Ro1TCR's Locus OF CoNTROL SCAL

DBJECTIVE
loasiLAA locs acontrol uchudual
Rattens Locus ofc0utnol_scala

INTRODUC1 LON
isnot
Social psycholaqy a
skali sciun it
deuelopeel udtue yeans eattain iks pLLLn
po An antecedesnt io secial paychslaqy is fok
ycholog uwhich-ulasntusnud hy tth plulo40plas
HegelPok paychology deait with stL study a
collttiu nuinol Solewusn Asch (141) obseauiLd
hatto unoenataudt couapliniiuu a au
uindiuioluali lehauau piycuolaqiss Ldid to
towiuw t pessou in th eentint gaup
latious Tu tuat instilai toADsia packalea
wwpuseund ky WilyHll paeh 1920i
140te
be-est
Kuat leu pudud
aiguijieaut
AoialpaycholoAIanol tl dliscipliu
as_AAAun uponentially dinu

Social pAycholagy dstheseiu piuld that

ALuks to wnoAitaud nanL h Aud cauALA
o induidual hihauioun ulings audl theugts
 Topic
Date.
Topic

n soeial aibuatiens (bansetal. 2ou) Pecple

Spcal payctolcay tuAeLenttuinueutgotion of do Cmto

t thougut ellins Andhehauouo ndiuicuals Jang
a unpluoacod by theatual,inuaginesl4mplked
pALsaCe
sLCLal_PAychola94
docialimlusnte
is
and
t
othus[Gw. Alpnt 1954) othnwmd,
study
A
a secial coguitiom,
social Aelatimd
PRAL

Secal csguilion is asub: topi e Loeial paytuelnge

pn

Avhuc contuuns ou uthiukabou the docial

JwnRd attmpta te undustandcomplun iuu
and why_ u &onmetnuls ar lrssthan apbimaly
Aational CEiskL
E
;
L Taylo, 2008 Higgins KhugAanski,19
Atdis Ju avays n
wlut doeLal iulnalia
Js preeLsLLd by pnpl, pantculanlyintaoiug
storage eteval and applisatieu t& social
Auations tmeaus applucalko kudulolgs anol
nuthooly aLagnitiu pychologyAu uumaie
pAoLLAAmgtKesa
SOcial pinsLplion i auatlhuu key_concLp.t_o Aocal
pycolagy uhich Auku t th paoe tluougu
Auhuch uwe seek toundestaud eth p£apli. Tui

pAocL dunalus nduutauoliu 4 tue wcy w

gatiu Aud aualyg iukusiou ahout peoplas
Topic Date

People tin Aely ononvubalcommmunicalugu 1.e

Comtocthody mouLneutaudtsuchiug Bedy

dauguage adaeArplucta enaelienusthssug u pasitimu

psitunsOud haLments 8 u bodliu. Peopls

CLutauuiugswhal Rud w apuL&u tuy aL

uuhat aL
tlhuin trait atius qealA. ue u
paocs tanough anluhau Aneksuh asmmatuon
andolnau iufemueusA RnOu asattaihution

Atnibubien
Eus iudiuidual brhauu olmeuty in oliHeuuuE
kinds a uuinenmuuts aud Aituotious PAuclreleait
Attemplio to uudnktuo thuis umau natn

Oud twad itcus attaibutiou JuA0CLalPAyehatag1

atnibuhon is tu paoes oiutaning tu
Louaede8 2adis obiuauans on da Te
olay Ju attaihui us
lhshauiau alol
0this'halai.o o
uaniasacsasJuhicluuas
au upact on Ouoshcuias auod fulinas
Da Lal attaibuuo dss0uaetuiugulhich
ue ole iltoLut ouuyOucaLnlus a
heAmdeuuyin-
procwsoud hiass hat luasl 18 0u
inheuncus
 Topic
Date

AMAibutign 1henits
Thtay naLpaychnlogy (1a5A)
bautzHuidu Lnploud Le natiu o intupensonal
Alaloadlip Oud uboducd uue coneeph akcomn0
dtd malu paycluolagy', Hidu'k nuost valuable
Coutaibution to ta topie.el attnikutinAs AM
oiehotonuy wkau
peepuattnpt ta
dnsiuoluiak bthaua oduride whs
uuanuwcuy LAun
LitthuMak au utual
bLnteaual attnioutinn.

nttaual atiibuulom,alsocoluol
olisposLLonal atlaibui.ou
1ptasonal altadaulion
the
LQusee bikauio t8AmupoeLAs aaALigming thu
ath dkau te iuteual clhanatheuistie,
AutideRALLs

L.atal adaibuisu
ksS also talld
ntengnting Amueni's
siiuaioual
aktibudion,
hhaiausas bung
causrel /h diiatou duathe
iuoliuidual i
Pl basd uis
elias onthat
paintiplus
iSince-peeplseel that Aheu
Acetlh
ouwa
buhaA ismakivalid
thau Aoudem,ey
bshauiou de
lookko causL
iduuliky thtiu
othu 1
iBcauAL propl motu
couituuct caual tuuo
buhauiouhhy look tepaudict
jaspts&onall Anal asnel L0dsting
 Topic Date.

@ stakle paepnius e
tle dwould
nal
i La attu butuug_Causalit ken hhanaun, proplostguus
betueeupAsonalQnd unuinoumental Jactonk
'cenange
ualuable h Covasiatieu heany (la61)
|Kelluysthsey,alliel the cevaaiation moclel U961),
das Alhat prople Lnain multiple hthauinus kom
o lemt imms aud siuations When piople anu
in thepA0tLA A Rennng An atinibutiou hey
qoatuitosmatuouand by odiscoiing Couaiation u.
taikutuou
ng th
peplsbhaipuhpeapl aL ahlte nrarh audaeuunt
abautahe Caus a behaiaus kell ideuitud
tiistie, ky ypuso4 CouaMalio nkenmatis e tonsensu,
distinctimniss aud counaustinuy

ibudiou iConaLnAs -th Ltemai Juuie othenpLopl

AAct ÍD A guutn ktunuulus en eulu in tuu sam

dhe paopodoa af penplauhs hesct m tu ADmL

ud iCouaisAmy_hjns tr t
Latut te uich tu
uw' pensau n
aueuio unrt ta tuatimulu Meut

Tt to whtaih khs behaiaur accn mptatedly

wing
 Topic Date
Topic

ii.Diatieimmas
pLnLoALet uuL
kuu otANtem
daus
o
uhic uu Cii Soci
stiui n Lmta 1tAb COmCLLo
mAna Lo othen, dilunt
uilh uhituw hu
Juuhauiaus occus in ptlun Aimila LOM
sibuaiou
whn ktu ta AouMs
ons eclistnet
a ntamathon oonnbuns iut
patas,a uua attaibuutiou Lou hu
mac
3.Januu aud Dais COnLLpondunt
TL thub Anplaus
innc tLey [la65):
our piopl mata
Abouut a hin dneLna
A
penpl
un Aious
ly-thoseu a
nenpeetudaudAAulLi A Amall numbs o
oainable shet. tolualh uthintema
People maku inkeun ouktnibubonk
atnihutont
on tuu haAis lane Jateni
DeoALL odhAieLAnuuly caosn
inclicat
tuat slLarh
_ ud belaaiaua
duspoiiliontuahis
ismeL
hehauiaus
tontAal LatLmal
tlaaratAincuu ls LeATAaits

Enpctudnnua
behauion-bheuioube Auth Lhua

hathn thau ADuansd

wuth on-Lemnubn 2lkets ulls s
mAn4 huhAwiaUNt bekaleiaus
mot about diaposituon
 Topikc Date

ii Socially duisable-hrlhauiau dhat tuu us itl oQul

Apusoak oisp.eaition breause it js likey Ap b
cantnalld b decietalnens

Tkt covMLApondent ingaLmCe tlesydas sonu iuitatiens

And luoad.olueluud isn imp.antassce (HuskommlaK).-

4aleinns adhibudtioual theory (1919,1986)

Binancl uleinnapLopaael a theo suqgcntuugkhat a
pAnsenk un
attaibutonsn atencpt to Lploin utis
suceess Lailu detemnins tho etont tna du huilleng
A eat in tue utunL Tue heyuas dinamsionA 3
nanulydecus, Lontnollabilliy oladl staklity.

LoCLLs dinmnson heas eH percLptiou A t cause

a earneh biies that y4ailud thein

uAath tut bicauA iock
o_abili, ly_aaL
Arlering I thui iutenual attaietiou niue ete
Juaud they blou it toaahnk incenepektnte
huy aumkasu4 to Lteinal attaibution

ii&tabilly dinuunsio hisis Ahuthitu caua

h dunt is stable Atalble OMOAS tin aud
Altuatio Piemuth abauu Lnanmplu, thy belieu
 Topic Date

tLuat
tl
theyaiuel
cauL u table
theiniuasilit
btcatus_a hn
lluy
belieuLd thal theyhad 4
Jnnt be
tucauAtit
Aiok, lu_wulo haue_Qcod
sablh
pnAM ko M
Lontnollabilily-dimiumaion AuuL towhuiuu e nat tus
Cause oQy_LuLulis noa the contnal hL
eanni frou t aounmemtionsolLnopi
pLaplr belieued atluy could kau_olousbutes
thu preciicLel mou,Hiesttue Causl 1s Lonttallablz
but uy doubt abilL, nmatlh,lu
Caust uncontnA1Labl

Locus o Contkol
RLALOCh dugauts tualpeopl
dihenu tih Loati o
atinibuious key na ak taeyluau leaut
attaibutioual styli a
uia laLAuDA Lay_dijh
th aeiutdreiMAAtA Anc punishsmemls they ALoLue
CRotter1966)LecLA
oLgunatud by
_cuth
Jullaw Ratt in
As a phintuple ds
1954 TE cousidas
th udemey pLopl te biliu tlat LoulAL
uidsJntena lly uitHin tla
mteunallh,wth
thnsa alalion 1l a
Rotas uost intluedial
epaetuu CAntep aJntenal -Lntuual lecu e
Topic
Date

C0ntel, anLnpALLanay conwnninqhu ougn

pin&onalL contoL

lakeanal pLopl uitha ughinteual Lous a

Contno Luliu in huin ouwn Akiuly contaal
tluemalus And LutLuLner AL wDnld oOuna

Dun hauds Audthat thin own choisuad lo

SuLtLs 2aillua

Ertennal-peopl uuth a high entuanal Locus a

Control heliruw thatcontoo Qun outts oud
uhat aths propl de inautaidr teuand uat

sgs hy uay uen beliuá that ottas au

LOntaa_ou thsus and tlat Ihuy ALu_ d nAHung
but chei4

le asu popls Jocw contaol Lottu deuiaed

twentye nintinascas Tais dlal uasheu
uAnd dto ulatL to luscontrol D a Aangs e
bohauiounsLtisA ALl-clnainistiing tiutaud
Pan br acminsund indiuuduua lly Juqn0Lps
TaL sals assussAA Antmt teuhicho
LNennal
indiuudual poALLAALLÀuntuual_en
hiuntoneznment haliek.
 Topic Date

Dn
Receu tunda
tuCumut
anincuiwichuals
a
lated teattibukiou in uolia
tu iutlonte q lous afwakaal
ufis Lnidnet thusugh
i
tu
studiu auo dont by_Astauch ia uis
Atstandhss
Lld.Senu a24ueLstarchs hau biuminiontd

Alat P. Das Ss t al.0021) conductzd sbudy to

AnMLtuteebb a paychologicalcapital
AdLecLA a_contaol on tu
mectal uealth af
Tndian cilizenswia ajet balaner oeuing _tu
Laly days Lockdown duikgan anlint Aunuyou
667 patiipanta.Ruultssheusd that psycholagical
Copitalaud iuutuuol ecy eConprolak ngabiuly
associatel uith paychslaglcal olistnd

nethesktuoy woy clouL Jay Dalal Nqulaajani M.

tu Aolu a
L2020)t Luaniimi
aud
Lecu conial
4Dmuly clynamiesLn acadlLit anHiLhy_ a
Lscbnol sbudentb on30higl athool atudad 2audonly
g
chosntuwas odluuinisliud ssina wutald tut
Anxidly calu aud AnandKumas Cud Saistav_lecus A
Lcontnol slal The uults cosutldeo that t s
digniticant uto Aeeuy o contaal en tat auiela
adtiucdnb
Topic Date

Rath S(2022)_oliod a studyto Lnnuin the {et

docus Corol anod gendu naappinsd luul
anema Induanadeucetz uslna an cnluint Cess&-
sLetional sualuy Dn hoD adoldLLsmlt betune tlu agg of
11 and 1a yeansTh uul Nued that eto
Loes o Conbrol us Aig4iicant indicating that
intomal contnoladelcenk Aeperid auághis luel e
aappinus thau nteuual_control adolssceetk

Tu Atudius igligtt 80m tu uajor Masen

behunothu entnal aud jutuuel Locui oLntaal
0 indiuldual.

METHOD0LOGY

abauk he tool
T pALet Jecus o contanl sralo dl Hindi
V2Mio o Rottak locus a4dentnsl scal cdeuslopLd
by DsAnand Kuuman Cuno OS AN Shivastaua iu 1a85.
TuisAlale con be adinisiard0 au4 ag gaP
The nst Nliahilit _ his scalu ia DR8_LAplit-haly
Aund 0&5 L-tst )
1tt
Pneuninay detoils
Na
Age 8
SS
 Topic Date

Genolu Penual
Counse 8.com hens

Mateial uguinnd
Kates Locus a4costnol scal
Statiouenits
MauualL

Rappont Aonnalion
1hL pauticupant s Calld
dansiduAhL pyclolagiccul
dab ano uas madlAOJut
A0m{eikiblp_an a_chaia
A casual conuwaalhoss Aytis staulnd bu OAking aboul
darn oay_audha AULdis 1e nuaketlpaLtuipaut
4el at0ALALutasassuaLd ACOicleutiali
ALn that tuputiuipaut dild at Lase and H
conseut putiipaluanulas taktn
tea

Precoutions
LThepaAticipautá
ACalsawas kok
Jukoud CoNALnt iD_Lenduc u
aT padicipamb Auas aAALLd oA cosiclentiolg
3.Sa olistaucs betuer tl panticipant aud Hu
4. Jwas LMsunnd that botu the ALALaNclas aud tus
panlucapaut JwL AVLALLgMaskL
Toplc Date

Lnstuckions
Rattuklocuu a Cosutaal Scolt iasL-aduuinistui
cal uhic cau bu acluuinisbiscd iuoliuiclually
0 qnoup. The ust CoMtaind 29 ee elnesitemus,
which 6 a illsiinus och ituu has tuo
AptuousAancl 'B T paAtiuipaul was askad te
Lad tu chsis Lucitent caupully Then,
tht panticipaut. aill mankin thu bo awhicw tig
Al Ashi noL appnopsicte_doice

Comduuckien
L
aL
ponticup tuntAuas AppAoaehudaud baiejed abaut
purpasu of atiudy They wet assuiitd of
conkcuialili dkttaking tihu partiipartk
Onsent hppek was Štablishid by osking absut
hs day Tue instkuctouLA AUenl Quueto
pantiaphant aspes Hu manual.AL the couplition
t stalo it uwos Maduni no in was

n0tn h Lnpiience tiu _nlaa4pLciu

poiLcipatiou

Lhtnospectin Rpent
Te ut was auith intnting.
 Date
Topic

Bhanisnal kupot
The pontiuipaut Aunuo a
Aatiu nonuOus Quo
cOnuseol at jnskas slut waA Ahakung un lugs
aud dnat.chingdu hrad coutunuoudLy. But
A4t aieuuptin4 ko 3
QAstions, Al was
cOnkldeut aud calm awhilu olain u task

ScORING
Tu Rabtlnk locus ef lonthol Scalisa0nced
choicinstaumnt ie.a tist uat AtauinA du
ko make achoirt betiweenkue
poatucipam e erL
aleablu nunpavonal_olteanahuus The scal
cntains atotal o29teus22 a whcl ane
e
scmLd,
192421) Te
ist 6 arjiLersLEemn0 L,8,14,
maninuum AsA ktaatcan be
A igh scon iuditntus an AnteAnal Locus outnol

Canolt MLan Scoe

female 11:96
Mole lo 21
Toble1ducniptuL Aaistirs Aer Ratenk AoauoContu

RESULTS
RaurScone Tweupautatiom
10 uktanadSous olcoatan
TabletheMur kcouaud uL iutaapsbatiow ol tu poaticipnut
Topic Date

INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSTON

The ainaf the PMsent study awasteossisu th

Jecus ocontal Jn au wncliuidualaing Ah
Lottes Locus a_Contol &cal To nuasunt the lous
o Lomtaal atepatitipamta20item Lotus at
Contnolauuationnaine CRotter,1066)da0s Assid
1ablu 1 Ahousth uan seonu tu pauicip.amt
jkIDAcconeliug toh manual, nuLan O sN
a1 e abauL i hnualls nclicatr Anteaual

that
a
Lous control
tu
Theejs,it canbeinkenpoutaal
paticipcuu uasnbnnal Aocus af conbel.

Tutenal Letur o_control neps te punception t

poauti audnngatiu Auenls 04 bing A
,0

meuspudonaLcontMal Tnteunallp connallLd

pnso Lels that AeinhONCLMLmtoLALLNs PAANAOAiLy
buais len puapaAeul belauiau uthnally
ieutidpiople auldisuually ner dstunin tu
OElemmp k_aanCMA Clhan ALun _enihOnment.
Entinnal conbAol aLns tth
p.uncLptLa
lud megubusAutul AA beug unlatio
es
P0stiu

Aud
Oukn behauueLLbs
ktaenrker beyend
wnkaiu kiuatio1as
pusoual contao
 Date
Topic

Nuumenous atudishaucoutawud m abou MAultL

k Sontnde KL al 2006) conduch ol s
sbudyD ualy th Aulatiousip bltunesu lecusaf

Rotuk ecus
utamal Jous
o losutnol stal tas
ulas p0siltiuly As40ciatrduuh
Laund hat

AueAaklu uuenkutconu Sinilonly,Pawell A z

Cemta D. (1a12) coluinistnLd the Rhhus Tubnual-
Entual Scal cuol k.bnouulls Adu Loes loeus o
Contaol scal Dn 29 ponticipasuta a18-51 jeaso agp
Thn siudy Lstablishesdpositiu LeulatAn betuuin
inttnal Löcus oy coutnal oud gntaba nuLntal.
akully. doiL ALSLAch sas ConOUucLA by
Cocp tal.1aR) K diteLLLL
Luanime guudles

iuloeus ncontol beliss_AlapesnLay0 sch0ol

shild siugihe IutLlhsiuadAchieucnmsnt
Reapousibility luionain m 10 _maln and
a16 emaus he
mulisshouzd tuar signikican.ty
moL humaus haue iutuual Loca e_couthol
thanmalu.

CONCLUSION
Tue cumLnt Atud_ds audRut ko enpler
uu lu_o Asud a coutrol in eu indiuidua
Locs tanlsols on cptilid that dsArleuant
 Topic Date

OCoutroljn
Aas appnoaphuod
LnLs f autconmis. A pastiupant
thL conduutiou
ken 4 tue
Rattns Locu o tontrol sLle. Ajta th dnuinistralia
th ponticipouts aLL was10 whichinclitabs
auinteunal locus onLnsl

REEERENcES

hloagilauahah (2003). Social pAucholaau (8h Aol).

Prumtic Hl
dbanon k.A BranscoubtNkByant,D
Bhancluj, a.2010) SocialPayclology L1ath eol.). Dalhi
Peonson

3Mysn&,D.GCO005). Speial payclolegu L& Ld).New

Delhi:Tata Me lanaut-Hill Pab lo LHd

4Tuch,V. (2020).RLALanch utuodsu Sosial siieu

PLansom Tndia Colucatiou senucLA Put LEd

20
Topic
Date

AssMssnunt af Leu Attilud Scale

Ainm 1AAuatutL
oss atitudu AusandsLouu
Aou atlitud scale o a
y0ung adult.

ntaeduction

n 1935 Hauellaok o oial Paycholoey

Caorden dllport wLate, The AAuupt A cutitudis
us polbalalyth mLOAt_olistuet Aud
udisLuAablle cauCLptuu couteuAPBAON
AmeitAudodLal plyclo lo gy NG 0thuu tunua
AppiaA AAL gALLAHy uA t HpiALuLLutal
and tthetueticál Jiteratunt.Th Atudy
attibudL isCLuta alte thujiild ot sacLal-
PALycheleg bueaus ttibadlLaCLnL tapalale o
Loloung tuali eny cdpLct akC
JnpniemcLta uuhtn oui douit Jua ataoua
Attino ouwanc a ApLeii ALu Alata e
voluss Aa mlune uhat attitudu aue
9aA tOwonos L Atiulus. Angtiaua chi

A TaAtuay behaurigu auo ottitudu ane

Auppaol tn. unuuuute behariau Mttibhud naA
poplesNOduaie alm
ast amy aspwt
 Date
Tople

wd
O thwotd" (hamacn ahal,30051 OlAon
Kudick b0g)Attitudlus
an oluinsol ashelis
oncelungs latuel to psou Ou eueut
LEagly
Unplti
aud Clhoaiku
atitud
,
2oO5).Aitudus Can
i.e cousciaun aud Aupokakle
b

Uuplucut cutitud ie Ju cAntHOlLahlu ald

pattially not conicioaly aceeAsible to us
(hlamaan ancl Bauaji,2009).

FonAaiio atiud
ik
Lik AAM ththughta
mamy eouteptátAak
deuulapand lueomuapcut uttCoatiut
Aysti atiiudis tauaAdAdienLmt topics
gaand PLaplaolAs ane oAmLel al uue

ApesihiCnolitioask dha Jsad to snmatiom

tAuLd ouLeaapiAieue uit attitoa

tasougl
obiets Th An ALnal uplauatians to
JAou uisdaappeus clasiual conduibiouing
imstumental conouionung andsocal leohnq
Jlaucal cowoli.ti.ouing,ALpLatol aAe-ciota
CaLa0sly nautralAtLulus ts Jliut
A hLaetios tluaua pkwiou liciid hir
Auctha Atiuls. lu tu Apuijic ces
Auauuati Condidoaina iea stinauluu beeanas
Topic Date.

gL 0 Jusaiud uh cousisbmtty paine uuith

Riutu peaitiuuo mgati sinuuithl degue
kung oan
nhjtwt uuwll chauguuheu
tte obieti iu paimol
ALtupouttiu0
ad baryens, 001
LthAinmuli shint t
MLgatu (De
JeuLs,
tlou
laou Dud
,Thouuas

Fazie 0t0).

T iustuuLeukal couditiouing hthaiaud tual

is ollound hy-
inkenLo
a
and is me
CmsLANmeMuAs
poaituu
iuly T be _MpLlid
uhuuas belhauA hat is oiLoued bya
Lgatul cmsequneAA nal Pe Lnampl,
Auhu Pnb wbal umnces ike
pAaAAing to eucenag Accuptalble beluauiau u
Ahu ckaildaen dk toopealus play AunspAaisl

Aibude emation co alse ba tnDua sacial lasuing

pARCLA hucls dosnatdepand c
diuet uiutoncus, but
JuuolusA phors a nuodullina [Bandusa 1a73).Modellin4
innolus ohsenuutou nubislh people liasa 2u
aLsp.ous hot bu- oliructu npuiencing_poditie o
gahie Rultconus but by oheALuiNg tt autmua aths
espons2s

Pncious o Atinude
ISnuith t al LlASE)AaielAtihudus aus Aus uchaasalyn0
 Date
Topi

etu uinoLhunt audthty nuak

Actios tu ohtets
coping_aith
appacpiot spemaL bndunLis availakl 4or
ypes a
ut sbiuelaKaty distinguisud joun
otti budis nuut l.e
puclolvaiunl uuetieus tuat
iustumtutal 4uitious kuouwledg punctiou ge
undL uuutiou, vclu vnpoLssiueAuddecialL
idntit uuetio
Tu iuåtauuntal amediou, katy aays uLL
duloppastbiu atikudus touraAcs uthe jct
thal aL asseciatid uuth ALuwands ausd cluelap
Lgatuu atiliuods tausinds tnas that aru
AAsoeLatiel uiitpunismcut
Aocodin4 to usnhdas unetaibe atihid aiola
Ju te ataiu soue cdgua nuLmngiul dtaklu,
ad Is
clra
otituos A
baic buta
mgruiad uiru AL_
bo protiet us aa u
usalel.Sonu.
chuouslealciua
ahaut oussuus hassh
ALalibi_a Lip ThusLAU hlp apiusacope
AuthLmohenal contiet oud pratet_srtLAttumm
ValuLpALsn tkdu sbo cue iaaud es
uhat ktup skauuc te Hunu thuy sue ta
duuoustnetn oni udto
LnpALM u AysAmagLto_atluus
bsio valuus
Slaauit L1984) aolclid anntiuu AoiLaliddastily 4uucLo
attikudis h Lpusko thintsmoatiuuniss a
atiuda pLsen Àmpusian, hournu
 Date

atiitadaapptas to cou abet t piopluhs

Jcld tlum

Enctos OQHubing atihudi

Tau uununLenabl actaytttat aeet au atikud
lApLssoL teuwoAds pastiiculas atibhueu abizct

pos panLet Lad

asticulaly iun tlau L0nly
atlaaa lasiily nuwssbis ploy a
Li

sigriiicost Aals u
alaapin4aktiiudefsamaticuLotu th schcal
AesukLLant biceuus auinpestaut bactyraund 4o
atitudeumatieu leasuung a atitnda uuitiia
u tamuly Audschoalusually dbtu plaou ky
ANintien, thnsughs ucands aind puniahumtA aud
thicugl nuodolliug

Reac ArLp haue o majon nol te play

tiiucde ato RelLscL qAups judicotu tp au
indiidusl the hous mgantlungALCLPtnbl
bhauieun Aiud uayAathnking the us lict
Lasmingaatiludo khuauggpeip on.cultunalL

Masy atitiudw AAL sauLedlnat u Ls 4anily

Lnuoneni hAugla npuwnu qn8ALps, but
hroug dinnutpruscenlnpiALLuaLLA_dulhieh baing
bbuing
phauk a dansi chang iu nus attibude kouwasds
peopl Aund thiib uwnih
 Date
Topic

Tathnalogical aduanua w uont

uou hinnus
macle audir-wisual nuudi aud tuiuknunut A
y po aul douseL o
dmonnabo that lhds to
atitudttouuationAud chaug tuadeikion-
scheotLuul tenthaoks_also uagluemcuatinud

Attcude Scal
PaychelegucalMAtounumts k attitudu scali_ os
o Lignud t0 uasuu psoual ana vauielyah Lipius
attitudia

ond isuLs.Typiually, atatude seausLonlaiaa st aj

statenuns Auluic LpALsi ditjeaat shacus o pinion
singlisuu TasL statnunla Adg honu staouglg
poailiuu lo stnougly negaluu, aud 4sh thm aigasnd.a
a nbru uliidh LnpaisLA I p0siio along iuis codinum.
Bynoiag thun agpiuatnt and didaspuALnttih
Aubjuck ntueals th natiaafuudtu laiuu snengtu a
hislh atlitiuol Ba eabjaed in quratie
int Lias2). cduulopud a truksiaut luatproelucs a uliahls
attuc mLCLAuL kLLa AulalisLas ie Libeat Lcale lespouclats
MARA uL-paint kzypanse scalu to indiale tay Lose
agpui DAclisagllthe Lacla stntenunt. he paiuati Ase lalell

aLLch as ALaDnglay4gL pa udicided, dsaguu, aud

Anonglay_oin agautAugausg uumuaiLa.llg-Hpena te 1Apnsen's 5
Acou unmnuol ond tle krtal ia usrd as au iudn altu
pLnseu's atilude 1u Lkal scalu daas LonLoibund ŠD uany
nuoduun 4uislounains dhal atiaudi_nMay lnauLuany_dnumsparA
Toplc Date

Loue

J
uusAkounluy
ugs, nuouLes
uu d
avnd
u nuas papula opucs
Mnik preplu waLuld
uoueLA
ag that ut plays a k Aal L uus aud
LLpLALenol uappinuAs
ALplecuuiue AuceLLA weulal ha
ÄuLal-pans uLa
o
BuLss (taqu)Bugguat2tha
lukaly ateo
tically atlacbdte aus
analluOmd hay illingto iuL tiue
Ond etnadimg aud paatectiug oy p
PAcluca u esLACA tuo baaic eatuul
Leu -disla aud eoni tmeub qeur OLu
CAnaituous tiuat huo da louL au pokauh adastdi
cu Apecie3 (Ramabengen 1993).
LouL uA an luuotional matioutthat ALMAAs heAi
As sAsutss,dueppiniss auud has [hau t al,1946).

Lieuclihup Rteuolecd physitalJnuncac

0 Aua au
Aud it iuuslu nAOAL LAlyhuiug
iutcatad iuauotus.
Lomautically
Steanbraas tiauguloa RAOdal
wpotaut anmewonk
ll

n
ndastaudliug tu
o Loue ia&6) s ons
voanisus CempoLus ooue tthey uggpss Ts
Hha Lackh Rou ulatiowshpi sadaaup
ttAlro balic CopohliAt tiua aA paLlu in
vaua dirua uditteaautCouplhsLALen
WLLtbay 996). On LowpcuutisAtLawa cy
i.e clecewLs uo
peple el aud
 Date
Top

e
stlangth o tlu
&LLaudCeipehlmt
AsnianLt pyiical
houd hat ualds
spassiou
attAactue
ttheu togetaar
basnd
aud sxuality shich
n
s tl sual nuotius and &ualAMeitnsmt
OsAoeLalad wlth a couplasALlatuom&uipTue
UhndCoLpaniat u decision coAnutnanmt uuieh

ALps mt& coquibi actan suel aa _diciciom

te Leuaud be uith apie pluus a cowitnd

e a pei manLMt o o
nuautauut
ang-teana
Alakon&uip
bail wkou alltarre_aglosco u
tu
tAiaugla anreaua lly sthemq oud balauLad
ALLult
Lou
Le
is wkat Stennbeng discba asconaumnAat
aAttgStanhalgsuggai lat elLannata
teidaal AA atoten dikicult

Stnnbings Medel o law

.
Uing TtmaLy an
Reaant Louse
Undimat Posi onlmmate CompanionálLoue =
/Jee Tntumocy Lntumay+ ommuutamt
Passiet
Comnmitment
ntatuabion
Posaio olont
Enpdtyon dais
tuut lou Pai t
JRmitmamt Curvitment alone
Top Date

Faetos athectug J
Thu an vonl0us actoJwicu ajheet Ous's Lau
LowaAd a pinso h
oh ok attacxutJsA
eNiticalatu iun lou. Tu PLyeatuni o
attackuut intusl paoimity maintmancaSaa
and andupanatio distALAR (B21schaid,2p10).

Ataehmumta unttal docentnusut and Aatshacio

n akulakonuip LPilo4uiu Aral,2.013) Aud conamita
Jaads to grtatnuninnacy ctennbug 1486)
Also, cannailing.ua LeuL play a nAao AAleE
has beu popoALd that uunaani po4niA_O
iubohcantaiving ALYctLmathat conuplonnuata
hen attachmentAydtiun (Bosllay 1912, Ainswactay
19 85) MutualLosLnAuaa lly upeaLLAL AAlatioundlsepa

w wwaich paHtnuns Attud

ano
o
dut auoihss iasnd
tanltanLLuth the upLckatou oAunng
t arbàukhen theù asn_nsada aaite(taskz
Mulls 1919 Closk oaud Hain eoc)Laue
hasn oduacibedas bay all p e
Alatioanips(Bushid 2olD) Caasstiasau
Ry to LOMub t
COgiina and uctimay
t tmatus a AAns a6suLnlAA lationaip
and itustnghensd by plinady4aniliand
simmilanuty aud poAutin haedLnpieucus
LSulliva atal 2011,Beekes al 2dl3). t
PaanLnaitiy is aRuyeafin as ALpeaed intuactioua
 Lkang _aud lou auingaiduil SZat
plays A jonelk by Lnpesieg sonue D
thu icdeudual ass hisiilaulgZaed

attonaiu_ zi itidy
Vaacs sidw Juau biz codund te dsLsA

D Barami Gast tal t 2e2)_comdutd ALsLAsc

119119sudat peuacunal anie Seta
psychesocal dtaeiinouti aDouLiie inelizaten

DeDiv inclinatou tiau asalis

Sisilbslu Medaa NP, Lanste 1nandDaue P

aclulta at iutematonal auuisunilau žnuie

uokeu aud uda te dhtLariss uis praid
Aihudus toasd seAAticis Ad i
auuults
Topic Date

Alnuld uatAnuniuou uuLug adult uuL ML0A

ouautio zallouwrd by tlut Turkish stuctuthoud
Tudiauu uasthu JouuLst aouLautisikun scoL
Feisual collug stuudussts nt Aiguificamlay ug11
u ollthnuCultus.
Amauti

TioishaCaala
tu ol mus
a iiLOnch
(2013) comductad to Lnauni
a audLontentual tatos du Alaping
AmaLntic Allatiousluips Banocla, qujanaEuL
MiLdnmthod a
iu-deptu-peu-eudsd oustionnan
aud a
iuteuie quclulinsuitl pout ukut 5
ype natiugseal om go MollLar4oiug adula ap u
AAueL a
1g-1yeas anel 3D udalL-aqLd adult
e nults aoMcdudo hat iudiucuals 00AL
Ae aAd gndu ieuLid Auualula. ALlaloudluup
As Mauune p0siiu duelo-pnmeutal uypack _
iuthnAlse gnla uua
polad
p.oliu
o
ndiuidualsaungageo

auo
be uossLpiblu Auan
nngoliuu impacts oLou
bayA to_bot

Eno tu akeLLmlionrd suolis ud nALANch

pops uLatlu Aoulal iuelgap a kuueulud44
Aud tluhiknt MALAnclhnAwamtLd to Atud aud
Lnpleru abtikuds af colluat gouugstudict
tourands louin neL_dLpth
 Date
Topic

METHOD

RoAROAC duaiga
Aanch cliosgu Auas A auanbitatiuMethsdA
qAustionnaLu thad uuwasapplied duHu study

Sanple
Punpasue sanmplug nethod uwaA MsLd. PuupeALue
Aauuplug uus On-pLLbabilladauupdung
tchnngu an uuliich nitsaL Aeleted bicaude
huy dhau clhanaetenistitA nLded Mn te danupl I
was conductd au ayongLOLgLgug _adulte
etusen the agie_18-22. aM

Parlinuinauy dutaa
NAMG YG
AGE 2l
CDURSE B.COM (HOon)

YEAR3
SocL0 ECOND MIL STATUC Middle Uam

Tosls used
puALnt
du 1968
SCALE
Con ulp
aud
scal ulas conatauctrdby

is
callud
A sl
DAVED KNox
assuAnLent
Andliuwidualsgaltuu
'
tool
uuleuualou
DaDauid kuD
LouE
ubuch
ATIITVDEE

a
Topic Date

AL Lualuatiou

Stang
LA tle_Loupllou a lu
scal, add nLMeens
maAkd biy ste pasicipantLoch1spensu pienn cassis-
a nigu ste kuw pankicipant aau mosked stnengl

gnteth pastieipant ulll be guuuna sc a 1

Similaalyy mildly
padicupasnt ill
aguu s
maskdALa ALpanse
giuea a dcou o 29o mngla-
agne1uidly ogu- ndecicleda3, nuildly disagpu:
auc on Ataenal diaagnu 5A gla_as AcoL a
1Atheugly agpu)iA nusst 1ouaudic Dupense and
SLAte14gl diuugnen) isthu ost aLaiah Asp0ust e
Jou tu tatal ACee [3D e
Jouust pnssibl scoL),-
ti meAuantuc Auspautiiparta attudetourards Lout
e ighen tutatal sce (150beug_theiglatsl Atene),
JtaL noL nLalite tu altitudeAuwud Aeu A Acm1o 90
places ths_pastuipa.ut
Lntaeu_ honAbuubeaud_an
at enuidpint bstueen bin
Lnbaun Malist
au

Scene

0
30-89

91-150
utapntiou
AoMaute
Ambivlut
alist
Talble he ALmL aLud tluuu JutupaLtalios