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თავი წიგნიდან „აკაკის თხზულებათა გამოცემები“ თბილისი 2009

$ 2 akaki wereTlis leqsebis krebul `salamuris~

gamocemis istoria da teqstologiuri
analizi

Cveni kvlevis sagania akaki wereTlis TxzulebaTa is gamocemebi, romlebic

ganxorcielda 1892-93 w.w. quTaisSi. esenia: `xolera~ _ mestviruli Sairebi akakisa
(1892 w.) da leqsebis krebuli `salamuri~ _ sasimRero leqsebi akakis~ (1893 w.).
wignis gamomcemeli iyo kirile lorTqifaniZe. masSi 26 leqsia gaerTianebuli.
quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi k. lorTqifaniZis arqivSi inaxeba am
wignis ori xelnaweri krebuli: avtografi (Q 974) da asli (Q 975). asli
gadawerilia kirile lorTqifaniZis mier. oriode gamonaklisis garda, igi
mTlianad misdevs avtografs. akakis leqsebis krebuli `salamuri~ dRes
bibliografiul iSviaTobadaa qceuli. igi wlebis manZilze dakarguli iyo. 1989
wels mas mivakvlieT i. griSaSvilis biblioTekaSi. wigns garekanze axlavs i.
griSaSvilis warwera: `viyide bazarze 1922 wels. 10.04. saxlSi ar gaicema. wigni
vaTxove p. ingoroyvas, TbilisSi ver viSoveT~.
erTob uCveulo movlenaa, radgan dReisaTvis cnobili am wignis erTaderTi
cali, saqarTveloSi ekuTvnis i. griSaSvils, romelic akaki wereTlis
TxzulebaTa TxuTmettomeulis erT-erTi redaqtori iyo. miuxedavad amisa,
TxuTmettomeulis arc erT tomSi nabeWd wyarod krebuli `salamuri~ miTiTebu-
li ar aris. I tomis SeniSvnebSi naTqvamia: `nabeWdi `salamuri~ Cven xelT ar
gvqonia (biblioTekaSi ar aRmoCnda). cnobebi nabeWdi `salamuris~ Sesaxeb yvel-
gan amoRebuli gvaqvs p. ingoroyvas SeniSvnebidan~ (igulisxmeba p. ingoroyvas
Svidtomeuli. j.g.). (wereTeli 1950a: 457). rogorc Cans, wigni gvian daubrunda
patrons. ufro metic, zogi specialistisaTvis am wignis arsebobac ki ar iyo
cnobili. mag. i. lorTqifaniZe rodesac ganixilavs kirile lorTqifaniZis
moRvaweobas, aRwers mis mier gadawerili `salamuris~ Q 975 xelnawers da
SeniSnavs, rom kirile ganawyenda imis gamo, rom akakim es leqsebi cal-calke
dabeWda da `salamuris~ `gamocemaze xeli auRiao~ (teqstologiis... 1974: 124).
aRniSnuli wigni SevudareT avtografsa da asls da Cveni dakvirvebani
Sesabamisi msjelobiTa da daskvnebiT warmovadgineT moxsenebis saxiT samecnie-
ro konferenciaze 1990 wlis aprilSi. Semdeg ki vrceli gamokvleva davbeWdeT
(gaboZe 2000a: 128). mokvleuli masala, vfiqrobT, daexmareba akaki wereTlis
TxzulebaTa axali akademiuri gamocemis Semdgenlebs. akakis TxzulebaTa
Tvramettomeulis pirvel tomSi miTiTebulia krebul `salamuris~ zemoT
aRniSnuli nabeWdi wyaro, gaTvaliswinebulia TiTqmis yvela is cvlileba,
romlebic mogvca krebul `salamuris~ avtografis, aslisa da nabeWdi wyaros


`salamuris~ meore cali inaxeba wignis palataSi.
urTierTSedarebam. magram samwuxaroa, rom pirveli tomis arc saredaqcio we-
rilSi, arc SeniSvnebSi araa miTiTebuli Cveni es mokvleva da arc is, rom akaki
wereTlis axali akademiuri gamocema adrindelTan SedarebiT kidev erTi axali
nabeWdi wyaroTi gamdidrda (wereTeli 1991). `salamuris~ avtografuli
xelnaweri Q 974 (daculia quTaisis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. k.
lorTqifaniZis arqivSi) gadawerilia akakis xeliT da moicavs 25 leqss.
xelnawer krebuls aqvs Tavfurceli, romelzedac aweria: ~salamuri~, – meore
xazze miwerilia: `naduRi~, Semdeg es sityva wauSlia poets. qvemoT ki dauweria:
`sasimRero-mestviruli leqsebi akakisa~. aqve sityva `mestviruli~ fanqriT
gadaxazulia, amis Semdeg mocemulia krebulis Sinaarsi, sadac 27 leqsia
CamoTvlili Semdegi TanamimdevrobiT: 1. gulispasuxi; 2. saidumlo baraTi; 3.
salamuri; 4. Zvel samefos; 5. Siqasta; 6. udardo kaci; 7. muxambazi; 8. avadmyofi;
9. amirani; 10. simRera ZvelTa, 11. ocneba Tarze; 12. axlandel qalebze (muxanbazi),
13. kintouri; 14. satrfos; 15. xalxuri; 16. aRmarT-aRmarT; 17. survili; 18. mTvare;
19. Cemo Tavo; 20. iav-nana; 21. advokatebs; 22. ideali; 23. meCongure qali; 24.
jariskaci; 25. svanuri simRera; 26. xalxuri; 27. ganTiadi. amTaviTve unda mivuTi-
ToT, rom es rigi da xelaxali gadanomvra avtoriseulia. rac kirile
lorTqifaniZes gauTvaliswinebia aslSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, avtografuli xel-
naweris sarCevSi 27 leqsia miTiTebuli, magram Tavad krebulSi warmodgenilia
_ 25. avtograful xelnawerSi misi Sinaarsisagan gansxvavebiT ar aris Setanili
leqsi `meCongure qali~. igi aslSia gadawerili amgvari saTauriT: `Canguri~
(`vardis xmazed~); aseve araa Setanili arc avtografSi da arc aslSi leqsi
`iav-nana~. igi mxolod krebulis nabeWd calSi gvxvdeba. sarCevSi naCveneb ricxvs
27-s akldeba 2 leqsi. amdenad, darCa 25 leqsi. sagulisxmoa, rom avtografuli
xelnaweris SinaarsSi warmodgenili rigi srulad ar emTxveva Tavad avtog-
rafSi mocemuli leqsebis Tanamimdevrobas. es krebuli akakim kiriles TxovniT
Seadgina da saTanado sarCevic daurTo. vfiqrobT, sarCeevSi avtorma leqsebi
qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT daalaga, magram Semdeg xelnawerSi es principi
veRar ganaxorciela, an SesaZloa isic, rom akakim jer xelnaweri krebuli
Seadgina da radgan ar moewona masSi leqsebis ganlageba, Semdeg daurTo
sarCevi, romelSic es rigi Secvlilia. es rom asea, imiTac dasturdeba, rom
`salamuris~ nabeWdi wyaro avtografis sarCevs misdevs. rogorc aRvniSneT,
`salamurs~ moepoveba aslic, romelic gadawerilia kirile lorTqifaniZis
mier. xelnaweri inaxeba mis arqivSi Q 975 _ nomriT. krebuli Sedgeba 42 gverdisa-
gan. es is calia, romelic kiriles jer sacenzuro komitetisTvis warudgenia,
Semdeg ki qarTvelTa wignis gamomcemeli amxanagobis Tavmjdomare al.
jabadarisaTvis uCvenebia. xelnawers Tavfurcelze axlavs cenzuris nebarTva:
`Дозволено цензурою на питидесяти восьми страницах с исключением на страницах~
7,8,9,13,15,18,45, и 53~. `12 декабря 1892 года. Тифлись КН. Р. Эристави~. iqve garekanze
xelnawers aqvs Semdegi warwera: `am rveulSi moTavsebuli ocdaeqvsi leqsis
(garda leqsisa `xolera~) dabeWdvis nebas aZlevs wignis gamomcemeli qarT-
velTa amxanagoba. amxanagobis gamge al. jabadari. 13 dekemberi 1892 w. q.
Tbilisi~.
Cven dagvainteresa am warweram. `salamuris~ xelnaweri krebuli Sedgeba 42
gverdisagan, nabeWdi wigni moicavs 48 gverds. nebarTva gacemulia 58 gverdze.
ras niSnavs es? am kiTxvaze pasuxs iZleva `xoleras~ is egzemplari, romelic
inaxeba k. lorTqifaniZis biblioTekaSi. igi 16 gverdiania, magram am wignze

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axali gamocema Seivseba am wyaroTic.
imave xeliT, romliTac gadawerilia da gadanomrilia krebul `salamuris~
asli, gakeTebulia axali paginacia, romlis saerTo numeracia sabolood
aRwevs 58-mde. `xoleras~ es cali, rogorc Cans, cenzorTan yofila wardgenili.
masSi imave xeliT aRdgenilia calkeuli striqonebi, zogi waSlilia wiTeli
melniT, zogi ki gadarCenia cenzuras. am wignis boloSic aris aseTi warwera:
`Цензурою на пятидесяти восьми страницах. 12 Декабря 1892 года~ amrigad, krebuli
`salamurica~ da `xolerac~ 12 dekembersaa cenzorisagan nebadarTuli.
maSasadame, aqedan gamomdinare, `salamuris~ gamocemis istoria ase
warmogvidgeba: rogorc Cans, avtors gadaucia k. lorTqifaniZisTvis Tavisi
xeliT gadawerili 25 leqsi (Tumca sarCevSi 27 aris CamoTvlili). kirile
lorTqifaniZes gadauweria es leqsebi da, radgan `xolera~ im wels
gamocemuli iyo didi damaxinjebiT, ganuzraxavs, isic moeqcia amave krebulSi,
amitom aRar gadauweria `xolera~ da usargeblia misi nabeWdi caliT,
romelSic aRudgenia cenzoris mier amoRebuli adgilebi, Semdeg orive erTad
gadaunomravs (`xoleras~ nabeWdi cali 16^gverds moicavs) 16+42=58 da aseTi
formiT warudgenia cenzorisaTvis. cenzorma kvlav amoSala mTeli rigi
adgilebi `xoleradan~, mTlianad amoiRo leqsi `avadmyofi~ da mxolod amgvari
saxiT misca misi dabeWdvis neba. Semdeg (13 dekembers) aRniSnuli krebuli
kirile lorTqifaniZes uCvenebia al. jabadarisTvis.
rogorc cnobilia, roca qarTvelTa wignis gamomcemelma amxanagobam
ganizraxa akakis nawerebis gamocema, maT akakis daudes xelSekruleba, romlis
ZaliTac amxanagobis nebadaurTvelad akaki wereTlis nawerebis gamocema
ekrZaleboda yvelas. aRniSnul xelSekrulebas icnobda k. lorTqifaniZec da
Tavs valdebulad Tvlida, ecnobebina gamomcemlobis gamgisaTvis Tavisi
ganzraxva akakis leqsebis gamocemis Sesaxeb. al. jabadars gaucia leqsebis da-
beWdvis neba, garda leqsisa, `xolera~. rogorc Cans, al. jabadarma mizanSewoni-
lad ar miiCnia, rom es leqsi kvlav ase daCexili gamoecaT. amitomac urCia
krebulidan misi amoReba gamomcemels, romelsac gauTvaliswinebia kidec es
rCeva.
amrigad, `salamuri~ _ sasimRero leqsebi akakisa 1893 w. amgvari saxiT
daibeWda quTaisSi. masSi 26^ leqsia moTavsebuli. wigni, garda imisa, rom
iSviaTi egzemplaria, imiTacaa saintereso, rom Seicavs p. ingoroyvas mier
aRdgenil adgilebs im leqsebisas, romlebic cenzuras wauSlia. aRdgenisas p.
ingoroyvas usargeblia k. lorTqifaniZis arqivSi napovni xelnaweri
krebulebiT, romlebic wignis xelnaweri wyaroebia. p. ingoroyva (wereTeli 1941:
23) miuTiTebs maT Sesaxeb. krebul `salamuris~ xelnaweri aslis Tavfurcelze
weria: `salamuri -–sasimRero da mestviruli leqsebi akakis~. Semdeg erTvis
Sinaarsi, romelic rogorc aRvniSneT, zustad misdevs avtografis sarCevis
Tanamimdevrobas.
Cven sagangebod SevudareT erTmaneTs akaki wereTlis leqsTa krebulis
`salamuris~ avtografi, asli da nabeWdi teqsti. aseve SevajereT isini Semd-
gomdroindel gamocemebTan, saxeldobr: akaki wereTlis `Txzulebani~ 1893 w. I-II
tomi; akakis `Cemi nawerebi~ I-II t. 1912-1913 w.w. p. ingoroyvas mier gamocemuli
akaki wereTlis TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli Svid tomad. I-II t., akaki wereTlis
TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli TxuTmet tomad, I-II t. da akaki wereTlis
TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli 18 tomad. t. 1 (1991 w,). sagangebod aRvnusxeT


akaki wereTelis TxzulebaTa 18 tomeulis I tomi gamovida 1991 wels. amjerad xelaxla
mzaddeba akakis TxzulebaTa akademiuri octomeuli, romlis pirveli aTi tomis gamosacemad
momzadeba 2009 wels rusTavelis fondma daafinansa.
yvela cvlileba da gansakuTrebiT is SemTxvevebi, Tu rogor daibeWda
Semdgomdroindel gamocemebSi krebul `salamuris~ nabeWd wyaroSi
Sesworebuli esa Tu is leqsi. am dakvirvebam saSualeba mogvca, dagvedgina
akakis krebul `salamuris~ nabeWdi teqstis mecnieruli Rirebuleba. isic, Tu
ramdenad sando wyaroa igi akaki wereTlis Semoqmedebisa da teqstis mkvlevar-
TaTvis. ramdenad SesaZlebelia, saboloo teqstis dadgenisas, mecnierebi
daeyrdnon am gamocemas. zogadi daskvna aseTia: akaki wereTlis leqsebis krebu-
li `salamuri~ uaRresad mniSvnelovani gamocemaa da mas saTanado adgili unda
miekuTvnos akaki wereTlis TxzulebaTa akademiuri teqstis dadgenis dros.
akaki wereTlis leqsTa krebul `salamurSi~ kargad Cans avtorisa da
gamomcemlis muSaobis kvali. sayovelTaod cnobilia, rogor muSaobda akaki
leqsze. igi ramdenjerme gadawerda, cvlida mas. zogjer prozad werda, Semdeg
galeqsavda da sxva. ai, ras swers poeti Tavis megobars kirile lorTqifaniZes:
`ramdenime, ase ocdaaTamde Cemi leqsebi da `Tamar cbieri~ gadavTargmne
prozaT, mere veliCkom gadaiRo leqsebaT da iseTi ambavi moaxdina, rom
gasakvirveli~ (wereTeli 1963: 52).
krebul `salamuris~ avtografi erTxel kidev gvarwmunebs zemoTqmulis
WeSmaritebaSi. masSi kargad Cans poetis SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis kvali. mgosani
erTxel daweril frazas iqve cvlis, zemodan awers, Slis. Semdeg ki gamocemaSi
Sesworebuli saxiT gadaaqvs. iseTi SemTxvevac xSiria, roca Sesworebuli
leqsi, romelic daibeWda `salamurSi~, TiTqos ar akmayofilebs poets da
Semdgom gamocemebSi isev cvlis.
qvemoT warmovadgenT magaliTebs, romlebic naTlad asaxaven poetis
SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis suraTs.
sainteresoa is cvlileba, romelic akakis Seutania leqsSi `muxanbazi~.
leqss aqvs avtografi Q 974, asli Q 975, nabeWdi `salamuri~ (gv.1 5) (akademiuri
gamocemis (t. I) SeniSvnebSi eT. SaraSeniZe wers: `TxuTmettomeulis 1 tomis
gamomcemlebi miuTiTeben, rom am leqsis ZiriTad wyarod avtografi aiRes,
Tumca irkveva, teqsti maT Seavses pirvelnabeWdisa da 1882 w. jibis kalendris
mixedviT~ (wereTeli 1991: 339). akademiuri Tvramettomeulis I tomSi leqsi
ibeWdeba avtografis mixedviT (wereTeli 1991: 17). me-15 striqoni Tavdapirvelad
ase yofila: `magram mainc vicini sxvanairad~, Semdeg avtors gadauxazavs sityva
`sxva~ da Tavze dauweria `sam~. `samnairad~ wakiTxvas iZleva p. ingoroyvas mier
SemoTavazebuli teqstic (wereTeli 1940a: 138). sayuradReboa erTi ram: striqo-
nis amgvari wyoba ar aris gaziarebuli arc krebulis aslSi Q 975 da arc mis
nabeWdSi (ix. gv. 15). masSi datovebulia pirvandeli forma: `magram mainc vicini
sxvanairad~; Tumca yvela sxva gamocemaSi ikiTxeba sityva `samnairad~ akakis
TxzulebaTa I tomis SeniSvnebi (wereTeli 1991: 340) weria, rom: vinaidan avtoris
bolo nebis gaTvaliswinebiT leqss Semoklebuli variantiT vbeWdavT,
gamarTlebulad migvaCnia i. griSaSvilis mosazreba, rom sityva `samnairad~ unda
Seicvalos sityviT `sxvanairad~ (wereTeli 1991: 374-378). esa da bevri sxva ma-
galiTi naTelyofs akaki wereTlis SemoqmedebiT muSaobas leqsze.
rogorc mivuTiTeT, krebul `salamuris~ asli redaqtirebulia kirile
lorTqifaniZis mier. igi cvlida leqsSi calkeul sityvas, frazas, zogierTi
cvlileba Sinaarsobrivi xasiaTisaa. yvelaze saintereso isaa, rom poeti
xSirad iTvaliswinebda redaqtoris am Carevas teqstSi, Tumca iseTi
SemTxvevacaa, roca akaki ar iziarebda k. lorTqifaniZis zog SeniSvnas. qvemoT
warmovadgenT im cvlilebebs, romlebic ganicada akakis leqsma kirile
lorTqifaniZis redaqtirebis Sedegad. aqve unda SevniSnoT isic, rom zogierTi
cvlileba kiriles krebul `salamuris~ aslSi Sesabamisi leqsis adrindel
variantebze dayrdnobiT uwarmoebia.
axla im magaliTebs warmovadgenT, roca esa Tu is cvlileba leqsis
Sinaarsze axdens gavlenas. leqsi `ocneba Tarze~ aqvs avtografi Q 974 asli Q
975. nabeWdi `salamuri~, pirvelwyarod gamoyenebulia nabeWdi teqsti gaz.
`Sromadan~ 1881 w. 1 15. VII3 avtografSi iyo ase: `ocnebaSic davarda misi Zala~.
kiriles, rogorc Cans, ar moewona leqsis amgvari gadakeTeba da krebulis
aslSi es striqoni amave leqsis adrindeli, kerZod, 1881 w. gamocemis mixedviT
Secvala Semdegnairad: `ocnebamac dahkarga misi Zala~. aseTive saxiT daibeWda
striqoni krebul `salamurSi~, akaki TxzulebaTa 1893 w. II t. (gv. 105) da p.
ingoroyvas Svidtomeulis 1 t. (gv. 291). rogorc vxedavT, es sworeba
Sinaarsobrivi xasiaTisaa. sagulisxmoa, rom akaki wereTlis TxuTmettomeulis
II tomis SeniSvnebSi (gv. 457) es variantuli wakiTxva aRniSnuli ar aris. tomis
Semdgeneli miuTiTebs mxolod imas, rom: `...nabeWdi salamuri~ Cven xelT ar
gvqonia (biblioTekebSi ar aRmoCnda), cnobebi nabeWdi `salamuris~ Sesaxeb
yvelgan amoRebuli gvaqvs p. ingoroyvas SeniSvnebidan~. wina gamomcemlebisagan
gansxvavebiT amjerad axali akademiuri octomeulis mommzadeblebs saSualeba
miecaT, isargeblon krebul `salamuris~ nabeWdi wyaroTi.
am wyaroebis Sedarebam mogvca saSualeba, vaRiaroT, rom kirile cvlida ama
Tu im sityvas, akaki ecnoboda am SeniSvnebs, zogjer iwonebda maT, xanac kvlav
Taviseburad werda. amis kargi nimuSia leqsi `aRmarT-aRmarT~; `mag SarbaTSi
sawamlavs svam, icode~ asea salamuris avtograful xelnawerSi Q 974. kiriles
aslSi Q 975 da nabeWdSi sityva Seucvlia ase `samsalas~, es SeniSvna ar miiRo
poetma da SemdegSic pirvandeli formiT: `sawamlavs~ werda.
warmodgenili magaliTebi cxadad metyveleben akaki wereTlis leqsTa
krebul `salamuris~ mecnierul Rirebulebaze. aSkarad Cans, avtograful kre-
bulze avtoris SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis kvali. dasturdeba kirile
lorTqifaniZis redaqtoruli moRvaweobac. aRniSnuli Sroma vrclad
gamoqveynebulia (gaboZe 2000: 12^).
amrigad, Cveni naSromis mizani iyo, Segveswavla akaki wereTlis leqsebis
krebuli `salamuris~ gamocemis istoria. Segvejrebina arsebuli xelnawerebi
da nabeWdi teqsti erTmaneTTan, agreTve, Semdgomi drois umniSvnelovanes
gamocemebTan da amis safuZvelze gagvekeTebina aRniSnuli leqsebis teqstolo-
giuri analizi.
sayuradReboa krebul `salamuris~ aslic. igi redaqtirebulia gamomcemlis,
akakis megobris kirile lorTqifaniZis mier. is didi sifrTxiliT ekideba
yovelive sityvas, asos. cvlis mas, umetes SemTxvevaSi, leqsis adrindeli
variantis mixedviT. zogjer Tavad arCevs ukeTes sityvas da sTavazobs poets.
bevri aseTi sworeba strofis Sinaarszedac axdens sasikeTo gavlenas, Cven aq
ar CamovTvaleT is mravali gramatikuli da orTografiuli sworeba,
romlebsac kirile lorTqifaniZe sTavazobs avtors. sagulisxmoa swored is,
rom akaki wereTeli xSirad iwonebs gamomcemlis SeniSvnebs da Secvlili saxiT
beWdavs leqss SemdgomSic. Tumca imis magaliTebic warmovadgineT, roca poeti
ar iziarebs megobris sworebebs da leqsis Taviseuls variants irCevs.
`salamuris~ xelnawer krebulebze dakvirveba aSkaras xdis akakis
TanamSromlobas Tavisi nawerebis gamomcemlebTan. es kargad Cans poetis piradi
mimoweridanac. kirile lorTqifaniZem didi rudunebiT, siyvaruliTa da Cveuli
gulmodginebiT Seadgina akakis leqsTa krebuli `salamuri~. am wignis saxiT
dRes gvaqvs avtoris mier nasworebi da xSir SemTxvevaSi misi saboloo nebis
gamomxatveli teqsti leqsebisa. am monacemebis mixedviT ufro metad izrdeba
`salamuris~ mniSvneloba da isic, Tu raoden Rirebuli SenaZenia igi akaki
wereTlis TxzulebaTa axali akademiuri gamocemisaTvis da akaki wereTlis
Semoqmedebis mkvlevarTaTvis.
 `ganTiadis~ pirveli publikacia krebul `salamurSi~ da leqsis
daTariRebis
sakiTxi

akakis leqsTa krebul `salamuris~ mniSvneloba erTi-orad izrdeba imiTac,

rom masSi pirvelad daibeWda akakis `ganTiadi~, romelsac uzis TariRi 1892
wlis 12 dekemberi, rac swored am krebulis dabeWdvisaTvis gacemuli nebarTva
gaxlavT. am leqsis Seqmnis TariRi da misi adresatis vinaoba dRemde sadavod
rCeba mecnierTaTvis. erTni leqsis daweris drod dimitri yifianis dakrZalvis
dRes, 1887 wlis noembers, asaxeleben (bocvaZe 1956, mTvareliZe 1988: 14) da
Tvlian, rom akakim igi dimitri yifianis xsovnas miuZRvna. mecnierTa meore
nawili leqss 1892 wlis 12 dekembriT (cenzuris nebarTva) aTariRebs g.
abzianiZe, (wereTeli 1950b: 511) e. TayaiSvili, T. jologua (jologua 1999). mesame
mosazrebiT akakis `ganTiadi~ nikoloz baraTaSvilis neStis gadmosvenebasTan
dakavSirebiT Seuqmnia da sityvaSi `mgosani~ swored is igulisxmeba (i. bocvaZe,
vl. maxaraZe (maxaraZe 1973).
Cven viziarebT mecnierebaSi dRemde arsebul mosazrebebs `ganTiadis~ Seqmnis
Sesaxeb da amasTanave, gvsurs, warmovadginoT sami gansxvavebuli dokumentic,
romlebic, vfiqrobT, xels Seuwyobs sakiTxis sabolood garkvevas.
I. `ganTiadis~ dRemde aslad miCneuli xelnaweri Q-953 (inaxeba quTaisSi) da
aris leqsis avtorizebuli xelnaweri. akaki wereTlis TxzulebaTa TxuT-
mettomeulis I tomis SeniSvnebSi g. abzianiZe miuTiTebda: `D xelnaweri
(igulisxmeba Q-953 j. g.) gadawerilia da nasworebia kirile lorTqifaniZis mi-
er~. xelnawerze dakvirvebis Sedegad Cndeba azri, rom igi gadawerili ki ar
aris, aramed Cawerilia da nasworebia akakis karnaxis mixedviT. Q-953 ki aris
`ganTiadis~ erT-erTi pirveli Savi avtorizebuli xelnaweri. Cveni mosazreba
eyrdnoba ramdenime arguments: xelnawerSi arsebuli sworebaTa Sinaarsi da
simravle. marTalia, kirile akakis uaxloesi megobari iyo, rogorc
mivuTiTebdiT, xSirad asworebda mis nawerebs da Tavad akakic didad afasebda
mis literaturul gemovnebas, magram rogorc sakiTxis kvleviT davrwmundiT,
kirile amgvari sworebisas ZiriTadad eyrdnoboda poetis nawerebis adreul
gamocemebs. kirile lorTqifaniZes usworebia poema `naTelas~ nabeWdi calic,
magram is cvlilebani sruliad sxvagvaria. sakmarisia, gavecnoT am xelnaweris
aRwerilobas, rom maSinve Cndeba kiTxvebi: rogor, ra uflebiT Seitanda kirile
amgvari Sinaarsisa da saxis sworebebs akakis leqsSi? Tanac gadawerisas! Q-953,
xelnaweris safuZvlianma Seswavlam (kvlevas vawarmoebdiT specialistebisa da
eqspertebis daxmarebiT) dagvarwmuna, rom aRniSnuli leqsi akakis karnaxiTa da
misive SesworebebiT Cauweria kirile lorTqifaniZes. anu dakvirvebiT aSkara
xdeba, rom Q-953 xelnaweri akakisa da kiriles erTad muSaobis process gamo-
xatavs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es aris `ganTiadis~ erT-erTi pirveli Savi
avtorizebuli wyaro. mainc ra gvaZlevs am mtkicebis safuZvels?
a) pirveli argumenti gaxlavT teqstSi Setanili sworebis Sinaarsi da
forma. Tvalis erTi gadavlebac ki sakmarisia, rom vaRiaroT: xelnaweri
aSkarad asaxavs SemoqmedebiT process. zogi striqoni waSlilia da maSinve
Secvlilia axliT: (iyo: `saflavsa dimitrisasa~ iqve Secvlilia ase: `Tav-
dadebulis saflavsa~. akakim gamoTqmas `rogorc did moZRvars~ amjobina
`grZnobamoreviT~, an `saaRsarebod guls uxsnis~ Secvala ase: `da gulis pasuxs
narnarad,~ Rimilma _ siamem; Sehyurebs _ Tvals avlebs da mr. sxva). ufro
metic: akakis, rogorc Cans, kirilesaTvis mTeli strofic ki ukarnaxia,
romelic pirvel gverdze marjvniv, SeqceviTaa miwerili. Semdeg es strofi
waSlilia avtorisave surviliT. iseve rogorc bevri sxva sityva da striqoni.
teqstSi ramdenimegan gadanomrilia sityvebi. amdenad, SeuZlebelia, amgvari
sworebani sxva vinmes ekuTvodes, Tvinier avtorisa. sxvaTa Soris, kiriles
amgvar Carevas adreve daueWvebia T. doiaSvili, romelic wers: `bolo striqoni
ki kiriles namoqmedrad ver CaiTvleba, radgan sityva `dimitrisasa~ mSvenivrad
uTanxmdeba winamaval sariTmo sityvas `mtkvrisasa~. Tu mainc da mainc
CavTvliT, rom `saflavsa dimitrisasa~ kirile lorTqifaniZes ekuTvnis, Cans,
mas hqonia saamiso sabuTi, rom aseTi gasworeba moexdina. Cven vfiqrobT, rom
akakis Tavdapirvelad unda hqonoda `saflavsa dimitrisasa~, magram mxatvruli
mosazrebiT (konkretuli saxe `dimitri~ iZens ganzogadebas- `raindsa urCsa
mtrisasa~)Seucvlia igi `saflavsa dimitrisasa~ (doiaSvili 1974: 76) am
mosazrebasTan erTad gasaTvaliswinebelia akakis megobris iv. eliaSvilis
gadmocemac: `samwuxarod, bevrma ar icis, rom leqsSi `mdinare nanas umReris
raindsa urCsa mtrisasa~, mtris urCi raindi aris dimitri yifiani... ratom
pirdapir ar daasaxela akakim dimitri yifianio, imitom, rom imisi xseneba
akrZaluli iyo, rogorc politikuri damnaSavisa~ (eliaSvili 1990: 149).
Bb) Cvens mtkicebas adasturebs gadamweris xelwerac, sayovelTaod cnobilia,
rom gadamnusxvelis xelwera Cveulebriv dinji da sufTaa. amis magaliTad TviT
kiriles mierve gadawerili `Tornike erisTavis~ teqstis xilvac kmara (kekeliZe
1961: 487). am xelnawer nusxaSi ver naxavT verc erT sworebas, waSlil frazebs.
rasac ver vityviT `ganTiadis~ xelnawerze. rogorc Cans, kirile Cqarobda da
cdilobda, rom moeswro akakis nakarnaxevi sityvebis Cawera, albaT, amitomac
zogan kalami wascdenia da meore striqonze gadasatani sityva iqve dauwyia. ase-
ve sagulisxmoa, sityvaTa gadanomrva, jer gadaxazuli da Semdeg aRdgenili
frazebi leqsisa. kiriles rom mxolod gadamnusxvelis funqcia hqonoda, bu-
nebrivia, igi aslSi aRar gadaitanda amden gadaxazulsa da Sesworebul sityvas.
damatebiT mtkicebas is paleografiuli niSnebic mogvcemen, romelTa axsnasac
sabolood xelnaweris dednis SeswavliT SevZlebT.
Bg) sagangebod gvsurs visaubroT erT struqturul sworebaze, romelic
Setanilia teqstSi. `ganTiadi~ 10 strofisagan Sedgeba, rogorc akaki gawerelia
wers, leqsi dawerilia katreniT, rvamarcvliani rTuli riTmiT (qorea da
daqtili abvb gawerelia 1985: 281), Cven mier warmodgenil xelnawerSi leqsis
pirveli xuTi strofi oTxtaepiania, Semdeg xuTs ki axlavs ortaepiani refreni:
`ca-firuz xmeleT _ zurmuxto
sworupovaro mxareo~,

refrenis bolo striqoni xan ase icvleba: `mimomxiblavo mxareo~, xanac ase:
`Cemo nanatro mxareo~. xelnawerSi es sami refreni waSlilia jer imave melniT,
romliTac Cawerilia `ganTiadi~, Semdeg ki jvaredinad gadaxazulia im fanqriT,
romliTac Casworebulia teqsti. rogorc Cans, Tavdapirvelad akakim ukarnaxa es
taepebi kiriles. Semdeg ki Tavad waikiTxa, an kiriles waakiTxa leqsi da
sxvebTan erTad es sami refrenic waaSlevina, ris Sedegadac danarCeni xuTi
strofic oTxstriqonianad gadaakeTa da leqsi mTlianad rvamarcvliani
katreniT gaawyo. komentari zedmetia! leqsis struqturuli cvlileba vis
SeeZlo gaekeTebina, Tu ara avtors?!
sxvaTa Soris, am ormociode wlis win enaTmecnierebis institutis fonetikis
laboratoriaSi CautarebiaT `ganTiadis~ ritmul-melodiuri analizi. akakis
mier warmoTqmuli `ganTiadis~ fonogramaze dakvirveba uwarmoebia literaturis
institutis 10 mecnier-TanamSromels. Sedegi metad sagulisxmoa: `akakis
warmoTqmis rogorc melodiur, ise intonaciur mxareze dakvirveba adasturebs,
rom poeti mxedvelobidan ar uSvebs Tavisi leqsis arc erT, cotad Tu bevrad,
mniSvnelovan moments, rogorc Sinaarsisa da ideis, ise formis sferodan.
aqedan gamomdinare, advili warmosadgenia azrobriv-emociuri datvirTuloba im
SemoqmedebiTi procesisa, romlis drosac `ganiTadi~ iqmneboda~, _ werda akaki
xinTibiZe jer kidev 1972 wels (xinTibiZe 1972: 260). dagveTanxmebiT, rom Cven mier
aRwerili xelnaweri zustad gamoxatavs im `azrobriv-emociur datvirTulobas~,
rac marto leqsis Sinaarsobriv-leqsikuri sworebiT rodi gamovlinda, am
SemoqmedebiT procesze SesaniSnavad metyvelebs is mocaxcaxe da aCqarebuli
xelic kirile lorTqifaniZisa, romelic mSvenivrad grZnobda, rom didebuli
mgosnis sityvebs ki ar iwerda mxolod, imavdroulad am Sedevris dabadebis
bednieri moTanagec xdeboda. `ganTiadis~ es xelnaweri WeSmariti mowmea akakis
geniosuri kalmis mosmisa, RvTiuri sityvis dabadebisa, misi yoveli striqoni
sunTqavs da CurCulebs avtorTan erTad: `dedaSvilobam bevrs ar gTxov~....
amrigad, warmodgenili argumentebi vfiqrobT, sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom
vaRiaroT, Q-953 aris `ganTiadis~ pirveli Savi avtorizebuli xelnaweri. igi
akakis karnaxiT da misive SesworebiT Cawerilia kirile lorTqifaniZis mier.
msgavsi magaliTebi akakis SemoqmedebaSi arcTu iSviaTia. cnobilia domenti
TomaSvilis mogonebebi, romliTac vigebT, rom akakis karnaxiT mas ramdenime
nawarmoebi Cauweria da usworebia poetis nebisamebr (baramiZe... 1990: 217). aseve
sagulisxmo cnobas gvawvdis poetis Tanasofleli spiridon zabaxiZec,
romelsac gadauweria akakis ukanaskneli poema `omi~ da usworebia poetis
karnaxis mixedviT (gaboZe 2000g). xolo is faqti, rom akaki da kirile erTad
muSaobdnen, sayovelTaod cnobilia. `saistorio moambis~ 1991 wlis #61-62-Si
mocemulia aseTi cnobac: `1895 wels krwanisis brZolis 100 wlisTavze akaki
imyofeboda sof. brilSi, niko diasamiZis ojaxSi, erT dilas adga, mouxmo niko
diasamiZis Svils mixeils da uTxra: `aba, moamzade qaRaldi, melani, aiRe
kalami da, rac giTxra, Caiwereo. im dilas daiwera swored leqsi `11 enkenisTve~
krwanisis brZolis Sesaxeb. akaki ukarnaxebda, mixeili werda~ (gv. 60).
II. avtografi `ganTiadisa~ aris Q-974, Cvens mier zemoT ganxiluli akakis
leqsTa krebul `salamuris~ xelnaweri, rogorc kvleviT dadginda, av torma
`ganTiadi~ pirvelad leqsTa am krebulSi Seitana. aqve mas oTxi sxva axlad
dawerili leqsic mouTavsebia. esenia: `gulis pasuxi~, `satfros~, `xalxuri~
(`mindvrad egdo~), `xalxuri~ (`alvis xe~). yvela es leqsi. 1892 wliTaa
daTariRebuli. amaTgan `gulis pasuxi~ `salamuris~ avtografis sarCevSic da
nabeWd wyaroSic pirvel adgilasaa moTavsebuli, `ganTiadi~ ki orivegan
boloSi mouqcevia. rogorc vwerdiT, krebul `salamuris~ dabeWvdis nebarTva
1892 wlis 12 dekembers gaica. maSasadame, mecnierTa mier miTiTebuli es TariRi
aRniSnul krebuls ekuTvnis da imave dros am leqsis pirvel publikaciazec
miuTiTebs. marTalia, imave wlis 18 dekembers cenzorma dabeWdvis nebarTva
gasca akakis `Txzulebanis~ tomebzec, Tumca maTSi `ganTiadi~ Setanili araa.
rogorc cnobilia, es gamocemac `salamuris~ Tanadroulad mzaddeboda, magram
akakis am leqsis pirveli publikaciis pativi mainc Tavisi megobris kirile
lorTqifaniZisaTvis miucia, radgan Semdgom `salamuris~ gamocema dagvianda,
poetma 1893 wlis Jurnal `kvalis~ pirvel nomerSi sxva leqsebTan erTad `gan-
Tiadic~ gamoaqveyna (gv. 11) ase moxda leqsis pirveli publikacia 1893 wlis 3
ianvars, Tumca, rogorc mivuTiTeT, igi 1892 wlis 12 dekembers ukve mzad iyo
dasabeWdad. rogorc Cans, arc kiriles gahkvirvebia es ambavi, radgan dro
gadioda, `salamuris~ gamocema kvlevac gviandeboda da Tebervlis meore
naxevarSi `Txzulebanis~ II tomic gamovida. 1893 wlis 7 martis Jurnal `kvalis~
nomerSi ki akakim `salamuridan~kidev dabeWda erTi axali leqsi `xalxuri~
`alvis xe~. aman gaanawyena kirile da 8 marts aseTi werili miswera poets:
`dRes dilas miviRe `jejilis~ da `kvalis~ nomrebi, romelTagan erTma gamam-
wara da simwris dafarva ar SemiZlia. mesiamovna Seni leqsi `gazafxuli~
`jejilSi~ rom aris. samwuxaro Seiqmna CemTvis `kvalis~ nomeri, romelSic ki-
dev aris Seni axali leqsi. aman gamagebina, rom `salamurisa~ da `akldamebis~
wignebi me momiva erTi-ori kviris ganmavlobaSi, radganac maSin Seni daubeWdavi
leqsebis `kvalSi~ beWdva gaTavdeba da mere miecema `salamurs~ dineba soflis
sinaTleSi gamosvlis... Tu is gindoda, rom yvela `salamurSi~ moZRvanebuli
daubeWdavi leqsebi jer ~kvalSi~ yofiliyo dabeWdili, geTqva, windawin da
maSin sul sxva angariSs daviWerdi da im fass davniSnavdi `salamurisTvis~,
rom male gasaRebuliyo da xarji nisiobiT aRebuli male damefara. axla,
rodesac Seni Txzulebebis pirveli tomi ase mravlad iyideba, romelSiac
`salamuris~ naxevari aris da meore naxevarsac `salamurisas~ meore tomSi moe-
lian da winaswar `jejilSi~ da `kvalSi~ kiTxuloben, me ara mgonia, ase male
gaiyidos `salamuri~ (abramiSvili 1981: 109).*
martis Sua ricxvebSi akakim sapasuxo werili gaugzavna kiriles quTaisSi:
`...me didad msurda, rom ~salamuri~ yvelazed adre yofiliyo gamocemuli,
magram ar moxerxda, ara da ra Cemi bralia... komitetSi orjer viyavi,
rafailTan (r. erisTavi, j.g.) samjer da miTxres gavgzavneTo, rodis? ra
nomriT? ra dRes? rom mivayare eg sul erTad, dagvijere, gagzavniliao. raRa
meqna, Cxubs xom ver daviwyebdi?... gana me Cemi Tavis mteri var?...rac Seexeba leq-
sis gardabeWdvas, eg Cemis azriT aras uSlis da mainc gaiyideba... (wereTeli
1963: 50)
bolos da bolos, akakis leqsTa krebuli `salamuri~ dagvianebiT gamovida,
1893 wlis ivlisSi quTaisSi. rogorc Cans, akakim didi mondomebiT Seadgina es
wigni, masSi gamouqveynebeli leqsebic Seitana, magram radgan wignis gamocema
Zalian igvianebda, poetma gadawyvita, cal-calke mainc gamoeqveynebina isini da
ase gaecno mkiTxvelisaTvis. maT Soris iyo misi Semoqmedebis Sedevri
`ganTiadic~, romelic, rogorc qvemoT warmodgenili mogonebiT davrwmundebiT,
karga xnis dawerili hqonia!
es mogoneba ekuTvnis cnobil ofTalmologs, akakis Tanamedroves, profesor
aleqsandre Satilovs (1868-1949), mogoneba 1991 wlis # 60-61 `saistorio
moambeSi~ (gv.62-63) gamoaqveyna SoTa baramiZem. igi sakvlevi sakiTxisaTvis metad
sagulisxmo cnobebs Seicavs, amitom mciredi SemoklebiT gadmovcemT: `es iyo
gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisi me da Cemma siyrmis
megobarma zubiko abduSeliSvilma ganvizraxeT swavlis gagrZeleba dorptis
universitetSi da saTanado sabuTebsac movuyareT Tavi. gadawyda, namariobevs
gavdgomodiT gzas Soreuli dorptisaken. samariobod ki zubikom Tavis
mSobliur sofelSi mimipatiJa. ra Tqma unda, miwveva didi siamovnebiT miviRe da
rodesc orTvalam abduSeliSvilebis saxlTan mimiyvana, iq samariobo sufra
ukve gaeSalaT da lxinic Sedioda eSxSi. (xazi yvelgan Cvenia, j.g.)

* wignis Semdgeneli el.abramiSvili aRniSnuli werilis 258-e komentarSi (gv. 237) miuTiTebs, rom
igulisxmeba akakis leqsi `sanam viyav axalgazrda~ (`kvali~, 1893, #3, gv.7). realurad saubaria
leqsze `xalxuri~ (gv.7), aseve dasazustebelia 259–e komentari: `salamuri~ anu leqsTa kreba
qarTvel mweralTa, gamocemuli z. WiWinaZis mier, tf. i. xelaZis st. 1877 (gv. 237), sinamdvileSi es
aris akakis leqsTa krebuli `salamuri~ 1893 w. quTaisSi gamocemuli k. lorTqifaniZis mier. aseve
arasworia 261-e komentaric (gv. 237)
 Semdeg al.Satilovi igonebs, rogor waradgines zubikos mamasTan – giorgi
abduSeliSvilTan, rogor miiwvies sufrasTan, sadac brwyinvale sazogadoeba
ijda: Tamadis gverdiT misi mxar-beWbrtyeli Savwveriani da saocrad sandomiani
Zma vano abduSeliSvili ijda, iqve isxdnen zurabis biZa kote baqraZe da misi
ganuyreli megobrebi giorgi zdanoviCi da kita abaSiZe, romlebic quTaisidan
swveodnen ekaterine da giorgi abduSeliSvilebs. saCxeridan fridon da akaki
wereTelebi amosuliyvnen. calke giorgi wereTeli da misi meuRle anastasia
TumaniSvili isxdnen... (xazi yvelgan Cvenia, j.g.). Semdeg al.Satalovi igonebs,
rogor wamodga Tamada fexze da `vercxlis azarfeSiT gansvenebuli dimitri yi-
fianis Sesandobari Sesva. oriode sityva Tqva, magram iseTi, rom mxiarul
sufras uceb sevdis, sinanulisa da uTqmeli dardis landi daeca. yvela fexze
wamodga, yvelam wauqcia Rvinis wveTi wasulis xsovnas, yvelam Tqva Tavisi
saTqmeli sityva, garda akakisa, romelic daRvremili ijda da Tvals ar aSo-
rebda kedelze dakidul suraTs scenisas `samSoblodan~. bolos isic wamodga,
miuaxlovda suraTs da ise, rom ar mouSorebia Tvali misTvis, Cumad, TiTqos
TavisTavs esaubrebao, daiwyo:
`ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto,
Cemo samSoblo mxareo,
sneuli davbrunebulvar,
mkurnalad Semeyareo!

wuTiT dumili Camovarda. mere sufris TavSi vanos dabali, gulidan

amoxeTqili, magram moguduli dvrini gaisma. vanos sxvebic mihyvnen da darbazi
aivso saocari, ganumeorebeli da gulisSemZvreli xmebiT: ca-firuz, xmeleT-
zurmuxto...rekda vercxlis zariviT wkriala xma da mTeli sufra dedo zariviT
sevdiani, mdore da mogugune dvriniT eubneboda bans mis gulistkivils.
`deda-Svilobam, bevrs ar gTxov,
Sens miwas mimabareo,
ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto
Cemo samSoblo mxareo~.

Camoreka didi poetis ukanasknelma sityvebma da darbazSi ki kidev didxans

ismoda dvrinis duduni, rogorc gamoZaxili samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulisa,
SebRaluli Rirsebisa da mouSuSebeli gulistkivilisa.
akakis `ganTiadi~ mxolod Semdegi wlis 3 ianvars gamoqveynda giorgi
wereTlis `kvalSi~. im dRes ki sajarod pirvelad moswyda is akakis bages da
yvela iq myofis gulic SesZra~ (gv. 62-63) (xazi Cvenia, j.g.)
vfiqrobT, metad sagulisxmo da mniSvnelovani mogonebaa: Cven, ra Tqma unda,
Sors varT im azrisagan, rom `ganTiadis~ daTariRebisaTvis aRniSnuli mogoneba
erTad-erT wyarod miviCnioT, magram faqtia, rom masSi miTiTebuli ramdenime
konkretuli TariRi am mxriv msjelobis met saSualebas gvaZlevs. saxeldobr:
al. Satilovi ixsenebs, rom `gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisi
iyo~, `mariamobis dResaswauli~, rom `ganTiadi mxolod Semdegi wlis 3 ianvars
gamoqveyndao~. dasaxelebuli konkretuli TariRebi, vfiqrobT, metad sagulisx-
moa, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, mogonebaSi CamoTvlil im cnobil sazogado
moRvaweebze, romelnic mowmeni iyvnen am didebuli leqsis dabadebisa.
aqve gvsurs, erTi TariRis dakonkretebac. al. Satilovi axsenebs, rom
oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisi iyo da igi dorptis universitetSi gasamgzav-
reblad emzadeboda. amave mogonebas axlavs komentarebi, romelSic vkiTxulobT:
`derpti, dorpti – qalaqi estoneTis respublikaSi, mdinare emaigiis orive
napirze. tartus raionis centri. samdinaro navsadguri. me-11 saukuneSi qalaqs
iurievi ewoda. 1824 wels _ derpti, xolo 1893 wlidan _ isev iurievi...~ (gv. 64).
rogorc Cans, aRniSnuli mogoneba 1893 wlamde momxdar movlenebs
gadmoscems, maSin roca qalaqs isev derpti erqva. ibadeba meore kiTxvac, ratom
mainc da mainc 1892 weli? 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi SeiZleba igulisxmebodes
1890 weli da 1891 welic! am kiTxvaze pasuxobs Tavad mogonebis avtori, roca
ambobs, rom `akakis `ganTiadi~ mxolod Semdegi wlis 3 ianvars gamoqveynda
giorgi wereTlis `kvalSi~. es Semdegi weli ki 1893 welia. iq, im dRes ki
sajarod pirvelad moswyda is akakis bages...~ ase, rom al. Satilovis mogonebis
mixedviT akakis `ganTiadi~ pirvelad sajarod 1892 wlis mariamobis dRe-
saswaulze waukiTxavs. dimitri yifianis saflavTan ki poets warmouTqvams
leqsi `qarTveli ucxoeTSi~ movusminoT daviT daviTaSvils, romelic
dawvrilebiT aRwers yifianis dakrZalvis process: ~...xalxi moeloda, rom
micvalebuls Caasvenebdnen SeuCerebliv, ... gamovida akaki sityviT, proziT
daiwyo da leqsiT daaTava. leqsis im adgilas, sadac iyo naTqvami:

`qva dahkres
Tavi gaupes da spetak wverze wveT-wveTad
sisxlsa afrqvevda mduRares~,

_ xalxma ise amoixvneSa, rom gul-gvami Tan amoayola (jologua 2007: 176).
albaT, am leqss gulisxmobda dimitri yifianis damkrZalavi komisiis
Tavmjdomare eqvTime TayaiSvili, romelic igonebs: `saflavze pirveli sityva
warmoTqva akaki wereTelma, romelmac dimitri yifiani gamoacxada saqarTvelod
meore dimitri Tavdadebulad da, ra Tqma unda, didi STabeWdileba moaxdina, is
mSvenieri leqsi roma aqvs~ ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto~ maSin ar uTqvams, mere
dawera dimitri yifians ki gulisxmobda Sig~ (TayaiSvili 1962: 242-243).
niko nikolaZis qaliSvils akaki pirvelad 1893 wlis 25 aprils unaxavs
(nikoloz baraTaSvilis neStis gadmosvenebis dRes): ra mSvenieri dilaa uTxra
mamaCemma bebiaCems da wamoiZaxa sixaruliT: `ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto~... sul
ramdenime Tve iyo, rac aRtacebulma giorgi wereTelma pirvelad moutana mamas
akakis es axali leqsi dawerili `kvalis~ saaRlumo nomrisTvis (da dimitri
yifianis saflavisTvis)... aqamde maxsovs, ra aRtacebaSi moiyvana am leqsma mTeli
Cveni ojaxi, agreTve yvela Cveni stumaric. saTauri `ganTiadi~ specialuri
mniSvnelobiT iyo SerCeuli da leqsi aliviT moedo imdroindel qarTvel
sazogadoebas~ (baramiZe... 1990: 341)
amrigad, zemoT moxmobili yvela dokumenturi wyarosa da amave dros, al.
Satilovis mogonebis gaTvaliswinebiT `ganTiadis~ SemoqmedebiTi istoria
mokled ase warmogvidgeba. akaki didxans atarebda gulSi dimitri yifianis
veraguli mkvlelobiT gamowveul tkivils. man gansvenebulis cxedarTan Sesa-
niSnavi sityva warmoTqva da 1888 wels leqsic miuZRvna mis xsovnas, saTauriT:
`qarTveli ucxoeTSi~. magram, rogorc Cans, poetma bolomde mainc ver amoTqva
guliswuxili, rac kvlavac ar asvenebda mis gonebas. 1892 wels ki mariamobis im
dRes, abduSeliSvilebTan lxinze Seqmnilma saerTo ganwyobam biZgi misca,
poetis wylulmac piri gaixsna da amdeni xnis naduRi tkivili didebul leqsad
gadmoiRvara. amasTan dakavSirebiT gvaxsendeba erTi patara mogoneba akakis
Tanamedrovis, saCxereli poetis guca farqosaZisa, roca poetisaTvis ukiTxavT:
`ase ucbaT, batono akaki rogor dawereT amxela da ase mSvenieri poema?
(igulisxmeba `raWa-leCxumi~) – ymawvilo, enadarbaislobs mgosani, deda Tavis
nayofs cxra Tves atarebs mucliT, magram SobiT mas zogjer ramdenime saaTSi
Sobs. asea am poemis da sxva Cemi poemebis saqmec. zog maTgans karga xans
vatareb TavSi, xolo rom momwifdeba, mere ucbad gadamaqvs qaRaldze~
(baramiZe... 1990).
ara mgonia amaze ufro STambeWdavad da damajereblad vinmem axsnas
`ganTiadis~ Seqmnis procesi. davamatebT mxolod imas, rom, rogorc Cans, 1892
wlis mariamobis dRes eqspromtad naTqvami leqsi poetma kvlav gadaamuSava,
daxvewa da ukarnaxa kiriles, romelmac Caiwera leqsi da aswora poetis nebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. amaze metyvelebs Q-953 xelnaweri da Semdeg sufTad
gadawerili leqsi krebul `salamurisaTvis~ gadasca kirile lorTqifaniZes,
romelmac mxolod organ Caaswora zmnis forma (aslSi, ra Tqma unda!):
momegeben||momegebnen da movhkvdebi||movkvdebi. Semdeg, ki rogorc vwerdiT, radgan
`salamuris~ gamosvla Zalian dagvianda, akakim 1893 wlis axali wlis dReebSi
Jurn.~kvalis~ # 1-Si gamoaqveyna `ganTiadi~.
amrigad, Cven mier warmodgenili dokumenturi masalis: `ganTiadis~ Q-953
avtorizebuli xelnaweris, akakis leqsTa krebul `salamuris~ gamocemis isto-
riisa da al. Satilovis, eqvTime TayaiSvilis, daviT daviTaSvilis, rusudan
nikolaZis mogonebaTa mixedviT, agreTve, dRemde gamovlenili yvela sxva
mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom akakis `ganTiadi~
dawerilia 1892 wlis Semodgomaze agvisto-dekemberSi, xolo kiTxva: Tu vis
miuZRvna poetma es Sedevri, vfiqrobT, am mogonebebis gacnobis Semdeg aRar
unda daibados!