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Question 3

x0r yr yrcos x0r yrsin x0r yrcos 2x0r yrsin 2x0r


0 1.80 1.800 0.000 1.800 0.000
30 1.10 0.953 0.550 0.550 0.953
60 0.30 0.150 0.260 -0.150 0.260
90 0.16 0.000 0.160 -0.160 0.000
120 1.50 -0.750 1.299 -0.750 -1.299
150 1.30 -1.126 0.650 0.650 -1.126
180 2.16 -2.160 0.000 2.160 0.000
210 1.25 -1.083 -0.625 0.625 1.083
240 1.30 -0.650 -1.126 -0.650 1.126
270 1.52 0.000 -1.520 -1.520 0.000
300 1.76 0.880 -1.524 -0.880 -1.524
330 2.00 1.732 -1.000 1.000 -1.732
Total 16.15 -0.254 -2.876 2.675 -2.259

1 1 1
a 0=
L ∑ y an= ∑ y cos nx bn= ∑ y sin nx
L L
In Fourier Series, period = 2L, therefore 2L=12,L=6
1
a 0= ( 16.15 ) =2.692
6
1 1
a 1= (−0.254 )=−0.04 2 a 2= ( 2.675 )=0.446
6 6
1 1
b 1= (−2.876 ) =−0.479 b 2= (−2.259 ) =−0.377
6 6
a0 ∞
Substituting these values into the Fourier Series: f(x) = +∑ ( an cos nx +bn sin nx ¿) ¿
2 n=1
2.692
y= + (−0.042 cos x+ 0.446 cos 2 x +… )+ ¿
2
¿ 1.346−0.042cos x−0.479 sinx+ 0.446 cos 2 x+0.377 sin 2 x

Rewritten in standard form: y=c 0+ c 1 sin ( x +α 1) + ¿ c2 sin ( 2 x+ α 2 ) +¿ … ¿ ¿

a0 an
c n= √ an + bn
2 2 −1
c 0= α n=tan
2 bn

c 1=√ (−0.042 ) + (−0.479 ) =0.481


2 2

49.79°
c 2= √ ( 0.446 ) + (−0.377 ) =0.584
2 2

5.01
−0.042 −1
°
Basic angle for α 1=tan =5.01 °
−0.479
So, α 1=180 °+ 5.01°=185.01 °
−1 0.446
Basic angle for α 2=tan =49.79 °
0.377
α 2=180 °−49.79° =130.21 °

So, y=1.346 +0.481 sin ( x +185.01° )+ 0.584 sin(2 x+130.21 °)

a 0=? an=? bn=?

a0 ∞ nπx nπx
f(x) = +∑ ( an cos +b n sin ¿ )¿
2 n=1 L L

Since L= π , therefore
a0 ∞ nπx nπx
f(x) = +∑ ( an cos +b n sin ¿ )¿
2 n=1 π π

a0 ∞
f (x)= + ∑ (a cos nx +b n sin nx ¿ )¿
2 n=1 n
L
1
a 0= ∫ f ( x ) dx
L −L
L L
1 nπx 1
a n= ∫ f ( x ) cos dx= ∫ f ( x ) cos nx dx
L −L L L −L

−1
b n=
n

Given: f ( x )=
x 0≤x ≤π {
π−π ≤ x ≤ 0 , period 2 π

In Fourier Series, period = 2L, therefore 2L=2 π ,L= π


L
1
a 0= ∫ f ( x ) dx
L −L

[ ]
π 0 π
1
¿ ∫ f ( x ) dx=¿ 1π
π −π
∫ π dx +∫ x dx ¿
−π 0

[ ( ) ]= π1 ¿
2 π
1 0 x
¿ ( πx )−π +
π 2 0

L
1
a n= ∫ f ( x ) cos nx dx
L −L

[∫ ]
π 0 π
1 1
¿ ∫ f ( x ) cos nx dx= π cos nx dx+∫ x cos nx dx
π −π π −π 0

( )
0
π
Direct : ∫ π cos nx dx= sin nx =0−0=0
−π n −π

Tabular method: ∫ x cos nx dx


0

u dv
x cos nx
1 1
sin nx
n
0 −1
cos nx
n2

[ ]
π π

(
∫ x cos nx dx= nx sin nx+ n12 cos nx = ( 0−0 )+ n12 cos nπ− n12 cos 0 = n12 (cos nπ−1)
0 0
)
a n=
π (
1 cos nπ −1
n
2 )
a 0=

2
an =
π (
1 cos nπ−1
n
2 )
b n=
−1
n

a0 ∞
f ( x)= + ∑ (a n cos nx +b n sin nx ¿ ) ¿
2 n=1


2 cos nπ−1 1
¿ +∑ ( cos nx− sin nx ¿ )¿
2 n=1 πn
2
n

3π cos nπ −1 1
f ( x)= +∑ ( cos nx− sin nx ¿ )¿
4 n=1 πn 2
n

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