Bs en 12697-39-2012沥青混合料烧失法确定粘合物含量

BS EN 12697-39:2012
BSI Standards Publication
Bituminous mixtures — Test

methods for hot mix asphalt
Part 39: Binder content by ignition
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BS EN 12697-39:2012 BRITISH STANDARD
National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12697-39:2012.
It supersedes BS EN 12697-39:2004 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
Committee B/510/1, Asphalt products.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI Standards
Limited 2012
ISBN 978 0 580 76410 3
ICS 93.080.20
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
This British Standard was published under the authority of the
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2012.
Amendments issued since publication
Date Text affected
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BS EN 12697-39:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12697-39

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2012
ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-39:2004
English Version
Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part

39: Binder content by ignition
Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 39:
hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 39: Détermination de la Bindemittelgehalt durch Thermoanalyse
teneur en liant par calcination
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 April 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12697-39:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................7
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................7
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................7
4 Principle ..................................................................................................................................................8
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5 Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................8
5.1 Furnace ...................................................................................................................................................8
6 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures......................................... 10
7 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 10
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 10
7.2 Test procedure for furnace with internal balance (Method A) ....................................................... 11
7.3 Procedure for furnace without internal balance (Method B) .......................................................... 12
8 Calculation ........................................................................................................................................... 12
8.1 Method A.............................................................................................................................................. 12
8.2 Method B.............................................................................................................................................. 13
9 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 14
10 Precision data ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Annex A (normative) Calculation of calibration value.................................................................................. 15
A.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 15
A.2 Calibration based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures .................................................. 15
A.3 Calibration based on parallel analysis with extraction methods ................................................... 16
A.4 Calibration based on dry analysis of constituent aggregate ......................................................... 16
Annex B (informative) Aggregate grading ..................................................................................................... 19
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
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BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 12697-39:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
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This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12697-39:2004.
The significant technical changes made to EN 12697-39:2004 include the following:

a) The need for calibration of a mixture is clarified in the scope;
b) The definitions for precision concepts are removed;
c) Minor clarifications in the principle;
d) The nesting of baskets is clarified in the equipment;
e) The tolerance on the temperature of the oven is widened;
f) The maximum weight requirements of the external balance are corrected;
g) The note that the calibration value based on dry analysis of constituent aggregate can only be regarded
as an estimate is deleted;
h) The catch pan to be placed in the furnace with the sample baskets is added;
i) Note added that the mass of the sample baskets and catch pan need not be measured if the binder
content is to be calculated using the mass loss directly;
j) In Annex A, the total binder load is limited to 150 g;
k) Precision added to Annex B.
This European Standard is one of a series of standards for Bituminous mixtures as listed below:
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content
EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution
EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary
evaporator
EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery:
Fractionating column
EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density

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BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays
EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactability
affinity between aggregate and bitumen
EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature
measurement
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content
segregation sensitivity
EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres
EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen
EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage
EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen
EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or
cylindrical specimens (CY)
EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens
EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens
EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue
EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test
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EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
dimensions of a bituminous specimen
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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation by
impact compactor
EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation by
gyratory compactor
EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by vibratory compactor
EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor
EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test
EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing
thickness of a bituminous pavement
EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA
EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration
EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition
EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In-situ drainability
EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids
EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign
matter in reclaimed asphalt
EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel
EN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 44: Crack propagation by
semi-circular bending test
EN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 45: Saturation ageing tensile
stiffness (SATS) conditioning test
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EN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 46: Low temperature cracking
and properties by uniaxial tension tests
EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 47: Determination of the ash
content of natural asphalts
prEN 12697-48, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Interlayer bonding1)
prEN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Determination of friction
after polishing1)

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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
prEN 12697-50, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 50: Scuffing resistance of
surface course1)
WARNING — The temperature of the oven and the different accessories is extremely high during the
ignition method. Special care shall be taken when handling the equipment and the samples baskets
etc. should be placed, shielded and marked in a way that helps ensure any unpremeditated contact is
avoided.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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1) In preparation.
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BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes a test method for the determination of the binder content of samples of bituminous
mixtures by ignition. As such, it is an alternative to the more traditional method of extracting the binder using
solvents. The method can be used for evaluation of mixture composition because the remaining aggregate
can be used for determining aggregate gradation and density, provided excessive breakdown of the
aggregate particles does not occur at the temperature reached. The results can be used for process control or
checks on the compliance of mixtures. However, the need for calibration of a mixture, either on the complete
mixture or on each of its component materials separately, before an analysis can be carried out makes this
method easier to use with regularly used mixtures rather than with an extensive range of different mixtures
from different aggregate sources. The test method is equally suitable for the analysis of mixtures containing
unmodified or modified binders because the method has to be calibrated for each mixture being checked
when calibration on mixtures is used. In case of doubt/dispute, the determination of the calibration value
based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures (see A.1 and A.2) is the reference method.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12597, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Terminology
EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content
EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content
EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling
EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
binder
covers both bitumen and bituminous binder as described in EN 12597
3.2
corrected binder content
calculated binder content after correction by the calibration value in order to compensate for components in
the asphalt material itself that, due to the high temperatures during ignition, could give rise to
misinterpretations
3.3
calibration value
mean difference between the actual and measured binder contents for a particular bituminous mixture, in per
cent, as measured from three samples
Note 1 to entry: The calibration value is a specific, material-dependent value that normally results from a loss of mass
during the ignition from constituents in the mixture other than the binder. The principle of the binder content by ignition is
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based upon a pre-determination of the corrections for the constituents used in the mixture, primarily the aggregate.
Note 2 to entry: Mineral aggregates will show varying losses of mass during the test depending on their origin
(petrographic composition). Examples of components that give rise to high corrections are limestone, hydrated lime and
cellulose fibres.

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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Note 3 to entry: Methods for determining the calibration values are given in Annex A (normative).
3.4
target temperature
temperature to which the furnace would raise the sample in the test without the rise in temperature due to the
exothermic reaction of burning the binder
Note 1 to entry: The target temperature (usually 540 °C) is determined during the calibration.
3.5
test completion time
time from when the temperature in the furnace returns to the target temperature, after the initial rise above
that temperature, to when the test is completed with the sample having nominally reached constant mass
Note 1 to entry: If a furnace with an internal balance is used, the completion time is when the loss of mass between
individual readings taken at 1 min intervals for three consecutive minutes is less than a constant mass limit. If a furnace
without an internal balance is used, the completion time is when the change in the mass of the sample after further ignition
for 15 min is less than a constant mass limit.
4 Principle
The test method determines the binder content of bituminous mixtures by ignition of the mixture in a furnace.
The corrected binder content is obtained by a calculation that includes a calibration term. Calibration terms are
determined for particular asphalt mixtures or aggregates. Two test methods are described: Method A utilises a
furnace with an internal balance; Method B permits the use of a furnace and external balance. Re-
determination (re-calibration or re-calculation depending on the calibration method chosen from Annex A)
shall be undertaken for each significant change in the mixture, including changes in the constituent materials
or their proportions.
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NOTE 1 The ignition process should have a controlled rise in temperature in order to avoid excessive heating of the
mineral aggregate which can break down the aggregate particles depending on the petrographic composition.
NOTE 2 The calculation of the calibration value based on parallel analysis with extraction methods (A.1 and A.3) is
appropriate for mixtures for which the intended proportions of the constituent materials are not known.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Furnace.
5.1.1 Furnace, capable of burning all the binder with the features detailed in 5.1.2 to 5.1.6 for Method A
and 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 for Method B.
NOTE 1 The temperature required to burn all the binder will depend on the technology used and is determined as part
of the calibration procedure (see Annex A).
NOTE 2 The furnace should not have to operate at its maximum capacity in order to allow flexibility and to ensure long
service.
5.1.2 Sample chamber, having an internal capacity capable of taking the sample without touching the
sides and with the maximum dimensions not greater than twice the minimum dimensions.
NOTE Larger chamber sizes may expedite testing by allowing larger sample basket(s) (and thus the material to be
tested can be placed in thinner layers).
5.1.3 Automatic lock, that shall not allow the door to be opened until the completion of the test procedure,
and a warning system to indicate the end of the pre-programmed temperature cycle.

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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
5.1.4 System for reducing furnace emissions, by which the furnace shall be vented into a hood or to the
outside and which, when properly set up, shall permit no noticeable odours escaping into the laboratory.
The furnace shall have a fan with the capability to pull sufficient air through the furnace to expedite the test
and to reduce the escape of smoke into the laboratory.
NOTE 1 The method for reducing furnace emissions can comprise a filter and a post combustion chamber that is
designed to eliminate the toxic residues produced by burning the binder.
NOTE 2 If mechanical ventilation is used, the air flow should be adjusted so as not to affect the operation of the
equipment (e.g. a forced air extraction system may result in a loss of fines and the generation of fumes from the furnace).
5.1.5 Internal balance, capable of detecting mass variations of ± 0,1 g in the sample within the baskets.
The balance shall be thermally isolated from the furnace chamber.
5.1.6 Data collection system and a warning system, which shall be capable of being set to a value such
that the loss in mass between individual readings taken at 1 min intervals for three consecutive minutes at end
of the pre-programmed temperature cycle is not higher than the values stated in Table 1.
5.2 Metal baskets, manufactured from perforated sheet of tempered stainless steel or other suitable
material that permits adequate air flow through the sample and retains the majority of the sample throughout
the test.
The dimensions shall be specified by the furnace manufacturer to provide the maximum surface area for the
sample while still providing sufficient room to safely load and unload the sample. The baskets shall be capable
of being nested.
5.3 Catch pan, made of stainless steel with dimensions sized to accommodate the metal baskets specified
in 5.2.
5.4 Oven, with convection or forced draft, capable of maintaining a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C in the
vicinity of the samples.
5.5 External balance, capable of weighing the mass of trays plus the catch pan and the test sample
according to Table 1 to ± 0,1 g.
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5.6 Safety equipment, including safety glasses or face shield, high temperature gloves, and long sleeved
jacket.
5.7 Heat-resistant surface, capable of withstanding 650 °C and able to act as a heat sink that can speed
the cooling of the sample baskets, and protective cage, capable of completely surrounding the sample
baskets and preventing accidental physical contact with them.
NOTE An appropriate sign warning of the danger of ‘Very Hot Surfaces’ should be attached to the protective cage.
5.8 Pan, larger than the sample basket(s), for transferring samples after ignition.
5.9 Spatulas.
5.10 Bowls.
5.11 Wire brushes.

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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
6 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures

6.1 Sampling shall be performed in accordance with EN 12697-28 to achieve a sample size as given in
Table 1. The mass of the sample in the baskets during the test shall be the same as the mass used for the
calibration to ± 100 g.
Table 1 — Size of sample
Nominal maximum aggregate size Mass of sample Maximum constant mass limit
mm g g
4 1 000 to 1 400 0,15
5,6 or 6,3 or 8 or 10 1 000 to 1 600 0,15
11,2 or 12,5 or 14 or 16 1 000 to 1 700 0,20
20 or 22,4 1 000 to 2 400 0,25
31,5 1 000 to 3 000 0,30
40 or 45 1 000 to 4 000 0,40
NOTE 1 When the mass of the test specimen exceeds the capacity of the equipment used, the test specimen may be
divided into suitable increments, tested, and the results combined by weighted average for calculation of the corrected
binder content.
NOTE 2 Large samples of fine mixtures tend to result in incomplete ignition of the binder.
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6.2 The sample shall be dried to constant mass in an oven at (110 ± 5) °C unless it is known that the
sample does not contain water. Alternatively, the water content shall be determined in accordance with
EN 12697-14 for later correction.
NOTE If a damp sample is tested, the water content will be driven off and could be counted as binder if no correction
is made.
7 Procedure
7.1 General
7.1.1 Obtain the calibration value in accordance with Annex A for the specific mixture to be analysed either
directly or from records. The calibration procedure (or re-calculation for calibration based on dry analysis of
constituent aggregate) shall be carried out with a mixture before undertaking any acceptance testing, and
repeated at regular intervals. It shall also be carried out each time there is a significant change in the mixture
design. A significant change is classified as being:
⎯ a change of source for any component material (particularly recycled asphalt pavement); and/or
⎯ a change in the proportion of the component materials (other than the binder or recycled asphalt
pavement) by 10 % or more of their original proportion; and/or
⎯ a change in the proportion of any recycled asphalt pavement by 5 % or more of the original proportion;
and/or
⎯ a change of target binder content by 0,5 % or more.
NOTE 1 The calculation of the calibration value based on parallel analysis with extraction methods (A.1 and A.3) is
appropriate for mixtures for which the intended proportions of the constituent materials are not known.
NOTE 2 The analysis method by ignition may be affected by the type of aggregate in the mixture.
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EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
NOTE 3 Mineral aggregate (and organic fibres) will show varying losses of mass during the test depending on their
origin (petrographic composition). Examples of components that give rise to high corrections are limestone, hydrated lime
and cellulose fibres. The calibration value for these components can be measured by determination on a bitumen/filler
mortar (A.4).
7.1.2 The test shall be carried out using the same equipment used in the calibration, including furnace and
sample baskets.
7.1.3 Pre-heat the ignition furnace. Record the furnace temperature at the start of the test.
7.1.4 Continue the procedure in accordance with either 7.2 (Method A) for furnaces with an internal balance
or 7.3 (Method B) for furnaces without an internal balance.
NOTE When required, the aggregate grading can be determined in accordance with Annex B after the binder content
has been obtained.
7.2 Test procedure for furnace with internal balance (Method A)
7.2.1 Weigh the sample at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C on the external balance and record the sample
mass Ws,w, in grams, to the nearest 0,1 g.
7.2.2 Place the available sample baskets in the catch pan in turn and without any appreciable loss of
temperature. Distribute the relevant proportion of the sample as evenly as possibly over each sample basket
before placing the next. Take care to keep the material away from the edges of the sample baskets. Use a
spatula or trowel to level the sample.
NOTE To ensure consistent results, the temperature of the test portion after determining Ws,w should not be allowed
to cool from 110 °C for more than 3 min before loading into the furnace.
7.2.3 Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+s, in grams, on
the external balance.
7.2.4 Place the sample baskets and catch pan in the furnace ensuring that they are not in contact with
either the furnace wall or any temperature probe or other protrusion inside the furnace. Run the appropriate
ignition programme after the oven has been pre-heated according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
7.2.5 Allow the test to continue until the balance indicator displays show that the sample mass has
stabilised and so that the range of 3 consecutive weighings, taken at 1 min intervals, is within the constant
mass limit in Table 1. Remove the sample baskets, placing them on the heat-resistant surface, immediately
covering with the heat guard and allow to cool to approximately room temperature to permit safe handling.
NOTE 1 Failure of the furnace scale to stabilise may indicate that the sample baskets are in contact with the furnace
wall.
NOTE 2 The cooling time for samples removed from the furnace is dependent primarily on sample size and dispersion
in the baskets. The time taken to cool to approximately room temperature is unlikely to be less than 30 min.
7.2.6 Record the loss of mass Wloss, in grams, from the internal balance. Then weigh and record the mass
of the sample, sample baskets and catch pan Wt+a, in grams, to 0,1 g on the external balance.
NOTE Wt+a need not be measured if B is to be calculated using Wloss directly, but B should be calculated using Ws
and Wa whenever used for reference purposes because the internal balance measures the mass loss at elevated
temperature.
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7.3 Procedure for furnace without internal balance (Method B)
7.3.1 Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt, in grams, at room
temperature. Place the sample basket(s) in the catch pan and evenly distribute the specimen in the basket(s).
Weigh to 0,1 g and record the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+s, in grams.
7.3.2 Heat the sample in the furnace at the test temperature ± 5 °C for the time determined during the
calibration ± 5 min.
7.3.3 Remove the sample from the furnace and allow it to cool to below 35 °C. Weigh to 0,1 g and record
the mass of the sample, sample basket(s) and catch pan Wt+a, in grams.
7.3.4 Return the sample back into the furnace. After the furnace reaches the set point temperature, heat the
sample for a further 15 min. Repeat 7.3.3 to determine the mass of the sample after the extended ignition
period.
7.3.5 Repeat 7.3.4 until the change in the mass of the sample after 15 min of further ignition is less than the
constant mass limit in Table 1.
8 Calculation
8.1 Method A
8.1.1 The total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws,w, in grams, is determined in 7.2.1.
8.1.2 If the sample was not initially dried to constant mass, calculate the dried total mass of bituminous
mixture prior to ignition Ws, in grams, using the following formula:
§ 100 ·
Ws = Ws,w × ¨ ¸ (1)
© 100 + M ¹
where
Ws is the dried total mass of the bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g);
Ws,w is the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g);
M is the moisture content determined in accordance with EN 12697-14, in percent (%).
If the sample was initially dried to constant mass, the dried total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition
Ws, in grams, is identical to the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws,w, in grams.
8.1.3 Calculate the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition Wa, in grams, using the following
formula:
Wa = Wt + a − Wt (2)
where
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Wa is the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition, in grams (g);
Wt+a is the mass of bituminous mixture, sample basket(s) and catch pan after ignition, in grams (g);
Wt is the mass of the sample basket(s) and catch pan, in grams (g).

12
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
8.1.4 Calculate the corrected binder content of the sample by mass of the bituminous mixture sample B, in
percent, using the following formula:
(Ws − Wa ) W
B= × 100 − CF = loss × 100 − CF (3)
Ws Ws
where
B is the corrected binder content of the bituminous mixture sample, in percent (%);
Ws is the dried total mass of the bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g);
CF is the calibration value, in percent (%);
Wloss is the loss of mass from the internal balance, in grams (g).
NOTE Calculating B using Wloss can be carried out more quickly, but B should be calculated using Ws and Wa for
reference purposes because the internal balance measures the mass loss at elevated temperature.
8.2 Method B
8.2.1 Calculate the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws,w, in grams, using the following
formula:
Ws,w = Wt + s − Wt (4)
where
Ws,w is the total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition, in grams (g);
Wt+s is the mass of bituminous mixture, sample basket(s) and catch pan prior to ignition, in grams (g);
8.2.2 Calculate the dried total mass of bituminous mixture prior to ignition Ws, in grams, in accordance with
8.1.2.
8.2.3 Calculate the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition Wa, in grams, using the following
formula:
Wa = Wt + a − Wt (5)
where
Wt+a is the mass of bituminous mixture, sample basket(s) and catch pan after ignition, in grams (g);
8.2.4 Calculate the corrected binder content of the sample by mass of the bituminous mixture sample B, in
percent, in accordance with 8.1.4.

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13
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) identification number, type of mixture and composition;
b) date and time of testing and name of operator;
c) reference to this document;
d) calibration value and the method used for determining the calibration value;
e) maximum temperature during testing;
f) binder content (rounded to nearest 0,1 % by mass);
g) aggregate grading and aggregate density, when required;
h) any observation which may have an influence on the evaluation.
10 Precision data
10.1 Two precision experiments in accordance with ISO 5725 (all parts) with ignition analysis using Method
A have been carried out. The round-robin studies for surfacing mixtures carried out in the UK and Denmark
are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The precision has not yet been determined for Method B.
Table 2 — Precision for determination of bitumen content
Binder content of mixture, m, % by mass 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0

Repeatability, r, % by mass 0,36 0,36 0,37 0,37
Reproducibility, R, % by mass 0,60 0,71 0,82 0,93
NOTE The precision statements in Table 2 are based on four mixture types, two replicates (plus a third using solvent
analysis) and 12 laboratories participating with one result from one laboratory being deleted as outlying observations.
Three of the mixtures were tested from mixed material prior to compaction and one using cores taken from a compacted
mat.
Table 3 — Precision for determination of bitumen content
Short description Repeatability, r Reproducibility, R

% by mass % by mass
Bituminous bound base course GAB 0 type 16 0,30 0,33
Dense graded wearing course AB 8t 0,17 0,19
Binder course ABB 16 PmB 0,25 0,33
10.2 Based on the average values from Tables 2 and 3, the repeatability, r, can be taken as 0,31 % by mass
and the reproducibility, R, can be taken as 0,56 % by mass.
NOTE The acceptable range of two test results is equivalent to half the tolerance that can be permitted in the
specification on the binder contents for some mixtures.
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14
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Calculation of calibration value
A.1 General
A.1.1 The calibration value can be determined through three alternative methods, in accordance with A.2,
A.3 or A.4.
NOTE Some furnaces might have an automatic mixture calibration feature. The use of such furnaces is not precluded
provided that equivalent results can be demonstrated by a recognised statistical method of validation.
A.1.2 If the calibration value is greater than 0,70 % or if the grading of the residual aggregate does not
conform to the grading of the mixture or aggregate as prepared, repeat the calibration at lower target
temperatures. The temperature shall be reduced in steps of 20 °C to 480 °C or until the calibration value is
determined as being not greater than 0,70 % and the grading of the residual aggregate conforms to the
grading of the mixture or aggregate as prepared. The target temperature for any subsequent testing shall be
⎯ 480 °C, and
⎯ the highest temperature at which the calibration value was not greater than 0,70 % and the grading of the
residual aggregate conformed to the grading of the mixture or aggregate as prepared.
The calibration value shall be the calibration value at the target temperature.
NOTE 1 Certain aggregate types, such as basalt and gritstone, may result in an unusually high calibration value
(> 0,70 %) which can give erroneous grading results unless lower ignition temperatures are used.
NOTE 2 If the asphalt contains aggregates such as large size limestone aggregates, it may not be possible to obtain
the original grading line totally. In such cases, a calibration at 540 °C (if the calibration value is not greater than 0,70 %)
may be preferable than risking incomplete binder ignition (i.e. a small deviation in the coarse end of the grading analysis
rather than an incorrect binder content determination). Nevertheless, the grading analysis will be practically unaffected by
the ignition process in most cases.
NOTE 3 If using an infrared oven, it is not possible to reduce the ignition temperature. In such cases, higher calibration
values up to 0,85 % may be accepted.
A.2 Calibration based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures

A.2.1 If the mixing plant has not been used immediately prior for a similar mixture, prepare a sample and
discard a mixture at the target binder content in order to ensure an accurate binder content in the subsequent
mixtures.
NOTE The discarded sample is to ensure that the equipment is suitably covered in binder and does not affect the
result.
A.2.2 Prepare three sample mixtures under laboratory conditions at the target aggregate grading and at the
target binder content to the mass requirements of Table 1.
A.2.3 Place the freshly mixed specimens in the sample baskets. If allowed to cool, place the samples in an
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oven at (110 ± 5) °C to soften the mixture prior to placing in the sample baskets.
A.2.4 Test the specimens in accordance with either of the tests outlined in Clause 7. When using Method B
in accordance with 7.3, record the temperature every 30 s and the time from the start of the test to when the
temperature returns to the target temperature. Continue to record the time until the test is completed, including
the added times associated with 7.3.3 and 7.3.5, and determine the test completion time as the time from
when the temperature returns to the target temperature until the test is completed.

15
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
NOTE The temperature will rise above the target temperature due to the exothermic reaction of burning the binder
and will return to the target temperature when all the flammable materials have been burnt.
A.2.5 Perform a grading analysis on the residual aggregate in accordance with Annex B.
A.2.6 Calculate the measured mass loss Csi, in percent, for each sample using the following formula:
(Ws − Wa )
Csi = × 100 (A.1)
Ws
where
Csi is the measured mass loss, in percent (%);
Ws is the total mass of the bituminous mixture sample prior to ignition, in grams (g).
A.2.7 Calculate the calibration value CF, in percent, for the mixture as the average of the three results using
the following formula:
(CS1 + CS2 + CS3 )

CF = − Bmix (A.2)
3
where
CSi is the measured mass loss for the i. sample, in percent (%);
Bmix is the target binder content added to the mixture, in percent (%).
A.3 Calibration based on parallel analysis with extraction methods

A.3.1 Obtain not less than three samples of the bituminous mixture. Split each sample into two portions in
accordance with EN 12697-27.
A.3.2 Analyse the binder content of one portion from each sample using solvent analysis in accordance with
one of the acceptable extraction methods of EN 12697-1.
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A.3.3 Calibrate the mixture in accordance with A.2.2 to A.2.7 but using the value of binder content found
from the solvent analysis as Bmix.
NOTE If the correction is determined by parallel analysis without reference-mixtures with known binder content, the
accuracy of the calibration will be reduced. Calibration by this procedure consists of the difference between the results of
the two methods and will, therefore, be influenced by the combined variance of the two methods.
A.4 Calibration based on dry analysis of constituent aggregate

NOTE 1 If the same aggregates are used in many different asphalt products at the same asphalt plant, it may be
advantageous to determine the calibration value separately for each of the constituent materials included in the relevant
mixture compositions and subsequently calculate the combined calibration value.
NOTE 2 For bituminous mixtures containing hydrated lime or cellulose fibres, it will not be possible to determine the
true calibration value by A.4. Instead, the calibration value for filler components can be estimated by using A.2. A known
amount of pre-dried filler is mixed with a known amount of bitumen to a stiff mortar. The total binder load should not
16
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
exceed 150 g because of the possibility of excessive exothermic heat generation. The mortar is tested in the furnace. The
calibration value, C FF, is calculated using the following formula:
CFF = C s − BFM (A.3)
where
CFF is the calibration value, in percent (%);
Cs is the measured mass loss for the filler mortar, in percent (%);
BFM is the binder content in the filler mortar, in percent (%).
A.4.1 Prepare three calibration specimens of the aggregate and reclaimed asphalt (if applicable) only. The
mass of each specimen shall conform to Table 1.
A.4.2 Preheat a specimen in an oven at (110 ± 5) °C for 25 min. Thoroughly mix the specimen with a
spatula and then introduce it into the sample basket(s).
A.4.3 Test the specimens in accordance with Clause 7, leaving the specimen in the furnace for either the
minimum time given in Table A.1 or until the range of 3 consecutive weighings, taken at 1 min intervals, is
within the constant mass limit in Table A.1, whichever occurs first.
NOTE The target temperature for the calibration (but not for subsequent testing of mixtures with that calibration) can
be increased by 40 °C to compensate for the lack of an exothermic reaction.
Table A.1 — Time in furnace for aggregate 2) (only samples)
Sample size Minimum time Maximum constant mass limit

g min g
1 000 to 1 999 40 0,4
2 000 to 2 999 60 0,7
3 000 to 4 000 75 0,8
A.4.4 Perform a grading analysis on the residual aggregate in accordance with Annex B.
A.4.5 Calculate the measured mass loss Csi, in percent, for each sample in accordance with A.2.6.
A.4.6 If no reclaimed asphalt is used, calculate the aggregate calibration value CFA, in percent, for the
aggregate grading as the average of the three results using the following formula:
(C s1 + C s2 + C s3 )
CFA = (A.4)
3
where
CFA is the aggregate calibration value, in percent (%);
Csi is the measured mass loss for the i. sample, in percent (%).
2) Table also appropriate to reclaimed asphalt, if applicable.
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17
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
A.4.7 If reclaimed asphalt is used, calculate the aggregate calibration value CFA, in percent, for the
aggregate grading as the average of the three results using the following formula:
(Cs1 + Cs2 + Cs3 ) § P ·

CFA = − ¨ Bra × ra ¸ (A.5)
3 © 100 ¹
where
Csi is the measured mass loss for the i. sample, in percent (%);
Bra is the estimated binder content of the reclaimed asphalt, in percent (%);
Pra is the proportion of reclaimed asphalt, in percent (%).
A.4.8 For a particular mixture using the aggregate grading for which the aggregate calibration value has
been derived, calculate the calibration value, CF, in percent, using the following formula:
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§ B ·
CF = CFA × ¨1 − A ¸ (A.6)
© 100 ¹
where
BA is the nominal binder content of the asphalt mixture to be tested, in percent (%).
NOTE If the nominal binder content is not known, the measured binder content will need to be used, requiring
iteration.
A.4.9 If calibration values are required from combinations of different aggregates, repeat A.4.1 to A.4.8 for
each of the component aggregates. For each particular mixture using a combination of the aggregates,
calculate the calibration value, CF, in percent, using the following formula:
CF =
¦ ( pi × CFA,i ) × §¨1 − BA ·
¸ (A.7)
¨ 100 ¸¹
100 ©
where
pi is the proportion of aggregate type i in the asphalt mixture to be tested, in percent, where
¦( pi ) = 100;
CFA,i is the aggregate calibration value determined for aggregate type i, in percent (%);
BA is the nominal binder content of the asphalt mixture to be tested, in percent (%).
NOTE For practical reasons, the asphalt mixtures at a plant may be divided into groups using the same calibration
value.
18
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Aggregate grading
B.1 The specimen is allowed to cool to room temperature in the sample baskets.
B.2 The contents of the baskets are emptied into a flat pan. A small wire sieve brush is used to ensure that
any residual fines are removed from the baskets.
B.3 The remaining sample, consisting of mineral aggregate, should, when required, be used for
determination of aggregate grading in accordance with EN 12697-2 and/or aggregate density in accordance
with EN 1097-6.
NOTE 1 Deterioration of particles can occur for some types of aggregate.
NOTE 2 Wet sieving is preferable to dry sieving because the filler particles tend to become stuck to the surface of the
mineral aggregate procedure by the ignition process and can only be removed with the washing process of the wet sieving
method.
B.4 The precision is indicated by the differences found in gradings from studies undertaken in France (see
Table B.1).
Table B.1 — Permissible differences in grading: France
Francea
Sieve Permissible differences
10 mm ±5%
6 mm ±3%
2 mm ±2%
0,080 mm ± 0,8 %
a Contrôle des enrobés sans solvants (CESS). Une méthode propre et fiable, Eric Godard,
RGRA n° 806, Mai 2002.
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19
BS EN 12697-39:2012
EN 12697-39:2012 (E)
Bibliography
[1] EN 1097-6, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates — Part 6: Determination of
particle density and water absorption
[2] EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle
size distribution
[3] ISO 5725 (all parts), Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results
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20
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BS EN 12697-39:2012

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Bituminous mixtures — Test

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12697-39

ICS 93.080.20 Supersedes EN 12697-39:2004

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 April 2012.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

Copyright British Standards Institution

This document supersedes EN 12697-39:2004.

The significant technical changes made to EN 12697-39:2004 include the following:

b) The definitions for precision concepts are removed;

c) Minor clarifications in the principle;

d) The nesting of baskets is clarified in the equipment;

e) The tolerance on the temperature of the oven is widened;

f) The maximum weight requirements of the external balance are corrected;

j) In Annex A, the total binder load is limited to 150 g;

k) Precision added to Annex B.

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

EN 12597, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Terminology

3 Terms and definitions

Copyright British Standards Institution

Copyright British Standards Institution

The balance shall be thermally isolated from the furnace chamber.

5.11 Wire brushes.

Copyright British Standards Institution

6 Preparatory treatment of laboratory samples of bituminous mixtures

Table 1 — Size of sample

⎯ a change of target binder content by 0,5 % or more.

7.2 Test procedure for furnace with internal balance (Method A)

Copyright British Standards Institution

7.3 Procedure for furnace without internal balance (Method B)

M is the moisture content determined in accordance with EN 12697-14, in percent (%).

Wa is the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition, in grams (g);

Copyright British Standards Institution

Wa is the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition, in grams (g);

CF is the calibration value, in percent (%);

Wa is the total mass of aggregate remaining after ignition, in grams (g);

Copyright British Standards Institution

a) identification number, type of mixture and composition;

b) date and time of testing and name of operator;

c) reference to this document;

e) maximum temperature during testing;

f) binder content (rounded to nearest 0,1 % by mass);

g) aggregate grading and aggregate density, when required;

h) any observation which may have an influence on the evaluation.

Table 2 — Precision for determination of bitumen content

Binder content of mixture, m, % by mass 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0

Table 3 — Precision for determination of bitumen content

Short description Repeatability, r Reproducibility, R

Calculation of calibration value

A.2 Calibration based on laboratory-prepared bituminous mixtures

Copyright British Standards Institution

Csi is the measured mass loss, in percent (%);

Bs en 12697-39-2012沥青混合料烧失法确定粘合物含量

Bs en 12697-39-2012沥青混合料烧失法确定粘合物含量

Bs en 12697-39-2012沥青混合料烧失法确定粘合物含量