Empirical Formulae of lead oxide

1. Substance A
Lead oxide

Excess
Dry hydrogen gases hydrogen burnt

Retort stand Porcelain boat

Heated

An experiment was conducted to determine the empirical formulae of lead oxide using
hydrogen gas as shown in a diagram above.
After heating the porcelain boat, it is cooled to room temperature with hydrogen gas
still flowing inside the heating tube. It is then weigh and the process of heating, cooling
and weighing were repeated to ensure the complete reduction of lead oxide.
Result of the experiment is shows as follow.
Mass of porcelain boat = 25.30 g
Mass of porcelain boat + lead oxide before heating = 37.25 g
Mass of porcelain boat + lead oxide after heating = 35.65 g
(a) (i) Draw a figure to shows how the hydrogen gas can be prepared in this experiment.
Label the chemical substance and apparatus used in this experiment.

(ii) Write a chemical equation to represent the reaction taken place in the conical
flask in question (a) (i).

(b) Name one appropriate substance that can dry hydrogen gas in this experiment.

(c) Why does the hydrogen gas used in this experiment must be really dry?

(d) Calculate the mass of lead used in this experiment.

(e) Find the mass of oxygen that react with lead.

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(f) Based on the result of the experiment, calculate the empirical formulae of lead oxide.

(g) From question (f) write the chemical equation between lead oxide and hydrogen gas.

(h) Why does the porcelain boat with compound still inside must be cooled in a flow of
hydrogen in the experiment?

(i) Why does the process of heating, cooling and weighing has to be repeated until the
mass of porcelain and its content become constant?

(j) State two precautions that must be taken when conducting the experiment.

(k) Why does the hydrogen gas must be pure before heating the heating tube.

(l) Name substance A.

(m) Can the empirical formulae of magnesium oxide be determined using this
experiment? Explain why?

(n) Name one oxide metal that its empirical formulae can be determine with this
experiment.