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代数学引论题解 (第一章)
代数学引论题解 (第一章)
代数学引论题解 (第一章)
Focus1
2017 c 3 17 F
1
®ŒÆêƉÆÆ
1˜Ù “êÄ Vg
(ii) ab = ac ⇒ b = c;
(iii) ac = bc ⇒ a = b;
y²G3ù‡¦{e¤˜+
©O3GSðk),KG3ù¦{e¤˜+.
) d1˜K,•Iéü‡ ƒØ †=Œ.
¯¢þ,(12)(13) = (132), (13)(12) = (123)=÷v^‡
1
1˜Ù “êÄ Vg 2
i
7. G´˜+,a, b ∈ G,XJa−1 ba = br ,Ù¥r•˜ ê,y²a−i bai = br
´˜‡f+§¿…B†U4 ØÓ
y² P 5 +•G,f+•H,·‚y²é∀g ∈ G, gH = Hg.
¯¢þ,eg ∈ H,KgH = Hg = H, qdué,‡g ∈
/ H,G = H ∪ gH = H ∪ Hg.l éu∀g ∈
/
H, gH = Hg,l H 5
14. - ! !
2πi
0 1 e n 0
A= ,B = 2πi
1 0 0 e− n
y² P Nk• ƒ ¤ 8Ü•S
• I y ² éa, b ∈ S ⇒ ab−1 ∈ S.¯ ¢ þ,ea, b• k • ƒ, © O •m, n.l (ab−1 )mn =
amn (b−1 )mn = e ••k• ƒ
18. XJ+G•kk•õ‡f+,y²G•k•+
y² |^‡y{,b G´˜‡Ã•+,e¡y²Gkáõ‡f+
eG¥z‡ ƒ þk•,Kdü‡ ƒ)¤ Ì‚+káõ‡,gñœ eGk˜‡ ƒa •Ã
¡,K•Äa, a , a , · · · )¤ f+,§‚üüØÓ…þ•G
2 3
f+,• —gñœ l ·K y
(i) M N = N M
(ii) M N ´G 5f+
f : M N → N : mn 7→ m
u´,d1˜Ó ½n
M N/ Ker f ∼
= Im f ⇒ M N/N ∼
=M
y²µ
25. Á½Ñ¤kpØÓ 4 +.
) Pd+•G,duz‡ ƒ Ñ Ø4,©ü«œ¹?Ø.
(a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d)
(a, b) · (c, d) = (ac + bd, ad + bc)
y²S3ùü‡$Že ¤˜äkü ƒ ‚.
28. 3 ê8Zþ-#½Â\{/⊕0†¦{/0•
a ⊕ b = ab, ab=a+b
Á¯Z3ùü‡$Že´Ä¤˜‚.
a⊕b=a+b−1
a b = a + b − ab
ϕ : L → L, a 7→ 1 − a
1) Läkü ƒ, SÃü ƒ
2) Lvkü ƒ, Skü ƒ
3) L, SÑkü ƒ, ؃Ó
4) LØ † S †
) 1) L = Z,S = 2Z÷v^‡
eL a = a;
y²µ
(iii) eL •†ü ,dueL Ø´mü .l •3a ∈ L,¦ aeL = b 6= a,l beL = aeL eL = aeL = b,u
´(a − b)eL = 0,éu?¿r ∈ L, (a − b)r = (a − b)eL r = 0,u´(a − b + eL )r = ré∀r ∈ L¤á.u
´a − b + eL •´†ü .
y²rad I•´˜nŽ.rad I ‰I Š.
Ïd,In ∈ K ⇒ K = Mn (Q)
l 1 − aŒ_.
aba = a
y²µ
(i) LÃ"Ïf
(ii) bab = b
(iii) Lkü ƒ
(iv) L´˜‡N
y² (i) e,‡x ∈ L´L "Ïf.K•3z 6= 0,¦ xz = 0.l x(y + z)x = xyx + xzx = xyx =
x.†y •˜5gñ.l LÃ"Ïf.•˜„/,• LQÆ"Ïf•Ãm"Ïf.
•¹˜‡m«m.
1˜Ù “êÄ Vg 9
(ii) +GLn (F ) ƒ ‡ê
2
) (i) Mn (F )¥ z‡ ƒkp«À{,l |Mn (F )| = pn
y²