Bahagian A

( 60 markah )
Jawab semua soalan di bahagian ini.

1. (a) Jelaskan takrif ilmu ekonomi. [2 markah]

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(b) Gambar 1 di bawah menunjukkan situasi yang dihadapi oleh Pn. Zandra.

Menerima bonus RM
10 000

RM 9 800 RM 9 500
Gambar 1

Berdasarkan gambar di atas, huraikan masalah ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh

Pn.Zandra [6 markah]

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(c) Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan ciri-ciri bagi suatu sistem ekonomi.

 Harga barang ditetapkan oleh mekanisma harga

 Sistem ekonomi yang diamalkan oleh Malaysia

(i) Apakah sistem ekonomi di atas? [1markah]

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(ii) Jelaskan ciri-ciri lain bagi sistem ekonomi di (b)(i). [4markah]

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(d) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kuantiti biskut yang ditawarkan oleh Syarikat Yummy pada
pelbagai tingkat harga.

Harga (RM/Tin) Kuantiti Ditawar (Tin)

10 100
15 200
20 300
25 400

i - Lukiskan keluk penawaran biskut bagi Syarikat Yummy di atas kertas graf yang
disediakan. [4 markah]

ii – Sekiranya kerajaan menarik semula subsidi kepada pengeluar, ia akan memberi kesan
kepada penawaran.
Lakarkan keluk penawaran yang baharu di atas rajah yang sama. [3 markah]

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2. (a) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan peratus perubahan harga dan peratus perubahan

kuantiti ditawar bagi barang P dan Q.

Jenis Barang Peratus perubahan Peratus perubahan

harga (%) kuantiti (%)

Barang P 15 3

Barang Q 10 20

Jadual 1

Hitung keanjalan harga penawaran bagi 2 jenis barang di atas. [4 markah]

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(b) Jadual 2 menunjukkan permintaan dan penawaran bagi suatu barang.

Harga (RM) Kuantiti diminta (unit) Kuantiti ditawar (unit)

2 16 6

3 12 8

4 8 10

5 4 12

Jadual 2

i. Lukis rajah keseimbangan pasaran pada kertas graf yang disediakan.

[5
markah]

ii. Tentukan harga dan kuantiti keseimbangan bagi pasaran tersebut. [2 markah]
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(c) Gambar berikut berkaitan dengan promosi penapis air jenama Coway.

Gambar 2

Jelaskan fungsi wang yang berkaitan dengan promosi di atas. [5 markah]

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(d) Maklumat di bawah berkaitan dengan pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh Cik
Aini Yuhaida.

Cik Aini Yuhaida merupakan seorang kerani kewangan di Firma Binaan

CNY Engineering Sdn Bhd. Setiap hari dia membawa nasi lemak dan
(i)
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dagang untuk dijual kepada rakan sekerjanya.

Jelaskan jenis pendapatan yang diperoleh Cik Aini Yuhaida. [4 markah]

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3. (a) Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan hasil dan kos sebuah firma.
Syarikat Hayana Sdn Bhd mengeluarkan 600 unit perabot yang dijual dengan
harga RM260.00 seunit. Kos pengeluaran yang digunakan ialah bahan mentah
RM24 000, upah pekerja RM6 000, sewa kilang RM3 000 dan bil utiliti RM4 000.

Hitung jumlah untung yang diperolehi.

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[3 markah]
(b) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kos pengeluaran jangka pendek bagi Firma Han

Keluaran/Output Jumlah Kos Kos Purata Kos Marginal

(unit) (RM) (RM) (RM)
0 100 - -

1 150 150 50

2 190 95 Y

3 210 70 20

4 240 X 30

5 310 62 70

6 420 70 110

(i) Berapakah nilai X dan Y [2 markah]

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(ii) Jelaskan hubungan antara jumlah kos, kos purata dan kos marginal pada
keluaran yang berikut.

Output 0 hingga 3 unit [2 markah]

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Output 4 hingga 6 unit [2 markah]

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(c) Gambar 3 ini berkaitan dengan eksternaliti bagi sesebuah projek
pembangunan.

Gambar 3
Nyatakan kesan kos sosial dan faedah sosial yang berlaku pada kegiatan
tersebut. [4 markah]
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(d)

Gambar 1

Gambar 4

(i) Gambar 4 menunjukkan peranan kerajaan sebagai pengeluar. Jelaskan jenis

barang yang dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan dalam gambar 4. [2 markah]

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(ii) Selain berperanan sebagai pengeluar, kerajaan turut berperanan sebagai

majikan. Jelaskan. [5 markah]

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Bahagian B

[40 markah]

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

4. Gambar 5 menunjukkan aktiviti pengeluaran.

Gambar 5

. (a) Aktiviti tersebut memberikan kesan luaran kepada masyarakat . Jelaskan.

[4 markah]
(b) Jelaskan tindakan yang perlu dilakukan oleh kerajaan untuk mengurangkan
kesan luaran negatif hasil daripada aktiviti pengeluaran tersebut.
[7 markah]
(c) Sebagai seorang pengguna, apakah sumbangan anda dalam membantu
kerajaan mengatasi kesan luaran negatif hasil daripada pengeluaran tersebut.
[9 markah]

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5. Petikan di bawah berkaitan dengan petikan berita mengenai PRIMA.

PRIMA rumah untuk golongan pertengahan

SHAH ALAM – Projek perumahan yang diperkenalkan oleh Perbadanan PRIMA Malaysia
(PRIMA) di seluruh negara menyebabkan golongan pertengahan berpeluang memiliki rumah
yang selesa di kawasan bandar. Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif PRIMA, Datuk Abdul Mutalib Alias
berkata, penubuhan PRIMA membantu rakyat di Negara ini untuk memiliki rumah sendiri
dengan tawaran 20% lebih murah daripada harga pasaran. Menurutnya, ini merupakan
komitmen kerajaan untuk menyediakan rumah mampu milik kepada rakyat.

“Kita (PRIMA) tawarkan ‘market home below market price’ (rumah di bawah harga pasaran)
harga yang mampu milik dan rumah kita berkualiti, bukan seperti yang dianggap oleh
segelintir pihak bahawa rumah PRIMA adalah rumah kos rendah,’ katanya. Sehingga kini,
katanya, 263 366 unit kediaman telah diluluskan oleh Anggota Perbadanan PRIMA dan lebih
100 000 unit dalam proses pembinaan.

(Dipetik dan disesuaikan daripada: www.sinarharian.com.my)

(a) Dalam sistem ekonomi yang diamalkan di Malaysia, kerajaan bertanggungjawab

menyediakan rumah mampu milik bertepatan dengan sistem Ekonomi
Campuran. Jelaskan dua ciri Sistem Ekonomi Campuran. [4 markah]

(b) Mengapakah kerajaan bertanggungjawab menyediakan rumah mampu milik

kepada rakyat. [7 markah]

(c) Pada pendapat anda, berikan cadangan bagaimana masyarakat mampu memiliki
rumah sendiri. [9 markah]

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6. Gambar di bawah menunjukkan 2 peranan kerajaan.

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 (a) Jelaskan bagaimana kerajaan menjalankan kedua-dua peranan tersebut.
[6
markah]

(b) Jelaskan masalah ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh kerajaan [5 markah]

(c ) Sebagai pemerintah sesebuah negara, wajarkah pihak kerajaan

menyediakan sistem pendidikan secara percuma kepada rakyatnya. Bincangkan.
[9
markah]

PROTON kembali jadi jenama kedua terlaris

SUBANG JAYA: PROTON meneruskan momentum cemerlangnya tahun ini, dengan angka
jualan April kembali meletakkan syarikat itu di kedudukan kedua keseluruhan selepas kali
terakhir pencapaian seumpamanya dilakar lebih tiga tahun lalu.

Sebanyak 7,011 unit dijual pada bulan lalu, kenaikan sebanyak 14.1 peratus berbanding Mac
dan peningkatan 75 peratus berbanding bulan sama tahun lalu.

Kejayaan itu dicapai meskipun terdapat penurunan dalam jumlah jualan industri (TIV)
sebanyak 6.2 peratus berbanding bulan terdahulu, sekali gus menjadikan PROTON satu-
satunya jenama automotif lima teratas yang mencatat pertumbuhan positif.

(sumber: https://www.bharian.com.my/bisnes/auto/2019/05/559725/
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 proton-kembali-jadi-jenama-kedua-terlaris)

(a) Jelaskan konsep permintaan [4 markah]

(b) Dengan bantuan gambar rajah yang sesuai jelaskan kesan perubahan permintaan
kepada pasaran Proton tersebut. [7 markah]
(c) Sebagai seorang warganegara Malaysia, adakah anda akan memilih kereta
PROTON sebagai kereta pilihan? Jelaskan [9 markah]
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

RUANGAN JAWAPAN BAGI SOALAN BAHAGIAN B

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