1. On the summit of Mt.

Everest, where the barometric pressure is about 250 mm Hg,

the partial pressure of O2 is about
A. 0.1 mm Hg.
B. 0.5 mm Hg.
C. 5 mm Hg.
D. 50 mm Hg.
E. 100 mm Hg.
2. The tidal volume is
A. The amount of air that normally moves into (or out of) the lung with each
respiration.
B. The amount of air that enters the lung but does not participate in gas exchange.
C. The largest amount of air expired after maximal expiratory effort.
D. The largest amount of gas that can be moved into and out of the lungs in 1 min.

E. None of the above.

3. The following are non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract except:
A. Vocalization
B Olfaction
C Secretion of melanin
D. Regulation of water balance
E. Regulation of acid-base balance
4. Which of the following best describes vital capacity?
A. It is the most important determinant of lung function

B. It is the volume of extra air inhaled in a healthy person

C. It is the sum of all the lung volumes
D. It is maximum volume of air exhaled after maximum inspiration
E. It is the maximum volume of air inspired over and above the tidal volume
5. The rate of diffusion across the respiratory membrane is affected by the following
factors except:
A. Thickness of the membrane
B. Surface area of the membrane
C. Pressure gradient across the membrane
D Diffusion coefficient of the gases
E. Respiratory effort
6. What is the major difference between quiet breathing and forced breathing?
A. Forced breathing occurs only in disease conditions
B. Forced breathing requires the use of accessory respiratory muscles, but not in quite
breathing
C. Quiet breathing requires no conscious effort, but forced breathing does

D. All of above
E. None of the above
7. Forced expiration is achieved by:
A. Rectus abdominis
B. Internal intercostals
 C. External intercostals
D. Serratus anterior
E. Sternomastoid
8. What is the goal of respiration?
A. Extraction of oxygen from the atmosphere
B. Expulsion of carbon dioxide
C. Generation of energy in the form of ATP
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
9. Which of the following best describes pulmonary compliance?
A. It is the measure of the distensibility of the lungs and chest wall

B. It is the measure of the tendency of the lungs to collapse

C. It is a determinant of the work of breathing

D. It is a measure of the susceptibility of the lungs to disease

E. It is a measure of the dry weight of the pulmonary tissues

10. Aerobic respiration yields the following EXCEPT:
A. Water
B. CO2
C. Lactic acid
D. All of the above
E. 2900KJ of energy
11. Which of the following statements are FALSE?
A. The Anatomic Dead Space has a volume of 150mls
B. The combination of the physiological dead space
and anatomical dead space is known as Total Dead
space
C. The sum of the anatomical and alveolar dead spaces is
known as the Physiological Dead Space.
D The Alveoar Dead Space may be greater than the
Anatomical Dead Space .
E. The anatomical dead space is the conducting zone
12. At rest, adequate ventilation can be maintained by
the following EXCEPT:
A. External intercostal muscle.
B. Internal intercostal muscle.
C. The diaphragm.
D. Stenocledomastoid.
E. The entire above
13. The following are instruments used in the assessment
of pulmonary function:
A. Tracheogram
B. Vitalograph
C. Spirograph
 D. Westergren apparatus
E. Vitalometer
14. Concerning surfactant:
A. is a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
(DPPC), other lipids, and proteins
B. its production begins immediately after birth
is produced by type I alveolar epithelial cells
C. Surfactant deficiency is an important cause of adult respiratory distress syndrome
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
15. Which of the following factors do NOT affect
pulmonary blood flow?:
A. Venous return
B. Force of heart contraction
C. Gender
D. Gravity
E. Vascular resistance
16. A pump that ventilates the lungs consists of the
following EXCEPT:
A. The chest wall
B. The respiratory muscles
C. Areas in the brain that control the muscles
D. Tracts or nerves that connect the brain to the muscles
E. The heart
17. During quiet inspiration:
A. The volume of the chest increases
B. The intra-pleural pressure becomes less negative
C. The intra-alveolar pressure rises above atmospheric
D. The abdominal muscles contract
E. There is flaring of the alae nasi
18. During forced expiration:
A. Expiration occurs passively
B. There is contraction of the external intercostals muscles
C. The ribs are elevated
D. There is contraction of abdominal muscles
E. None of the above
19. Surfactant:
A. Increases the surface tension of the fluid lining the
alveoli
B. Increases by inhalation of 100% oxygen
C. Increases lung compliance
D. Is increased in premature babies
E, Can also be produced in extrapulmonary tissues
20. The functional residual capacity equals:
A. 500 ml
B. 2300 ml
 C. 3000 ml
D. 5800 ml
E. 1200 ml
21. The Respiratory membrane has ____ layers?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
e) 9
22. Which is not a layer of the respiratory membrane
a) Fluid lining the trachea
b) Alveolar epithelium
c) Alveolar epithelial basement membrane
d) Interstitial space
e) Pulmonary capillary basement membrane
23. Total surface area of Respiratory membrane in Physiologic man
a) 0.7 meters2
b) 0.2 meters2
c) 70 meters2
d) 20 meters2
e) 4 meters2
24. Factors that affect diffusion across respiratory membrane include
a) Solubility of the gas in question
b) Total surface area of the Respiratory Membrane
c) Molecular weight of the gas
d) Thickness of the Respiratory Membrane
e) All of the above
25. At sea level, the Partial pressure of Oxygen in alveolar air of healthy subject is about
a) 40 mmHg
b) 104 mmHg
c) 20 mmHg
d) 64 mmHg
e) 760 mmHg
26. Concerning Haldane effect,
a) same as Bohr effect
b) same as Chloride shift
c) occurs in tissue
d) occurs in lungs
e) Is not beneficial to man
27. Concerning transport of Oxygen in blood
a) Majorly in dissolved state in plasma
b) Little quantity transported by Hemoglobin
c) Transported bound irreversibly to Hemoglobin
d) Oxygen binds to Hemoglobin in an oxidation reaction
e) None of above
28. Hemoglobin Oxygen saturation (SpO2) best compatible with life:
a) 20 – 30 %
b) 40 – 46 %
c) 30 – 46 %
d) 46 – 64 %
e) 88 – 98 %
29. Factors that shift Oxyhemoglobin curve to right include, except
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Hb F
c) Hb S
d) Increased hydrogen ion in ECF
e) Increased body temperature
30. Concerning Carbon monoxide
a) Poisonous at high doses
b) Poisonous at low doses
c) Has higher affinity for Hemoglobin than Oxygen
d) B is correct
e) All are correct