. POS systems, as they are sometimes called, are
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relatively easy to use and help provide valuable data for important decision makers. In order
to keep up with the record-keeping needs of small and mid-sized businesses, a good point-of-
sale system is a must. Web-based point-of-sale systems are preferred over software based
POS systems because they are easily upgradeable, and feature access from multiple
computers (Carter, 2012). The best thing about having a computerized POS System in your
retail business is: as new stocks arrives and as it is sold, it keeps the stock levels current and
updated, hence making it is easier to identify which items are selling and which items are not.
A POS System is also good in checking for any obsolete or out of date stock that needs to be
disposed. If you are still counting your inventory manually on the shelves or in the
warehouse, you should think twice about your method, for there are many advantages in
using a POS System. One advantage of a POS System is its ability to help your business 3
achieve detailed real-time stock level information. In addition, a POS System can also give
you information such as weather forecasts, public holidays and major sporting events, which
can be of great help in determining the stock level of seasonal products. You can now
efficiently and effectively handle your stock management accurately (Ganderton, 2010). One
of the biggest, and probably one of the most important, advantages of an automated sales and
inventory system is that it helps businesses focus on their biggest goal, to improve the
customers experience at the store (Mueller, 2011). With this system, companies can have a
better understanding of customer demand through the analysis of their sales and inventory.
The retail business owners can do online selling, electronic payment processing, integrated
accounting, marketing, video surveillance and much more in an easy way with no stress. The
inventory system enables to get a complete control over the business and it helps to perform
each and every task in a quick manner and this system makes your business to obtain a
competitive edge over your competitors. The ultimate aim of this system is to increase your
profit and sales. The complete inventory system will be very useful in making your business
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perform well in the market and you can make accurate report with the help of this system
(Aspespos, 2011). Business professionals consider sales and inventory system as the key to
better management of business. It is the heart of most businesses and is design to aid in good
Aims
The aim of these research or study is to be able to establish a well structured
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Locating a developing shop or retail centre.
Developing a stable and an efficient POS (point of sales) system to get their
Research questions
What management system does the shop in question use.
What are the history of the mismanaged transactions that transpired between
Theft history.
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1.3 Research methodology
This chapter will deal with methods needed to complete the study. These methods
include the ;
Research design.
Sample size.
This study will use qualitative methods. Survey questionnaires and interview guides
will be used to collect primary data to find out what managerial practice the shop is
keen to. Convenience sampling will be used because it will save resource and time.
In addition, the study area will be limited to 0nly one shop which is the Memo
concentrates on the background of the study, research purpose and research objectives. In
addition, It identifies the research methodology used as well. Chapter two gives insight on
review of related literature. This is followed by chapter three which discusses the
Also, chapter four present the data analysis of the study and Chapter five discusses the
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1.5 Limitation of the study
There were many limitations to this study or let me say this project, most of the limitations
was solely on the development part where we faced a lot of challenges in inserting certain
features we thought could have made our system better but after thorns of research and
assistance from quit experienced friends already working around the software development
field no solutions were able to be generated to suit our system in order to make it better, and
we realized that the challenges were channelled to our development method. Using an excel
to develop a database was quit a problem and automatic decrease of stocks in the database
when stocks are purchased at the sales end also became another limitation we faced, Also we
faced a challenge in the refund process which compelled as to leave it out of our project
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Chapter TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Inventory System
An inventory is a stock of items kept by an organization to meet internal or external
solution used to simultaneously track activity and inventory. Manufacturers and trade
resellers can both benefit from a thorough solution, where single transaction entry
records necessary details on the customer, products purchased, price and date while
also updating the inventory. Using a computerized inventory system enables the user
between employees and shoppers as transactions are processed and items move from
the business to the consumer. Lastly, inventory systems save time for businesses by
speeding up transactions while raising accurate data which allows for confidence in
accountability among employees as it is easy to verify how much money was earned
include a card reader, for payment cards and a cash drawer. It has three payment
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methods: Credit, Check and Cash. If the customer pays by credit, the cashier enters
the amount and the customer will swipe the credit card in the reader. However, if the
customer pays by cash or check, the cashier will receive and deposit the cash or the
check into the cash drawer and prints a receipt with a detailed transaction.
increments and involve the client during the development to receive instant feedback.
development. The Scrum approach has a fundamental feature called the sprint cycles
which is a planning system where the tasks and the features are evaluated and
selected for development. Then, the completed feature is presented to the client at the
These attributes should deliver the required functionality and performance to the user
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Chapter Three
3.0 Methodology
The paper adopts a problem-oriented research method wherein, according to [4], the
objective is to define the problem and formulate a solution that would solve the
client's predicaments. The methods used in the process of solving the problem is a
view other existing systems with similar difficulties to allow us to formulate an idea
on how to tackle the problems. We used the qualitative approach in collecting data
for the client’s predicaments. Hence, the methods to gather the data will further focus
on the client’s anecdotes rather than their numerical data. The initial data gathering
phase entails Interviews and Observations. Interviews with the managerial staff were
done to enhance our knowledge of the root cause of the problem. Observations
require onsite visitations to fully understand the business process and the effect of
the problem to their business process. Comments and anecdotes were transcribed by
After identifying the data, we then created a prototype system for the company by
utilizing the Agile Methodology with Scrum. This methodology was a necessary and
logical approach for solving the client’s problems because it permitted the
involvement of the client in the development of the system. Thus, the development
of a prototype of the system is essential and required to prove that the design works
for the client given the necessary software requirements specifications. After every
sprint, a meeting with the client was held to present the updates and changes to the
system. We then receive feedback and comments from the client on the presented
prototype. The client evaluated our progress on the system after every sprint. The
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evaluation was done using a survey to evaluate the system based on the good
acceptability. Each of the criteria was rated using the Likert Rating Scale, with
one(1) being the lowest score and five(5) being the highest score and then using the
mean score to determine the overall score. If the score is three(3) and above, then the
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Sales point design plan.
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12
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Chapter Four
4.0. Results
Table 1.0 presents the observations that were made during the company
visit and the problems that were discovered and how we decided to solve
them.
help of it tools.
commands to the already designed interface. Most of the links between the sheets are
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Table 1.1 client request
Sprint # Additions and Modifications
1. Redirect Button
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4.2 DISCUSSION
We gathered all of the client’s comments and suggestions during the evaluation and created
solutions that would cater the problems such as the manual sales system, an unreliable
inventory control, and long hours of calculating the business sales. The interviews and
meetings helped us and the client identify the root cause of the issues occurring in the
supermart. In addition to that, this allowed us to create and design a suitable prototype for the
problems that were addressed in table 1.0. we designed an architectural diagram where each
of the layers in the architectural diagram has a specific role and responsibility for the P.O.S.
In each sprint, we had to demonstrate to the client company the work that we have done so
far in the form of prototypes. Table 2 presents the feedback that the client provided. Based on
the feedback there were changes on the usability of the prototype in terms of accessibility,
features added such as new user data fields to fix the unreliable inventory management, and a
functional reports generator to solve the long hours of calculating business sales. Upon
evaluation of the client, we scored 5 and 4.33 on the usability of our system for its interface
and its appearance, respectively, which reflects that our system is easy to learn and easy to
navigate. Dependability and security scored 4 which signifies that the client is confident in
the security of the system. The client gave the system’s efficiency a score of 4.33 to say that
system performs its functions swiftly and efficiently. Finally, acceptability score is 5 to prove
that the client sees the purpose of the system and the needs of the client are met.
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Chapter Five
We were able to identify several issues of the shop by conducting interviews with the head
manager and the managerial staff of the shop and by first hand observation in their business
environment. These problems arose due to the shop’s end sales system. The company often
experienced mismatched data in their inventory which led to slow updates of inventory
records. By using the Agile Methodology, we were able to adjust to the client’s demands.
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REFERENCES
https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/59/f3/79/61ec5b859d5bb0/US9424721.pdf
system/ [3] K. Santiago, “Sales and Inventory System Thesis Documentation”. [Online].
Available:
https://www.academia.edu/16863814/Sales_and_Inventory_System_Thesis_Documentation?
autodownload
[4] A. Bhat, “What is Research - Definition, Types, Methods & Examples.”, November 11,
[6] Entrepreneur, (2014). Point of Sale (POS) System Definition | Small Business
[7] Fps-freepossoftware.com, (2008). Daily point of sale process - FPS - Free POS Software.
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[8] Fps-freepossoftware.com, (2008). What is a Point of Sale (POS) System - FPS - Free
[9] Rouse, M. (2011). What is point-of-sale terminal (POS terminal)? - Definition from
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/point-of-sale-terminal-POS-terminal [Accessed 11
Jan. 2015].
http://www.startupnation.com/grow-your-business/run-your-business-better/benefits-of-a-
[11] Angeles, S. (2014). Why POS Systems Are Still the Best Choice for Many Businesses.
[12] Angeles, S. (2014). 5 Ways CRM-Enabled POS Systems Can Help Your Business.
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[13] Angeles, S. (2014). 5 Ways POS Systems Are Changing (and Why It Matters). [online]
[14] Answers.com, (n.d.). What Are the Benefits and Disadvantages of a POS?. [online]
[15] Burt, V. (2010). Take advantage of everything a POS system can do | Hotel
http://www.hotelmanagement.net/take-advantage-of-everything-a-pos-system-can-do
[16] Creamer, D. and Lorden, A. (2014). POS Software Trend Report 2015. [online]
http://hospitalitytechnology.edgl.com/news/POS-Software-Trend-Report-201597065
[17] Kimmons, R. (2010). The Disadvantages of a Point of Sale System | eHow. [online]
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[18] Managing Editor, (2014). Business Drivers Influencing Restaurant POS Upgrades.
[19] Managing Editor, (2014). POS Purchasing Plans for 2015. [image] Available at:
http://hospitalitytechnology.edgl.com/news/POS-Software-Trend-Report-201597065
[20] Managing Editor, (2014). Restaurants Rank Top Functionalities for Next POS Upgrade.
[21] Point-of-Sale System Breaches. (2014). 1st ed. [ebook] Texas: Trend Micro, pp.2-4.
[22] Aspespos, (2011). POS software, POS Hardware, POS systems, Online POS: Types of
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ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS
Rev. j. fynn
SCREEN SHOTS.
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RECIEPT GENERATED FROM A SALE
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SALES HISTORY
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STOCKS DATABASE
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SALES END (CASHIERS POINT)
VBA CODING:
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Module pos macros
Option Explicit
Sub Additem()
Dim ItemRow As Long, AvailRow As Long
With Sheet1
If .Range("B5").Value = Empty Then Exit Sub
On Error Resume Next
.Shapes("ItemPic").Delete
On Error GoTo 0
ItemRow = .Range("B5").Value 'item row
AvailRow = .Range("K9999").End(xlUp).Row + 1 'First AvailRow
.Range("B6").Value = AvailRow 'Set Receipt Row
.Range("E3").Value = Sheet2.Range("B" & ItemRow).Value 'Item Name
.Range("F6").Value = Sheet2.Range("D" & ItemRow).Value 'Item Price
.Range("F8").Value = 1 'Default Qty to 1
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.LockAspectRatio = msoTrue
.Height = 45
.Name = "ItemPic"
End With
End With
With .Shapes("ItemPic")
.Left = Sheet1.Range("D6").Left
.Top = Sheet1.Range("D6").Top
.Visible = msoCTrue
End With
End If
'On error GoTo 0
.Range("E10:F10").ClearContents 'Clear Item Code
.Range("E10").Select
End With
End Sub
Sub EnterNumberBtn()
With Sheet1
ActiveCell.Value = ActiveCell.Value & Right(Application.Caller, 1)
End With
End Sub
Sub clearItemBtn()
With Sheet1
If ActiveCell.Address = "$E$10" Then
.Range("E10:F10").ClearContents
Else:
ActiveCell.ClearContents
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End If
End With
End Sub
Sub EnterDecimalBtn()
ActiveCell.Value = ActiveCell.Value & "."
End Sub
Sub EnterPaymentCell()
Sheet1.Range("i7").Select
End Sub
Sub enterpaytype()
Sheet1.Range("i6").Value = Application.Caller
Sheet1.Range("i7").Select 'enter payment cell
End Sub
Sub printReceipt()
Dim LastItemRow As Long
With Sheet1
If .Range("i7").Value < .Range("i5").Value Then
MsgBox "please enter a payment at or above the total"
Exit Sub
End If
.Range("AA10").Value = .Range("i7").Value 'Enter payment Amount
LastItemRow = .Range("K999999").End(xlUp).Row 'Last Item Row
If LastItemRow < 10 Then Exit Sub
.Range("B6").ClearContents 'clear selected receipt row
.Range("FooterRange").Copy
.Range("M" & LastItemRow + 1).PasteSpecial xlPasteValues 'Past Values
Only
Application.CutCopyMode = False
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With .Shapes("FooterGrp")
.Left = Sheet1.Range("K" & LastItemRow + 7).Left
.Top = Sheet1.Range("K" & LastItemRow + 7).Top
.Visible = msoCTrue
End With
.PageSetup.PrintArea = "K1:N" & LastItemRow + 11
.PrintOut , , , , True, , , , False
.Range("E10").Select
End With
End Sub
Sub SaveAndClear()
Dim LastItemRow As Long, FirstDBRow As Long, TotalRows As Long
With Sheet1
LastItemRow = .Range("k9999").End(xlUp).Row 'Last item row
TotalRows = LastItemRow - 9 'Total Items
FirstDBRow = Sheet3.Range("A9999").End(xlUp).Row + 1 'First Avail Row
Sheet3.Range("A" & FirstDBRow & ":A" & FirstDBRow + TotalRows -
1).Value = .Range("M5").Value 'Receipt #
Sheet3.Range("B" & FirstDBRow & ":B" & FirstDBRow + TotalRows -
1).Value = .Range("M6").Value 'Date
Sheet3.Range("C" & FirstDBRow & ":C" & FirstDBRow + TotalRows -
1).Value = .Range("M7").Value 'Cashier
Sheet3.Range("D" & FirstDBRow & ":G" & FirstDBRow + TotalRows -
1).Value = .Range("K10:N" & LastItemRow).Value 'All Item Details
.Shapes("FooterGrp").Visible = msoFalse 'hide footer group shape
On Error Resume Next
.Shapes("ItemPic").Delete
On Error GoTo 0
.Range("K10:N999999").ClearContents
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.Calculate
.Range("M5").Value = .Range("B7").Value 'Next receipt number
.Range("B6,E3:F3,F6,F8,I7").ClearContents 'clear item fields
.Range("E10").Select
End With
End Sub
Sheet 1 codes
Private Sub Worksheet_Change(ByVal Target As Range)
'On change of Item, If Row Found And To Receipt
If Not Intersect(Target, Range("E10")) Is Nothing And Range("E10").Value <>
Empty Then Additem
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Dim ItemRow As Long
Dim ItemRange As Range, FoundItem As Range
Set ItemRange = Sheet2.Range("Item_Name")
On Error Resume Next
Shapes("ItemPic").Delete
On Error Resume Next
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.Visible = msoCTrue
End With
End If
On Error GoTo 0
End If
Range("B4").Value = False
End If
End Sub
formulas
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