Physics 12 Data Sheet

Fundamental Constants and Physical Data

Gravitational constant............................................................................................ G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2 / kg2

Constant in Coulomb’s Law.................................................................................... k = 9.00 x 10 9 Nm2 / C2
Elementary charge................................................................................................. e = 1.60 x 10 -19 C
Mass of electron ................................................................................................... me = 9.11 x 10 -31 kg
Mass of proton ..................................................................................................... mp = 1.67 x 10 -27 kg
Permeability of free space ................................................................................... μo = 4π x 10 -7 T m / A
Speed of light........................................................................................................ c = 3.00 x 10 -8 m/s

Earth
radius .................................................................................................................. = 6.38 x 10 6 m
mass .................................................................................................................... = 5.98 x 10 24 kg
acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earth
(for the purposes of this examination) .....................................................g = 9.80m/s2
period of rotation.................................................................................................. = 8.61 x 10 4 s
radius of orbit around Sun ................................................................................... = 1.50 x 10 11 m
period of orbit around Sun.....................................................................................= 3.16 x 10 7 s

Moon
radius .................................................................................................................. = 1.74 x 10 6 m
mass .................................................................................................................... = 7.35 x 10 22 kg
period of rotation................................................................................................. = 2.36 x 10 6 s
radius of orbit around Earth................................................................................. = 3.84 x 10 8 m
period of orbit around Earth................................................................................ = 2.36 x 10 6 s

Sun

mass ...................................................................................................... = 1.98 x 10 30 kg

Mathematical Formulae
 Physics Formulae

Kinematics Electric Circuits

𝑑 = 𝑣⃗𝑡 𝛥𝑣 vf 2= vi 2 + 2ad Q = Ne 𝑄 𝛥𝐸
𝑎= 𝐼= 𝑉=
𝛥𝑡 ∆𝑡 𝑄
1 vf = vi + at d=vavgt
d = vit + 2 at2
V = IR P = VI

Dynamics
Fg = mg Fnet = ma Ffr = μFN
Waves
1 v=f𝜆
T=𝑓

Work, Energy, and Power Electromagnetism

W = Fd W = ΔE Ep = mgh
𝐹 = 𝐵𝐼𝑙 F = QvB
1 𝑤 𝛥𝐸 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
Ek = 2 mv2 p = 𝛥𝑡 = eff = = ℰ = 𝐵𝑙𝑣 Φ = BA
𝛥𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑖𝑛

𝑉𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝐼𝑝
Momentum 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 = ℇ − 𝐼𝑟 = =
𝑉𝑝 𝑁𝑝 𝐼𝑠
p=mv ∆𝑝 = 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝛥𝑡 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝛥𝑡 = 𝑚 𝛥𝑣

Special Relativity
Equilibrium 𝑡0 𝑚0
𝑡= 𝑚= 𝑣2
= Fd 2
√1 − 𝑣 2
2
√1 − 𝑣 2 𝑙 = 𝑙0 √1 −
𝑐 𝑐2
𝑐

Circular Motion 𝑣1 + 𝑣2
1
𝑣𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑣 𝑣
𝑣2 4𝜋2 𝑟 E= mc2 1 + 1 22
T=𝑓 ac = = 𝑐
𝑟 𝑇2

Gravitation
𝑚1 𝑚2 𝑚1 𝑚2 Quantum Mechanics
Fg = G Ep = -G ℎ𝑐
𝑟2 𝑟2 E = nhf E = 1240 eVnm
E = hf = 𝜆
Electrostatics λ
𝑄1 𝑄2 𝐹
F= 𝑘 𝐸= W=hfo hf = KEmax + W ℎ𝑓 ℎ
𝑟2 𝑝= =
𝑄 𝑐 𝜆
ℎ𝑣 ℎ
𝜆= 2
=
𝑘𝑄 𝛥𝐸𝑝 𝛥𝑉 𝑚𝑣 𝑚𝑣 ℎ
𝐸= 𝛥𝑣 = 𝐸= 𝑥 𝑝 ≥
𝑟2 𝑄 𝑑 4𝜋

𝐸𝑝 = k
𝑄1 𝑄2 𝑘𝑄 R(T) = 𝜎𝑇 4
𝑟 𝑉=
𝑟