FORMULAS

Class 10 Math Important Formulas and Equations 

Linear Equations

One Variable ax+b=0, a≠0

Two variable ax+by+c = 0, a≠0, b≠0 
Three Variable ax+by+cz+d=0, a≠0, b≠0, c≠0
 
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

A1/a2 ≠b1/b2=intersecting =one sol , a1/a2=b1/b2≠c1/c2=parallel=no sol

A1/a2=b1/b2=c1/c2=coincident=infinite sol
Quadratic Equations 

Standard Form of Quadratic Equation ax + bx + c = 0, a≠0 

2

Quadratic Formula -b ± √D⁄2a  or -b ± b − 4ac⁄2a  

2

Discriminant D = b − 4ac
2

Sum of Roots −b/a

Product of Roots c/a
Arithmetic Progression

nth term for arithmetic progression a + (n-1) d

Sum of the first n terms  S = n/2 2a+(n−1)d2a+(n−1)d

n

"n=",((an-a)/d)+1 , d from Sn= (d/(n/2))-(2*a))/(n-1)

Trigonometry
 sin(90° – θ) = cos θ
 cos(90° – θ) = sin θ
 tan(90° – θ) = cot θ
 cot(90° – θ) = tan θ
 sec(90° – θ) = cosecθ
 cosec(90° – θ) = secθ
 sin2θ + cos2 θ = 1
 sec2 θ = 1 + tan2θ for 0° ≤ θ < 90°
 Cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ for 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90°
 FORMULAS

Circles 
 Circumference = 2 π r
 Area = π r 2

 Area of the sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × π r 2

 Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r

Surface Area and Volumes
 Surface area of sphere=4 π r2
 Volume of Cylinder=4/3 π r3
 CSA Cylinder=2πrh
 TSA of Cylinder=2 πrh + 2 πr
 V of Cylinder=π r2 h
 Slant height of cone l = √(r2 + h2 )
 CSA of cone=πrl
 TSA cone=πr (l + r)
 V of cone=⅓ π r h
 Perimeter of cuboid=4(l + b +h)
 TSA cuboid=2(l×b + b×h + l×h)
 V of Cuboid=l × b × h
 LSA cube=4a2
 TSA cube=6a2
 V of cube=a3
 CSA/LSA(for uniform cross sec)=peri of base*h
 V(for uniform cross sec)=ar of base*h

Statistics

 The mean of the grouped data,CI=(U.L+L.L)/2 ,di=xi-a ,ui=(xi-a)/h

 Direct Method: x̅ =(∑fi xi)/( ∑xi)
 Assumed mean method : ̅ x = a +(∑fidi)/( ∑fi)
 Step deviation method : x̅ = a +(∑fiui)/( ∑fi)*h
 Mode=l+(f1-f0/2(f1)-f0-f2)*h
 F1=max no. In fi
 Median=l+((n/2)-c.f/f)*h
 C.f=fi1,fi1=+fi2,.......
 Empirical formula= 3median=mode+2mean