Sinhgad Academy of

Engineering, Pune

REPORT – AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION

SYSYTEM

BY

1)SHIVAM NADARGE [S190433066]

2) HARSHAL PATIL [S190433073]
3)BALAJI POUL [S190433076]
4)TANMAY RAIPURE [S190433079]
5)DEVIDAS RANKHANB [S190433080]
 Table of Contents

Sr. Topic Page

No No.
1. Introduction 1
2. Abstract 2
3. Problem Statement 3
4. What It Exactly Is ? 4
5. Objective 5
6. How Does It Work 6
7. Components Used… 7
8. Arduino Uno Specs 8
9. Block Diagram 10
10. Implementation 11
11 Analysis 12
12 Limitations 13
13 Conclusion 14
❖ INTRODUCTION :

• With the advancement in technology, the world is growing rapidly

and moving faster along with the numerous automated aids
present all around us. To keep up with the pace of this world,
agriculture industry is exploring modern, efficient, faster, and
sustainable alternatives to presently available traditional farming
practices.

• In recent times, the agriculture industry has witnessed some

revolutionary innovations and projects that aim to modernize the
farming methods and provide some ease to the workers or people
associated with it. Farm owners who opted and switched to
technology assistance in their farming practices have observed the
positive change science has made.

• Many such projects, which are transforming the way of field

preparations, sowing, irrigation, adding of fertilizers or harvesting
techniques etc, are becoming popular day by day.

• This “Smart irrigation system project” is one such automated tool

that has been created to assist not only the farmers or gardeners
but also for those who love growing plants in their backyard.

❖ ABSTRACT :
 Now a days its a challenge to improve development of plant in respect of its
growth and to reduce costs which leads to an innovative idea of using an
automated irrigation system which will further help in better management of
water and human resources. An automated irrigation system have been
developed using sensors technology with Arduino to efficiently utilize water for
irrigation purpose. The system has soil moisture sensor inserted into the soil of
the plants and a water level sensor placed in a water container from where
water will be pumped to plants for irrigation. An algorithm has been build out
with threshold values of soil moisture sensor to control the water quantity in
soil and also a water level sensor has been implemented to measure the water
level in tank. This project requires Arduino board having inbuilt ATMega328
microcontroller. This project is need of the hour to convert manual irrigation
into an automated irrigation which with the help of soil moisture sensor will
detect dankness content of soil leading to turn ON/OFF of pumping motor.
Human efforts can be reduced using this technique and increase saving of
water by efficiently irrigating the plants. The design has been made with better
resource management and low power consumption. This project brings into
play a micro-controller which is of 8051 family, this programmable micro-
controller collects the input signals converted into values of moisture in the
soil via soil moisture sensors. As the microcontroller starts obtaining the
signals, it creates an output that forces a relay for running the water pumping
motor. An LCD screen is also linked to the micro-controller to show moisture
conditions of the soil and water pump. The water level sensor is used to detect
the level of tank so that tank contains efficient water to transfer into crops.
 ❖ PROBLEM STATEMENT :
Insufficient irrigation practices, such as manual watering or outdated irrigation
system, can lead to water wastage, lower coper yields, and increased labour
costs. With the growing demand for food production and the increasing
scarcity of water resources, there is a need to develop more efficient and
sustainable irrigation systems. An automatic irrigation system can be a
potential solution to this problem by providing precise and efficient irrigation,
reducing water wastage, and optimizing crop yields. However, there are
several challenges to overcome, such as the initial cost of installation, technical
expertise required for maintenance and programming, and the need for a
reliable power supply. The problem, therefore, is how to design and implement
an effective automatic irrigation system that meets the specific needs of
farmers while overcoming these challenges and ensuring sustainability and
cost-effectiveness.

❖ WHAT IT EXACTLY IS ?
• We all know that, watering the plants or the fields time to time could be
tiring and is a slow process. In addition, it is particularly important to
supply the sufficient amount of water for better growth of the crops in our
fields or for the plants in our garden but using too much water is not a
good idea either. Automatic irrigation system is a solution to all such
problems.

• This smart irrigation system is a device, which is arduino based, and it

uses sensors to detect the water requirement of your plant/crop or soil.
Once it gets the signal about lack of moisture content in soil or low water
level in the fields (based on the set criteria in the arduino UNO code), it
will automatically provide for the water supply to the target area. It is
easy to use, water saving, cost effective modern irrigation technique.
Great, isn’t it?

❖ OBJECTIVE :-
 1. Efficient water usage: To develop a system that can efficiently use water
by providing the right amount of water at the right time to the plants.

2. Time-saving: To automate the process of irrigation, which would save

time and effort required to manually water plants.

3. Consistency: To ensure that the plants receive consistent watering,

which would lead to better growth and yield.

4. Remote access: To enable remote access to the system, allowing users

to monitor and control the irrigation system from anywhere.

5. Sustainability: To develop a sustainable irrigation system that reduces

water wastage, minimizes energy usage, and is environmentally friendly.

6. Cost-effectiveness: To develop an irrigation system that is cost-effective

in terms of installation, maintenance, and operation.

7. Customizability: To provide users with the ability to customize the

system to suit their specific needs, such as soil type, plant type, and
climate.

8. Data collection and analysis: To incorporate sensors and data collection

mechanisms into the system to collect data on soil moisture,
temperature, and other factors, and provide analysis for better decision-
making.

❖ HOW DOES IT WORK ?:

 • Simply when the sensors senses low moisture content in the soil, it
sends the signals to Arduino (a microcontroller that works as per the
instructions given to it via a code), the Arduino will process this data and
transfer it to relay, setting it to high state, thus connecting the pump to
start the water supply towards the plants. As soon as the plants get the
required amount of water, sensor intimidates the arduino to stop the
water supply and relay is tuned to low state i.e., to disconnect the pump
supply.

• So basically, the relay module here is an electrical switch which is being

controlled be the arduino to turn on an off the circuit of water supply.

❖COMPONENTS USED… :-
❖ ARDUINO UNO SPECS :-
 Name Arduino UNO R3
Board
SKU A000066
Microcontroller ATmega328P
USB connector USB-B
Built-in LED Pin 13
Digital I/O Pins 14
Pins
Analog input pins 6
PWM pins 6
UART Yes
Communication I2C Yes
SPI Yes
I/O Voltage 5V
Input voltage (nominal) 7-12V
Power
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

Power Supply Connector Barrel Plug

Main Processor ATmega328P 16 MHz

Clock speed

Weight 25 g
Dimensions Width 53.4 mm
Length 68.6 mm

❖ CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :-
❖IMPLEMENTATION :-
1. Design: The first step is to design the irrigation system based on the
project's objectives and requirements. The design should include the
type of irrigation system, the irrigation schedule, the water source, and
the sensors to be used.
2. Components: After designing the system, the components required for
the system should be identified, such as pipes, valves, sensors,
controllers, and irrigation heads.
3. Installation: The next step is to install the components of the irrigation
system in the field. This includes installing the pipes, valves, sensors, and
irrigation heads. Care should be taken to ensure that the system is
properly installed, and the components are correctly positioned.
4. Sensor calibration: After installing the sensors, they need to be
calibrated to accurately measure the soil moisture, temperature, and
other environmental factors.
5. Controller programming: Once the components are installed, the
controller needs to be programmed with the irrigation schedule and the
sensor data. The controller should be configured to provide the right
amount of water at the right time based on the sensor readings.
6. Testing: After completing the installation and programming, the system
needs to be tested to ensure that it is functioning correctly. This includes
testing the sensors, valves, and controllers to ensure that they are
working correctly.
7. Monitoring and maintenance: Finally, the system needs to be monitored
regularly to ensure that it is functioning correctly and maintained
regularly to keep the system in good condition.
❖ANALYSIS :-
• Water conservation: An automatic irrigation system ensures that water
is used more efficiently by providing the right amount of water at the
right time, reducing water wastage.
• Time-saving: The system saves time and effort required for manual
watering, allowing farmers to focus on other farm activities.
• Increased crop yield: The system provides consistent watering, ensuring
that plants receive the right amount of water at the right time, leading
to better growth and yield.
• Remote monitoring: Automatic irrigation systems can be remotely
monitored and controlled, allowing farmers to manage the system from
anywhere, saving time and effort.
• Customizable: The system can be customized to meet specific
requirements, such as the type of crop, soil type, and climate conditions,
ensuring that plants receive the right amount of water at the right time.
• Cost-effective: Automatic irrigation systems can be cost-effective in the
long run, reducing the cost of labour and water, and improving crop
yield.
• Data collection and analysis: The system can be integrated with sensors
and data collection mechanisms, providing data on soil moisture,
temperature, and other environmental factors. This data can be
analyzed to make better decisions on irrigation schedules, leading to
improved crop yields.
 ❖Future Scope :-
The scope for automatic irrigation systems is quite vast, and they can be
used in a variety of agricultural applications, such as crop fields, orchards,
vineyards, and greenhouse farming. Here are some examples of how automatic
irrigation systems can be used:
1. Large-scale crop fields: Automatic irrigation systems can be used in
large-scale crop fields to irrigate crops such as corn, wheat, rice, and
soybeans. The systems can be customized to meet the specific water
requirements of each crop and to account for variations in soil type,
topography, and climate.
2. Orchards and vineyards: Automatic irrigation systems can be used in
orchards and vineyards to irrigate fruit trees and grapevines. These
systems can be designed to provide the right amount of water at the
right time to ensure optimal growth and fruit quality.
3. Greenhouse farming: Automatic irrigation systems can be used in
greenhouse farming to irrigate plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and
peppers. These systems can be designed to provide precise watering,
based on the specific needs of each plant.
4. Landscaping: Automatic irrigation systems can also be used in
landscaping applications, such as parks, golf courses, and residential
lawns, to provide efficient and effective watering.
5. Water management: Automatic irrigation systems can also be used for
water management applications, such as water conservation, flood
control, and erosion prevention.
 ❖Limitations :-
While automatic irrigation systems offer several benefits, there are also
some limitations to consider. Here are some of the main limitations of
automatic irrigation systems:
1. Initial cost: Automatic irrigation systems can be expensive to install,
including the cost of components, installation, and programming. This
can be a significant barrier for small-scale farmers or those with limited
financial resources.
2. Maintenance: Automatic irrigation systems require regular maintenance
to ensure they are functioning correctly. This can include tasks such as
checking and repairing leaks, replacing worn parts, and adjusting
sprinkler heads. The cost of maintenance can add to the overall cost of
the system.
3. Technical expertise: The installation and programming of automatic
irrigation systems require technical expertise. This can be a challenge for
farmers who do not have experience with irrigation systems or who have
limited technical knowledge.
4. Power supply: Automatic irrigation systems require a reliable power
supply to function correctly. In areas where power supply is unreliable,
the system may not work effectively, leading to crop losses.
5. System failure: In some cases, automatic irrigation systems can fail,
leading to over or under-watering of crops. This can result in crop losses
and reduced yield.
6. Environmental impact: While automatic irrigation systems can reduce
water wastage, they still require a significant amount of water to
operate. In areas where water is scarce, the system may contribute to
environmental degradation.
In summary, while automatic irrigation systems offer several benefits, they also
have some limitations, including initial cost, maintenance requirements,
technical expertise, power supply, system failure, and environmental impact.
Farmers must carefully consider these limitations when deciding whether to
invest in an automatic irrigation system.
 ❖CONCLUSION :-

• In conclusion, an automatic irrigation system is a modern solution for

efficiently irrigating crops. With its ability to provide the right amount of
water at the right time, the system can help farmers achieve better crop
yields, reduce water wastage, and save time and effort. The system can
be customized to meet specific crop requirements and can be remotely
monitored and controlled.
• However, the initial cost, maintenance requirements, technical
expertise, and power supply may be a challenge for some farmers. To
overcome these challenges, farmers need to carefully plan and design
the system, choose the right components, and ensure that the system is
regularly maintained. By doing so, farmers can reap the benefits of an
automatic irrigation system and improve their farming practices.
• Overall, an automatic irrigation system is a valuable tool that can help
farmers improve their crop yields while reducing their environmental
impact. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even
more advanced and efficient irrigation systems in the future.
THANK YOU !