Geopolitics:

Geoeconomics: today if you are strong geoeconomically, it means

you are strong.
Globalization: COVID-19 spread across the world due to
globalization.
De-globalization:
Strategic partner: countries they have similar interests.
Artificial intelligence: it means to invent such machines that behave
or work like humans/ Artificial intelligence can cause a machine to
work/think like human. Computer is a machine. Robotical surgical
machines, driverless cars, robots can defuse boms instead of
humans.

Changing world order and Pakistan's foreign policy: at the end

Foreign direct investment: investment in a country from foreign

such as foreign countries invest in other countries.

GDP: value of final goods and services, it includes investments,

exports --imports, consumption, expenditure of govt.

CPEC: CPEC is the sub-project of BRI and BRI is a project. Before,

CPEC China used to trade with Africa, and  Europe,  through South
China Sea, Strait of Malacca, Indian Ocean, Arabian sea etc, still this
route is operational. This route is long and not safe: CPEC goes
through Gilgit, Kpk, Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan, Gwader port, :
CPEC connect China to Middle East and Africa. CPEC connects
China to Gulf from where China imports oil. China imports mineral
raw materials from Africa. Minerals are necessary for Chinese
industries:  There is a huge investment in CPEC. Gulf countries are
in Middle East such as Iran, Bahrain, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait etc
Middle East is in Asia and Africa:
BRI: Belt and Road Initiative
Project
Through BRI China grants loans to developing countries as well.
The Belt and Road Initiative, known within China as the One Belt
One Road or OBOR for short, is a global infrastructure
development strategy adopted by the Chinese government in 2013
to invest in more than 150 countries and international
organizations. BRI location, Asia, Africa and Europe.  Old name is
BRI is One Belt One Road (OBOR).  Belt means land connection and
road means maritime connection. BRI was formed in 2013. BRI
covers 30% GDP of the world. Land area of BRI is called economic
belt and maritime area is called Maritime Silk Road. BRI main focus
is International trade, infrastructure development and financial
investments. BRI has six economic corridors and CPEC is one of
the economic corridors.

Indo-Pacific region:  The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region

of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West
Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the
Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas
connecting the two south China sea, strait of Harmuz, strait of
Malacca etc in it.

South China Sea: 

As China builds islands in the middle of the South China Sea, once
underwater reefs have become sandy islands with airfields, roads,
buildings, and bases for missile systems. In less than two years,
China has turned seven reefs into seven military bases, making the
South China Sea one of the most contentious areas of sea in the
world. 10% of the world’s fishery resources. Even more
importantly, roughly 30% of the global maritime trade passes
through the South China Sea on its way to the highly trafficked
ports in Southeast Asia. The conflict among the states the
Philippines, Vietnam, China, Brunei, Taiwan, and Malaysia, has
remained unresolved for decades. China currently claims over 80
percent of the islands, while Vietnam claims entire sovereignty
over the Paracels and Spratly Islands. The reasons for the conflict:
First and foremost, the natural resources of the region are a very
distinctive feature of the South China Sea, which is, in fact, a very
rich area from this point of view, owing to its very extensive
continental shelf, its relatively shallow waters, the contribution of
several fast-flowing rivers, and also its great biodiversity. Another
issue, just as vital, is the geostrategic situation of the disputed
area. The gateway to the strait of Malacca and the port of
Singapore, on one of the world’s most important merchant shipping
routes, a stranglehold on the Paracels and the Spratlys islands also
ensures control over the supply of the economies of Northeast
Asia. Moreover, for the countries around it, the South China Sea is
the primary source of food, accounting for 8% of the world’s total
commercial fishery production, and is responsible for feeding many
of today’s most populous nations, from Pakistan’s 226 million
people to China’s 1.4 billion citizens. Reef means a ridge of jagged
rock, coral, or sand just above or below the surface of the sea.
Maritime means connected with the sea.  Shale oil reserves are in
South China sea. China's 80% trade passes through strait of
Malacca annually. Us tries to contain China in south China sea. If the
US blocks strait of Malacca, through CPEC China can import oil
from Middle East and can trade with Africa. disputes over the
ownership of its many small islands, reefs, atolls, and rocks among
China and several nearby Southeast Asian states (including one
United States ally, the Philippines) are generating tensions that
could result in conflict and instability; and 3) Beijing could
eventually use its growing influence in the area to create a sphere
of influence detrimental to United States interests. China has
constructed artificial islands in South China sea as well. Further,
China has positioned surface to surface missiles in islands of South
China sea. South China sea is the busiest sea route. To protect its
allies, the US sent its military in South China sea. Parcels Island
control by Chin and claim by phillipnes.

Quad: pronunciation Kuhaad:

The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, commonly known as the Quad,
is a military alliance  between Australia, India, Japan and the United
to counter China in Indo-Pacific region. Quad was established in
2007: Actually, Quad is a military alliance, but Quad countries don't
clam: Quad countries support militarily Phillipne, Indonesia, Vietnam,
Taiwan to counter China in south China sea: USA wants to expand
its influence to Indo-Pacific region through Quad because US's only
interest is not to contain Chin but also expand influence in
Indo-Pacific region through Quad: US also wants to expand its
economic interest to Indo-Pacific region through Quad: India's
interest is to counter Chinese threats in Indian Ocean through Quad:
India thinks that it can expand its influence or make hegemony in
Indo-Pacific region through Quad: Australia's interest to join Quad is
to counter China's influence in Indo-Pacific region because in
Indo-Pacific region there are islands of Australia. Australia also
joined Quad because of US. Australia joined Quad because Australia
thinks that growing influence of China in the Indo-Pacific region is a
threat to Australia: Japan Joined China because from China there
are economic threats to Japan. Japan has a lot of interests with
US as well, so it joined Quad:
Aukus:Aukus, is a trilateral security pact between Australia, the
United Kingdom, and the United States, announced on 15
September 2021 for the Indo-Pacific region.[1][2] Under the pact,
the US and the UK will assist Australia in acquiring nuclear-powered
submarines. Aukus agreement means to provide nuclear submarines
and related technology to Australia by US and Uk: Main purpose of
Aukus is to contain China in Indo-Pacific region as common
objective of three states UK, US and Australia. Aukus will help
Australia to contain China in Indo-Pacific region and Aukus will try
to contain China in South China sea as well. Chinese officials called
this agreement as irresponsible alliance. China will become more
strong in Indo-Pacific region, particularly in South China sea.
ASEAN states such as Indonesia and Malaysia reacted to this
agreement and claimed that this agreement will escalate nuclear
weapons in the Indo-Pacific region. However, philliphine supported
this agreement. The threat to this agreement is to nuclear
non-proliferation treaty because this agreement will increase
nuclear weapons the region. Australia is a signatory of
non-proliferation treaty. However, Australia joined this alliance. Iran
claimed that if Australia is becoming so powerful in the region, why
sanctions on Iran nuclear program. This agreement can trigger
nuclear arm race in the region. This agreement will have a lof of
implications on the region and on the world.
String of pearls:
Sabang port:

Gulf states:
Renewable energy sources:
What is the Cuban Missile crisis:
What is populism?
Isis:
I2U2:
Hamas:
Heboullah:
What is digitalisation?
What is cold war?
What are proxy wars?
Traditional and non traditional security threats:
What is IT?
What are hydrocarbons?
Daesh:
Hindutva:
RSS:
Iranian Revolution 1979:
Palestine issue:
Middle East crisis:
Yemen crisis:
NFC Award:
Strait of Hormuz:Strait of Hormuz is a strait between the Persian
Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. It provides the only sea passage from
the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most
strategically important choke points.[1] On the north coast lies
Iran, and on the south coast lies the Musandam peninsula, shared by
the United Arab Emirates and Musandam Governorate, an exclave
of Oman.  The Strait of Hormuz is the world’s single most
important oil passageway, forming a chokepoint between the
Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. The 39km strait is the only
route to the open ocean for over one-sixth of global oil production
and one-third of the world’s liquified natural gas (LNG). Strait of
Harmuz connects Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. 8 Gulf countries
have 50% oil of world and 40% natural gas reserves. Therefore,
Middle East is famous for oil and gas. The world's 15% energy
supply comes from Persian Gulf/ Gulf countries. China imports 45%
oil through strait of Harmuz. India imports 70% oil and 50% gas
through strait of Harmuz from Gulf countries. South Korea is
imports 70% oil from Gulf countries through strait of Hormuz.
Strait of Harmuz is the most important checkpoint in the world.
Therefore, the US has a lof of military bases in Oman, UAE, Saudi
Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar so that Iran cannot control strait of Harmuz.
If Iran controls strait of Harmuz, it means third world war can start.

Strait of Malacca: China's 80% trade passes through strait of

Malacca annually. Strait is a route of water in the sea.
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water, 500 mi long and
from 40 to 155 mi wide, between the Malay Peninsula to the
northeast and the Indonesian island of Sumatra to the southwest,
connecting the Andaman Sea and the South China Sea. If the US
blocks Malacca strait, the alternative route for China to trade with
Africa and Middle East is CPEC. The US has tried to counter China
in South China sea, but the US has failed so far to counter China in
South China sea.

String of pearls: The term refers to the network of Chinese military

and commercial facilities and relationships along its sea lines of
communication, which extend from the Chinese mainland to Port
Sudan in the Horn of Africa. The sea lines run through several major
maritime choke points such as the Strait of Mandeb, the Strait of
Malacca, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Lombok Strait as well as
other strategic maritime centres in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh,
the Maldives, and Somalia. Many commentators in India believe this
plan, together with the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor and
other parts of China's Belt and Road Initiative under Chinese
Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping, is a threat to India's
national security.[2][3] Such a system would encircle India[2] and
threaten its power projection, trade, and potentially territorial
integrity.[4] Furthermore, China's support for India's traditional
enemy of Pakistan and its Gwadar Port is viewed as a threat,
compounded by fears that China may develop an overseas naval
military base in Gwadar,[2] which could allow China to conduct
expeditionary warfare in the Indian Ocean Region. What are the
implications of the String of Pearl’s doctrine?
Defence analysts believe that this doctrine along with initiatives
like the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor and other parts of
China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative, is a threat to India’s
national security. This as such a system would encircle India and
threaten its power projection, trade, and potentially territorial
integrity.

Read in detail about the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

on the linked page.

Impact of String of Pearls on India:

It endangers Indian maritime security. China is developing more

firepower with more submarines, destroyers, vessels, and ships.
Their presence will pose a threat to India’s security through the
water.
Impact on the Indian economy – Indian resources will be diverted
towards defense and security. Thus, the economy will not reach its
potential hampering economic growth. This may further lead to
instability in India and the whole east and southeast region.
The strategic clout of India which it enjoys today in the Indian
ocean will be reduced. China doesn’t have any openings in the Indian
ocean, the Strings of pearls will lead to China surrounding India and
it will be able to dominate it. Countries that today consider India as
a partner in response to China may end up in the lap of China.  How
has India Responded to the String of Pearl’s Doctrine so Far?
India is using a multi-pronged strategy to counter the Chinese
String of Pearls Strategy. The strategy involves building ports,
extensive Coastal Surveillance Radar (CSR) systems to track
Chinese Warships and Submarines, importing state of the art
surveillance planes which can track down Chinese submarines,
operating Airport in the neighbouring country to keep a check on
the Port built by China, deepening defence ties, expanding bilateral
relations with South Asian countries, Island nations in Indian Ocean
region, Southeast Asian Nations and carrying out regular military
exercises with navies of USA, Japan, Australia.
China built the base military base in the Indian Ocean in 2007 in
Djibouti:
The Hambantota International Port is a deep water port in
Hambantota, Sri Lanka, which has been leased to China on a 99-year
lease. Opened in 2010, it is Sri Lanka's second largest port, after
Colombo. In 2020, the port handled 1.8 million tonnes of cargo.
Construction of the port commenced in January 2008.
Bangladesh granted access to China to Chittagang and Mongla
port in 2019:
China has been building a military base in coco island which is the
most important island of myrmmar/Burma:
China has set up military base 12 KM away from Wakhan border in
north of India:
India's necklace of diamond strategy/countering China's
encirclement/ string of pearls policy:
. Indian navy has access to changi naval base of Singapore in 2018:
. Indonesia has granted access to India to sabang port for military
purposes in 2018:
. India has military access to Oman's port to counter China and
Pakistani port:
.

Some of the important actions that are undertaken by India to

counter the Chinese Navy and its influence in South Asia and the
Indian Ocean Region are listed below.

India’s Act East Policy, which was launched as an effort to

integrate India’s economy with South-East Asian nations. It has
been used to make important military and strategic agreements
with Vietnam, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, Indonesia,
Singapore, and Thailand helping India to counter China. Know more
about India’s ACT East Policy in detail on the page link provided
here.
Building & Accessing Ports –
India is developing Chabahar port in Iran, opening a new land-sea
route to Central Asian countries by-passing Pakistan. It is
strategically located close to the Chinese Gwadar Port in Pakistan
and is close to the Strait of Hormuz. Chhabahar gives India a
strategic position since it overlooks the Gulf of Oman, a very
strategic oil supply route.
Indonesia – India is building a deep-sea Port in Indonesia, a place
named Sabang. It has strategic significance as it is close to the
Strait of Malacca and India’s Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Myanmar – India built a deep water port in Sittwe in 2016.
Bangladesh – India would help Bangladesh modernize Sea Port in
Mongla. India can also use the Chittagong port in Bangladesh.
Oman – India has signed agreements to access strategically
located Naval facilities of Oman. This facility is close to the Strait
of Hormuz. More than 30% of oil exports pass through the Strait
of Hormuz.
Singapore – India has signed an agreement to access Changi Naval
Base of Singapore, which is strategically located close to the
Strait of Malacca. The port of Chabahar is located on the Makran
coast of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, next to the Gulf of Oman
and at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz. It is the only Iranian port
with direct access to the Indian Ocean. Being close to Afghanistan
and the Central Asian countries of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and
others, it has been termed the "Golden Gate" to these landlocked
countries.[16] . Chahabar port is 170 KM away from Gawader port.
Though Chahabar port India can access to Afghanistan and central
Asian countries.  Indonesia gives military access to India in Sabang
port which is near to strait of Malacca:  Bangladesh offered
Chittagang port to India to use:

B3W: Build Back Better World (B3W) is an initiative undertaken by

the G7. Launched on June 12, 2021, it would provide an alternative
to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for infrastructure
development of low- and middle-income countries especially in
Asia, Africa, Latin America for infrastructure development. Build
Back Better World. Abbreviation. The international Group of Seven
(G7) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada,
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United
States.
Features of B3W: B3W's vision is a multilateral and BRI vision is
one of China. B3W comes from capalist countries so it will
enhance private market driven initiative. B3W focus is on
socioeconomic infrastructure investment. In contrast, BRIs focus
is on critical infrastructure. The main focus of B3W is on health,
climate, clean energy. BRI's main focus is one projects such as
railways, ports, roads etc . B3W focus is also of western values.
No value focus of BRI. B3W means containment of China.
Resultantly, BRI means to harm US containment of China.
Challenges to B3W:
. Can world trust US because how were policies of Trump
Adminstration and US has always been self-interest country.
. Will those countries abandon BRI to be part of B3W as Pakistan is
part of BRI and Pakistan will not be interested to be part of B3W.
Palestine issue: Palestine is a state. Hitler killed 6 million Jews
during World war 2, so many Jews came to settle in Palestine.
. Palestine is consists of Gaza and West Bank. Israeli has occupied
some Territories of West Bank as well. Israelis has settled in West
Bank as well. The Gaza Strip and the West Bank are two Palestinian
territories that were part of Mandate Palestine and were captured
by Israel during the Six-Day War in 1967. There are over 5 million
Palestinians combined living in the two territories. Palestine area is
6000 sq2, but Israel area is 20000 sq2.
. Hamas is a militant, Sunni Muslim organisation which is in Gaza and
Hamas is fighting for the rights of Palestinians against Israel.
. Israeli has killed many innocent Palestinians in West Bank.
UN partitioned land and 34% population of Jews received 55%
land. It was unfair with Palestinians.
. Israeli declared it independent state.
. Arab countries such as Jordan, Egypt,  Saudi rejected it. Syria and
Lebanon rejected its independence as well.
. In 1948 first attack was carried out by Arab countries such as 
Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and Iraq attacked Israel in 1948.
Consequently, Israel defeated them and occupied their territories.
. Second attack in 1967 was carried out by Israel and defeated
Syria, Jordan and Egypt and occupied their territories.
. After 1967 Egypt and Jordan recognised Israel because of peace
initiative agreement.
. Jerusalem that has been venerated as a holy site in Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam for thousands of years. The Temple Mount is
the holiest site in Judaism. The Temple Mount is situated in
Jerusalem. Al-Aqsa mosque is also in Jerusalem. Therefore, Israel
and Palestine claim Jerusalem their capital. Muslims first Kaaba is
Al-Aqsa which is situated in Jerusalem.
. Israeli ordered to demolish homes of Muslims in East Jerusalem
in Ramzaan.
. West Jerusalem is controlled by Israel.

. In 2019 US officially recognised Jerusalem capital of Israel.

Palestine demands:
. Separate Palestinian state, but according to 1967 borders.
. Palestinians claim that East Jerusalem should be given to them
because in East Jerusalem Muslims first Kaaba Al-Aqsa mosque is
situated.
. Palestine demands that Israel must stop further occupying
territory because Israel is occupying West Bank and Muslims are
attacking in West Bank.
. Further, Palestine demands that Palestine refugees should be
return to Palestine because many Palestinians have migrated to
many countries such as Syria, Jordan, Egypt etc due to attacks of
Israel.
Israel's demands:
. Israeli claims that ensure Israel security from terrorist attacks.
. Israel wants to control all Jerusalem.
. Israeli wants to occupy more territory of Palestine to destroy
terrorist networks, but this is not the fact.
. Israeli rejects demands of Palestine.
How can peace be achieved?
. Two state solution
. Religious tolerance
. Protect the rights of people
. UN should play its role
. Muslim ummah/OIC should play its role

The iron drone system of Israel intercepts 90% , so Hamas's some

rockets were not intercepted by iron drone system and hit Israel's
territory. Israeli attacks paestina in Gaza. Israeli forces have
attacked many times Palestinians. Arab countries are not
condemning Israel strongly. Only Kuwait presented a resolution  in
UN security council against Israeli brutalities and the  US vetoed it.
Palestine issue will destabilise Middle East. Palestine problem is
the core problem in the Middle East.
. Six rockets were fired from Lebanon because hezebullah is in
Lebanon.
. Due to Palestine issue, Iran's nuclear program could be affected
because Iran supports Hamas and Hezebullah against Israel.
. Another implications of Palestine issue shows the incompetency
of UN.
. This crisis also depicts the bad image of Israel in the world.
. Another implication is Pak and us relations are marred.
. Iran and Pak relations are strong more due to this crisis.
. Further, implication is regional and global instability.

Kashmir issue:
Taiwan issue:
Taiwan has been governed independently of China since 1949, but
Beijing views the island as part of its territory. Beijing has vowed to
eventually “unify” Taiwan with the mainland, using force if
necessary.
Tensions are rising. Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen, whose party
platform favors independence, has rebuked Beijing’s efforts to
undermine democracy. Beijing has ramped up political and military
pressure on Taipei.
Some analysts fear the United States and China could go to war
over Taiwan. U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s trip to the island in
2022 heightened tensions between the countries.
Taiwan is geographically an island.
. China claims that Taiwan is an integral part of China.
. China is forcing Taiwan to become its part.
. Taiwan's main interest is security and independence.
. China’s warplane incursions into Taiwan air defence zone
doubled in 2022

The military ramped up sorties and launched the largest war games
in decades to protest against a visit by US House Speaker Nancy
Pelosi in August

.An air defense identification zone (ADIZ) is the   of a

country plus an additional wider area over land and water in which a
country tries to identify, locate, and control any   in the
interest of  .
Seventy-one Chinese air force aircraft including fighter jets and
drones entered Taiwan's air defence identification zone in the past
24 hours, the island's government said on Monday, the largest
reported incursion to date.
. For security threats from China, US supports Taiwan militarily.
. Another interest of Taiwan is to be recognised internationally as
sovereign state.
. Taiwan is more interested in acquiring weapons from the US
because Taiwan has security threats from China.
. Taiwan issue forces Taiwan for arm race.
. China doesn't not attack Taiwan because China wants to avoid as
aggressive power in the world.
. In the short time, China will not use force to occupy Taiwan
because of global image of China as a peaceful state.
. If China uses force, there will be very bad consequences on
Indo-Pacific region such as  South China sea, strait of Malacca etc
and there will be security threats from south China sea to China.
. If China uses forces/attacks Taiwan, then Asean states must
escalate their arm race in the region by getting more closer to
United States and its allies.
. Taiwan issue can lead world to third world war possibly in the
future.
Is Taiwan part of China?
Beijing asserts that there is only “one China” and that Taiwan is part
of it. It views the PRC as the only legitimate government of China,
an approach it calls the One-China principle, and seeks Taiwan’s
eventual “unification” with the mainland.

I must write facts and data from Sir  Farid's lectures, SIR Arif's
lectures etc
National security policy of Pakistan:
What are Jirgas and Punchayats?
Delayed justice due to lengthy court proceedings, many people
instead of going to the courts approach their local Jirgas and
Punchayats, most of times give sadistic and discriminatory
punishments to the accused:
What is Model town case?
Balance of payments:
IMF's Extended Fund Facility:
Foreign reserves:
B3W:
Why the US attacked Iraq?
What is Persian Gulf?
Strategic ally:
JCPOA accord:
Abraham Accord:
COP27:
Gwader port: The Gwadar Port (Urdu: ‫ˈ[ ﮔﻮادر ﺑﻨﺪرﮔﺎہ‬ɡwaːdəɾ
ˈbəndəɾɡaː]) is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan
province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the
Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the
China Overseas Port Holding Company.[2] The port features
prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) plan,
and is considered to be a link between the Belt and Road Initiative
and the Maritime Silk Road projects. CPEC started in 2015: 
Gwader port is important because Gwader port connects Pakistan,
CPEC to strait of Harmuz, Middle East countries, Persian Gulf etc
and Gwader port is 120 KM away from Iranian border: Gawader port
is 400 Km from Strait of Hormuz being passageway of 40% oil of
the world.
China is in the north of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran in West and
India in East and Arabian sea in South:
What is industry:
Paris climate accord 2015
Renewable energy:
Babri Mosque incident:
Hybrid warfare:
Stakeholder:
Raw materials:
East India company:
Fifth generation warfare:
State and non-state actors:
What is economy?
Sir Farid's current Affairs revision lectures on YouTube:
Prophet (P.B.U.H) said: Undoubtedly, modesty and faith are
connected together so when one gets away, the other one is also
taken away.

I must make notes by listening to all videos of Sir Arif Javed

By the 15 March, I should remember all vocabulary of books and

dawn vocabulary which is in mobile. Further, I must make notes
from Sir Arif Javed all lectures of YouTube and Sir Farid's lectures
of revision of current Affairs. Besides, I must remember meaning of
terms which I have written separate. Apart from this, I must make
facts and data from Quosh app daily on different topics.

From 15 March, I will study CSS subjects:

International relations from 9:00 am to 12:00 pm daily
European History from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm
Break from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm
Quosh app data and facts making from 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm,
including remember data
Gender Studies from 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm
Break from 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm
Criminology and Islamiat from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm
At night mcq's only
Through water global trade is 80%.
World is moving towards multipolarity from unipolarity because
China is rising and the US is declining:
The US wants to isolate China economically.
India claims Gilgit Baltistan territory and claims that Gilgit Baltistan
is illegal terrority of Pakistan:
CPEC starts from Gawader and it connects Gawader to Kashgar,
CPEC is 3000 KM. Gwader port connects Pakistan and China to
strait of Harmuz/ Middle East and Africa: CPEC will shorten China's
12000 KM route to Middle East:
India terms Gilgit Baltistan Pakistan Occupied Kashmir:
CPEC route is build by roads, railway track, airports etc
Kashgar of China is in west area of China in the West area of China
6% population lives, but in the East area of China 94% population
lives:
India is against CPEC and claims that CPEC passes through
Pakistan Occupied Kashmir/Gilgit Baltistan:
Non-traditional security threats to Pakistan:
. Earthquakes
. Climate change
. Floods
. Population explosion
. Terrorism
. Religious extremism
. Division in societes
. Water crisis
Non-state actors:
. Non-state actors are private organisations and terrorist
organisations in Pakistan such as NGOs, ISIS, Al-Qaeda, Baloch
liberation party, TTP etc