CHAPTER 1

Introduction

The motivation to develop Real Estate Web Application comes from

my urge to learn Visual Studio .NET 2005 for building the business logic
of the application, SQL server 2005 for database designing and using new
web technologies .net. The most influential factor for selecting this
application is to add some innovative features to the search engine of a
Real Estate Website which can make the task of a property buyer easy to
search for property listings.

This application provides a wide scope to include number of web

controls to develop the search engine and allow them to implement using
functionality. Performance of the search engine is the main factor which
allows the buyers to search for listings with different combination features.
Growing buyer needs should be taken in to concern with the new features
to be included. Another challenge in this application is the effective storage
/ retrieval of property images from the SQL database.

Thus, the development of powerful search engine, displaying

detailed summary of listings on the customized grid and drag - drop tool to
select the properties are the main motivations for the project.
 Project Overview

Project Introduction

There are large numbers of commercial real estate online

information service providers offering a suite of commercial properties and
services tailored to the national and local needs of the commercial
investments industry. These online marketplaces have thousands of
commercial real estate properties for sale and lease under various
categories including commercial office space, industrial, single - family,
multi - family, land, etc both for sale and lease as well. Their purpose it to
attract community of industry professionals including investors, property
managers, landlords, appraisers, local and national buyers to select the
properties with desired features.

In this increasingly demanding scenario for a platform which could

help buyers to have a look at the available property listings with all its
photographs, necessary specification and description, this application is an
effort to provide such a web interface with some attractive and innovative
features using the latest technologies.

The most significant feature in these websites is the interactive

search criterion which lets the buyer specify their requirements to get the
correct set of records from the database. The search tool should be strong
enough to include all the required features which a buyer may desire. Thus,
each call refreshes just the data grid to display the listings rather the whole
web page. Some other new features like drag and drop tool to save the
listings, retrieving related results for each search, etc make this application
more feature rich.
 Problems with existing systems

The purpose of creating this Real Estate Web Application is to

outcast the discrepancies in hundreds of such existing systems on the
World Wide Web. One of the basic problems with the existing systems is
the non-interactive environment they provide to the users. Most of the
applications involved in Real Estate business use some web template to put
the content specific to their company and make it communicate with the
database to search the listings. These templates simply use basic web
controls to do this task making the web page non-interactive. On the other
hand, the motive of this Real Estate Web Application is to allow the user to
play with the search tool and create different combinatorial search criterion
to perform exhaustive search.

Another problem in such applications designed so far is the use of

traditional user interfaces which make continuous post backs to the server;
each post back makes a call to the server, gets the response and then
refreshes the entire web form to display the result. This scenario adds an
extra trade off causing a delay in displaying the results. Making such
applications AJAX enabled gets rid of these unnecessary delays letting the
user to perform exhaustive search. The users of this application can easily
feel the difference between the Ajaxempowered user interfaces vs.
traditional user interfaces.
Scrutinizing the features of the existing systems reveals another
problem, when the user tries to save some property listings; the user is
forced to login as a buyer/user of this website. Once the user logs-in, he
can then view this saved list. In contrast, this application uses the session
state to maintain the list of saved property listings rather than making the
user register first. As soon as the user performs a search, a new session is
created and then lets the user select a listing, drag and drop it to the “Saved
Search” tool. This tool then keeps track of this list until the session expires.

Objective

The foremost objective of this project was to give a different

visualization styles to the Real Estate Website which has more features,
attractive animations and all together a new look in contrast to the already
existing websites. Usually in a real estate website, the property search page
consist of traditional search style i.e. a set of textboxes / drop-downs to
select a particular county or MLS# for the property to search along with
other web controls to specify the number of beds / baths or any additional
features they are looking in the property. In contrast, this website provides
altogether a new visualization of the search page.

Moreover to make the website more features rich, features like

customized grid, drag and drop tool, accordion panels and sliding bars
were added to the website.

The third objective was to include a new feature of saving the

selected property listing during a session in a drag – drop tool which
similar websites don’t have. Usually a real estate website forces a user to
login as a buyer to save the selected listings so that when the user logs in
the next time, those saved listings are accessible. But this site simply
provides a toolbox to drag a selected number of listings and save them
during the entire session.
 Architecture

The Real Estate Web Application is built using a layered architecture where the
total functionality can be divided into layers having different functionalities. The main
layers include the database access layer, business logic layer and the presentation layer.
Thus, this application follows the 3-Tier Architecture. The System Architecture is
explained in detail in the further sections of this document.

Requirement Specification

Scope

The scope of MS project “Real Estate Web Application” is to enable

the buyers to search for property listings online. The motive of developing
this application is to design a feature rich search engine which can make
the search of commercial land/properties an easy task.

Goal

Goal is to gain a good knowledge of the complete life cycle of the

project development starting from the Requirement Gathering Phase to the
Testing Phase. The implementation of this application also gives a hands-
on experience in ASP.NET, C# .NET programming and also design
efficient databases in SQL Server.
 Assumptions

• User will have Internet Connection while using Real Estate Web
Application.
• User will have Internet Explorer 5.0 or high IE version while using
Real Estate Web Application.

• User will upload valid images for the Real Estate Web Application.

Environment

• The Real Estate Web Application will be written in C# .NET

language.
• The development environment will be Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.
• The Real Estate Web Application will be tested on Windows XP
platform.
 CHAPTER 2

Developer Platform

The Real Estate Web Application is developed on the .NET Platform

using the .NET framework together with Microsoft SQL Server 2005. It is
developed in the Visual Studio .NET 2005 integrated development
environment. The goal of this chapter is to give an overview of the .NET
Framework to show how this platform is architecture.

Microsoft .NET Framework

Microsoft .NET Framework is a software technology that is

available with several Microsoft Windows Operating Systems. This
computing platform simplifies application development in the highly
distributed environment of the Internet. This framework not only provides
an environment for building windows applications but also building,
deploying and running web-applications and web-services. It includes a
huge library of pre-coded solutions to common programming problems, a
runtime or virtual machine that manages the execution of programs written
specifically for the framework, and a set of tools for configuring and
building applications. The .NET architecture is shown in Figure 2.1.
 Figure 2.1 Microsoft .NET Architecture [7]

The core aspects of the .NET Framework lie within the Common Language
Infrastructure, or CLI. CLI enables applications written in multiple .NET
languages to operate in various environments without requiring program
modifications. Its powerful features include application development and
execution including exception handling, garbage collection, security and
interoperability. Microsoft's implementation of the CLI is called the
Common Language Runtime or CLR.CLR comprises of four major
components: Common Type System (CTS), metadata system, base class
library (FCL), file format (PE), intermediate language (CIL), and access to
the underlying Windows operating system via the Win32 API. An
overview of the CLR is shown in
 .NET Common Type System [CTS] provides basic value types, type
composition, type safety, objects, interfaces, and delegates. The Common Language
Specification [CLS] is the subset of the Common Type System that all first class .Net
languages need to share. The Common Language Runtime [CLR] is the managed code
environment that everything else is built on. .Net is a garbage-collected environment
but never interpreted - while .Net uses byte codes like Java, the Common Intermediate
Language [CIL] code is always compiled, usually Just In Time [JIT] to be executed.

.NET metadata, in CLR, refers to certain data structures embedded

within the Common Intermediate Language [CIL] code that describes the
high-level structure of the code. It describes all classes and class members
that are defined in the assembly, and the classes and class members that the
current assembly will call from another assembly. The metadata for a
method contains the complete description of the method, including the
class, the return type and all of the method parameters.

.NET Virtual Execution System [VES] provides an environment for

executing managed code. Its purpose is to provide the support required to
execute the CIL instruction set. It also provides direct support for a set of
built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated
machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception
handling model.

In .NET the intermediate language is complied Just In Time [JIT]

into native code when the application or component is run instead of
compiling the application at development time. It is a technique for
improving the runtime performance of a computer program. In JIT
environment, the source code is first translated to an intermediate
representation, when this code is executed the runtime environment
translates it into the native machine code i.e. the code is compiled when it
is just to be executed thereby improving the runtime performance.
 CHAPTER 4

System Architecture

This chapter provides an Architectural Design for the Real Estate

Web Application which represents a three tier architecture comprising of
the Presentation Tier: list of web pages planned to be implemented in the
application, the Middle Tier: class diagrams and description of each class
and the Data Tier: comprising of the ER diagram and database schema.

System Architecture
The architecture of the system is based on the three-tier architecture.
There are three logical layers: the Presentation Tier, the Business Tier, and
the Data Tier. Each layer in the system is a reusable portion of code that
performs a specific function. These layers are not only responsible for
performing these functions but also interact with other layers to perform
specific goals [4]. Like, in this application when the presentation layer
needs to extract information from the backend database, it would utilize a
series of layers to retrieve the data, rather than having the database calls
embedded directly within it. The ASP.NET web site/web form is called
the presentation layer because the content within it is viewable to the users
of the site.

The middle tier called the Business Tier communicates between the
presentation tier and the data tier. As mentioned above, the Presentation
Layer could communicate with the data access layer directly, it usually
goes through the business layer. This layer then validates the input
conditions before calling a method from the data layer. This ensures the
data input is correct before proceeding, and can often ensure that the
outputs are correct as well. Most of the business logic of the application
lies within the business layer, which makes this logic reusable across
applications. This layer helps move logic to a central layer for “maximum
reusability.”

The Data Tier is the key component for this application as it is

responsible for storing the data corresponding to each property listing. This
layer is a separate component whose sole purpose is to serve up the data
from the database and return it to the caller. Through this approach, data
can be logically reused, meaning that a portion of an application reusing
the same query can make a call to one data layer method, instead of
embedding the query multiple times. This is generally more maintainable.
Now this data is returned using the ADO.NET technology which is built
into the .NET framework, ADO.NET contains a mechanism to query data
out of the database and return it to the caller in a connected or disconnected
fashion [5]. This scenario can be explained as, when the buyer makes a
request to search for a particular property listing in a particular area
(specified by the zip code/city/state/MLS#); the business layer passes this
information to the database in the form of a query. The database retrieves
the data corresponding to the query and submits the results back to the
presentation tier for display.

In the above figure, the Presentation Tier comprises of ASP.NET

AJAX Controls which interact with the Logic Tier. The Presentation Layer
can be elaborated to show what happens when the user requests something
and calls to the server are made behind the scenes. This ASP.NET
Framework uses the client-centric programming model. In this model, the
large quantities of business logic from the server side are moved to the
client side by introducing characteristics at the client-side controls. This
asynchronous communication is shown in the Figure 4.2:

Figure 4.2 ASP.NET AJAX Frameworks

4.2 Architecture of Real Estate Web Application

The Real Estate Web Application is based on the three tier architecture namely the
presentation tier, the middle tier, and the data tier.
 CHAPTER 3

Technologies

This chapter includes the details of the latest technologies and tools
used to build this application, their benefits and implementation details.
The chapter also describes the interaction of these tools with the .NET
Framework.

3.1 Tools and Technologies

The latest tools and technologies involved in building this website are:
ASP.NET 2.0, Microsoft Visual Studio 2005, ADO.NET, SQL Server 2005.

3.1.1 ASP.NET 2.0

ASP.NET 2.0 is the next generation of Microsoft’s Active Server
Page [ASP] technology which provides a web application framework that
allows programmers to dynamically build web pages, web applications and
create web services. ASP.NET supports code written in compiled
languages such as Visual Basic, C++, C# and Perl, and it features server
from the content. The basis for ASP.NET 2.0 is built on the Common
Language Runtime [CLR] described above., as well as server-side Web
Controls and User Controls where the developers place all the required
static and dynamic content for the web page. ASP.NET 2.0 is an extension
of ASP.NET 1.1 making it much easier for developers to develop dynamic
Web Applications [1]. The major aspects of this technology include
ASP.NET Compiler which includes strong typing, performance
optimization and early binding. The task of this compiler is to compile all
application components including pages and controls into an assembly
which can then be used to service user requests. The Page and Controls
Framework runs on the web server which then dynamically produces and
render ASP.NET web pages which are completely object-oriented. Other
services of ASP.NET include Security infrastructure, State-management
facilities, Application configuration, Debugging support and XML Web
Services framework.

Some of the new features of ASP.NET 2.0 are the introduction of

Master Pages and Themes which allow the developer to define a common
structure and interface elements, to be shared by many pages in the
website.

Microsoft Visual Studio 2005

Microsoft Visual Studio provides an Integrated Development

Environment (IDE) for programming that enables developers to quickly
create data-driven and distributed applications using C# techniques and
reusable controls. It can be used to develop both console and Graphical
User Interface applications. The GUI applications include Windows Form
applications, web applications and web services. Visual Studio comprises
of a Code Editor, Debugger, Designer and other tools making the
environment very interactive and easy to use. VS 2005 was upgraded to
support all new features introduced in .NET Framework 2.0 as described
above. The new features like intelligence and code refactoring supported
by code editor, support for SQL Server 2005 databases, an improved
environment for web publishing and load testing to see application
performance under various sorts of user loads [2].
 Microsoft SQL Server 2005

Microsoft SQL 2005 is a relational database management system

from Microsoft. Its primary components are SQLOS implementing basic
services required fir its server, including thread scheduling, I/O and
Memory management, Relational Engine implementing relational database
components having support for databases, tables, query and stored
procedures and finally Protocol layer which exposes all these
functionalities [3]. Being Transact-SQL as its primary query language a
high performance data access is provided. This SQL Server version is
Microsoft’s next generation data management and analysis software
delivering increased scalability, availability and security for enterprise
data. The next major enhancement in SQL Server 2005 which the SQL
Server 2000 lacks is the integration of a .NET compliant language such as
C#, ASP.NET or VB.NET to build objects (stored procedures, triggers,
functions, etc.), which enables the application to execute .NET code in the
DBMS to take advantage of the .NET functionality. SQL Server 2005 has
native capabilities to support encryption of data stored in user-defined
databases which SQL Server 2000 lacks. Real Estate Web Application
utilizes these features of Microsoft SQL Server 2005 to store the entire
details of the property listings along with its images.
Figure 3.1 Overview of ADO.NET Model
 CHAPTER 5

Testing

This chapter discusses the various tests performed on the web-

application with a set of test scenarios. Both unit and load testing is
performed on this application. Testing is done on a local machine with the
following system configuration.

Processor Intel Pentium®

Processor Speed 2.20GHz
Physical Memory 3.00 GB of RAM
Operating System Windows XP Professional

Table 5.1: System Configuration

5.1 Unit Testing

Unit test is performed to test and validate the individual units of

source code. It is the code wrapper around the application code that permits
test tools to execute them for fail-pass conditions. Unit testing is important
as it gives the code authors and reviewers’ confidence that patches produce
the correct results. The test cases are a good impetus for developers to
discover edge cases.

The Real Estate Web Application uses NUnit Framework to perform

Unit Testing. NUnit Framework is port of JUnit framework from java and
Extreme Programming (XP) and is an open source product. This
framework is developed to make use of .NET framework functionalities
and uses an Attribute based programming model. The nunit.exe program is
a graphical runner that shows the test cases in an explorer-like browser
window and provides visual indication of success or failure of the tests.

Following are the test cases executed against the web-application using
NUnit:

Bed_BathTest: This test case validates the functional unit in the

application that is responsible for querying the database to retrieve the
number of beds and baths from the database corresponding to the number
entered by the user in the search criterion. This functional test checks for
the valid beds and baths combination that can let the user retrieve the
results from the database.

MLS_IDTest: This test case tests the functional unit that is

responsible for fetching the details of the property listing such as city, state,
zipcode, beds, baths, etc and displays it to the user in the data grid. This
function ensures whether the search entered in the search criterion.

MLS Zip Code Test: This test case validates the functional unit in the
application that is responsible for querying the database to retrieve the property listing
details from the database based on the combinatorial search for the MLS_ID and Zip
Code. This functional test checks for the valid MLS_ID and Zip Code combination that
can let the user retrieve the results from the database. The result of this combinatorial
search results in one row corresponding to the unique MLS_ID entry in the database.

Price Footage Test: This test case validates the functional unit in the
application that is responsible for querying the database to retrieve the
property listing details where the price is greater than the price entered by
the user and the footage is greater than the square feet miles entered by the
user. This query may result in many rows satisfying the search criterion.

Price Test: This test case tests the functional unit that is responsible
for fetching the details of the property listing such as city, state, zipcode,
beds, baths, etc. and displays it to the user in the data grid where price is
greater than the price entered by the user. This function ensures whether
the search entered in the search criterion is correct.

Property Details Test, Property Information Test, Search Results Test, Verify
Search Test and Zip Code Test are other functional unit tests that validate the
correctness of the results corresponding to different combinatorial search criteria.
 Scope Of The Project

It may help collecting perfect management in details. In a

very short time, the collection will be obvious, simple and
sensible. It will help a person to know the management of
passed year perfectly and vividly. It also helps in current all
works relative to Inventory. It will be also reduced the cost of
collecting the management & collection procedure will go on
smoothly.

The present project has been developed to meet the

aspirations indicated in the modern age. An attempt has been
made through this project to do all work ease & fast. It
provide current add, Update, Move Next, Move Previous ,
Move Last, Find & Delete all facilities to accomplish the
desired objectives. The facility Include in this project and the
suggested activities have been organized to impart knowledge
& develop skill & attitude in the Service official works.

(i) System Design (Introduction):

 The systems objectives outlined during the
feasibility study serve as the basic from which the work of
system design is initiated. Much of the activities involved at
this stage is of technical nature requiring a certain degree of
experience in designing systems, sound knowledge of
computer related technology and through understanding of
computers available in the market and the various facilities
provided by the vendors. Nevertheless, a system cannot be
designed in isolation without the active involvement of the
user. The user has a vital role to play at this stage too. As we
know that data collected during feasibility study wills we
utilized systematically during the system design. It should,
however be kept in mind that detailed study of the existing
system is not necessarily over with the completion of the
feasibility study. Depending on the plan of feasibility study,
the level of detailed study will vary and the system design
stage will also vary in the amount of investigation that still
needs to be done. This investigation is generally an urgent
activity during the system. Sometimes, but rarely, this
investigation may form a separate stage between feasibility
study and computer system design. Designing a new system
is a creative process, which calls for logical as well as lateral
thinking. The logical approach involves systematic moves
towards the end product keeping in mind the capabilities of
the personnel and the equipment at each decision making
step. Lateral thought implies encompassing of ideas

Beyond the usual functions and equipment. This is to ensure

that no efforts are being made to fit previous solutions into
new situations.

ii) Considerations: System Design

The system design process is not a step-by-step adherence of

clear procedures and guidelines. Though, certain clear
procedures and guidelines have emerged in recent days , But
still much of design work depends on knowledge and
experience of the designer. When designer starts working on
system design, he will face different type of problems. Many
of these will be due to constraints imposed by the user or
limitations of the hardware and software available in the
market. Sometimes, it is difficult to enumerate the complexity
of the problems and solutions thereof since the variety of
likely problems is so great and no solutions are exactly
similar.

iii)Design Objectives:

The primary objective of the design of course, is to deliver

the requirements as specified in the feasibility reports. In
general the following design objectives should be kept in
mind.

Practicality

The system must be stable and can be operated by people

with average.

Efficiency

This involves accuracy, timeliness and comprehensiveness to

the system output.

Cost
It is desirable to aim for a system with a minimum cost
subject to the condition that it must satisfy all the
requirements.

Flexibility

The system should be modifiable depending on the changing

needs of the user. Such modifications should not entail
extensive reconstructing or recreation of software. It should
also be portable to different computer systems.

Security

This is very important aspect of the design and should cover

areas of hardware reliability, fall back procedures, physical
security of data and provision for detection of fraud and
abuse.
System design involves first logical design and then physical
construction of the system. The logical design describes the
structure and characteristics of features, like the outputs,
inputs, files, database and procedures. The physical
construction, which follows the logical design, produces
actual program software, files and a working system.
 System Configuration

i) HARDWARE CONFIGURATION:

CPU TYPE : Dual Core

CPU CLOCK MEMORY : 2.66 GHz Extend

RAM DDR II : 2 GB

Disk drive : DVD Writer

Keyboard : Any

Display type : LCD monitor

Printer type : laser print

Speed : 1.1 GHz

Hard Disk : 500 GB

Mouse : optical

ii) SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION:

Operating System : Windows 7

Front End : .net

Back End : Ms Access

 Software Selection

OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating system software is a class of program which

manages the resources of the computer processing command
and control program execution as the translation of all
computer operations. It is most complex program executed
on the complex yet must also be the most reliable. An
operating system irrespective of whether it is being used on a
microcomputer, minicomputer or mainframe computer. An
operating system plays three basic roles as a manager, as a
command processor and as a controller. An operating system
can be a single user, a multiuser, a multitasking in this project
we have used Window 7 and MS Dos as operating system.

M.S.WORD
Microsoft word was first released in 1983 under the
name multi-tool word for system versions were later written
for several other platforms. It became part of the suite, in
which it is referred to as Microsoft office word, although it is
still also sold as a standalone product or bundled with a full
featured word processing program for windows and the
Macintosh from Microsoft, it is sophisticated program with
rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities that has become
the most widely used word processing applications on the
market the first various of word come out under dos and
provided both graphics-based and text-based interfaces for
working with a document.

WINDOW 7

The difference being that the server Versions are designed to

be dedicated servers. The clients versions of windows may
also share data over the network and can be configured to
grant access to all are specific files only. Windows PC’s are
used to access a verify of servers on the networks, including
windows servers, UNIX, Linux and network servers and
mainframes. The most widely used operating system for
desktop and Laptop computer developed by the Microsoft
window primarily runs on the x 86-based CPU windows
provide a graphical user interface and desktop environment in
application displayed in resizable movable windows on
screen. Window comes in both client and server various, all
of which support networking Windows 95 was the first 32-bit
windows operating system and a major upgrade from
windows 3.1 it used an entirely different user interface that
incorporated the now common start menu and taskbar. It was
also the first time the computer booted directly into windows,
rather than being loaded after booting up in dos. Windows 98
was an upgrade to Windows 95 that tightly integrated the
internet explorer, web browser with the O/S. In 1999
windows 98 second edition fixed numerous bugs and
upgraded its applications.

MS-DOS

Ms-dos (for micro soft disk operating system) is a

commercialized by Microsoft. It was the most widely used
member of the family of operating system and was the
dominant .The operating system for during the 1980’s it has
gradually been replaced on customer desktop computers with
various generation of the operating system.dos commonly
refers to the family of closely related a single user operating
system from Microsoft for the PC. It was the first O/S for
windows 3.1, 95, 98 , Window NT 2000, XP and 7 emulate
dos in order to support existing dos application.

VB.Net2010

Visual Basic.NET is the next generation of Microsoft's

popular Visual Basic programming languages. Some
programmers refer to the new incarnation as VB.net, but this
is incorrect. VB.net is actually not backwards-compatible
with VB6, meaning that code written in the old version will
not compile under VB.net. In fact, the languages are
sufficiently different that many programmers consider them
independent. As a language, VB.net has the following traits :

Object-Oriented:-
VB.NET included limited support for object-oriented
design. Encapsulation was supported with Public and
Private Data types in Classes, as well as special accessory
/matador Pairs called Properties (a feature unique to Visual
Basic). Polymorphism received crude Support through the
Implements keyword, which would require that one class
implement all of the methods in another, skeleton class.
Inheritance was neglected completely. As of VB.NET, all of
this has changed. As with all 2013 languages, concepts ,
VB.NET includes full-Blown support for object-oriented

Including simple inheritance. Unlike most other OOP

languages, everything in VB.net is an object, including all
of the primitives (Short, Integer, Long, String, Boolean, etc.)
as well as types, events, and even assemblies. Everything
inherits from the Object base class.

Event-Driven:-

All previous versions of Visual Basic.net were event-driven,

but this feature is heavily enhanced under the vb.net
framework. Events are no longer recognized because they use
certain naming convention (Object Name Event Name), but
now are declared with a Handles Object Name. Event Name
clause. Event handlers can also be declared at runtime using
the Add Handler command.
 System Analysis

The system analysis part is done by the following six steps

I. Preliminary Investigation
II. Feasibility Study
III. Fact Finding Techniques
IV. Cost Benefit Analysis
V. Entity Relationship Model
 VI. Data Flow Diagram
VII. Normalization

i) Preliminary Investigation

   Here in the project real state Management System, a

detailed study of existing system is carried along with all the
steps in system analysis. An idea for creating a better project
was carried and the next steps were followed. A detailed
study of the process must be made by various techniques like
interviews, questionnaires etc. The data collected by these
sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a conclusion. The
conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions.
This system is called the existing system. Now the existing
system is subjected to close study and problem areas are
identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver
and tries to sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces.
The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal is then
weighed with the existing system analytically and the best
one is selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an
endorsement by the user. The proposal is reviewed on user
request and suitable changes are made. This is loop that ends
as soon as the user is satisfied with proposal.  Preliminary
study is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, using
the information for further studies on the system. Preliminary
study is problem solving activity that requires intensive
communication between the system users and system
developers. It does various feasibility studies. In these studies
a rough figure of the system activities can be obtained, from
which the decision about the strategies to be followed for
effective system study and analysis .

ii) Feasibility Study

An important outcome of the preliminary

investigation is the determination the at the system requested
is feasible. Feasibility study is carried out to select the best
system that meets the performance requirements.

Feasibility study is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the

feasibility of the project at the earliest possible time. It
involves preliminary investigation of the project and
examines whether the designed system will be useful to the
organization. Months or years of effort, thousand for millions
of money and untold professional embarrassment can be
averted if an in-conceived system is recognized early in the
definition phase.

The different types of feasibility are: Technical feasibility,

Operational feasibility, Economical feasibility.

Technical Feasibility

Technical Feasibility deals with the hardware as well as

software requirements. Technology is not a constraint to type
system development. We have to find out whether the
necessary technology, the proposed equipment’s have the
capacity to hold the data, which is used in the project, should
be checked to carry out this technical feasibility.

The technical feasibility issues usually raised during

the feasibility stage of investigation includes these

 This software is running in windows 2000 Operating

System, which can be easily installed.

 The hardware required is Pentium based server.

 The system can be expanded.

Behavioral Feasibility

This feasibility test asks if the system will work when it is

developed and installed Operational feasibility in this project:

 The proposed system offers greater level of user-

The proposed system produces best results and gives

high performance. It can be implemented easily .So this

 project is operationally feasible.

Economical feasibility

Economic Feasibility deals about the economic impact faced

by the organization to implement a new system. Financial
benefits must equal or exceed the costs. The cost of
conducting a full system, including software and hardware
cost for the class of application being considered should be
evaluated. Economic Feasibility in this project:

The cost to conduct a full system investigation is possible.

iii) Fact Finding Techniques

The various document of the office was studied and after a

short interview the fact finding was finished and certain

questions were arising that:

1. Whether there is any problem of retrieval.

2. Whether there is any extra Guide needed.

3. Whether you want the proposed system of Hardware detailing.

4. Whether the office member is benefited or not.

5. Whether they are ready to accept the changes or not.

And afterwards it was found that:

1. No problem of retrieval.

2. There is no extra Guide is needed.

3. Yes they want the proposed system of Hardware

Detailing.

4. Yes office member is benefited.

5. Yes they are ready to accept the changes.

iv) Cost Benefit Analysis

A system is also expected to provide benefits. The first task
is to identify and then assign a monetary value to it for cost /
benefit analysis.

The two major benefits are improving performance and

minimizing the cost of processing. The performance category
emphasize in the accuracy of the result or access to
information and easier access to the system by authorized
users.

Our software has fulfilled all the benefits very well. Our
software are improving and minimizing the cost of
processing. Our software has controlled error and caused
reduction of staff.

Tangible or Intangible cost and benefits:-

An outlay of case for a special file item or activity is

referred to as a tangible cost. The purchase of hardware or
software, personal training and employees salaries are
examples of tangible cost in our software we have
included training and employee salaries approx. 300 /- to
be paid for training and we have saved the salary of 3
 employees but training cost is one time cost and hence we
have saved 3 x 5000 = 15000 /- per month.

V) Data Flow Diagram

Data flow oriented techniques advocate that the
major data items handled by a system must be first identified
and then the processing required on these data items to
produce the desired outputs should be determined. The DFD
(also called as bubble chart) is a simple graphical formalism
that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data
to the system, various processing carried out on these data,
and the output generated by the system. It was introduced by
De Macro (1978) , Gane and Sarson (1979).The primitive
symbols used for constructing DFD’s are:

Symbols used in DFD :

A circle represents a process.

A rectangle represents external entity

 A square defines a source or destination of the system data.

An arrow identifies dataflow.

Double line with one end closed indicates data store

vi) Normalization

Normalization is a data analysis technique that

organizes the data such that they are grouped to form non-
redundant, stable, flexible and adaptive entities.
Normalization is a three stem technique that places the data
moved in 3N forms.

We can easily change the database without rewriting many or

the entire program that used those databases.
 We can make our data model as application independent as
possible to encourage the Database structure that can be
extended to modify without impact to current program.

I. Simply stated entity in 1NF if there are no attributes that can

have more than one value for single instance of the entity any
attribute that can have multiple values actually describe a
separate entity possibly an entity and relationship.

II. An entity is in 2NF if it is already in 1NF and if the value of

all non-primary key attributes that are dependent on only part
of primary key should be moved to any entity where that
partial key is actually the full key. That may require creating
a new entity and relationship of model.

III. An entity is in 3NF if it is already in 2NF and if the value of

it non primary key attributes that are not dependent on
another non primary key attributes. Any non-primary key
attributes that are dependent on other non-primary key
attributes must be moved or deleted. Again new entities and
relationship may have to be added to the data model. For our
convenience we have not taken the concept of Normalization
in consideration in our project.

Implementation

Implementation is the stage of the project when the

theoretical design is turned out into a working system. Thus it
can be considered to be the most critical stage in achieving a
successful new system and in giving the user, confidence that
the new system will work and be effective.

The implementation stage involves careful planning,

investigation of the existing system and it’s constraints on
implementation, designing of methods to achieve changeover
and evaluation of changeover methods.

Implementation Review:
After the system is implemented and conversion is complete,
user usually conducts a review of the system. User usually
conducts a review of the system.
 In this system all Requirements are fulfills.
 The user can easily insert, update and delete the
record in Efficient way.
 This system is user-friendly and easily understands.
 User can view the Purchase Report and Sales Report So,
user can speedily work in this system .
 The performance level of users has improved.
 Data record can be easily stored.
 CHAPTER 7

Conclusion and Future Work

This chapter describes the future scope and extensions for the project. There is
still a huge scope of implementing something new and more to the project which can
make it to the level of a commercial product. This section also concludes stating the
advantages and applications of this Real Estate Web Application.

Conclusion

This Real Estate Web Application is a typical .NET web application using
ASP.NET 2.0 and SQL 20005 in the C# programming language. It uses a client/server
architecture based on the HTTP protocol. It is developed in Microsoft’s Visual
Studio .NET programming environment. The buyer performs a search for the property
listings by putting either Zip code/City/State or MLS# in the search textbox. The
business logic tier communicates with the database tier requesting the results of the
query sent by it. The results obtained by the database are displayed on the data grid, by
refreshing the grid rather than refreshing the entire web page. Efficiency of the
application is improved by the use of web methods that help in separating Application
Tier from the Presentation Tier. The performance of this application is evaluated by
rigorously testing it against various test scenarios. Efficiency and correctness of the
application is evaluated with the help of various test cases. Some ways in which this
system could be enhanced with additional functionalities are discussed in the section.
 Future Extensions to the Project

This project is developed as a master’s project and still gives lot of

scope for its extension which could be made to the project if it is going to
be developed as commercial product. We can use pure object-oriented
domain model to deal the database access tier using Visual Studio 2005
and SQL Server 2005. In doing this, we can get a better architecture design
which web services description language (WSDL). This project just deals
with the Home page and Search page to search for property listings, more
functionality can be added for searching the agents and offices making it a
complete application. The feature of providing Google Maps within this
application adds up to the functionality of the website. of all these features
would make the application feature rich. The advantages of putting these
functionalities in the project are described in detail in the following
sections.