Raffles Institution Raffles Programme

Year Two Science

Name: ___________________________ ( ) Class: _______ Date: ____________

UNIT 3: Interactions – Effects of Heat and its Transmission

Exercise 3.1: Applications of Heat Transfer

General Guidelines
a. Examine context of the question.
• Which object/area is hotter?
• What is the objective/purpose?

b. State clearly the direction of heat transfer, acknowledging which object/region is

hotter/colder.
• from where/what
• to where/what

c. Include words indicative of the heat transfer mechanism(s) in your answer. e.g.
conducts/emits/absorbs.
• There can be more than 1 form of heat transfer at any point in time

d. Analyse the heat transfer layer-by-layer / object-to-object.

1 Define conduction.

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2 (a) Explain why a stone surface feels cold to the bare feet.

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(b) State and explain the difference(s) if the stone surface is changed to a metal plate of the
same temperature.

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3 The diagram below shows several fires lit underneath a few (not all) of the multiple gaps miners
call ventilation shafts. Explain how that helps to improve ventilation in the underground mines.

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4 Explain how putting a lid over a pot of hot soup helps to keep it warm for a longer time.

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5 Define (thermal) radiation.

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6 Explain how tucking in one’s legs close to the body help keep one warm on a cold night.

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7 A teapot is filled with some liquid.

Compare the rate of temperature change of the liquid for the following cases, and explain your
answer.

(a) black teapot versus white teapot containing hot water on a cold day

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(b) black teapot versus white teapot containing cold water on a hot day

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8 Explain how the readings on thermometers A and B in the set-up below compare with each
other after some time.

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9 A student wishes to understand the efficiency of electric water heaters.

(a) Fig. 9.1 shows the water tank of an electric water heater with a heating element.
Draw arrows in the tank in Fig. 9.1 to show the movement of water when the heating
element is switched on.

plastic
water case
heating
element

[1]
Fig. 9.1

(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a water heater tank that is less efficient, and Fig. 9.3 shows another heater
that is more efficient. Each tank contains the same amount of water, and is heated by the
same type of heating element.

white
grey
metal
metal
case
case
water rubber water
heating
element heating
element

Fig. 9.2 Fig. 9.3

Energy is lost by conduction, convection and radiation from each water heater.
Explain why energy loss via conduction and radiation is slower for the more efficient
water heater.

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(c) The diagram below represents the transfer of heat for the Fig. 9.3 setup. Use the
following words to fill in the four blanks. Some of these words may be used once, more
than once or not at all.

emitter absorber conductor insulator

radiation conduction convection
poor good cooler warmer

poor of thermal radiation

poor

air white rubber water

metal

warmer

heating
element
[1]

(d) State an advantage of using an efficient water heater which reduces heat loss.

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10 Fig. 10.1 shows a pan containing some water being heated with an open flame.

Fig. 10.1

Explain how the flame enables the water in the pan to be evenly heated.

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Total: 5 marks

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