leaf-type shutter, schematic diagrams

light regulation
priority mode
SIA. See Stereo-image alternator
Side fiducial:
mark
photographic coordinate system
Side lap. See also Photographic side lap
definition
flight strip photograph
overlap
Signal noise
Significant figures
determination
number, equivalence
value
Signs/lights, project-specific basis
Silver halide crystals
exposure
grains
Silver halide layers
Simple lenses, usage
Simultaneous bundle adjustment
Simultaneous Multi-camera Analytical Calibration (SMAC)
Sinc function, form
Single laser pulse, multiple returns
Single-lens camera
image formation
light pencils
Single-lens frame cameras
Single-lens reflex camera, example
Single-receiver point positioning
68 percent error
SMAC. See Simultaneous Multi-camera Analytical Calibration
Snell’s law
SNWA. See Southern Nevada Water Authority
Sobel edge detection, usage
Softcopy instruments, innovation
Softcopy mapping systems, image classification processes (usage)
Softcopy photogrammetric workstation, polarizing filter stereo imaging
Softcopy plotters
absolute orientation
advantage
coplanarity
epipolar geometry
epipolar plane
hinge point
 image measurements
LCD, physical construction
manual usage
orientation procedures
system hardware
template
Softcopy stereoplotters
impact
Solid-state CCD imaging array
Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA)
Space intersection
collinearity, usage
stereopair (aerial photos)
Space oblique Mercator
Space resection
collinearity, usage
Spatial data collection
Spatial domain
Spatial frequency
digital image
variation
Spatial image, abstraction
Spatial position, expression
SPC. See State plane coordinate
Special-purpose topographic maps
Specific force, impact
Spectral resolution
Spectral transformations
Spectrum:
electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength classification
near-visible spectrum, white light (dissection)
visible spectrum, white light (dissection)
Spider, usage
SPOT. See Système Pour d’Observation de la Terre
Spot elevations, weighted average
Square camera focal-plane format
Square grid, tilted photo image
ST-4 mirror stereoscope
binocular attachment/parallax bar
Standard deviation, definition
Standard parallels
State plane coordinate (SPC) systems
Static terrestrial photography
Statistics, involvement
Statue of Liberty, digital image
quantization levels, variation
spatial resolutions, variation
Stereo display configuration
Stereo workstation, computer service
Stereocomparators, usage
Stereo-image alternator (SIA)
synchronized shutters, usage
Stereometer
Stereometric cameras
Stereomodels
analytical stereomodel
arbitrary coordinate systems
continuous strip
level, problem
manual interior orientation
orientation, control (recommendation)
pass points, locations
perception
planimetric features, digitization
relative orientation
scaling, horizontal control points (requirement)
Stereopairs
analytical relative orientation
performing
automatically matched DEM, positions
epipolar geometry
images, usage
obtaining
orientation
photo base
space intersection
taking
Stereoplotters (plotters)
characteristics
evolution
mechanical/optical limitations
projectors, comparison
usage
Stereoscopes
ST-4 mirror stereoscope
usage
Zoom 95 stereoscope
Stereoscopic coverage failure
flying height variations, impact
terrain variations, impact
tilt, impact
Stereoscopic depth perception
parallactic angle
Stereoscopic impression, creation
Stereoscopic methods
Stereoscopic model
Stereoscopic neat model, area coverage
Stereoscopic overlap area
Stereoscopic parallax
error evaluation
measurement, flight-line axes (usage)
problems
vertical aerial photographs
Stereoscopic photography, effectiveness
Stereoscopic plotters, classification
Stereoscopic plotting instruments
design concept
stereomodels (orientation), control (recommendation)
Stereoscopic viewing
example
facilitation
geometry
photographs, orientation
Stereoviewing
base-height ratio (be/h)
estimation
display monitor, usage
principle (alternating LCS shutter display)
principle (polarizing filter screen display)
Stop bath, black-and-white photographic processing/printing step
Straight-line portion
Streets/highways, project-specific basis
Strip:
adjustment
cameras
chain method, usage
control extension, XYZ coordinates (error accumulation)
cross-strip ordering
down-strip ordering
error propagation
full strip, rotations
lateral advance
photo block, configuration
photo number
seven-model strip, control extension (plan view)
Strip model:
adjustment
sequential construction, independent models (usage)
Structures, project-specific basis
Subarrays
average digital number, computation
 digital numbers
pixels
positions
size, results
Sub-classes
Sub-images, usage
Support, photographic film component
Surface splines
Surveying and Land Information Science
Swaths
Swing:
angular orientation
definition
rotation
angles
example
Symmetric radial distortion (decentering)
computation
pattern
Symmetric radial lens distortion
coefficients
Systematic errors
elimination
measurement
Système Pour d’Observation de la Terre (SPOT)
satellite, usage
sensor systems

T
Tangential lens distortion
Targets. See also Artificial targets
sizes, design
Taylor, Brook
Taylor’s series
application
first-order terms
usage
Taylor’s theorem, usage
Telecommunication tower sites, example
Template (softcopy plotters)
Terrain:
areas
elevation
representation, contour map (usage)
three-dimensional pictorial view, DEM/orthophoto (usage)
variations, impact
Terrestrial cameras
 types
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS)
data, georeferencing
VZ400 terrestrial laser scanner (RIEGL)
Terrestrial photogrammetry
advantage
applications
control
prominence, continuation
usefulness
Terrestrial photographs
Terrestrial photography
control
types
Test object, (low spatial frequency), density trace (presence)
Thick lens, nodal points
3dconf program, usage
Three-dimensional conformal coordinate transformation
achievement
approximations, requirement
initial approximations
swing calculation
tilt/azimuth, calculation
tilt/azimuth/swing, combination
vector computation
points, rotation
rotation
scaling
sequential independent model triangulation, usage
solution, complexity
translation
usage
Three-dimensional control points, requirement
Three-dimensional coordinates
system
Three-dimensional digitizer
Three-dimensional ellipsoid, formation
Three-dimensional ground coordinates
cubic polynomial function ratio, usage
transformation
Three-dimensional impression, creation
Three-dimensional object space coordinates, determination
Three-dimensional operation:
analytical plotters
analytical stereoplotters, flowchart
Three-dimensional polynomial transformation, usage
Three-line linear array sensor scans
Three-line linear sensor array, orientation fixation
Three-line scanner:
aerotriangulation
geometry
image scene collection
Three-point perspective image
Three-times-rotated coordinate system
Tie points:
approximations, discovery
configuration
coordinates, photographs (connections)
identification
usage
Tightly coupled integration level
Tilt
angular orientation
calculation
impact
orientation angle
rotation
angles
example
Tilt angle:
determination
display
Tilted aerial photographs, atmospheric refraction
Tilted photographs
auxiliary tilted photo coordinate system
auxiliary x′y′ image coordinate system
effect
geometry
image displacements
image point
principal plane
rectification, geometry (display)
rectification
relief displacement
scale
example
square grid, image
xy fiducial system, x′y′-tilted system (conversion)
Tilting-lens optical-mechanical rectifier, schematic diagram
Tilt-swing-azimuth (t-s-a):
angular orientation, display
system
TIN. See Triangulated irregular network
TLS. See Terrestrial laser scanning
Toe region
Topographic features, representation
Topographic mapping
Total exposure
diaphragm area, shutter speed (product)
Tracing pencil (direct optical projection stereoplotters)
Tracing systems, direct optical projection stereoplotters
Tracing table (direct optical projection stereoplotters)
Traffic accident investigations, photogrammetry (usage)
Traffic management, photogrammetry (usage)
Transformation:
affine transformation, usage
coordinate transformation approach
homogeneous coordinates, usage
parameters
coefficients, matrix
computation
usage
performing
projective transformation, complication
Translation factors:
addition
calculation
Translation parameters
Transparencies (diapositives)
Transportation:
photogrammetric applications
project-specific basis
Transverse Mercator
coordinate zone, defining constants
coordinates, conversion
map projection
projections, setup
Traversing
Triangle, h (altitude)
Triangulated irregular network (TIN)
data points
generalization
models, construction
Triangulation. See also Delaunay triangulation
horizontal angles, measurement
Trigonometric functions, angles (involvement)
Trigonometric leveling
usage
Tri-lap area
points, measurement
Trilateration
Triple-scalar product, zero value
True value, definition
Truly vertical overlapping photographs
Truly vertical photographs
T-statistics, examples
Two-dimensional, term (usage)
Two-dimensional affine coordinate transformation
example
nonorthogonality, correction
relationship
rotation
translation
x, scale change
y, scale change
Two-dimensional affine relationship
Two-dimensional affine transformation
Two-dimensional conformal coordinate transformation
method, alternative
performing
rotation
scale change
steps
translation
Two-dimensional conformal transformation
Two-dimensional coordinate transformation parameters
Two-dimensional ellipse
Two-dimensional homogeneous points, embedding
Two-dimensional projective coordinate transformation
Two-dimensional projective rotation matrix, parameterization
Two-dimensional projective transformation:
equations, form
geometry
representation
rotation, parallel relationships
usage
Two-dimensional rational polynomial coordinate transformation
Two-photo adjustment, convergence
Two-point perspective image

U
UltraCam Eagle ultra-large digital aerial photogrammetric camera (Microsoft)
Uncontrolled aerial mosaics
Uncontrolled digital mosaics
construction
Unexposed emulsion, fog
Unfiltered ALS data
Unit equivalents/fractions
Unit weight, standard deviation
Units
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM):
projection
system
Urban scenes, two-dimensional transforms
U.S. Army of Corps of Engineers
U.S. Department of Agriculture, aerial photography resource
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS):
aerial photograph archive
camera calibration
parameters
quadrangle maps, usage
satellite image archive
U.S. survey foot
Utilities, project-specific basis
UTM. See Universal Transverse Mercator

V
Vanishing points
Variable terrain:
ALS system, swath pattern
vertical aerial photograph, usage
vertical photograph, scale
Variances
weight, inverse proportion
Vector
azimuth
orthogonal
superimposition
Vegetation layer:
example
usage
Velocity
reset, INS mechanization (usage)
VERTCON
Vertical accuracy
Vertical aerial photographs:
example
scale, example
stereoscopic parallax
taking
usage
Vertical angles, computation (oblique photographs)
Vertical control
establishment, field survey methods (usage)
images
 point, usage
points
surveys
differential leveling, usage
Vertical datums
Vertical exaggeration:
analysis, diagrams
calculation
magnitude, expression
stereoviewing
Vertical ground-surveyed photo control points
Vertical photographs
example
flight line
flying height
geometry
ground coordinates
example
overlap
overlapping pair
geometry
relief displacement
equation
example
photographic example
scale
determination
variations
stereopair, air base
two-dimensional view
Vertical plane, horizontal angle
Viewing systems, direct optical projection stereoplotters
Vignetting
Visible light, wavelengths (discernment)
Visible spectrum, white light (dissection)
VMX450 mobile laser mapping system (RIEGL)
VR mapping workstation
VZ400 terrestrial laser scanner (RIEGL)

W
Washing, black-and-white photographic processing/printing step
Water quality management:
GIS project, location (example)
photogrammetric applications
Wavelength
Wavelet decomposition. See First-level wavelet decomposition
Wavelet transform
Weather conditions
Weather conditions, problems
Weight, definition
Weighted observations
equations
system
Wetland analysis, photogrammetric applications
Wetland area, GIS database (example)
WGS. See World Geodetic System
WGS84 datum, usage
Whiskbroom scanners
White light, dissection
Wide-angle lenses, illuminance (decrease)
Wildlife management:
GIS project
study area
vegetation layer
photogrammetric applications
World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
Wrap-around effect, creation

X
x’ axis, omega rotation
X″ axis, rotation
example
X coordinates, usage
X ground coordinates
X parallax
X plate coordinates, measurement
X value
XY coordinates
forward/direct conversion
xy ground coordinate system, transformation
XY two-dimensional coordinate system
x′y′-tilted system
X′Y′Z′ coordinate system, translation
XYZ ground coordinates, computation
xyz image coordinate systems, measurement
XYZ model coordinates, computation
XYZ right-handed three-dimensional coordinate systems
xyz right-handed three-dimensional coordinate systems
XYZ stereoplotter controls

Y
Y coordinates, usage
Y ground coordinates
standard deviations
Y parallax:
causes
flying height, variation (impact)
photographs
orientation, problem
tilt, problem
Y plate coordinates, measurement
Y value
y1 axis, phi rotation

Z
Z′ axis, rotation
example
Z coordinate:
determination
standard deviation
Z2 axis, kappa rotation
Zeiss P-3 analytical plotter
Zeiss RMK TOP 15 aerial mapping camera
Zenith, vertical lines (intersection)
Zeros, significance
Zigzagging pattern, generation
Zoom 95 stereoscope
Zoom stereoscope
Zoom transfer scope (ZTS)
usage
image
 image

FIGURE 2-21 (a) Normal color image and (b) color infrared image. Note that healthy vegetation,
which appears green in the normal color image, appears red in the color infrared image. Circled tennis
courts are painted green but appear gray in the color infrared image.
 image

FIGURE 2-27 (a) A view of the color cube from behind the origin and (b) a view of the color cube
from the opposite corner.

image

FIGURE 2-30 Representation of hue and saturation corresponding to Fig. 2-29.

 image

FIGURE 2-31 Illustration of the (a) color additive process and (b) color subtractive process.

image

FIGURE 3-9 Solid-state CCD imaging array of 14,600 × 17,200 (250 million) pixels. (Courtesy
Teledyne DALSA.)