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Characteristic Curves
Characteristic Curves
Dr. A. Oyieke
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All the above factors can be determined from tests at different flow
rates and pump speeds and plotted on graphs known as Pump
curves
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H (m)
HSys
A
HW
HStat
Pump curve
Efficiency
QW Q (m3/s)
vd 2
Hsys = Hstat + Hf + (1)
2g
Q Q vd 2 16Q 2 8Q 2
Vd = = ⇔ = = (3)
A πd 2 /4 2g π 2 d 4 2g π2d 4g
fQ 2 (Ls + Ld ) 8Q 2
Hsys = Hstat + + (4)
3.03d 5 π2d 4g
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Now plot Q vs H and note the working point and take the
corresponding readings.
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45
H (m) Hsys
40
35
Hw
30
Hpum p
25
20
15
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Qw
3
Q (m /s)
Qw ≈ 0.21 m3 /s and Hw ≈ 32 m
∴ Discharge = 0.21 × 60 × 60 = 756 m3 /h.
NOTE: If the suction and delivery pipe diameters are NOT equal,
then you have to calculate Hfs and Hfd separately Logo
H (m)
η (%)
HSys
B W
HW
A
HStat Single `
C 2 pumps in
pump
D parallel
Efficiency
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QW/2 QW
Q (m3/s)
Dr. A. Oyieke Hydraulic Machines III
Pumps in series
⇒ The working point is W from which we read the Qw and Hw .
⇒ Equivalent efficiency of each pump while working in parallel is
ηC
⇒ Efficiency that would be achieved by a single pump at working
point A is ηD
Pumps in Series
⇒ By connecting a second pump in series with the first;
the total pressure head delivered by the two pumps (H) is
given by the sum of the two individual pump pressure heads.
the flow rate (Q) remains unchanged.
⇒ Pumps are connected in series if;
the system pressure head is too high for a single pump
the pipe pressure needs to be distributed more evenly (booster
pumps) Logo
H (m)
HSys
W
HW
A+B { 2inpumps
series
HB
HStat
Pump B
HA
Pump A
QW Q (m3/s)
Example 2
Test data for a pump yielded the following
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45 90
hwb
40 80 hwa
hwc
35 70
Hsy s
H (m) 30 60
h (%)
Hc C
25 50
B
Hb
Ha 20 40
A
15 30
HP
10 h 20
HS
5 10
H
0 0
0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08
Qwa Qwb Qwc 3
Q (m /s)
Example 3
A centrifugal pump running at 1000 rpm gave the following data;
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Vd 2
Hsys = Hstat + Hf +
2g
HS
Design point
X Hfs
V2pf/2g NPSH = V2pf/2g + ΔHp
ΔHp
H(stat + dyn) flange NPSH = HS,flange + V2pf/2g - ΔHvapor
HS,flange
Hvapour
v 2 pf
Hatm − Hs − Hfs − + ∆Hp − Hvapour = 0 (8)
2g
v 2 pf
But 2g + ∆Hp = NPSH Hence;
v 2 pf
Hflange = (Hatm − Hs − Hfs ) − (11)
2g
v 2 pf
∴ NPSH = Hflange + − Hvapour (12)
2g
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HS
Design point
X
Hfs
V2pf/2g
NPSH
NPSH required
available ΔHp
Hadditional
Hvapour
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Solution
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Solution