COURSE NAME

COURSE CODE
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEMESTER

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY (ODL)

DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 9 NOVEMBER 2020
GROUP : EC220/6C2A
GROUP MEMBERS 1. MUHD. SYABIL HAFIZ B. MOHD. SHARIFFUDDIN
(2019541937)
2. FARNANDHES PANGIT ANAK HENRY CHUKAN
(2019582387)
3. MOHAMAD ARIF BIN MOHAMAD NOR
(2017592931)
4. LLOYDRYEN NAWANG SIMON
(2019582329)
LECTURER : IR. DR. SITI NURBAYA BINTI AB KARIM
LEVEL OF OPENESS : 2A

MARKS COMMENTS
INTRODUCTION
BASIC CONCEPTS
METHODOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5
RESULTS&ANALYSIS 1 2 3 4 5
DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5
CONCLUSION 1 2 3 4 5

TOTAL MARKS
INTRODUCTION

Level 2 laboratory activities refer to the condition where only the problem is guided
and given. Students are required to find the ways & means and provide the answers to the given
assignment using the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity will enable the students
to appreciate independent learning and prepare them for a much harder task of open-ended
laboratory activities.
In this laboratory activity, students are encouraged to develop their methodology and
their critical analysis skills by analyzing and presenting the experimental results appropriately.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

High traffic volume can affect the operation of intersection. Intersection has significant
influence for interrupted flow. Gap analysis is used to measure the LOS of an unsignalized
intersection. An efficient intersection shall operate at least at Level of Service D. In addition to
Level of Service, the safety aspect of an intersection must also be considered to avoid accident.
Traffic can operate smoothly when the rate of flow is less than at capacity, but excessive
delay and congestion can occur when the rate of flow is at or near capacity. In planning and
design of highway facilities, the principal purpose is to design or plan facilities that will operate
at flow rates below their optimum rates. However, this objective can be achieved only if a good
estimate of the optimum flow of a facility can be made.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the test are:
1. To determine the vehicle composition in the traffic flow stream
2. To observe the traffic flow trend and movement pattern
3. To estimate hourly volume and average daily traffic (ADT)

APPARATUS
1. Multi-gang tally counter
2. Stop watch
METHODOLOGY
1. The layout of the studied junction was selected and sketched with census numbered for
each junction arm. The selected census station must be strategic and safe for the
enumerator.
2. Each enumerator was tasked to concentrate on one approach arm, each lane and one-
direction of flow.
3. The number of vehicles was counted by using multiple tally counters and the data was
recorded into a table.
4. The time to carry out the experiment was stated and the counting was done in 30
minutes duration with 5 minutes interval.
5. The number of vehicles were converted from vehicle/hr to pcu/hr.

RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS

Road layout

D1=Direction 1(Left Turning)

D2=Direction 2(Right Turning)
D3=Direction 3(Right Turning)
D4=Direction 4(Straight/True Direction)
D5=Direction 5(Left Turning)
D6=Direction 6(Straight/True Direction)
Direction 1
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 23 0 0 0 0 7
18:05-
18:10 15 1 1 0 0 8
18:10-
18:15 10 1 1 0 0 7
18:15-
18:20 19 0 0 0 0 11
18:20-
18:25 16 1 0 0 0 4
18:25-
18:30 17 0 0 0 0 4
Total 100 3 2 0 0 41

Direction 2
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 4 0 0 0 0 2
18:05-
18:10 8 0 0 0 0 4
18:10-
18:15 9 0 0 0 0 3
18:15-
18:20 4 0 0 0 0 3
18:20-
18:25 4 0 0 0 0 3
18:25-
18:30 3 0 0 0 0 1
Total 32 0 0 0 0 16

Direction 3
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 14 0 0 0 0 7
18:05-
18:10 9 0 1 0 0 7
18:10-
18:15 14 0 0 0 0 8
18:15-
18:20 12 0 0 0 0 9
18:20-
18:25 10 0 0 0 0 3
18:25-
18:30 11 1 0 0 0 0
 Total 70 1 1 0 0 34

Direction 4
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 18 2 1 0 0 8
18:05-
18:10 24 0 0 0 0 5
18:10-
18:15 23 2 0 1 0 9
18:15-
18:20 20 0 0 0 0 4
18:20-
18:25 28 0 1 0 0 3
18:25-
18:30 23 2 1 0 0 2
Total 136 6 3 1 0 31

Direction 5
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 13 0 0 0 0 16
18:05-
18:10 16 1 0 0 0 10
18:10-
18:15 11 0 0 0 0 8
18:15-
18:20 10 0 0 0 0 9
18:20-
18:25 4 0 0 0 0 10
18:25-
18:30 14 1 0 0 0 8
Total 68 2 0 0 0 61
Direction 6
Time Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
18:00-
18:05 23 0 0 0 0 10
18:05-
18:10 21 1 1 0 0 10
18:10-
18:15 24 0 0 0 1 5
18:15-
18:20 33 1 0 0 0 5
18:20-
18:25 28 0 0 0 0 7
18:25-
18:30 30 0 2 0 0 11
Total 159 2 3 0 1 48

Direction 1
Traffic composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 100 68.493 1 100
Van/LGV 3 2.055 2 6
Lorry/MGV 2 1.37 2.5 5
Lorry/HGV 0 0 3 0
Bus 0 0 3 0
Motorcycle 41 28.082 0.75 32.25
 Traffic composition

Type of Vehicle
0%
car/taxi
28%
Van/LGV
Lorry/MGV
0%
1%
2% Lorry/HGV
69%
Bus
Motorcycle

Direction 2

Traffic
composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 32 66.667 1 32
Van/LGV 0 0 2 0
Lorry/MGV 0 0 2.5 0
Lorry/HGV 0 0 3 0
Bus 0 0 3 0
Motorcycle 16 33.333 0.75 12

Traffic composition (%)

car/taxi
Van/LGV
33%
Lorry/MGV
Lorry/HGV
0% 67% Bus
Motorcycle
Direction 3

Traffic
composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 70 66.037 1 70
Van/LGV 1 0.943 2 2
Lorry/MGV 1 0.943 2.5 2.5
Lorry/HGV 0 0 3 0
Bus 0 0 3 0
Motorcycle 34 32.075 0.75 25.5

Traffic composition (%)

car/taxi

32% Van/LGV
Lorry/MGV
Lorry/HGV
0%
1%
1% 66% Bus
Motorcycle

Direction 4
Traffic
composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 136 76.836 1 136
Van/LGV 6 3.389 2 12
Lorry/MGV 3 1.694 2.5 7.5
Lorry/HGV 1 0.564 3 3
Bus 0 0 3 0
Motorcycle 31 17.514 0.75 23.25
 Traffic composition (%)

car/taxi
17%
Van/LGV
0%
1%
2%
3% Lorry/MGV
Lorry/HGV
Bus
77%
Motorcycle

Direction 5
Traffic
composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 68 51.908 1 68
Van/LGV 2 1.527 2 4
Lorry/MGV 0 0 2.5 0
Lorry/HGV 0 0 3 0
Bus 0 0 3 0
Motorcycle 61 46.56 0.75 47.75

Traffic composition (%)

car/taxi
Van/LGV
Lorry/MGV
47%
52%
Lorry/HGV
Bus
0%
1% Motorcycle

Direction 6
 Traffic
composition
Type of vehicle Total (%) PCU(Urban) PCU/30 Min
car/taxi 159 74.648 1 159
Van/LGV 2 0.939 2 4
Lorry/MGV 3 1.408 2.5 7.5
Lorry/HGV 0 0 3 0
Bus 1 0.469 3 3
Motorcycle 48 22.535 0.75 36

Traffic composition (%)

car/taxi
23% Van/LGV

0% Lorry/MGV
1%
1%
Lorry/HGV

75% Bus
Motorcycle

Traffic Flow Trend

Direction 1
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Van/LGV Lorry/MGV Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle

 Direction 2
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV

Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle

Direction 3
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV

Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle

Direction 4
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV

Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle
 Direction 5
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV

Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle

Direction 6
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Car/Taxi Van/LGV Lorry/MGV

Lorry/HGV Bus Motorcycle

Traffic Movement Pattern

Left Turning(D1 and D5)
Total Vehicle
Time(min) D1 D5
5 30 29
10 25 27
15 19 19
20 30 19
25 21 14
30 21 23
 Left Turning(D1 and D5)

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Total Vehicle D4 Total Vehicle D6

Right Turning(D2 and D5)

Total Vehicle
Time(min)
D2 D3
5 6 21
10 12 17
15 12 22
20 7 21
25 7 13
30 4 12

Right Turning(D2 and D5)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Total Vehicle D4 Total Vehicle D6

 Straight/True Direction(D4 and D6)
Total Vehicle
Time(min) D4 D6
5 29 33
10 29 33
15 35 30
20 24 39
25 32 35
30 28 43

Straight/True Direction(D4 and D6)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Total Vehicle D4 Total Vehicle D6

Average Daily Traffic(ADT) at the Junction in One Day

Direction D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
Volume, V1(Veh/30 min)
146 48 106 177 131 213
Volume, V2(Veh/Hr)
V2=V1 x 2
292 96 212 354 262 426
Volume, V3 (Veh/Day)
V3=V2 x 24 hours 7008 2304 5088 8496 6288 10224
Average Daily traffic 6568
(Veh/Day)
DISCUSSION

Traffic volume study was carried out to count the number of vehicles passing a specific
reference point on a road section within a specified period of time. Each mechanical hand tally
counter represents each flow. The study shows that the number of each type of vehicles passes
from each direction, as well as the number of each vehicles passes from each direction in every
15 minutes within an hour, from 18:00 p.m. up to 18:30 p.m. For each 5 minutes that had been
conducted with the number of vehicles taken, result for peak hour for the road can be taken.
Throughout the observation, the traffic volume increases from 18:00 p.m. to 18:30.
Direction 6 recorded as the highest number of vehicles travelled the selected location which is
213 vehicles in total. At the same time, Direction 4 recorded 177 vehicles in total which falls
under the second highest vehicle volume passes the location. In contrast, both Direction 2 and
Direction 3 recorded as the lowest vehicle volume travelled the same location throughout the
study, which are 48 and 106 in total respectively. This indicates that there are more vehicle
travelled in the main road at Direction 6 and Direction 4 compared to the minor road from
Laboratory of Civil Engineering.
More than half of the vehicle passes the selected location are cars which are recorded
about 74.648% at Direction 6. Motorcycles record as the second highest vehicle travelled the
Direction 6 is 22.535%, followed by buses 0.469%, van & utilities 0.939% and medium lorry
1.408%.There is no heavy lorry passing the intersection recorded throughout the study.
Flow rate of vehicles per hour was calculated to estimate the peak hour factor (PHF) which
represents the ratio of total hourly volume to the maximum flow rate within 1 hour. Average
vehicles volume per hour was calculated in order to estimate the average daily traffic (ADT)
to measure present demand of traffic flow per hour and per day.
CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, based on data obtained we are able to determine the vehicle

composition in the traffic flow stream and identify the traffic flow trend and movement pattern
of the road. Besides that, from the data, we also able to estimate the average daily traffic of the
road which is 6568 veh/day and we able to determine type of vehicle that using the road
according to time. Lastly, we also able to develop new skill or experience in determine the data
and we also able to develop teamwork. For this lab experiment, it can be recommended that
students should wear proper attire when doing the lab such as safety vase, long trouser and
fully shoes. Secondly, choose the proper junction to get a better data and avoid sharp corner
spot to avoid dangerous.

REFERENCES
1. Khalil. (2014). Traffic Volume Study [PowerPoint slides]. Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/zawadkhalil/traffic-volume-study-31672066
2. Alam. (2014). Traffic Volume Studies [PowerPoint slides]. Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/tanviralam31337/traffic-volume-studies