Lami’s Theorem

Lami’s Theorem states that if three coplanar forces acting at a point be in equilibrium,
then each force is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two. It is an
important concept in the GATE CE syllabus. According to Lami's theorem, if forces are
in equilibrium, as shown in the image, then they will be related to each other with the sin
of the angle formed between them.

where A, B & C are the Coplanar forces acting at a point.

Lami’s Theorem Formula

Lami’s Theorem is related to magnitudes of concurrent, coplanar, and non-collinear
forces that help to keep a body or an object in static equilibrium. The theorem is very
useful in analyzing most mechanical and structural systems, and various MCQ-based
questions are formulated based on this in the GATE question paper. Lami's theorem
formula for three forces is:

P/sinα = Q/sinβ = R/sinγ

Where P, Q, and R are the Coplanar Forces acting at a point.

Lami’s Theorem Proof and Derivation

Now, let us see how we can state and prove Lami’s Theorem. This theorem can be
obtained by applying the sine rule for triangles. The proof can be checked and
understood well for adequate preparation for the GATE exam. Consider three Coplanar
Forces, P, Q, and R, in equilibrium acting at a point ‘O’ as shown. Now, refer to the
figure below.

• Complete the parallelogram OACB with OA and OB as shown.

• Diagonal OC represents the resultant of two forces, P and Q.

Since these forces are in equilibrium, the resultant of the forces P and Q must be in line
with OD and equal to R but in the opposite direction.

OA = P

OB = Q

OC = R

Now, α + β + γ= 360°

Angle AOC = 180° – β

Angle COB = 180° – α

Angle ACO = 180° – α (As AC is parallel to OB)

In Triangle AOC,

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

∠A + (180°-β) + (180°-α) =180°

∠A = α + β -180° ……………………………. (i)

We know that,

α + β + γ= 360°
α + β = 360° – γ

Now, in equation (i), replacing α + β by 360° –γ, we get,

∠A = 360° – γ-180°

∠A = 180° – γ

Consider Triangle AOC,

Applying Sine Rule, we get,

Limitations of Lami’s Theorem

Lami’s Theorem, though very useful, has its own limitations. As we all know, this
theorem has been derived from Sine Rule for triangles; all the limitations of the Sine
Rule are automatically liable to this theorem. A few limitations of Lami’s Theorem are
listed below:

• It is applicable only if the body is in the State of Equilibrium of concurrent forces.

• It is not applicable for more or less than Three Concurrent Forces, which are
coplanar force systems.
• It does not apply to Parallel or Non-Concurrent Force systems.
• It does not apply to Non-Coplanar Forces.

Lami’s Theorem Questions

Let us see a few of Lami's theorem questions to understand how to apply Lami's
theorem in problems:

Question 1: A vehicle is pulled utilizing two ropes, as shown in the figure below. If the
resultant pull is 1200N, find the angle and the force F. (Ans - angle = 30°, F = 1.98 kN)

Question 2: If the resultant of Force F and 70N is R = 50kN, as shown in the figure
below, find force ‘F.’ (Ans – 80N)