Ansi Ashrae Standard 228-2023

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 228-2023
Standard Method
of Evaluating
Zero Net Energy and
Zero Net Carbon
Building Performance
Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on February 4, 2023; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on February 8,
2023; and by the American National Standards Institute on March 8, 2023.
This Standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards
Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for
timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the Standard. Instructions for how to submit a
change can be found on the ASHRAE ® website (www.ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance).
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© 2023 ASHRAE ISSN 1 041 -2336
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ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 228
Co-Cognizant TCs: 2.8, Buildings Environmental Impacts and Sustainability, and 7.6, Building Energy Performance
SPLS Liaison: Phillip A. Johnson
Keith I. Emerson *, Chair Patrick G. Fitzgerald Jean-Francois Pelletier*
Paul A. Torcellini*, Vice-Chair Scott P. Hackel* Andrew Reilman
Carsen Banister*, Secretary Gary W. Heikkinen* William Rice
Gwenda S. Amey*, Secretary Mark R. Heizer Steven Rosenstock
Michael Baranick J. David Holtzclaw* Jeff Ross-Bain
Jui-Chen R. Chang* Nusrat Jung* Kim E. Shinn
Joshua D. Chism Dennis R. Landsberg* W. Stanton Stafford
Drury B. Crawley* Neil P. Leslie* Ted A. Williams
Jim Edelson* Bruno C. Martinez
Erik Elmtoft* Brendan Owens*
* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication
ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2022–2023

Susanna S. Hanson, Chair Gerald J. Kettler Gwelen Paliaga
Jonathan Humble, Vice-Chair Jay A. Kohler Karl L. Peterman
William P. Bahnfleth Cesar L. Lim Justin M. Prosser
Thomas E. Cappellin Paul A. Lindahl, Jr. David Robin
Douglas D. Fick James D. Lutz Christopher J. Seeton
Patricia Graef Julie Majurin Christian R. Taber
Jaap Hogeling Lawrence C. Markel Paolo M. Tronville
Jennifer A. Isenbeck Patrick C. Marks William F. Walter
Phillip A. Johnson Margaret M. Mathison Steven C. Sill, BOD ExO
Srinivas Katipamula Kathleen Owen Sarah E. Maston, CO
Connor Barbaree, Senior Manager of Standards
SPECIAL NOTE
This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Consensus is defined
by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as
“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,
but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”
Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.
ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.
ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project
Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all
must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees.
The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,
b. participation in the next review of the Standard,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, or
d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.
DISCLAIMER
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industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems
tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines
will be nonhazardous or free from risk.
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CONTENTS
ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 228-2023
Standard Method of Evaluating Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Building Performance
SECTION PAGE
Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1 Purpose............................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3 Definitions and Symbols.................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Administration, Enforcement, and Compliance ................................................................................................. 4
5 Energy Flows Across the Site Boundary........................................................................................................... 6
6 Source Energy Performance ............................................................................................................................. 8
7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Performance ...................................................................................................... 1 0
8 Qualifications for Off-Site Renewable Energy and Carbon Offset Procurement............................................. 1 5
9 Normative References .................................................................................................................................... 20
Normative Appendix A: Compliance Forms .......................................................................................................... 21
Informative Appendix B: Recommended Characteristics of Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement................ 28
Informative Appendix C: Embodied Energy and Carbon Calculations .................................................................. 31
Informative Appendix D: Table Derivation Sources............................................................................................... 33
Informative Appendix E: Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for the United States 
Using 20-Year GWP Time Horizon .................................................................................................... 35

Informative Appendix F: References and Bibliography ......................................................................................... 38
NOTE
Approved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE
website at www.ashrae.org/technology.
© 2023 ASHRAE
1 80 Technology Parkway · Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.
ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.
(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements
necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been processed according to the ANSI require-
ments for a standard and may contain material that has not been subj ect to public review or a consen-
sus process. Unresolved obj ectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
FOREWORD
ASHRAE Standard 228 can be used to determine whether a site has achieved zero net energy or zero net car-
bon, meaning that the source energy or carbon flows coming into a site are less than or equal to those flow-
ing outward during building/site operation and any allowed offsets.
This standard deals with energy and carbon flows across a site boundary and their measurement and
balance. In that regard, the committee has drawn from publications such as ASHRAE Standard 105. Allow-
ances are made for sites without the opportunity to produce adequate renewable energy, but the standard
places additional requirements on the use of external carbon and renewable energy in the calculation.
For energy, the committee has chosen to define the calculation in terms of source. This is a multiplier on
the actual energy crossing the site boundary to include energy used or lost getting the measured energy type
to the site. While the main energy calculation is in terms of annual average factors, allowance is made for a
qualified professional to sum the results of individual hours where those data are available.
Carbon was an addition to the standard’s original scope. The actual calculation is being made in terms
of carbon dioxide equivalents, valuing related greenhouse causing gases over 100 years after their release.
In some cases, in-use refrigerant leakage can be a substantial contributor to the operational carbon foot-
print. For this reason, the committee has decided to include leakage of refrigerants in these calculations
even though it can also be thought of in terms of repair of the embodied carbon.
This standard is updated on a regular basis using ASHRAE’s continuous maintenance procedures.
Addenda are publicly reviewed, approved by ASHRAE and ANSI, and posted on the ASHRAE website.
Change proposals can be submitted online at www. ashrae.org/continuous-maintenance. The project com-
mittee for Standard 228 takes formal action on all change proposals received.
Future development of this standard may expand beyond operational energy and carbon. For instance,
in addition to energy used for operations, the committee weighed whether to include embodied energy and
carbon, the sum of the energy used to create the building or site. While valuable work is being done on this
subject, it is not included in the current edition of the standard.
1 . PURPOSE
T h i s s t a n da rd s e ts re qu i re m e n ts fo r e v a l u a ti n g w h e th e r a b u i l di n g o r g ro u p o f b u i l d i n g s m e e t s a de fi n i ti o n o f
“ z e ro n e t e n e rg y ” o r w h e t h e r th o s e b ui l d i n g s m e e t a de fi n i ti o n o f “ z e ro n e t c a rb o n . ” I t p ro v i de s a c o n s i s te n t
m e t h o d o f e x p re s s i n g qu a l i fi c a t i o n s fo r z e ro n e t e n e rg y a n d z e ro n e t c a rb o n b u i l di n g s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h th e
de s i g n o f n e w b u i l di n g s a n d th e o p e ra ti o n o f e x i s ti n g b u i l di n g s .
2. SCOPE
2.1 T h i s s ta n da rd c o v e rs
a . e x i s ti n g b u i l d i n g s , n e w b u i l di n g s , g ro u p s o f b u i l d i n g s , o r p o rti o n s o f b u i l di n g s ;
b . de te rmi nati o n, i nc l udi ng c al c ul ati o n me th o do l o g y, and e x p re s s i o n o f th e b ui l di ng ( s ) z e ro ne t e ne rg y s tatus ;
c . de te rmi nati o n, i nc l udi ng c al c ul ati o n m e th o do l o g y, and e x p re s s i o n o f th e b ui l di ng ( s ) z e ro ne t c arb o n s tatus ;
and
d. e n e rg y a n d c a rb o n e m i s s i o n s a s s o c i a t e d w i th fl o w s a c ro s s th e s i te b o u n da ry a n d o ff- s i t e c re di t e d fl o w s .
2.2 T h e p ro v i s i o n s o f t h i s s t a n da rd do n o t a p p l y to
a . e s ta b l i s h m e n t o f b u i l d i n g g ro s s e n e rg y p e rfo rm a n c e g o a l s o r l i m i ts ;
b . de s i g n g u i d a n c e o r de s i g n re qu i re m e n ts ; o r
c . e m b o d i e d e n e rg y o r c a rb o n o f b u i l d i n g m a te ri a l s a n d s y s te m s .
3. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS

3.1 Definitions
adopting authority: th e a g e n c y o r a g e n t th a t a do p ts th i s s ta n d a rd.
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): th e a g e n c y o r a g e n t re s p o n s i b l e fo r e n fo rc i n g t h i s s t a n d a rd.
biomass: n o n fo s s i l i z e d a n d b i o d e g ra d a b l e o rg a n i c m a t e ri a l o ri g i n a t i n g fro m p l a n t s , a n i m a l s , a n d / o r m i c r o -
o rg a n i s m s , i n c l u d i n g p ro d u c t s , b y p ro d u c t s , re s i d u e s , a n d w a s t e fro m a g ri c u l t u re , fo re s t ry, a n d re l a t e d
2 A N S I /A S H RA E S tan da rd 2 2 8 - 2 0 2 3
i n d u s t ri e s , a s w e l l a s t h e n o n fo s s i l i z e d a n d b i o d e g ra d a b l e o rg a n i c fra c t i o n s o f i n d u s t ri a l a n d m u n i c i p a l
w a s t e s , i n c l u d i n g g a s e s a n d l i q u i d s re c o v e re d fro m t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n o f n o n fo s s i l i z e d a n d b i o d e g ra d a b l e
o rg a n i c m a t e r i a l .
boundary: th e de m a rc a t i o n o f a d e fi n e d s i t e a c ro s s w h i c h e n e rg y fl o w c h a ra c te ri s t i c s a re kn o w n o r c an b e
c a l c u l a te d.
building: a s tru c tu re w h o l l y o r p a rt i a l l y e n c l o s e d w i th i n e x te ri o r w a l l s , o r w i th i n e x t e ri o r a n d p a rt y w a l l s ,
a n d a ro o f, a ffo rdi n g s h e l t e r t o p e rs o n s , a n i m a l s , o r p ro p e rty.
building site: s e e “ s i t e . ”
carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e): a m e a s u re u s e d to c o m p a re th e i m p a c t o f v a ri o u s g re e n h o u s e g a s e s
b a s e d o n th e i r ti m e h o ri z o n g l o b a l w a rm i n g p o te n ti a l . C O
e a p p ro x i m a te s t h e ti m e - i n te g ra t e d w a rm i n g
e ffe c t o f a u n i t m a s s o f a g i v e n g re e n h o u s e g a s re l a ti v e t o th a t o f c a rb o n d i o x i de ( C O
) .
carbon offset: a re du c ti o n i n e m i s s i o n s o r re m o v a l o f g re e n h o u s e g a s e s to c o m p e n s a te fo r e m i s s i o n s
re l e as e d e l s e w h e re .
community renewable energy facility: a fac i l i ty th at p ro duc e s e ne rg y h arv e s te d fro m re ne w ab l e e ne rg y
re s o urc e s and th at i s qual i fi e d as a c o mmuni ty e ne rg y fac i l i ty unde r ap p l i c ab l e j uri s di c ti o nal s tatute s and rul e s .
energy: th e c a p a c i t y fo r do i n g w o rk. E n e rg y t a ke s a n u m b e r o f fo rm s th a t m a y b e tra n s fo rm e d fro m o n e i n t o
a n o t h e r, s u c h a s th e rm a l ( h e a t) , m e c h a n i c a l ( w o rk) , e l e c tri c a l , o r c h e m i c a l . C u s to m ary m e a s u re m e n t u n i ts
a re B ri ti s h th e rm a l u n i ts ( B tu ) , J o u l e s ( J ) , o r ki l o w a t t- h o u rs ( kW h ) .
energy form: a n y th e rm a l , m e c h a n i c a l , e l e c tri c a l , o r c h e m i c a l e n e rg y t o p ro v i de e n e rg y s e rv i c e s t o a s i t e .
existing building: a b u i l di n g o r p o rt i o n th e re o f th a t h as b e e n i n o p e ra t i o n a n d n o rm a l us e fo r a t l e a s t 2 4 c o n -
s e c u ti v e m o n th s fo l l o w i n g t h e da te o f i n i ti a l o c c u p a n c y, c e rti fi c a te o f o c c u p a n c y, o r o c c u p a n c y c l a s s c h a n g e ,
w h i c h e v e r i s l a t e r.
financial (virtual) renewable energy power purchase agreement (PPA): a fi n a n c i al a rra n g e m e n t b e tw e e n a
re n e w a b l e e l e c t ri c i ty g e n e ra t o r ( th e s e l l e r) a n d a b u y e r w h e re i n th e b u y e r p a y s o r g u a ra n t e e s a fi x e d p ri c e t o
th e s e l l e r fo r th e p ro j e c t ’ s g e n e ra t i o n a n d a s s o c i a t e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a te . A l s o kn o w n a s a “ fi n a n -
c i a l p o w e r p u rc h a s e a g re e m e n t. ”
global warming potential (GWP): a n i n d e x fo r e s ti m a t i n g t h e re l a t i v e g l o b a l w a rm i n g c o n t ri b u ti o n o f a t m o -
s p h e ri c e m i s s i o n s o f a p a rti c u l a r g re e n h o u s e g a s a s c o m p a re d t o e m i s s i o n s o f a n e q u a l m a s s o f c a rb o n d i o x -
) .
i de ( C O
greenhouse gas emissions (GHG): t h e c a rb o n d i o x i de e qu i v a l e n t e m i s s i o n s fro m v a ri o u s g re e n h o u s e g a s e s
b a s e d o n th e i r t i m e - i n te g ra te d g l o b a l w a rm i n g p o te n ti a l a s c o m p a re d to e m i s s i o n s o f a n e qu a l m a s s o f c a r-
b o n d i o x i de .
gross floor area (GFA): th e s u m o f th e fl o o r a re a s o f a l l th e c o n di ti o n e d ( h e a t e d a n d/ o r c o o l e d) s p a c e s
w i t h i n t h e b u i l di n g , i n c l u d i n g c o n di t i o n e d g a ra g e s , c o n di ti o n e d b a s e m e n ts , a n d c o n di t i o n e d a t ti c s .
imported renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s th a t a re t ra n s a c te d w i th o r d e l i v e re d fro m p ro v i d e rs o f o ffs i te
re n e w a b l e e n e rg y.
new building: a b u i l di n g o r p o rt i o n th e re o f th a t h a s b e e n i n o p e ra t i o n fo r l e s s t h a n 2 4 c o n s e c u t i v e m o n th s
fo l l o w i n g th e da te o f i n i t i a l o c c u p a n c y, c e rt i fi c a te o f o c c u p a n c y, o r o c c u p a n c y c l a s s c h a n g e , w h i c h e v e r i s
l a te r.
off-site: l o c a te d o u t s i de th e s i te b o u n da ry.
off-site renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s d e ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s h a rv e s t e d o u t s i d e th e s i te
b o u n da ry.
on-site: l o c a t e d i n s i d e th e s i t e b o u n d a ry.
on-site renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s de ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s h a rv e s te d i n s i de t h e s i t e
b o u n da ry.
physical renewable energy power purchase agreement (PPA): a c o n t ra c t fo r th e p u rc h as e o f re n e w a b l e
e l e c tri c i ty a n d a s s o c i a t e d re n e w ab l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a t e fro m a s p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e l e c t ri c i ty g e n e ra to r ( th e
s e l l e r) to a p u rc h a s e r o f re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty.
portion of a building: a s p a c e w i th i n a b u i l d i n g th a t i s w h o l l y o r p a rti a l l y e n c l o s e d b y w a l l s a n d w i t h s e p a -
ra te l y m e te re d o r s u b m e te re d e n e rg y fl o w s .
proposed building: a b u i l d i n g o r p o rti o n o f b u i l di n g th a t i s i n th e de s i g n o r c o n s tru c ti o n p h a s e .
qualified person: a tra i n e d p e rs o n w i th e x p e rt i s e i n b u i l di n g e n e rg y - u s e a n a l y s i s , w h i c h i n c l u de s a n y o f t h e
fo l l o w i n g :
A N S I /A S H RA E S ta n dard 2 2 8 - 2 0 2 3 3
a . A l i c e n s e d p ro fe s s i o n a l a rc h i te c t o r e n g i n e e r o r l i c e n s e d c o n tra c to r i n th e j uri s di c ti o n w h e re th e p ro j e c t
i s l o c a t e d
b . A c e rti fi e d e n e rg y a u d i to r o r m a n a g e r
c . A p e rs o n q u a l i fi e d b y t h e a do p t i n g a u th o ri t y
renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s de ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s .
renewable energy certificate (REC): a m arke t- b a s e d i ns trum e nt th a t re p re s e nts an d c o nv e y s th e e n v i ro nme n-
tal , s o c i al , a nd o th e r no ne n e rg y attri b u te s o f o n e m e g aw att- h o u r o f re ne w ab l e e l e c tri c i ty g e ne rati o n an d c o ul d
b e s o l d s e p arate l y fro m th e u nde rl y i ng p h y s i c al e l e c tri c i ty as s o c i a te d w i th re ne w ab l e e ne rg y re s o urc e s .
renewable energy resources: s o l a r ra di a t i o n , w i n d, w a v e s , ti de s , h y dro p o w e r, b i o m a s s , o r h o t fl u i d o r s t e a m
h e a te d w i th i n t h e e a rt h .
renewable hydrogen: h y dro g e n p ro du c e d u s i n g re n e w a b l e re s o u rc e s b o t h a s th e s o u rc e fo r th e h y dro g e n a n d
th e s o u rc e fo r t h e e n e rg y i n p u t i n to t h e p ro du c t i o n p ro c e s s .
renewable natural gas: p i p e l i n e c o m p ati b l e g as e o us fu e l de ri v e d fro m b i o m as s o r fro m re n e w ab l e h y dro g e n.
site: a b u i l d i n g , p o rt i o n o f a b u i l di n g , o r g ro u p o f b u i l d i n g s , a n d s u rro u n d i n g a re a o f l an d i n s i d e th e b o u n d -
a ry t h a t i s c o n ti g u o u s o r s e p a ra te d o n l y b y p u b l i c ri g h ts - o f- w a y, a l l o f w h i c h a re u n de r th e s a m e o w n e rs h i p
o r c o n tro l .
site energy: c o m m o d i ti z e d e n e rg y c o n s u m e d a s m e a s u re d o r e s ti m a te d a t t h e s i te b o u n da ry ( Esite ) .
source energy: s i te e n e rg y p l u s th e e s ti m a te d e n e rg y c o n s u m e d o r l o s t i n th e e x tra c ti o n , p ro c e s s i n g , a n d
tra n s p o rta ti o n o f p ri m a ry e n e rg y fo rm s s u c h a s c o a l , o i l , n a tu ra l g a s , b i o m a s s , an d n u c l e a r fu e l ; e n e rg y c o n -
s u m e d i n c o n v e rs i o n t o e l e c tri c i ty ; a n d e n e rg y c o n s u m e d o r l o s t i n tra n s m i s s i o n a n d di s t ri b u ti o n to t h e s i t e .
transportation vehicle energy: e n e rg y u s e d t o re c h a rg e o r re fu e l v e h i c l e s th a t a re u s e d fo r o ff- s i te tran s p o r-
ta ti o n p u rp o s e s .
zero net energy building: a b u i l di n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i th S e c ti o n 4 .
zero net energy building-portion: a p o rt i o n o f a b u i l d i n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c t i o n 4 .
zero net energy portfolio: a c o l l e c ti o n o f b u i l di n g s i t e s o w n e d o r l e a s e d b y a s i n g l e e n ti ty w h e re th e s u m o f
th e e n e rg y u s e c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c ti o n 4 .
zero net energy community: a c o m m u n i ty o f b u i l di n g s i te s w i t h i n a j u ri s d i c ti o n a l b o u n da ry w h e re th e s u m
o f t h e e n e rg y u s e c o m p l i e s w i th S e c ti o n 4 . J u ri s di c ti o n a l b o u n da ri e s a re a c o l l e c ti o n o f l e g i s l a ti v e , re g u l a -
to ry, p o l i ti c a l , o r a d m i n i s tra ti v e b o u n d a ri e s s o u rc e d fro m fe d e ra l , s ta te , a n d l o c a l a u t h o ri ti e s .
zero net carbon building: a b u i l di n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c ti o n 4 .
zero net carbon portfolio: a c o l l e c ti o n o f b u i l di n g s i t e s o w n e d o r l e a s e d b y a s i n g l e e n t i t y w h e re t h e s u m o f
th e e n e rg y u s e c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c ti o n 4 .
zero net carbon community: a c o m m u n i ty o f s i t e s w i t h i n a j u ri s di c t i o n a l b o u n da ry w h e re th e s u m o f th e
e n e rg y u s e c o m p l i e s w i th S e c t i o n 4 .
3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

A H J a u th o ri ty h a v i n g j u ri s d i c ti o n
C O
e c a rb o n di o x i d e e qu i v a l e n t
G FA g ro s s fl o o r a re a
G H G g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s
G W P g l o b a l w a rm i n g p o t e n ti a l
P PA fi n a n c i a l ( v i rtu a l ) re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p o w e r p u rc h a s e a g re e m e n t
RE C re n e w a b l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a t e
4. ADMINISTRATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE

4.1 Administration and Enforcement
4.1.1 Administrative Requirements. A d m i n i s tra ti v e re qu i re m e n ts re l a ti n g to p e rm i t re q u i re m e n t s ,
e n fo rc e m e n t b y th e a u t h o ri t y h a v i n g j u ri s d i c t i o n ( A H J) , l o c a l l y a do p t e d e n e rg y s ta n d a rds , i n te rp re ta t i o n s ,
c l a i ms o f e x e m p ti o n , a n d ri g h ts o f a p p e a l a re t o b e s p e c i fi e d b y t h e A H J .
4.1.2 Other Laws. T h e p ro v i s i o n s o f th i s s ta n d a rd s h a l l n o t b e de e m e d t o n u l l i fy a n y p ro v i s i o n s o f l o c a l ,
s ta te , o r fe de ra l l a w. W h e re th e re i s a c o n fl i c t b e tw e e n a re q u i re m e n t o f t h i s s ta n da rd a n d s u c h o th e r l a w
a ffe c ti n g th i s c a l c u l a ti o n m e th o do l o g y, p re c e de n c e s h a l l b e de te rm i n e d b y th e a d o p t i n g a u th o ri t y.
4.1.3 Normative Appendices. T h e n o rm a ti v e a p p e n di c e s t o th i s s ta n da rd a re m a n d a t o ry re qu i re m e n ts o f
t h i s s t a n da rd, w h i c h , fo r re a s o n s o f c o n v e n i e n c e , a re p l a c e d a p a rt fro m a l l o th e r n o rm a t i v e re qu i re m e n ts .
4.1.4 Informative Appendices and Notes. T h e i n fo rm a ti v e a p p e n d i c e s a n d i n fo rm a ti v e n o t e s c o n ta i n
a dd i ti o n a l i n fo rm a ti o n a n d a re n o t m a n da to ry o r p a rt o f t h i s s ta n da rd.
4.1.5 Referenced Standards. T h e n o rm a ti v e re fe re n c e d s t a n da rds h e re i n a n d l i s t e d i n S e c ti o n 9 s h a l l b e
c o n s i d e re d p a rt o f th e re q u i re m e n ts o f t h i s s ta n da rd to th e p re s c ri b e d e x t e n t o f s u c h re fe re n c e . W h e re d i ffe r-
e n c e s o c c u r b e tw e e n th e p ro v i s i o n s o f t h i s s t a n da rd a n d re fe re n c e d s ta n d a rds , t h e p ro v i s i o n s o f t h i s s ta n da rd
s h a l l a p p l y. I n fo rm a ti v e re fe re n c e s a re i de n ti fi e d i n I n fo rm a ti v e A p p e n di x E t o a c kn o w l e dg e s o u rc e s a n d a re
n o t p a rt o f t h i s s ta n da rd.
4.2 Compliance
4.2.1 Site Characteristics . A re a s w i t h i n t h e s i t e b o u n da ry s h a l l b e re p o rt e d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n d i x A
F o rm 1 .
4.2.2 Proposed Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Buildings and Their Sites
4.2.2.1 P ro p o s e d annual e ne rg y us e s hal l b e de te rmi ne d b y mo de l i ng and re p o rte d as re qui re d i n S e c ti o n 5 .
4.2.2.2 P ro p o s e d s o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d a n d re p o rt e d i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h S e c t i o n 6 a n d s h a l l
i nc l u d e , i f a n y i s to b e u s e d, a p l a n fo r o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t, i n c l u di n g s o u rc e , ty p e , a n d
qu a n ti t y m e e ti n g th e re qu i re m e n ts o f S e c t i o n 8 .
4.2.2.3 Zero Net Energy Building and Build-Portion Compliance Requirement.

Enet
F o r p ro p o s e d s i t e s ,
th e e n e rg y c re d i t,
, a s de te rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 6 E q u a ti o n 1 , s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n o r e qu a l t o z e ro .
4.2.2.4 P ro p o s e d g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s ( G H G ) p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u d i n g ty p i c a l a n n u a l re fri g e ra n t
l e a ka g e , s h a l l b e c a l c ul a te d an d re p o rt e d i n a c c o rda n c e w i t h S e c t i o n 7 a n d s h a l l i n c l u de , i f an y i s to b e u s e d,
a p l a n fo r o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t a n d /o r c a rb o n o ffs e ts , i n c l u di n g s o u rc e , ty p e , a n d qu a n t i t y
m e e t i n g th e re qu i re m e n t s o f S e c ti o n 8 .
4.2.2.5 Zero Net Carbon Building and Building-Portion Compliance Requirement. F o r p ro p o s e d
s i t e s , th e n e t g re e n h o us e g a s e m i s s i o n s , G H G
net , a s de te rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 7 E qu a ti o n 2 , s h a l l b e l e s s th a n o r
e qu a l t o z e ro .
4.2.3 New Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Buildings and Their Sites
4.2.3.1 E s ti m a te d a n n u a l e n e rg y u s e s h a l l b e d e te rm i n e d b y m o de l i n g u s i n g a s - b u i l t i n fo rm a t i o n a n d
re p o rt e d a s re q u i re d b y S e c ti o n 5 . A s - b u i l t s s h a l l b e u p d a te d t o u s e s i t e - s p e c i fi c i n fo rm a t i o n .
4.2.3.2 M o d e l e d s o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d a n d re p o rt e d i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 6 a n d s h a l l
i n c l u de a n y a c tu a l qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t de te rm i n e d th ro u g h S e c t i o n 8 .
4.2.3.3 Zero Net Energy Building and Portion-Building Compliance Requirement.

Enet
F o r n e w s i t e s ,
, a s de te rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 6 E q u a ti o n 1 , s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n o r e qu a l t o z e ro .
th e e n e rg y c re di t ,
4.2.3.4 M o de l e d G H G p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u di n g t y p i c a l a n n u a l re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e , s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d a n d
re p o rte d i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 7 a n d a n y q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w ab l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t a n d/ o r c a r-
b o n o ffs e t s de t e rm i n e d th ro u g h S e c ti o n 8 .
4.2.3.5 Z e ro n e t c a rb o n b ui l di ng a nd b ui l di n g - p o rti o n c o m p l i an c e re qui re me nt. F o r ne w s i te s , th e ne t
g re e n h o u s e g as e mi s s i o ns , G H G
net , as de te rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 7 E qua ti o n 2 , s h al l b e l e s s th an o r e qual to z e ro .
4.2.4 Existing Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Buildings and Their Sites
4.2.4.1 A n n u a l e n e rg y c ro s s i ng th e s i t e b o u n d a ry s h a l l b e de t e rm i n e d a n d re p o rt e d a s re qu i re d i n S e c -
ti o n 5 .
4.2.4.2 S o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d a n d re p o rte d i n a c c o rdan c e w i t h S e c t i o n 6 a n d s h a l l i n c l u de
qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t de t e rm i n e d th ro u g h S e c ti o n 8 .
4.2.4.3 Z e ro n e t e n e rg y b u i l di n g o r p o rti o n o f
Enet
b u i l di n g c o m p l i a n c e re qu i re m e n t fo r e x i s ti n g s i t e s s h al l
, a s de t e rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 6 E qu a t i o n 1 , fo r th e t w o
b e c a l c u l a te d a s fo l l o w s : th e s u m o f e n e rg y c re d i t,
m o s t re c e n t y e a rs o f de te rm i n a t i o n s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n o r e qu a l to z e ro .
Exception to 4.2.4.3: T h e fi rs t z e ro n e t e n e rg y b u i l di n g o r p o rti o n o f b u i l di n g c o m p l i a n c e fo r a n e x i s t -
i n g s i te , a t o r b e fo re 2 4 m o n th s s i n c e t h e g ra n ti n g o f t h e c e rti fi c a te o f o c c u p a n c y, s h a l l b e b a s e d o n
Enet
h e c o l l e c t e d e n e rg y da ta fo r a n y 1 2 c o n s e c u t i v e m o n th p e ri o d d u ri n g th e n e w s i t e ’ s o p e ra t i o n . T h e
s h a l l b e l e s s th a n o r e qu a l t o z e ro .
4.2.4.4 G H G p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u di n g e i th e r t y p i c al o r a c tu a l re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e , s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d a n d
re p o rte d i n ac c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 7 , a n d a n y qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t o r c a rb o n
o ffs e ts s h a l l b e de te rm i n e d th ro u g h S e c t i o n 8 .
4.2.4.5 Z e ro n e t c a rb o n b u i l di n g a n d b u i l di n g p o rti o n c o m p l i a n c e re q u i re m e n t fo r e x i s t i n g s i te s s h a l l b e
c a l c u l a te d a s fo l l o w s : th e s u m o f th e n e t g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s o f th e s i t e , G H G
net , a s de te rm i n e d b y
S e c t i o n 7 E q u ati o n 2 , fo r th e t w o m o s t re c e n t y e a rs o f de te rm i n a ti o n s h a l l b e l e s s th a n o r e qu a l t o z e ro .
Exception to 4.2.4.5: T h e fi rs t z e ro n e t c a rb o n b u i l d i n g o r p o rt i o n o f b u i l d i n g c o m p l i a n c e fo r a n e x i s t -
i n g s i te , a t o r b e fo re 2 4 m o n th s s i n c e th e g ra n t i n g o f t h e c e rti fi c a te o f o c c u p a n c y, s h a l l b e b a s e d o n
th e c o l l e c te d da ta fo r a n y 1 2 c o n s e c u ti v e m o n th p e ri o d du ri n g th e n e w s i te ’ s o p e ra ti o n . T h e G H G
net
s h a l l b e l e s s th a n o r e q u a l to z e ro .
4.2.5 Zero Net Energy and Zero Net Carbon Portfolio and Community
4.2.5.1 Enet T h e z e ro n e t e n e rg y c re di t,
, o f i n di v i du a l s i te s m a ki n g u p a z e ro n e t e n e rg y p o rtfo l i o o r
c o m m u n i ty s h a l l b e to ta l e d, a n d t h e s u m s h al l b e l e s s t h a n o r e q u a l t o z e ro a n d s h a l l b e re p o rt e d o n N o rm a -
ti v e A p p e n d i x A F o rm 7 .
4.2.5.2 T h e n e t g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n, G H G
net , o f i n d i v i d u a l s i t e s m a ki n g u p a z e ro n e t c a rb o n p o rt -
fo l i o o r c o m m u n i ty s h a l l b e to ta l e d, a n d t h e s u m s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n o r e q u a l t o z e ro a n d s h a l l b e re p o rte d o n
N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 8 .
4.3 Verification of Compliance, Submittals

4.3.1 Proposed and New Buildings and Sites. A q u a l i fi e d p e rs o n s h a l l de te rm i n e i f a s i t e m e e t s th e m o d -
e l i n g a n d c a l c u l a ti o n re qu i re m e n t s o f S e c t i o n 4 . 2 . 2 fo r a p ro p o s e d s i t e , a n d S e c t i o n 4 . 2 . 3 fo r a n e w s i te , a n d
s h a l l s u b m i t v e ri fi c a t i o n o f t h i s m o de l e d c o m p l i a n c e to th e A H J u s i n g th e fo rm s o f N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A
to th i s s ta n da rd a t t h e s ta rt o f c o n s tru c ti o n a n d a t t h e ti m e th e c e rti fi c a t e o f o c c u p a n c y i s g ra n te d. D o c u m e n -
ta ti o n o f s p e c i fi c o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y o w n e rs h i p o r p ro c u re m e n t fo r n e w a n d e x i s t i n g s i t e s s h a l l b e
s u b m i tt e d to th e A H J .
Exception to 4.3.1: F o r p ro p o s e d s i te s , a p l a n fo r o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t , i n c l u di n g
s o u rc e , ty p e , a n d q u a n t i ty, s h a l l b e p ro v i de d w i th p ro p o s e d s i te d o c u m e n ta t i o n de m o n s t ra ti n g th e
a v a i l a b i l i t y o f o ff- s i t e e n e rg y c o m p l y i n g w i th t h e re qu i re m e n t s o f S e c ti o n 8 .
4.3.2 Existing Sites. A qu al i fi e d p e rs o n s h a l l de te rmi ne fro m c o l l e c te d data i f a s i te me e ts th e re qui re -
m e nts o f S e c ti o n 4 . 2 . 5 a n d s ha l l s ub m i t v e ri fi c a ti o n o f c o m p l i an c e to th e A H J us i ng th e fo rm s i n N o rm a t i v e
A p p e n di x A to th i s s tandard s ta rti n g n o l ate r th a n 2 4 mo nth s afte r th e c e rti fi c ate o f o c c up anc y i s g ra nte d an d
e v e ry tw o y e ars afte r th at. D o c ume n tati o n o f s p e c i fi c o ff- s i te e ne rg y o w ne rs h i p o r p ro c u re m e n t fo r e x i s ti n g
s i te s s h al l b e s ub mi tte d to th e A H J.
5. ENERGY FLOWS ACROSS THE SITE BOUNDARY

5.1 Scope. T h i s s e c ti o n s p e c i fi e s t h e v a ri a b l e s i n c l ude d i n c a l c u l a ti n g th e e n e rg y fl o w s c ro s s i n g th e s i te
b o u n da ry.
5.2 Measurement. B u i l di n g , s i te , a n d b o u n d a ry c h a rac te ri s t i c s s h a l l b e re p o rte d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A
F o rm 1 . E n e rg y a c ro s s th e s i te b o u n da ry s h a l l b e re p o rt e d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 2 .
5.2.1 Proposed Site, New Site, and Generation within the Site Boundary. L o a ds a n d g e n e ra ti o n w i t h i n
th e p ro p o s e d p ro j e c t a n d s i t e b o u n da ry s h a l l b e de te rm i n e d t h ro u g h m o d e l i n g i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th S e c ti o n s
5 . 2 . 1 . 1 a n d 5 . 2 . 1 . 2 a n d re p o rt e d o n a n an n u a l b a s i s .
5.2.1.1 Proposed and New Building Modeling. M o de l i n g fo r c o m m e rc i a l , i n du s tri a l , a n d h i g h - ri s e re s -
i de n t i a l p ro p o s e d b u i l di n g s a n d n e w b u i l di n g s s h a l l c o n fo rm w i th A N S I / A S H RA E / I E S S t a n da rd 9 0 . 1
N o r-
m a t i v e A p p e n d i x G fo r th e p ro p o s e d de s i g n . M o de l i n g fo r l o w - ri s e re s i d e n ti a l b u i l di n g s s h a l l c o n fo rm to th e
International Residential Code 2
re s i de n t i a l p ro v i s i o n s o r e qu i v a l e n t b u i l di n g e n e rg y c o de
3
5.2.1.2 Renewable Generation Modeling. Re n e w ab l e g e n e ra ti o n s h a l l b e m o de l e d u s i n g s o ftw a re
a p p ro v e d b y th e a u th o ri ty h a v i n g j u ri s di c t i o n ( A H J) .
5.2.2 Existing Building Operations. E n e rg y a n d g e n e ra t i o n c ro s s i n g th e p ro j e c t a n d s i te b o u n d a ry s h a l l
b e c a l c u l a t e d i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th S e c ti o n 5 . 3 a n d A N S I / A S H RA E S ta n da rd 1 0 5
S e c t i o n s 5 . 2 , 5 . 3 , a n d 5 . 4
a n d re p o rt e d o n a n a n n u a l b a s i s .
5.3 Energy Crossing the Site Boundary

5.3.1 E n e rg y t o b e m e a s u re d c ro s s i n g th e s i t e b o u n da ry a n d o th e r re l a t e d e n e rg y s h a l l i n c l u de t h e fo l l o w -
i n g c a t e g o ri e s ( s e e F i g u re 1 ) .
Imported Energy
Eispec = s p e c i fi c o ff- s i te e n e rg y i m p o rte d i n to t h e s i te b o u n da ry
Einren = o ff- s i te / g ri d n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i m p o rte d i n to th e s i te b o u n da ry
Eiv = tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y i mp o rt e d i n t o th e s i te b o u n da ry
EiL = l a n ds c a p e e q u i p m e n t e n e rg y i m p o rte d i n to t h e s i t e b o u n da ry a n d u s e d w i th i n th e b o u n d a ry
Figure 1 Energy flows across site boundary.
Exported Energy
Exren = o n - s i te g e n e ra t e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y e x p o rt e d o u t o f th e s i te b o u n d a ry
Exnren = o n - s i t e g e n e ra te d n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y e x p o rt e d o u t o f t h e s i te b o u n da ry
Exv = tra n s p o rta t i o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y e x p o rte d o u t o f th e s i t e b o u n d a ry
Other Measured Energy

Eonren = o n - s i t e n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y u s e d o n - s i t e
Eoren = o ff- s i t e re n e w ab l e e n e rg y
Informative Notes:
1 . Eispec i s i n te n d e d t o b e u s e d w h e re g ri d a v e ra g e s o u rc e a n d o t h e r fa c to rs m a y n o t b e re p re s e n ta -
t i v e o f a n e n e rg y s o u rc e , s u c h a s e l e c tri c i ty p u rc h a s e d fro m a s p e c i fi c g e n e ra to r. S e e S e c t i o n s
6 . 2 . 1 an d 7 . 2 . 1 fo r m o re i n fo rm a ti o n .
2 . Eonren m a y i n c l u de ( b u t i s n o t l i m i t e d t o ) s o u rc e s s u c h a s o n - s i te n a t u ra l g a s , o n - s i t e b i o b a s e d
fu e l s c o n s u m e d n o n s u s t ai n a b l y, o r o n - s i te w a s te - to - e n e rg y g e n e ra ti o n w i th i n th e s i t e b o u n d a ry.
5.3.1.1 Qualified Off-Site Renewable Energy. Q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s h a l l m e e t th e
re q u i re m e n t s o f S e c t i o n 8 .
5.3.1.2 Transportation Energy. E n e rg y l o a ds fro m t ra n s p o rta t i o n s h a l l b e i n c l u de d a s b e i n g w i t h i n th e
s i te b o u n da ry i f th e y a re i n te g ra l t o th e o p e ra ti o n w i th i n th e s i te b o u n da ry, a n d a s p a rt o f o p e ra ti o n s w i th i n
th e b o u n d a ry i f th e y d o n o t l e a v e t h e s i t e b o u n d a ry. T h i s i n c l u de s ( b u t i s n o t l i m i te d t o ) e l e v a to rs , p e o p l e
m o v e rs , fo rkl i fts , l a n ds c a p i n g c a re e qu i p m e n t, a n d c o n v e y o rs . E n e rg y t o c h a rg e , d i s c h a rg e , o r re fu e l v e h i -
c l e s th a t l e a v e th e s i t e b o u n da ry s h a l l b e m e a s u re d a t t h e p o i n t o f c h a rg i n g /d i s c h a rg i n g / re fu e l i n g a n d
i n c l u de d i n E qu a ti o n 1 .
5.3.1.3 Landscaping Care Equipment Crossing the Site Boundary. L a n ds c a p e a re a s h a l l b e c a l c u -
l a te d a s t h e to t a l p h y s i c a l s i t e a re a m i n u s th e n o n - g re e n - ro o fe d b u i l di n g fo o tp ri n t m i n u s t h e p o rt i o n o f th e
p h y s i c a l s i t e th a t re qu i re s n o l a n d s c a p i n g m a i n t e n a n c e . T h e a n n u a l e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n o f th e l a n ds c a p i n g
c a re e q u i p m e n t s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d a s e i t h e r th e a c tu a l fu e l / e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n o f th e l a n ds c a p i n g c a re
e qu i p m e n t o r a de fa u l t v a l u e o f 0 . 0 0 1 8 kW h ( 6 B tu ) p e r l a n ds c a p e d s q u a re fo o t p e r y e a r ( 0 . 0 1 8 9 kW h p e r
s qu a re m e tre p e r y e a r) .
5.3.2 Hourly Site Energy Conversion Factors. W h e re s i t e e n e rg y i s re qu i re d fo r h o u rl y s o u rc e e n e rg y
c a l c u l a ti o n s , th e s i te e n e rg y du ri n g th a t h o u r s h a l l b e re c o rde d fo r h o u rl y s o u rc e e n e rg y c al c u l a t i o n s i n S e c -
ti o n 6 . 2 . 2 . T h e a nn u a l s u m m a ry b y e n e rg y fo rm s h a l l b e re p o rte d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n d i x A F o rm 2 .
6. SOURCE ENERGY PERFORMANCE
6.1 Calculation. T h e a n n u a l s o u rc e e n e rg y o f a s i te a n d a ddi ti o n a l qu a l i fi e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s h a l l b e
re p o rte d u s i n g N o rm a ti v e A p p e n d i x A F o rm 3 i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 6 . 2 a n d 6 . 3 a n d S e c t i o n 8 b a s e d
o n e n e rg y fl o w s i de n ti fi e d i n S e c ti o n s 5 a n d 8 .
Table 1 Annual Source Energy Conversion Factors for United States and Canada
Source Energy
a b
Form 2 Row Energy Form C onversion Factor
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c tri c i ty Ta b l e 2 o r Ta b l e 3
1 b I m p o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty N o te s a . a n d c .
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a t u ra l g a s 1 . 0 9
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e n a tu ra l g a s N o te c .
3 I m p o rte d s te a m 1 . 8 3 o r N o te c .
4 I m p o rte d h o t w a te r 1 . 7 3 o r N o te c .
5 I m p o rt e d c h i l l e d w a te r 0 . 6 2 o r N o te c .
6 a I m p o rte d fu e l o i l 1 . 1 9
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e fu e l o i l N o t e c .
7 a I m p o rte d p ro p a n e 1 . 1 5
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p a n e N o te c .
8 I m p o rte d c o a l o r o th e r 1 . 0 5 o r N o te c .
9 I m p o rte d b i o m a s s N o te c .
1 0 O n - s i te n o n re ne w a b l e e ne rg y N o te c .
1 1 a I m p o rte d Tra ns p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y N o te c .
1 1 b I m p o rte d l a n ds c ap i ng e n e rg y N o te c .
1 2 E x p o rte d n o n re ne w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty 1 . 0 0
1 3 E x p o rte d re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty Ta b l e 2 o r Tab l e 3
1 4 E x p o rte d s te a m 1 . 8 3 o r N o te c .
1 5 E x p o rte d h o t w a te r 1 . 7 3 o r N o te c .
1 6 E x p o rte d c h i l l e d w ate r 0 . 6 2 o r N o te c .
1 7 E x p o rte d o th e r 1 . 0 5 o r N o te c .
1 8 E x p o rte d tra ns p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y N o te c .
a . G r i d e n e rg y fo rm s a r e fro m th e e l e c tr i c g ri d o r fu e l u t i l i ty o r di s tri b u ti o n s y s t e m . S p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s a re fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i d e r m e e ti n g
t h e re qu i re m e n ts o f th e a do p ti n g au t h o ri t y.
b . F o r l o c at i o n s o u t s i d e t h e U n i te d S t at e s o r C a n ada , t h e a d o p ti n g au t h o r i t y s h al l fi l l i n Ta b l e 1 w i t h s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fa c t o rs .
c . A qu al i fi e d p e rs o n s h al l p ro v i d e th e s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fac to r.
Table 2 Regional Electricity Source Energy Conversion Factors for the United States
eGRID 201 8 eGRID 201 8 Source Energy
Subregion Acronym Subregion Name C onversion Factor
A KG D A S C C A l as ka G ri d 2 . 6 6
A KM S A S C C M i s c e l l a ne o u s 1 . 9 1
E RC T E RC O T A l l 2 . 5 1
F RC C F RC C A l l 2 . 7 7
H I M S H I C C M i s c e l l a n e o us 2 . 9 0
H I O A H I C C O a h u 3 . 5 1
Informative Note: A m ap o f e G RI D z o n e s i n t h e U n i te d S t ate s c an b e fo u n d at e p a . g o v /e g ri d /p o w e r- p ro fi l e r.
Table 2 Regional Electricity Source Energy Conversion Factors for the United States (Co n tin ue d)
eGRID 2018 eGRID 2018 Source Energy

Subregion Acronym Subregion Name Conversion Factor
M RO E M RO E a s t 3 . 0 7
M RO W M RO We s t 2 . 6 9
N Y L I N P C C L o n g I s l a n d 3 . 3 6
N E W E N P C C N e w E n g l an d 2 . 7 7
N Y C W N P C C N Y C /We s tc h e s te r 2 . 9 4
N Y U P N P C C U p s ta te N Y 2 . 2 3
RF C E RF C E a s t 2 . 9 5
RF C M RF C M i c h i g a n 2 . 9 7
RF C W RF C We s t 3 . 0 8
S RM W S E RC M i dw e s t 3 . 1 4
S RM V S E RC M i s s i s s i p p i Va l l e y 2 . 7 8
S RS O S E RC S o uth 2 . 8 6
S RT V S E RC Te nn e s s e e Val l e y 2 . 9 4
S RV C S E RC Vi rg i n i a /C a ro l i n a 2 . 9 9
S P N O S P P N o rt h 2 . 6 7
S P S O S P P S o u th 2 . 6 1
C A M X W E C C C al i fo rni a 2 . 0 7
N W P P W E C C N o rth w e s t 1 . 9 3
RM PA W E C C Ro c ki e s 2 . 5 9
A Z N M W E C C S o u th w e s t 2 . 8 7
Table 3 Regional Electricity Source Energy Conversion Factors for Canada

Source Energy
Abbreviation Province or Territory Conversion Factor
Y T Yu ko n 1 . 2 1
N T N o rth w e s t Te rri to ri e s 1 . 9 5
N U N u na v u t 3 . 6 6
B C B ri t i s h C o l u mb i a 1 . 1 1
A B A l b e rta 2 . 8 8
S K S a s katc h e w a n 2 . 6 7
M B M a ni to b a 1 . 0 5
O N O nta ri o 2 . 6 3
Q C Q ue b e c 1 . 0 7
N B N e w B ru n s w i c k 2 . 7 1
N L N e w fo u n dl an d a n d L a b ra do r 1 . 1 5
N S N o v a S c o ti a 2 . 8 4
P E P ri n c e E dw a rd I s l a n d 2 . 7 1
Table 4 Hourly Electric Generation Mix and Source Energy Conversion Factors
Hourly Generation Mix Source Energy
Generation Type (fraction of whole) Conversion Factor
C o a l N o te a . 3 . 4 1
O i l N o te a . 3 . 1 7
N a tu ra l g a s N o te a . 2 . 5 1
N u c l e ar N o te a . 3 . 3 9
H y dro N o t e a . 1 . 0 5
B i o m a s s N o te a. N o te b .
Wi n d N o te a . 1 . 0 5
S o l a r N o te a . 1 . 0 5
G e o th e rm a l N o te a . 1 . 0 5
O th e r N o te a . 5 . 1 8
To t al 1 . 0 0
a . T h e q u a l i fi e d p e rs o n s h al l p ro v i d e h o u rl y g e n e ra ti o n m i x an d t o ta l s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fa c to r.
b . T h e A H J s h al l ap p ro v e t h e s o urc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fac to r fo r e a c h s o u rc e o f b i o m as s .
Informative Note: A S H RA E S tan dard 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm at i v e A p p e n di x J p ro v i de s g u i dan c e o n s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fac to rs fo r b i o m as s . S e e I n fo r-
m at i v e A p p e n d i x F .
6.2 Source Energy Conversion Factors. S o u rc e e n e rg y u s e s h a l l b e c a l c ul a t e d i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n
6 . 2 . 1 o r 6 . 2 . 2 .
6.2.1 Annual Source Energy Conversion Factors. S o urc e e n e rg y c ro s s i ng th e s i te b o un dary s h al l b e c al -
c ul a te d b y mu l ti p l y i n g th e s i te e n e rg y b y e n e rg y fo rm re p o rte d u s i n g N o rm a ti v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 2 b y th e
s o urc e e n e rg y c o nv e rs i o n fac to rs i n Tab l e 1 . W h e re a b ui l di n g i m p o rts e ne rg y fro m a s p e c i fi c o ff- s i te e ne rg y
p ro v i de r, th e ado p ti n g auth o ri ty s h al l b e p e rm i tte d to u s e a s o urc e e ne rg y c o nv e rs i o n fa c to r i n Tab l e 4 th a t i s
ap p l i c ab l e to th at e n e rg y fo rm.
6.2.2 Hourly Source Energy Conversion Factors for Electricity. W h e re th e a d o p ti n g a u t h o ri ty de t e r-
m i n e s t h a t h o u rl y p o w e r g e n e ra ti o n m i x e s c a n b e a p p l i e d to i m p o rte d a n d e x p o rte d e l e c tri c i t y, a qu a l i fi e d
p e rs o n s h a l l c a l c u l a te th e t o ta l a n n u a l s o u rc e e n e rg y fro m a s o u rc e u s i n g th e s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fa c -
to rs i n Ta b l e 4 fo r t h e h o u rl y i m p o rte d a n d e x p o rte d e l e c tri c i t y b a s e d o n t h e e l e c tri c g e n e ra t i o n m i x du ri n g
th a t h o u r. T h e h o u rl y s o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e to ta l e d to de t e rm i n e th e a n n u a l s o u rc e e n e rg y an d s h a l l b e
re p o rt e d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 3 .
6.3 Annual Site Calculation. N e t s o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g s o u rc e e n e rg y c a l c u l a te d fro m
i m p o rte d e n e rg y m i n u s t h e to ta l o f e x p o rte d e n e rg y a n d a n y q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t
i n a c c o rda n c e w i th an d di s c o u n t e d a s de t e rm i n e d i n S e c ti o n 8 . T h e t o ta l s h a l l b e th e n e t fo r a n n u a l s o u rc e
e n e rg y i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h E qu a t i o n 1 .
Σ Eimp × (
S F
imp ) – [ Σ Eexp ×
( S F
exp ) + Σ Erec × ( S F
rec× D F
rec ) ] = Enet ( 1 )
w h e re
Eimp = i m p o rte d e n e rg y b y e n e rg y fo rm c ro s s i n g t h e s i te b o u n da ry
S F
imp = s o u rc e e n e rg y fa c to r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r i m p o rt e d e n e rg y c ro s s i n g th e s i t e b o u n da ry
Eexp = e x p o rt e d e n e rg y b y e n e rg y fo rm c ro s s i n g th e s i te b o u n da ry
exp
F
= s o u rc e e n e rg y fa c to r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r e x p o rte d e n e rg y c ro s s i n g th e s i t e b o u n d a ry
Erec = qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
rec
F
= s o u rc e e n e rg y fa c to r fo r q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
rec F
= di s c o u n t fac t o r fo r o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 8
Enet = n e t s o u rc e e n e rg y o f th e s i te
Informative Note: S e e S e c t i o n 8 . 2 fo r th e m a x i m u m l i m i t a l l o w e d o n th e o ff- s i te s o u rc e e n e rg y t e rm .
7. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE

7.1 Calculation. T h e a n n u a l g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s ( G H G ) o f a s i te s h a l l b e re p o rte d u s i n g N o rm a t i v e
A p p e n di x A F o rm 4 i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th S e c ti o n s 7 . 2 , 7 . 3 , a n d 7 . 4 , a n d S e c t i o n 8 b a s e d o n a n n u a l c a rb o n
re l a te d fl o w s c a l c u l a te d i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th S e c ti o n 5 , S e c t i o n 7 . 3 , a n d S e c ti o n 8 .
1 0 A N S I /A S H RA E S tan da rd 2 2 8 - 2 0 2 3
Table 5 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for the United States and Canada
GHG Factor,
Form 2 Row Energy Form a kg CO 2 e/kWh b
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c tri c i ty Ta b l e 6 o r Tab l e 7
1 b I m p o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty N o t e s a. a n d c .
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a tu ra l g a s 0 . 2 2 8
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e n a tu ra l g a s N o te c .
3 I m p o rte d s te a m 0 . 3 8 3 o r N o te c .
4 I m p o rte d h o t w a te r 0 . 3 6 2 o r N o te c .
5 I m p o rte d c h i l l e d w a te r 0 . 1 2 8 o r N o te c .
6 a I m p o rte d fu e l o i l 0 . 3 0 3
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e fu e l o i l N o te c .
7 a I m p o rte d p ro p a n e 0 . 2 6 1
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p a n e N o te c .
8 I m p o rte d c o al o r o th e r 0 . 3 4 2 o r N o te c .
9 I m p o rte d b i o m a s s N o te c .
1 0 O n- s i te n o nre n e w a b l e e n e rg y N o te c .
1 1 a I m p o rte d tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e ne rg y N o te c .
1 1 b I m p o rte d l a n ds c a p i n g e ne rg y N o t e c .
1 2 E x p o rte d n o n re n e w a b l e e l e c t ri c i ty N o te c .
1 3 E x p o rte d re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty Ta b l e 6 o r Ta b l e 7
1 4 E x p o rte d s te a m 0 . 3 8 3 o r N o te c .
1 5 E x p o rte d h o t w a te r 0 . 3 6 2 o r N o te c .
1 6 E x p o rte d c h i l l e d w a te r 0 . 1 2 8 o r N o te c .
1 7 E x p o rte d o th e r 0 . 3 4 2 o r N o te c .
1 8 E x p o rte d tran s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y N o te c .
a . G ri d e n e rg y fo r m s a re fro m t h e e l e c tri c g ri d o r fu e l u ti l i ty o r di s tri b u ti o n s y s t e m . S p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s are fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i de r m e e t i n g
b . F o r l o c a ti o n s o u ts i d e th e U n i t e d S t at e s o r C a n a da , th e ad o p t i n g au t h o ri ty s h al l fi l l i n Ta b l e 5 w i t h G H G fac t o rs .
c . A qu a l i fi e d p e rs o n s h a l l p ro v i de t h e G H G fa c t o r.
Table 6 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for United States
eGRID 2018 eGRID 2018 GHG Factor,
Subregion Acronym Subregion Name kg CO2 e/kWh
A KG D A S C C A l a s ka G ri d 0 . 5 7 6
A KM S A S C C M i s c e l l a ne o u s 0 . 2 9 7
E RC T E RC O T A l l 0 . 5 0 7
F RC C F RC C A l l 0 . 4 9 9
H I M S H I C C M i s c e l l an e o u s 0 . 6 7 0
H I O A H I C C O a h u 0 . 9 1 6
M RO E M RO E a s t 0 . 8 7 2
A N S I /A S H RA E S ta n dard 2 2 8 - 2 0 2 3 1 1
Table 6 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for United States (Co n tin ued)
eGRID 2018 eGRID 2018 GHG Factor,

Subregion Acronym Subregion Name kg CO2 e/kWh
M RO W M RO We s t 0 . 6 4 4
N Y L I N P C C L o n g I s l a nd 0 . 6 7 4
N E W E N P C C N e w E ng l a nd 0 . 3 1 2
N Y C W N P C C N Y C /We s tc h e s te r 0 . 3 5 6
N Y U P N P C C U p s ta te N Y 0 . 1 5 7
RF C E RF C E a s t 0 . 4 0 0
RF C M RF C M i c hi g a n 0 . 6 8 2
RF C W RF C We s t 0 . 6 1 1
S RM W S E RC M i dw e s t 0 . 8 2 6
S RM V S E RC M i s s i s s i p p i Va l l e y 0 . 4 8 3
S RS O S E RC S o u th 0 . 5 5 5
S RT V S E RC Te n ne s s e e Va l l e y 0 . 5 4 3
S RV C S E RC Vi rg i ni a /C a ro l i n a 0 . 4 0 7
S P N O S P P N o rth 0 . 6 0 1
S P S O S P P S o u th 0 . 6 1 8
C A M X W E C C C al i fo rn i a 0 . 2 7 6
N W P P W E C C N o rth w e s t 0 . 3 3 3
RM PA W E C C Ro c ki e s 0 . 6 5 7
A Z N M W E C C S o u th w e s t 0 . 5 4 9
Table 7 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for Canada
GHG Factor,
Abbreviation Province or Territory kg CO2 e/kWh
Y T Yu ko n 0 . 0 4 9
N T N o rth w e s t Te rri to ri e s 0 . 2 5 0
N U N u n a v u t 0 . 7 1 5
B C B ri ti s h C o l u m b i a 0 . 0 0 3
A B A l b e rta 0 . 5 4 7
S K S a s kat c h e w a n 0 . 6 3 8
M B M a n i to b a 0 . 0 0 3
O N O n ta ri o 0 . 0 1 3
Q C Q u e b e c 0 . 0 0 1
N B N e w B ru n s w i c k 0 . 2 9 5
N L N e w fo u n dl an d a n d L a b rado r 0 . 0 3 5
N S N o v a S c o ti a 0 . 6 7 7
P E P ri n c e E dw a rd I s l a n d 0 . 2 9 5
Informative Note: I f u s i n g I - P c al c u l at i o n s , m u l t i p l y th e kg C O
2
e / kW h e m i s s i o n s fac to rs b y 0 . 6 4 6 t o c o n v e rt to l b C O
2
e / kB tu .
Table 8 Hourly Generation Mix and Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors
Generation Mix, GHG Factor,
Generation Type % kg CO 2 e/kWh
C o a l N o te a . 1 . 1 0 6
O i l N o te a . 0 . 8 1 9
N a tu ra l g a s N o te a . 0 . 5 0 6
N u c l e ar N o te a . 0 . 0 4 2
H y dro N o te a . 0
Wi n d N o te a . 0
S o l ar N o te a . 0
G e o th e rm a l N o te a . 0
O t h e r N o te a . 0 . 9 5 3
To t al 1 0 0 N o te a .
a. T h e q u al i fi e d p e rs o n s h al l p ro v i d e h o u rl y g e n e ra ti o n m i x a n d to ta l G H G fac to r.
b . T h e A H J s h al l ap p ro v e t h e G H G fac t o r fo r e a c h s o u rc e o f b i o m as s .
Informative Notes:
• A S H RA E S tandard 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I nfo rm ati v e A p p e ndi x J p ro v i de s g ui danc e o n G H G fac to rs fo r b i o m as s . S e e I nfo rm ati v e A p p e ndi x F .
e / k W h e m i s s i o n s fac t o rs b y 0 . 6 4 6 to c o n v e rt t o l b C O e / kB tu .
• I f u s i n g I - P c al c u l at i o n s , m u l t i p l y t h e kg C O
2 2
Table 9 Typical Annual Refrigerant Leakage Rates by Equipment Type
Typical Annual Leakage Rate

Equipment Type of Refrigerant Mass Charge Per Year
1 S u p e rm a rke t re fri g e ra ti o n 3 0 %
3 C o m me rc i a l c o n de n s i n g u n i ts 1 5 %
4 Wa te r c h i l l e rs 5 %
5 H e rm e ti c un i t s w i th n o fi e l d i n s ta l l e d re fri g e ra n t p i p i n g 1 %
6 Ro o fto p u n i t a i r c o n di ti o n e r 6 %
7 Re s i de n ti al h e a t p u m p a n d ai r c o ndi ti o n e r 2 %
8 Va ri a b l e re fri g e ra n t fl o w a i r c o n di ti o ne r 1 0 %
9 O t h e r re fri g e ra ti o n 2 %
1 0 O th e r a i r c o ndi ti o n i n g 2 %
Table 1 0 Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (GWP)

GWP,
Refrigerant Type kg CO 2 e/kg refrigerant
H C F C - 2 2 1 7 6 0
H C F C - 1 2 3 7 9
H F C - 1 3 4 a 1 3 0 0
H C - 2 9 0 ( p ro p a n e ) 5
R- 4 0 4 A 4 9 7 0
R- 4 0 7 C 1 6 2 0
a. To b e a p p ro v e d b y t h e A H J .
Informative Note: I n fo rm at i o n o n th e 1 0 0 - y e ar fac t o rs fo r o th e r re fri g e ra n ts a re av ai l ab l e i n ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals ( 2 0 1 7 ) C h ap t e r 2 9 Ta b l e s
3 B an d 4 ( A R5 ) .
Table 1 0 Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (GWP) (Co n tin ue d)
GWP,
Refrigerant Type kg CO 2 e/kg refrigerant
R- 4 0 8 A 3 2 6 0
R- 4 1 0 A 1 9 2 0
R- 4 3 8 A 2 0 6 0
R- 5 0 4 4 3 0 0
R- 7 1 7 ( a m m o n i a ) 0
R- 7 4 4 ( C O ) 1
O th e r N o te a .
a. To b e a p p ro v e d b y t h e A H J .
Informative Note: I n fo rm at i o n o n th e 1 0 0 - y e ar fac t o rs fo r o th e r re fri g e ra n ts a re av ai l ab l e i n ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals ( 2 0 1 7 ) C h ap t e r 2 9 Ta b l e s
3 B an d 4 ( A R5 ) .
7.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors. G H G s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d u s i n g a c o n s i s te n t t i m e h o ri z o n b y a
qu a l i fi e d p e rs o n i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h S e c ti o n 7 . 3 an d e i th e r S e c ti o n 7 . 2 . 1 o r S e c ti o n 7 . 2 . 2 .
7.2.1 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors. G H G a s s o c i a te d w i th e n e rg y c ro s s i ng th e s i te b o u n d -
ary s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d b y m u l ti p l y i n g th e s i te e n e rg y b y e n e rg y fo rm re p o rte d u s i n g N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A
F o rm 2 b y th e G H G fa c to rs i n Ta b l e 5 . W h e re a b u i l di n g i m p o rts e n e rg y fro m a s p e c i fi c o ff- s i te e n e rg y p ro -
v i d e r, t h e a do p ti n g a u th o ri t y s h a l l b e p e rm i tt e d to u s e a G H G fa c to r i n Ta b l e 8 th a t i s a p p l i c a b l e to th a t
e n e rg y fo rm .
7.2.2 Hourly Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for Electricity. W h e re th e a d o p t i n g a u t h o ri ty de t e r-
m i n e s t h a t h o u rl y p o w e r g e n e ra ti o n m i x e s c a n b e a p p l i e d to i m p o rte d a n d e x p o rte d e l e c tri c i t y, a qu a l i fi e d
p e rs o n s h a l l c a l c u l a te t h e t o t al a n n u a l G H G u s i n g th e G H G fa c t o rs i n Ta b l e 8 fo r th e h o u rl y i m p o rt e d a n d
e x p o rte d e l e c tri c i ty b a s e d o n th e e l e c tri c g e n e ra t i o n m i x du ri n g t h a t h o u r. T h e h o u rl y G H G s h a l l b e to t a l e d
to de te rm i n e t h e a n n u a l G H G a n d s h a l l b e re p o rte d o n N o rm a t i v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 4 .
7.3 Refrigerant Leakage. P ro j e c ts s h a l l a c c o u n t fo r re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e a n d a s s o c i a te d G H G . T h e u n i t l e a k-
a g e s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d b y ta ki n g th e m a n u fa c tu re r’ s s p e c i fi e d c h a rg e a n d m u l ti p l y i n g i t b y t h e ty p i c a l a n n u a l
l e a ka g e ra te fo r th a t u n i t t y p e a s s h o w n i n Ta b l e 9 a n d b y th e g l o b a l w a rm i n g p o te n ti a l ( G W P ) a s s h o w n i n
Ta b l e 1 0 . A n n u a l re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e s h a l l b e c a l c ul a te d o n N o rm a ti v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 4 A a n d re p o rte d
o n F o rm 4 .
Exception to 7.3: E x i s t i n g s i te s m a y c a l c u l a te m as s l e a ka g e b as e d o n a c tu a l l e a ka g e de ri v e d fro m s e rv i c e
re c o rds an d re p o rt i n g .
7.4 Annual Site Calculation. G H G
net s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s c a l c u l a t e d fro m
i m p o rte d e n e rg y p l u s re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e m i n u s e x p o rt e d e n e rg y a n d a n y qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
a n d c a rb o n o ffs e t p ro c u re m e n t , i n a c c o rda n c e w i th a n d d i s c o u n t e d a s de t e rm i n e d i n S e c ti o n 8 . T h e to t a l
s h a l l b e t h e n e t fo r a n n u a l G H G i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h E q u a ti o n 2 .
G H G
net = [ Σ Eimp ×( G E F
imp ) + Σ ( RE F
leak × G E F
ref ) ] –
[ Σ Eexp ×(
G E F
exp ) + ( Erec × G E F
rec× D F
rec ) + C C O ] ( 2 )
w h e re
G H G
net = n e t g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s o f t h e s i te
G E F
imp = g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n fa c t o r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r i m p o rt e d e n e rg y c ro s s i n g t h e s i te b o u n da ry
RE F
leak = re fri g e ra n t m a s s l e a ka g e a c ro s s th e s i te b o u n da ry fo r e a c h t y p e o f re fri g e ra n t
G E F
ref = g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n fa c to r fo r e a c h ty p e o f re fri g e ra n t
Eexp = e x p o rt e d e n e rg y b y e n e rg y fo rm c ro s s i n g th e s i te b o u n da ry
G E F
exp = g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n fa c t o r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r e x p o rte d e n e rg y c ro s s i n g th e s i te b o u n da ry
Erec = qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y.
G E F
re = g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n fa c t o r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
DFrec = di s c o u n t fac t o r fo r o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 8
C C O = c re di te d c a rb o n o ffs e t i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 8
8. QUALIFICATIONS FOR OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND
CARBON OFFSET PROCUREMENT

8.1 C alculation. T h e qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p r o c u re m e n t s h a l l b e c a l c u l at e d a n d re p o rt e d
u s i n g N o rm a ti v e A p p e n di x A F o rm 5 , F o rm 5 A , a n d F o rm 5 B i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th S e c ti o n s 8 . 2 th ro u g h 8 . 5 .
T h e q u a l i fi e d c a rb o n o ffs e t p ro c u re m e n t s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d a n d re p o rt e d u s i n g N o rm a ti v e A p p e n di x A
F o rm 6 i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c t i o n s 8 . 6 t h ro u g h 8 . 9 .
8.1 .1 T h e di s c o u n te d q u a l i fi e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re d s h a l l b e v a l u e d a t a s o u rc e e n e rg y fa c to r s i m i -
l a r to t h a t u s e d to de te rm i n e t h e e qu i v a l e n t e x p o rt e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s h o w n i n Ta b l e 1 o r a s u s e d t o
c a l c u l a te d th e a n n u a l s u m o f t h e h o u rl y c a l c u l a ti o n u s i n g S e c ti o n 6 . 2 . 2 .
8.1 .2 T h e di s c o u n te d qu a l i fi e d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re d s h a l l b e v a l u e d a t a g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n
( G H G ) fa c to r s i m i l a r t o th a t u s e d to de t e rm i n e th e e qu i v a l e n t e x p o rte d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s h o w n i n
Ta b l e 5 o r a s de te rm i n e d i n t h e a n n u a l s u m o f t h e h o u rl y c a l c u l at i o n u s i n g S e c t i o n 7 . 2 . 2 .
8.2 Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement Limit. A n n u a l o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e s o u rc e e n e rg y p ro c u re -
m e n t, i n c l u d i n g t h e d i s c o u n t fa c to r g i v e n i n Ta b l e 1 5 , s h a l l b e l e s s th a n o r e qu a l t o t h e fo l l o w i n g :
a . F o r n o n re s i de n ti a l b u i l di n g s a n d s p a c e s : th e p ro du c t o f t h e g ro s s fl o o r a re a ( G FA ) o f th e n o n re s i de n t i a l
b u i l di n g a n d t h e a p p l i c a b l e s o u rc e e n e rg y l i m i t i n Ta b l e 1 1 ( I - P ) o r 1 3 ( S I )
b . F o r re s i de n t i a l b u i l di n g s a n d s p a c e s : th e p ro d u c t o f t h e G FA o f th e re s i de n ti a l b u i l di n g a n d th e a p p l i c a -
b l e s o u rc e e n e rg y l i m i t i n Ta b l e 1 2 ( I - P ) o r 1 4 ( S I )
8.3 Qualified Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement. P ro j e c t s s h a l l b e c re di te d fo r o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e
e n e rg y re s o u rc e s , p ro v i d e d th e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a te s a re re ti re d. P ro c u re d re n e w a b l e e n e rg y, b u t n o t
re n e w a b l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a t e s ( RE C s ) , i n e x c e s s o f th e s i te ’ s a n n u a l c o n s u m p ti o n s h a l l b e d i s tri b u t e d b y th e
o w n e r i n a m a n n e r t h a t do e s n o t i n c re a s e G H G . RE C s s h a l l b e c o n v e y e d to a n d re ti re d o n b e h a l f o f t h e e n t i t y
w h o h a s fi n a n c i a l o r o p e ra ti o n a l c o n tro l o v e r th e s i t e ’ s e n e rg y c o n s u m p t i o n . D o c u m e n ta ti o n s h a l l b e p ro -
v i d e d to th e a u th o ri t y h a v i n g j u ri s di c t i o n ( A H J ) t h a t i n di c a t e s a n e x c l u s i v e c h a i n o f c u s to dy a n d o w n e rs h i p
o f t h e RE C s , i n c l u di n g t h a t t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i s n o t a c c o u n t e d fo r i n th e g ri d p o w e r m i x .
8.4 Off-Site Renewable Energy Restrictions. O ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t s h a l l b e fro m fa c i l i -
ti e s l o c a t e d o n p ro p e rty o w n e d b y th e s i te ’ s o w n e r, b e fro m a c o m m u n i ty re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fa c i l i ty, o r b e
di re c t l y c o n tra c te d a n d p u rc h a s e d a c c o rd i n g l y fro m a th i rd p a rt y fo r a m i n i m u m o f 1 5 y e a rs . T h e g e n e ra ti o n
s o u rc e s h a l l b e l o c a te d w h e re th e e n e rg y i s c a p a b l e o f b e i n g d e l i v e re d to th e s i t e b y a n y o f t h e fo l l o w i n g :
a . B y di re c t c o n n e c ti o n t o t h e o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fa c i l i ty
b . B y t h e l o c a l u ti l i ty o r di s tri b u ti o n e n ti ty
c . B y a n i n t e rc o n n e c te d e l e c t ri c a l n e tw o rk w h e re e n e rg y de l i v e ry c a p a c i ty b e tw e e n th e g e n e ra to r a n d t h e
b u i l di n g s i te i s a v a i l a b l e
Informative Note: E x a m p l e s o f i n te rc o n n e c te d e l e c tri c a l n e tw o rks i n c l u de re g i o n al p o w e r p o o l s an d
re g i o n s s e rv e d b y i n de p e n de n t s y s t e m o p e ra t o rs o r re g i o n a l t ra n s m i s s i o n o rg a n i z a ti o n s .
8.5 Off-Site Renewable Energy Discounting. O ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s t h a t b e g a n o p e ra ti o n
p ri o r to J a n u a ry 1 , 2 0 2 2 , s h a l l b e di s c o u n te d b y th e fa c to rs i n Ta b l e 1 5 . F o r o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
re s o u rc e s t h a t b e g i n o p e ra ti o n o n o r a ft e r J a n u a ry 1 , 2 0 2 2 , a fa c t o r o f 0 . 9 5 o r a s de te rm i n e d b y th e A H J s h a l l
b e u s e d.
8.6 C arbon Offset Procurement. P ro j e c t s s h a l l b e c re di te d fo r p ro c u re d c a rb o n o ffs e t s , p ro v i de d t h e c a r-
b o n o ffs e t s c o n s i s t o f c a rb o n s e q u e s t e re d w i t h i n 1 2 c a l e n d a r m o n th s o f th e e m i s s i o n s th e p ro j e c t i s o ffs e t-
ti n g . A q u a l i fi e d p e rs o n s h a l l do c u m e n t o ffs e t p e rm a n e n c e , a dd i ti o n a l i ty, t ra n s p a re n c y, a n e x c l u s i v e c h a i n o f
c u s to d y, a n d s o l e o w n e rs h i p o f th e p ro c u re d c a rb o n o ffs e ts , t h e i r c e rti fi c a ti o n , t he i r re t i re m e n t , a n d v e ri fi c a -
ti o n t h a t e n v i ro n m e n t a l j u s t i c e a n d s o c i a l e qu i ty c o n s i de ra ti o n s e x i s t to p re v e n t t ra n s fe r o f b u rd e n s to c o m -
m u n i t i e s n o t c o n n e c te d to th e b u i l d i n g p ro j e c t.
8.7 Credited C arbon Offset Limit and Procurement. A n n u a l c re di t e d c a rb o n o ffs e ts s h a l l b e l e s s t h a n o r
e qu a l to th e G H G e m i s s i o n s c a l c u l a te d fro m re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e p l u s 2 0 % o f t h e G H G e m i s s i o n s c a l c u l a t e d
fro m i m p o rte d e n e rg y i n a c c o rda n c e w i th E qu a t i o n 3 . A m i n i m u m o f fi v e u n i ts o f c a rb o n o ffs e t s h a l l b e p ro -
c u re d fo r e a c h u n i t o f c re d i te d c a rb o n o ffs e t.
C C O  Σ ( RE F
leak × G E F
ref ) + [ 0 . 2 0 × Σ Eimp × ( G E F
imp ) ] ( 3 )
w h e re
C C O = c re d i t e d c a rb o n o ffs e t
Table 11 Procured Off-Site Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/ft2·yr)—Nonresidential (I-P)
1
6
C limate Zone 1A 2A 2B 3A 3 B-C 3 B-O 3C 4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 5C 6A 6B 7 8
1 A dm i n i s tra ti v e /p ro fe s s i o n a l o ffi c e 3 1 3 2 2 9 3 3 2 4 2 9 2 4 2 8 2 4 3 0 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 7 2 5 2 9 4 1
2 B a nk/o t h e r fi n an c i a l 4 4 4 6 4 1 4 7 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 0 3 4 4 3 3 5 3 4 3 4 3 8 3 6 4 1 5 8
3 G o v e rn m e n t o ffi c e 3 9 4 0 3 6 4 1 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 8 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 4 3 1 3 6 5 1
4 M e di c al o ffi c e ( n o n di a g n o s ti c ) 2 7 2 7 2 5 2 8 2 1 2 4 2 0 2 4 2 0 2 6 2 1 2 0 2 0 2 3 2 1 2 5 3 5
5 M i x e d- us e o ffi c e 3 6 3 7 3 4 3 8 2 8 3 3 2 8 3 3 2 7 3 5 2 8 2 8 2 8 3 1 2 9 3 4 4 7
6 O th e r o ffi c e 3 0 3 1 2 8 3 2 2 3 2 8 2 3 2 7 2 3 2 9 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 6 2 4 2 8 4 0
7 L a b o ra to ry 1 4 3 1 4 1 1 2 7 1 4 0 1 0 9 1 2 2 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 0 4 1 3 4 1 0 6 1 0 7 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 2 1 2 6 1 6 7
8 D i s t ri b u ti o n/s h i p p i n g c e nt e r 1 0 1 3 1 2 1 6 8 1 3 1 0 1 7 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 7 1 5 2 5 2 1 3 0 5 7
9 N o n re fri g e ra te d w a re h o us e 5 6 6 8 4 6 5 8 7 8 9 8 7 1 2 1 0 1 5 2 8
1 0 C o n v e n i e n c e s to re 1 0 8 1 1 7 1 0 0 1 2 1 9 4 1 0 3 1 0 2 1 0 3 9 0 1 1 8 9 0 9 2 1 0 2 9 8 9 5 1 0 5 1 3 3
1 1 C o n v e ni e nc e s to re w i th g a s s ta ti o n 8 7 9 4 8 1 9 8 7 6 8 3 8 2 8 3 7 3 9 5 7 3 7 4 8 3 7 9 7 7 8 5 1 0 7
1 2 G ro c e ry s to re /fo o d m a rke t 9 0 9 8 8 4 1 0 1 7 8 8 6 8 5 8 6 7 5 9 8 7 5 7 7 8 5 8 1 7 9 8 8 1 1 1
1 3 O th e r fo o d s a l e s 2 7 3 0 2 5 3 1 2 4 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 3 3 0 2 3 2 3 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 7 3 3
1 4 F i re s t a ti o n /p o l i c e s tat i o n 5 3 5 2 4 7 5 1 4 0 4 5 4 2 4 5 3 8 4 9 3 9 3 9 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 6 6 2
1 5 O th e r p ub l i c o rde r a n d s a fe ty 4 8 4 7 4 2 4 7 3 7 4 1 3 8 4 1 3 5 4 5 3 6 3 6 3 7 3 9 3 8 4 2 5 6
1 6 M e di c a l o ffi c e ( di ag n o s t i c ) 2 7 2 6 2 4 2 6 2 2 2 4 1 9 2 0 1 8 2 1 1 5 1 7 1 7 1 6 1 6 1 5 1 8
1 7 C l i n i c / o th e r o u tp a t i e n t h e a l th 4 0 3 9 3 6 3 8 3 3 3 6 2 9 3 0 2 7 3 2 2 3 2 5 2 6 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 6
1 8 Re fri g e ra te d w a re h o us e 5 5 5 5 4 9 5 4 4 2 4 7 4 4 4 7 4 0 5 2 4 1 4 1 4 3 4 5 4 3 4 9 6 5
1 9 Re l i g i o u s w o rs h i p 1 9 1 9 1 7 1 8 1 4 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 4 1 8 1 4 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 7 2 2
A
2 0 E n te rtai n me n t/c u l tu re 1 9 1 8 1 6 1 8 1 4 1 6 1 5 1 6 1 4 1 7 1 4 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 6 2 2
N
S
I
2 1 L i b ra ry 4 9 4 9 4 4 4 8 3 7 4 2 3 9 4 2 3 6 4 6 3 6 3 7 3 8 4 0 3 9 4 3 5 7
/
SA
2 2 Re c re a ti o n 2 1 2 1 1 9 2 1 1 6 1 8 1 7 1 8 1 5 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 9 2 5
H
RA
2 3 S o c i a l /m e e ti n g 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 7 1 9 1 8 1 9 1 6 2 1 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 7 1 9 2 6
E
S
2 4 O th e r p u b l i c a s s e m b l y 2 3 2 2 2 0 2 2 1 7 1 9 1 8 1 9 1 7 2 1 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 8 2 0 2 6
t
na
d
2 5 C o l l e g e /u n i v e rs i ty 5 0 4 9 4 5 5 0 3 3 4 3 3 7 4 6 3 7 4 9 4 1 3 8 4 1 4 8 4 3 5 2 7 8
r
2da
2 6 E l e m e n ta ry /m i ddl e s c h o o l 3 0 3 0 2 7 3 0 2 3 2 6 2 3 2 5 2 2 2 7 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 5 3 6
2
8
-
2
2 7 H i g h s c h o o l 3 6 3 6 3 3 3 6 2 4 3 2 2 7 3 3 2 6 3 5 2 9 2 7 2 9 3 3 3 0 3 6 5 4
0
2
3
2 8 P re s c h o o l /da y c a re 3 9 3 8 3 4 3 8 2 9 3 3 3 0 3 3 2 8 3 5 2 8 2 7 2 8 3 0 2 8 3 2 4 7
2 9 O t h e r c l as s ro o m e du c a ti o n 2 0 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 4 1 8 1 5 1 8 1 5 2 0 1 6 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 7 2 0 3 0
Informative Note: C l i m at e z o n e l o c at i o n s r e fe re n c e d b y c o u n t y are av a i l a b l e at A N S I / A S H RA E S ta n da rd 9 0 . 1 .

Table 11 Procured Off-Site Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/ft2·yr)—Nonresidential (I-P) (Co n tin ue d)

A
3 0 F a s t fo o d 2 1 0 2 1 5 1 9 5 2 2 1 1 7 6 1 9 7 1 8 2 1 9 1 1 6 8 2 1 2 1 6 8 1 7 2 1 8 1 1 8 3 1 7 7 1 9 8 2 5 1
N
S
I
/
3 1 Re s ta u ra n t/c afe te ri a 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 0 4 1 2 0 9 3 1 0 6 9 9 1 0 3 9 1 1 1 7 9 1 9 3 1 0 2 9 9 9 6 1 0 7 1 3 5
S
HA
3 2 O th e r fo o d s e rv i c e 6 2 6 4 5 7 6 6 5 1 5 8 5 4 5 7 5 0 6 4 5 0 5 1 5 6 5 4 5 2 5 9 7 4
RA
3 3 H o s p i tal /i n p a ti e n t h e a l th 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 0 4 1 1 3 9 9 1 0 3 9 4 9 0 7 7 1 0 1 7 0 7 2 8 3 7 2 6 9 7 2 8 4
E
S
t
3 4 N u rs i n g h o m e /a s s i s te d l i v i n g 6 8 6 7 6 0 6 6 5 1 5 8 5 4 5 7 4 9 6 3 5 0 5 0 5 2 5 5 5 3 5 9 7 9
n
da
a
3 5 D o rm i to ry /fra te rn i ty /s o ro ri ty 3 2 3 4 3 1 3 8 2 3 3 2 2 9 3 6 2 9 4 0 3 3 3 1 3 2 3 8 3 5 4 3 6 0
2
2 rd
3 6 H o te l 4 0 4 1 3 6 4 1 3 5 3 6 3 5 3 4 3 1 3 9 2 9 3 1 3 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 8
8
-
2
0
3 7 M o te l o r i nn 4 5 4 2 3 9 4 1 3 5 3 7 3 4 3 2 3 0 3 6 2 7 2 9 3 0 2 8 2 8 2 9 3 5
2
3
3 8 O the r l o dg i n g 4 3 4 0 3 7 3 9 3 4 3 6 3 2 3 1 2 9 3 4 2 6 2 7 2 9 2 7 2 7 2 8 3 3
3 9 Ve h i c l e de a l e rs hi p / s h o w ro o m 3 9 4 0 3 6 4 2 2 8 3 5 3 0 3 7 3 1 3 9 3 4 3 3 3 6 3 9 3 7 4 4 6 3
4 0 Re ta i l s t o re 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 4 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 1 1 8 2 2 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 3 2 1 2 5 3 6
4 1 O the r re ta i l 3 9 4 0 3 6 4 2 2 8 3 5 3 0 3 7 3 1 3 9 3 4 3 3 3 5 3 9 3 7 4 4 6 3
4 2 P o s t o ffi c e /p o s t al c e nt e r 3 4 3 4 3 0 3 3 2 6 2 9 2 7 2 9 2 5 3 2 2 5 2 6 2 6 2 8 2 7 3 0 4 0
4 3 Re p a i r s h o p 2 3 2 3 2 0 2 2 1 7 2 0 1 8 1 9 1 7 2 1 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 8 2 0 2 7
4 4 Ve h i c l e s e rv i c e /re p ai r s h o p 2 6 2 6 2 3 2 6 2 0 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 9 2 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 1
4 5 Ve h i c l e s to ra g e / ma i nte na n c e 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 9 1 0 9 1 0 8 1 1 8 9 9 9 9 1 0 1 3
4 6 O th e r s e rv i c e 4 8 4 8 4 3 4 7 3 7 4 1 3 9 4 1 3 5 4 5 3 6 3 6 3 7 4 0 3 8 4 3 5 6
4 7 S tri p s h o p p i n g ma l l 4 7 4 7 4 3 5 0 3 4 4 2 3 7 4 5 3 7 4 7 4 1 4 0 4 4 4 8 4 5 5 3 7 6
4 8 E n c l o s e d m a l l 4 5 4 5 4 1 4 7 3 2 4 0 3 5 4 3 3 5 4 5 3 9 3 8 4 2 4 5 4 2 5 1 7 3
Table 1 2 Procured Off-Site Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/ft2·yr)—Residential (I-P)

C limate Zone 1A 2A 2B 3A 3 B-C 3B-O 3C 4A 4B 4C 5A 5B 5C 6A 6B 7 8
4 9 M o b i l e /m a n u fa c tu re d h o m e 3 0 3 2 2 9 3 6 2 2 3 0 2 7 3 4 2 7 3 8 3 1 3 0 3 0 3 6 3 3 4 0 5 6
5 0 S i n g l e - fa m i l y de ta c h e d 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 6 1 6 2 2 2 0 2 5 2 0 2 8 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 5 3 0 4 2
5 1 S i n g l e - fa m i l y a tta c h e d 2 6 2 7 2 5 3 0 1 9 2 6 2 3 2 9 2 3 3 2 2 7 2 5 2 6 3 0 2 8 3 5 4 8
5 2 A p a rtm e nt ( i n 2 to 4 u n i t b ui l di n g ) 3 8 4 0 3 7 4 5 2 8 3 8 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 8 3 9 3 7 3 7 4 5 4 2 5 1 7 1
5 3 A p a rtm e nt ( i n 5 + u n i t b u i l di n g ) 2 6 2 7 2 5 3 0 1 9 2 6 2 3 2 9 2 3 3 2 2 7 2 5 2 6 3 0 2 8 3 5 4 8

1
7
Table 1 3 Procured Offsite Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/m 2·yr)—Nonresidential (SI)
1
8
1 A dm i n i s tra ti v e /p ro fe s s i o n al o ffi c e 3 3 7 3 4 7 3 1 3 3 5 7 2 6 2 3 1 0 2 5 9 3 0 6 2 5 6 3 2 5 2 6 3 2 5 7 2 5 7 2 9 1 2 7 0 3 1 4 4 4 0
2 B a nk/o th e r fi n a nc i a l 4 7 8 4 9 3 4 4 5 5 0 7 3 7 1 4 4 0 3 6 7 4 3 5 3 6 3 4 6 2 3 7 3 3 6 4 3 7 0 4 1 3 3 8 3 4 4 6 6 2 5
3 G o v e rn m e n t o ffi c e 4 2 0 4 3 3 3 9 1 4 4 6 3 2 6 3 8 6 3 2 3 3 8 2 3 1 9 4 0 6 3 2 8 3 2 0 3 2 3 3 6 3 3 3 7 3 9 2 5 5 0
4 M e di c a l o ffi c e ( no n di a g n o s ti c ) 2 8 7 2 9 6 2 6 7 3 0 4 2 2 3 2 6 4 2 2 0 2 6 1 2 1 8 2 7 7 2 2 4 2 1 8 2 1 8 2 4 8 2 3 0 2 6 8 3 7 5
5 M i x e d- u s e o ffi c e 3 9 0 4 0 2 3 6 3 4 1 3 3 0 3 3 5 8 2 9 9 3 5 4 2 9 6 3 7 6 3 0 4 2 9 7 2 9 7 3 3 7 3 1 2 3 6 3 5 0 9
6 O th e r o ffi c e 3 2 5 3 3 5 3 0 3 3 4 5 2 5 3 2 9 9 2 5 0 2 9 6 2 4 7 3 1 4 2 5 4 2 4 8 2 5 1 2 8 1 2 6 1 3 0 3 4 2 5
7 L a b o ra to ry 1 5 4 0 1 5 2 2 1 3 6 3 1 5 0 4 1 1 7 3 1 3 1 7 1 2 3 4 1 3 0 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 0 1 1 3 9 1 1 4 8 1 1 9 4 1 2 5 9 1 2 0 8 1 3 5 3 1 7 9 8
8 D i s tri b u ti o n /s h i p p i ng c e n te r 1 0 6 1 3 5 1 3 1 1 7 1 8 5 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 4 6 1 7 6 1 9 4 1 8 4 1 5 8 2 6 7 2 3 0 3 2 6 6 1 2
9 N o n re fri g e ra te d w a re h o u s e 5 1 6 5 6 4 8 3 4 1 6 9 5 4 8 8 7 1 8 5 9 4 8 9 7 9 1 2 9 1 1 2 1 5 8 2 9 6
1 0 C o nv e n i e n c e s to re 1 1 6 3 1 2 6 1 1 0 8 2 1 3 0 7 1 0 1 3 1 1 0 8 1 0 9 8 1 1 1 4 9 6 9 1 2 6 5 9 7 3 9 9 3 1 1 0 2 1 0 5 1 1 0 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 4 2 9
1 1 C o n v e n i e nc e s to re w i th g a s s ta ti o n 9 3 7 1 0 1 6 8 7 1 1 0 5 3 8 1 6 8 9 3 8 8 5 8 9 7 7 8 1 1 0 1 9 7 8 4 8 0 0 8 9 1 8 4 7 8 2 4 9 1 2 1 1 5 1
1 2 G ro c e ry s to re /fo o d m a rke t 9 6 9 1 0 5 1 9 0 1 1 0 8 9 8 4 4 9 2 4 9 1 5 9 2 8 8 0 8 1 0 5 4 8 1 0 8 2 7 9 1 7 8 7 6 8 5 2 9 4 3 1 1 9 0
1 3 O th e r fo o d s a l e s 2 9 3 3 1 8 2 7 3 3 3 0 2 5 6 2 8 0 2 7 7 2 8 1 2 4 5 3 1 9 2 4 5 2 5 0 2 7 7 2 6 5 2 5 8 2 8 6 3 6 0
1 4 F i re s ta ti o n /p o l i c e s ta ti o n 5 6 7 5 6 1 5 0 2 5 5 4 4 3 2 4 8 5 4 5 5 4 7 9 4 1 3 5 3 0 4 1 9 4 2 3 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 4 5 4 9 8 6 6 2
1 5 O th e r p u b l i c o rde r a n d s afe ty 5 1 7 5 1 1 4 5 7 5 0 5 3 9 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 4 3 7 3 7 6 4 8 3 3 8 2 3 8 5 4 0 3 4 2 3 4 0 5 4 5 4 6 0 3
1 6 M e di c a l o ffi c e ( di a g n o s ti c ) 2 8 9 2 7 9 2 5 9 2 7 5 2 4 0 2 5 7 2 0 8 2 1 3 1 9 7 2 2 7 1 6 6 1 8 2 1 8 5 1 6 9 1 7 2 1 6 6 1 9 0
1 7 C l i n i c /o th e r o u tp a ti e n t h e a l th 4 3 3 4 1 8 3 8 9 4 1 3 3 6 0 3 8 5 3 1 2 3 1 9 2 9 6 3 4 0 2 4 9 2 7 4 2 7 7 2 5 4 2 5 9 2 5 0 2 8 5
1 8 Re fri g e ra te d w a re h o u s e 5 9 7 5 9 0 5 2 8 5 8 3 4 5 4 5 1 0 4 7 8 5 0 4 4 3 5 5 5 8 4 4 1 4 4 5 4 6 2 4 8 8 4 6 8 5 2 4 6 9 6
1 9 Re l i g i o u s w o rs h i p 2 0 2 2 0 0 1 7 9 1 9 8 1 5 4 1 7 3 1 6 2 1 7 1 1 4 7 1 8 9 1 5 0 1 5 1 1 5 8 1 6 5 1 5 9 1 7 8 2 3 6
A
2 0 E n te rta i n m e n t/c u l tu re 2 0 1 1 9 8 1 7 8 1 9 6 1 5 3 1 7 2 1 6 1 1 7 0 1 4 6 1 8 8 1 4 8 1 5 0 1 5 8 1 6 4 1 5 7 1 7 6 2 3 4
N
S
I
2 1 L i b ra ry 5 3 0 5 2 3 4 6 9 5 1 7 4 0 3 4 5 3 4 2 4 4 4 8 3 8 6 4 9 5 3 9 2 3 9 5 4 0 9 4 3 3 4 1 5 4 6 5 6 1 8
/
SA
2 2 Re c re a ti o n 2 2 8 2 2 6 2 0 2 2 2 3 1 7 4 1 9 5 1 8 3 1 9 3 1 6 6 2 1 3 1 6 9 1 7 0 1 7 8 1 8 7 1 7 9 2 0 1 2 6 7
H
RA
2 3 S o c i a l /m e e ti n g 2 3 8 2 3 5 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 8 1 2 0 4 1 9 1 2 0 1 1 7 3 2 2 3 1 7 6 1 7 8 1 8 5 1 9 5 1 8 7 2 0 9 2 7 8
E
S
2 4 O th e r p ub l i c a s s e m b l y 2 4 4 2 4 1 2 1 6 2 3 8 1 8 6 2 0 9 1 9 6 2 0 6 1 7 8 2 2 8 1 8 0 1 8 2 1 9 1 1 9 9 1 9 1 2 1 4 2 8 5
t
na
d
2 5 C o l l e g e /u n i v e rs i ty 5 3 3 5 3 0 4 5 7 5 3 5 3 4 0 4 4 2 3 6 5 4 0 2 3 1 2 4 9 9 2 7 8 3 0 4 3 5 0 3 2 0 3 1 0 3 5 0 5 1 9
r
2da
2 6 E l e m e n tary /m i ddl e s c h o o l 3 2 6 3 2 1 2 8 7 3 2 1 2 4 3 2 7 8 2 4 8 2 7 4 2 3 1 2 9 1 2 3 0 2 2 6 2 3 1 2 5 1 2 3 4 2 6 6 3 9 1
2
8
-
2
2 7 H i g h s c h o o l 3 8 9 3 8 7 3 5 0 3 9 2 2 6 1 3 3 9 2 8 6 3 5 3 2 8 4 3 8 0 3 1 1 2 9 2 3 1 0 3 5 9 3 2 4 3 9 3 5 8 2
0
2
3
2 8 P re s c ho o l /da y c are 4 2 1 4 1 4 3 7 0 4 1 4 3 1 3 3 5 8 3 2 0 3 5 3 2 9 8 3 7 5 2 9 6 2 9 1 3 0 4 3 2 4 3 0 2 3 4 3 5 0 4
2 9 O th e r c l a s s ro o m e du c a ti o n 2 1 8 2 1 6 1 9 6 2 1 9 1 4 6 1 9 0 1 6 0 1 9 7 1 5 9 2 1 3 1 7 4 1 6 3 1 7 8 2 0 1 1 8 1 2 2 0 3 2 6

Table 1 3 Procured Offsite Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/m 2·yr)—Nonresidential (SI) (Co n tin ued)

A
3 0 F a s t fo o d 2 2 6 0 2 3 1 6 2 0 9 7 2 3 8 2 1 8 9 3 2 1 2 2 1 9 6 1 2 0 5 3 1 8 1 3 2 2 8 6 1 8 0 7 1 8 4 9 1 9 4 7 1 9 7 5 1 9 0 6 2 1 3 5 2 7 0 0
N
S
I
3 1 Re s ta u ra n t/c a fe te ri a 1 2 2 1 1 2 5 6 1 1 2 4 1 2 9 3 1 0 0 5 1 1 3 9 1 0 6 4 1 1 1 4 9 8 0 1 2 5 5 9 7 8 9 9 8 1 0 9 5 1 0 6 2 1 0 3 3 1 1 5 7 1 4 5 6
/
S
HA
3 2 O th e r fo o d s e rv i c e 6 6 8 6 8 6 6 1 4 7 0 7 5 4 9 6 2 3 5 8 2 6 0 9 5 3 6 6 8 6 5 3 4 5 4 6 6 0 1 5 8 0 5 6 5 6 3 2 7 9 6
RA
3 3 H o s p i ta l /i np a ti e n t h e a l th 1 2 2 4 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 0 6 7 1 1 0 4 1 0 1 2 9 6 4 8 3 4 1 0 8 8 7 5 7 7 7 6 8 9 1 7 7 3 7 4 6 7 8 0 9 0 0
E
S
t
3 4 N u rs i n g h o m e /a s s i s te d l i v i n g 7 2 7 7 1 8 6 4 3 7 1 0 5 5 3 6 2 1 5 8 2 6 1 4 5 2 9 6 7 9 5 3 7 5 4 2 5 6 1 5 9 4 5 7 0 6 3 9 8 4 8
n
da
a
3 5 D o rm i to ry /fra te rn i ty /s o ro ri ty 3 4 8 3 6 8 3 3 8 4 0 7 2 5 1 3 4 7 3 1 2 3 8 8 3 1 3 4 3 5 3 5 7 3 3 9 3 4 3 4 0 8 3 7 9 4 6 3 6 4 7
2 rd
3 6 H o te l 4 2 8 4 3 8 3 8 6 4 4 3 3 7 3 3 8 9 3 7 4 3 6 7 3 3 6 4 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 6 3 5 0 3 3 2 3 3 6 3 5 2 4 0 7
2
8
-
2
3 7 M o te l o r i n n 4 7 9 4 5 5 4 1 8 4 3 8 3 8 1 4 0 3 3 6 1 3 4 7 3 2 2 3 8 5 2 8 8 3 0 9 3 2 3 3 0 3 2 9 9 3 1 1 3 7 3
0
2
3
3 8 O th e r l o dg i n g 4 5 8 4 3 5 4 0 0 4 1 8 3 6 4 3 8 5 3 4 5 3 3 2 3 0 8 3 6 8 2 7 5 2 9 6 3 1 0 2 9 0 2 8 6 2 9 7 3 5 6
3 9 Ve h i c l e de a l e rs h i p /s h o w ro o m 4 2 4 4 3 3 3 9 0 4 5 2 3 0 0 3 8 1 3 2 8 4 0 1 3 3 5 4 1 8 3 6 8 3 5 8 3 8 3 4 2 4 3 9 5 4 7 1 6 7 6
4 0 Re ta i l s to re 2 4 2 2 4 8 2 2 3 2 5 9 1 7 2 2 1 8 1 8 8 2 2 9 1 9 2 2 3 9 2 1 1 2 0 5 2 1 8 2 4 2 2 2 6 2 7 0 3 8 7
4 1 O th e r re ta i l 4 2 2 4 3 2 3 8 9 4 5 0 2 9 9 3 8 0 3 2 6 3 9 9 3 3 4 4 1 7 3 6 7 3 5 7 3 7 6 4 2 2 3 9 4 4 6 9 6 7 3
4 2 P o s t o ffi c e /p o s ta l c e n te r 3 6 9 3 6 5 3 2 6 3 6 0 2 8 1 3 1 5 2 9 6 3 1 2 2 6 9 3 4 5 2 7 3 2 7 5 2 8 4 3 0 2 2 8 9 3 2 4 4 3 1
4 3 Re p a i r s h o p 2 4 6 2 4 3 2 1 7 2 4 0 1 8 7 2 1 0 1 9 7 2 0 8 1 7 9 2 3 0 1 8 2 1 8 3 1 9 1 2 0 1 1 9 3 2 1 6 2 8 7
4 4 Ve h i c l e s e rv i c e /re p a i r s h o p 2 8 5 2 8 2 2 5 2 2 7 8 2 1 7 2 4 4 2 2 8 2 4 1 2 0 8 2 6 6 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 8 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 5 0 3 3 3
4 5 Ve h i c l e s to ra g e /m a i n te n an c e 1 2 4 1 2 2 1 0 9 1 2 1 9 4 1 0 6 9 9 1 0 5 9 0 1 1 6 9 1 9 2 9 9 1 0 1 9 7 1 0 9 1 4 4
4 6 O th e r s e rv i c e 5 2 1 5 1 5 4 6 1 5 0 9 3 9 7 4 4 5 4 1 8 4 4 0 3 7 9 4 8 7 3 8 5 3 8 8 4 0 3 4 2 6 4 0 9 4 5 8 6 0 8
4 7 S tri p s h o p p i n g m a l l 5 0 9 5 0 8 4 6 0 5 3 4 3 6 5 4 5 5 3 9 6 4 8 1 4 0 0 5 1 1 4 4 6 4 3 1 4 6 9 5 1 3 4 7 9 5 7 4 8 2 1
4 8 E n c l o s e d m a l l 4 8 5 4 8 4 4 3 8 5 0 8 3 4 8 4 3 3 3 7 7 4 5 8 3 8 1 4 8 7 4 2 5 4 1 0 4 4 9 4 8 8 4 5 6 5 4 7 7 8 2
Table 1 4 Procured Off-Site Source Energy Intensity Limit (kWh/m 2·yr)–Residential (SI)
4 9 M o b i l e /m a n u fa c tu re d h o m e 3 2 7 3 4 6 3 1 8 3 8 3 2 3 6 3 2 6 2 9 3 3 6 5 2 9 4 4 0 9 3 3 5 3 1 8 3 2 3 3 8 3 3 5 6 4 3 5 6 0 8
5 0 S i n g l e - fa m i l y de tac h e d 2 4 3 2 5 7 2 3 6 2 8 4 1 7 5 2 4 2 2 1 8 2 7 1 2 1 8 3 0 4 2 4 9 2 3 6 2 3 8 2 8 5 2 6 5 3 2 3 4 5 1
5 1 S i n g l e - fa m i l y a tta c h e d 2 7 9 2 9 5 2 7 1 3 2 7 2 0 2 2 7 9 2 5 0 3 1 2 2 5 1 3 5 0 2 8 7 2 7 2 2 7 7 3 2 8 3 0 5 3 7 2 5 2 0
5 2 A p artm e n t ( i n 2 to 4 un i t b u i l di n g ) 4 1 0 4 3 4 3 9 8 4 8 0 2 9 7 4 0 9 3 6 8 4 5 8 3 6 9 5 1 3 4 2 1 4 0 0 4 0 3 4 8 1 4 4 7 5 4 6 7 6 3
5 3 A p artm e n t ( i n 5 + u ni t b u i l di n g ) 2 7 9 2 9 5 2 7 1 3 2 7 2 0 2 2 7 8 2 5 0 3 1 2 2 5 1 3 4 9 2 8 6 2 7 2 2 7 7 3 2 7 3 0 4 3 7 2 5 1 9

1
9
Table 1 5 Off-Site Renewable Energy Discount Factor
Location of Off-Site Renewable Energy Source Discount Factor
C o m m u n i ty re ne w a b l e e n e rg y fa c i l i ty 0 . 8 5
D i re c tl y o w n e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s y s te m 0 . 8 0
P h y s i c al re ne w a b l e e n e rg y P PA 0 . 7 5
F i na n c i a l ( v i rt ua l ) re n e w a b l e e n e rg y P PA 0 . 7 5
Re n e w a b l e n a tu ra l g a s A H J
O th e r A H J
a. T h e fa c t o r s h o w n o r as de t e rm i n e d b y t h e A H J .
b . Re n e w ab l e n at u ral g as an d o t h e r s o u rc e s o f o ff- s i t e re n e w ab l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s s h a l l b e d i s c o u n t e d s u b j e c t t o t h e a p p ro v al o f t h e A H J .
G E F
imp = G H G e m i s s i o n fa c to r b y e n e rg y fo rm fo r i m p o rt e d e n e rg y c ro s s i n g th e s i t e b o u n d a ry
RE F
leak = re fri g e ra n t m a s s l e a ka g e a c ro s s th e s i te b o u n da ry fo r e a c h t y p e o f re fri g e ra n t
G E F
ref = G H G e m i s s i o n fa c to r fo r e a c h ty p e o f re fri g e ra n t
8.8 C arbon Offset Procurement Registration Protocol and Retirement. P ro c u re d c a rb o n o ffs e t re t i re -
m e n t s h a l l b e do c u m e n te d i n a c c o rda n c e w i th o n e o f th e fo l l o w i n g c a rb o n o ffs e t re g i s tra ti o n p ro to c o l s :
a . Ve ri fi e d C a rb o n S ta n d a rd
b . C l i m a te A c ti o n Re s e rv e
c . G o l d S ta n da rd
d. A m e ri c a n C a rb o n Re g i s try
8.9 C arbon Offset Proj ect Restrictions. C a rb o n o ffs e t p ro j e c t s s h a l l b e l i m i te d to te c h n o l o g i e s a n d s tra t e -
g i e s th a t p e rm a n e n t l y s e qu e s t e r c a rb o n fo r a m i n i m u m o f 2 0 0 y e a rs th a t a re a s s e s s e d to h a v e a de m i n i m u s
ri s k o f re l e a s e o f s e qu e s te re d e m i s s i o n s .
9. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1 . A S H RA E . 2 0 1 9 . A N S I /A S H RA E / I E S S ta n d a rd 9 0 . 1 - 2 0 1 9 , Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-
Rise Residential Buildings , A t l a n ta : A S H RA E ( p p 6 )
2 . I C C . 2 0 2 1 . I n te rn a ti o n a l Re s i d e n ti a l C o d e , Wa s h i n g t o n D C : I n te rn a ti o n a l C o d e C o u n c i l , I n c .
3 . A S H RA E . 2 0 1 8 . A N S I /A S H RA E / I E S S t a n da rd 9 0 . 2 - 2 0 1 8 , Energy-Efficient Design of Low-Rise Resi-

dential Buildings , A tl a n ta : A S H RA E
4 . A S H RA E . 2 Standard Methods for Determining, Expressing,

0 2 1 . A N S I /A S H RA E S ta n d a rd 1 0 5 - 2 0 2 1 ,
and Comparing Building Energy Performance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions , A t l a n ta : A S H RA E
5 . Ve rra . 2 0 1 9 . Ve ri fi e d C arb o n S ta n da rd , V C S S t a n da rd Ve rs i o n 4 . 1 . v e rra . o rg .
6 . C l i m a te A c ti o n Re s e rv e . 2 0 2 1 . Re s e rv e O ffs e t P ro g ra m , Ve rs i o n M a rc h 2 0 2 1 . w w w. c l i m a te a c ti o n re -
s e rv e . o rg .
7 . G o l d S t a n da rd. 2 0 1 9 . G o l d S ta n da rd , Ve rs i o n 1 . 2 . w w w. g o l d s ta n da rd. o rg .
8 . A m e ri c a n C a rb o n Re g i s t ry. 2 0 2 0 . A C R S t a n da rd v. 7 . 0 . a m e ri c a n c a rb o n re g i s t ry. o rg .
(This appendix is part of this standard. It contains requirements necessary for conformance to the
standard.)
NORMATIVE APPENDIX A
COMPLIANCE FORMS
Form 1
General Building And Site Description
I D : M e a s ure m e n t s ta rt da te :
A ddre s s : E n d da te :
C i ty, s ta te , c o u n try, Z I P ( m a i l ) c o de :
P ri ma ry y e ar o f c o n s t ru c t i o n : S e c o n da ry :
G ro s s fl o o r a re a fo r re s i de n ti al b u i l di n g ( G FA R) : ___________________________________________________ ________
2 2
P h y s i c al s i t e a re a, ft ( m ) : _________________
N o n- g re e n - ro o f b u i l di ng fo o t p ri n t are a : ___________________________________________________ ________
O th e r p h y s i c a l s i te a re a n o t re qu i ri n g l a n ds c a p e c a re : ___________________________________________________ ___
L an ds c a p e a re a ( L A ) : _______________
O n - s i te re n e w a b l e O n- s i te re n e w a b l e
e ne rg y e n e rg y s y s te m de s i g n
s y s te m ty p e : m a x o u tp ut, kW:
O n - s i t e re ne w ab l e e ne rg y a n n ua l o u tp u t, kW h : ______________
Compliance Type
P o rti o n o f B u i l di n g ? _________________________
B u i l di n g ? _________________________
P a rt o f a P o rtfo l i o ? I f “ Ye s , ” P o rtfo l i o N am e ? ___________________________________
P a rt o f a C o m m u n i ty ? I f “ Ye s , ” C o m m u n i ty N a m e ? ___________________________________
a. T h e y e a r o f c o n s t ru c ti o n fo r at l e as t 5 0 % ( o r t h e h i g h e s t p e rc e n ta g e ) o f th e c o n di t i o n e d fl o o r a re a .
b . L A = p h y s i c al s i te are a l e s s n o n - g r e e n - ro o f a re a l e s s p h y s i c a l s i t e a re a n o t r e qu i ri n g c a re , s e e S e c t i o n 5 . 3 . 1 . 3 .
Form 2
Annual Site Energy Conversion Calculation
Energy Use Conversion Factor Annual Site Energy,
Energy Form a,b Numerical Value Units to kWh kWh/yr
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c tri c i ty
1 b I m p o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a tu ral g a s
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e na tura l g a s
3 I m p o rte d s te am
4 I m p o rt e d h o t w ate r
5 I m p o rte d c h i l l e d w ate r
6 a I m p o rte d g ri d fu e l o i l
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w ab l e fu e l o i l
7 a I m p o rte d g ri d p ro p an e
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p an e
8 I m p o rte d c o a l o r o th e r
9 I m p o rte d b i o m a s s
1 0 O n - s i te n o n re n e w a b l e e ne rg y
1 1 I m p o rte d tra ns p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y
1 2 I m p o rte d l a n ds c a p e e n e rg y
1 3 E x p o rte d no n re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty
1 4 E x p o rte d re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty
1 5 E x p o rte d s te a m
1 6 E x p o rte d ho t w a te r
1 7 E x p o rte d c h i l l e d w a te r
1 8 E x p o rte d o t h e r
1 9 E x p o rte d tra ns p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y
a . G r i d e n e rg y fo r m s a r e fro m t he e l e c t r i c g ri d o r fu e l u ti l i t y o r di s tri b u t i o n s y s te m . S p e c i fi c r e n e w ab l e e n e rg y fo rm s a re fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i de r m e e ti n g t h e re qu i re m e n ts o f th e
a do p ti n g a u th o ri t y.
b . S e e S e c ti o n 8 a n d F o rm 5 fo r o ff- s i te c e rt i fi e d r e n e w ab l e e n e rg y.
c . I f th e r e i s m o re th an o n e “ o th e r” e n e rg y fo rm , th e e n try s h al l b e s p l i t o r addi t i o n al n o t at i o n s m ad e t o s o i n di c at e .
2 2 2
d. E i t h e r ac t u al l an ds c ap e e n e rg y o r l a n ds c a p e are a ( L A ) fro m F o rm 1 ti m e s 0 . 0 0 1 8 kW h / ft
( 6 B tu /ft ) [ 0 . 0 1 8 9 kW h / m ] .
Form 3
Annual Net Source Energy Calculation
Annual Site Energy
(Form 2 Column 5), Source Energy Annual Source
a b
Energy Form kWh/yr Conversion Factor Energy, kWh/yr
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c tri c i ty
1 b I m p o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a tu ral g a s
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e na tura l g a s
3 I m p o rte d s te a m
4 I m p o rt e d h o t w ate r
5 I m p o rte d c h i l l e d w ate r
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w ab l e fu e l o i l
7 a I m p o rte d g ri d p ro p an e
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p a n e
1 0 O n - s i te n o n re ne w a b l e e ne rg y
1 1 I m p o rte d tran s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y
1 2 I m p o rte d l a n ds c a p i n g e n e rg y
1 3 E x p o rte d no n re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty
1 6 E x p o rte d ho t w a te r
1 8 E x p o rte d o t h e r
1 9 E x p o rte d tran s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y
2 0 Q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
e
Annual Net Source Energy
Annual Net Source
( S u m o f ro w s 1 a th ro u g h 1 2 m i n u s s u m o f ro w s 1 3
Energy, kWh
th ro u g h 2 0 )
f
Previous Measurement Period Previous Annual Net
Source Energy, kWh
Sum, Two-Year Net Source Energy Sum, Two-Year Total

Net Source Energy,
kWh
a. G ri d e n e rg y fo rm s a re fro m th e e l e c tri c g ri d o r fue l uti l i ty o r di s tri b uti o n s y s te m . S p e c i fi c e n e rg y fo rm s are fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i de r m e e t i ng the re qui re m e nts o f the ado p ti n g au th o ri ty.
b . S e e S e c ti o n 6 .
d. S e e S e c ti o n 8 a n d F o rm 5 .
e . W h e n th e i m p o r te d e n e rg y m e te r re c o rd s th e i m p o rte d e n e rg y m i n u s th e e x p o rte d e n e rg y u n d e r a n e t m e te ri n g ag re e m e n t, e x p o rt e d e n e rg y s h al l n o t b e do u b l e c o u n te d.
f. T h e p re v i o u s 1 2 m o n t h m e as u re d p e ri o d fo r e x i s t i n g s i te s , z e ro fo r e x i s ti n g s i t e s l e s s t h an tw o y e ars o l d an d fo r p ro p o s e d a n d n e w s i t e s .
Form 4
Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) Net Calculation
Annual Site Energy Annual GHG
b
(Form 2 Column 5), GHG Emission Factor , Emissions,
a
Energy Form kWh/yr kg CO 2 e/kWh kg CO 2 e/yr
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c t ri c i ty
1 b I mp o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a tura l g a s
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e na tu ra l g a s
3 I m p o rte d s te a m
4 I m p o rte d h o t w at e r
5 I m p o rte d c h i l l e d w a te r
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e fu e l o i l
7 a I m p o rte d g ri d p ro p a n e
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p a n e
1 0 O n - s i te n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
1 1 I m p o rte d tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e ne rg y
1 2 I m p o rte d l a nds c a p i n g e n e rg y
1 3 E x p o rte d n o n re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty
1 6 E x p o rte d h o t w a te r
1 8 E x p o rte d o th e r
1 9 E x p o rte d tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e ne rg y
2 0 Q ua l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e ne rg y
2 1 Re fri g e ra ti o n l o s s , s u m fro m F o rm 4 A
e
Annual GHG Net Emissions Annual GHG Net Emissions,
S um o f ro w s 1 a th ro ug h 1 2 p l u s ro w 2 1 m i nu s kg CO 2 e
s u m o f ro w s 1 3 th ro u g h 2 0
f
Previous Measurement Period Previous GHG
Net Annual Emissions,
kg CO 2 e
Sum, Two-Year GHG Net Emissions Sum, Two-Year GHG

Emissions,
kg CO 2 e
a . G r i d e n e rg y fo r m s a re fro m th e e l e c tr i c g ri d o r fu e l u t i l i ty o r di s tri b u t i o n s y s t e m . S p e c i fi c re n e w ab l e e n e rg y fo rm s are fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i de r m e e ti n g t h e r e qu i re m e n t s o f t h e
a do p ti n g a u th o ri t y.
b . S e e S e c ti o n 7 .
d. S e e S e c ti o n 8 . 2 an d F o rm 5 .
e . W h e n th e i m p o r te d e n e rg y m e te r re c o rd s th e i m p o rte d e n e rg y m i n u s th e e x p o rte d e n e rg y u n d e r a n e t m e te ri n g ag re e m e n t, e x p o rt e d e n e rg y s h al l n o t b e do u b l e c o u n te d.
f. T h e p re v i o u s 1 2 - m o n th m e as u re d p e ri o d fo r e x i s t i n g s i t e s , z e ro fo r e x i s t i n g s i t e s l e s s th an t w o y e ars o l d an d fo r p ro p o s e d an d n e w s i t e s .
Form 4A
Refrigerant Loss Calculation
Annual GWP Annual
Equipment Refrigerant Refrigerant Refrigerant (See Table 1 0), GHG Emissions per
a
Equipment Type Leakage Rate Charge, Loss , Refrigerant kg CO 2 e/kg Year Loss × GWP,
Identification (See Table 9) (See Table 9) kg kg Type Refrigerant kg CO 2 e/yr
Sum, to Form 4:
a. F o r e x i s t i n g b u i l di n g s , a n n u al r e fri g e ran t l o s s s h a l l b e e i t h e r ac tu a l an n u a l i z e d l o s s b a s e d o n s e rv i c e re c o rds fo r th e e q u i p m e n t o r t h e Ta b l e 9 l e ak ag e r ate ti m e s re fri g e ra n t c h a rg e .
Form 5
Qualified Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement Calculation
E. Annual
Renewable F. Annual GHG
Off-Site C. Source Source Energy Emissions
Renewable A. Annual Off-Site Energy D. GHG Emission Procurement Procurement
a d
Energy Renewable Energy , B. Discount Conversion Factor , A × B × C, A × B × D,
b c
Calculation kWh/yr Factor Factor kg CO 2 e/kWh kWh/yr kg CO 2 e/yr
1 E l e c tri c i t y
2 N a tu ra l g a s
3 F u e l o i l
4 P ro p a ne
5 B i o m a s s
Sum of Column F Rows 1 to 4
Max Annual Off-Site Permitted (from Form 5A)
The Smaller of Line 5 or 6 (to Form 3 Row 20)
Sum of Column F Rows 1 to 4 (to Form 4, Row 20)
a. S e e S e c t i o n 8 fo r re qu i re d qu al i fi c at i o n s .
b . S e e Tab l e 1 5 .
c . S e e Tab l e 1 .
d. S e e Tab l e 5 .
Form 5A
Maximum Annual Off-Site Renewable Energy Procurement Calculation (See Section 8.2)
Climate Zone
I. Intensity Limit, J. H × I,
2 2
G. Space Type H. Gross Floor Area, ft kWh/ft /yr kWh/yr
Nonresidential
1 N R
2 N R
3 N R
Residential
4 R
5 R
Maximum Allowed Procurement, sum of lines 1 to 5
Form 5B
Other Information (See Sections 8.3 And 8.4.)
Ownership of Off-Site Renewable Energy Resource
O w n o ff- s i te g e n e ra ti o n ? Ye s N o
C o n tra c t fo r g e ne ra ti o n ? M us t b e  1 5 y e a rs
Ve ri fi c ati o n p ro v i de d th a t th e e n e rg y i s no t a l re a dy a c c o u nte d fo r i n th e
g ri d’ s p o w e r m i x ?
A ddre s s o f o ff- s i te re n e w ab l e g e n e ra ti o n :
Connection of Off-Site Renewable Energy Resources to Site (check one) Y/N Name of Company
D i re c t
L o c a l ut i l i t y d i s tri b u ti o n e n ti ty, n am e
I n te rc o n n e c te d l o c a l e l e c tri c a l u ti l i ty n e tw o rk, n a m e
Form 6
Procured Carbon Offset Credit Calculation
Annual Credited Carbon Minimum Annual Procured
Offsets (CCO), Carbon Offsets (5 × CCO),
Carbon Offset Proj ect Identifier Registration Protocol kg/yr kg/yr
N /A
N /A
N /A
N /A
N /A
C re di te d c a rb o n o ffs e ts fro m
E qua ti o n 3 ( C o l u m n 3 ) o r, s u m o f
a n nu al p ro c u re d c a rb o n o ffs e ts
( C o l u m n 4 )
I s th e s um o f p ro c u re d c a rb o n o ffs e ts
 5 × c re di te d c a rb o n o ffs e ts ( y e s /n o )
Form 7
Zero Energy Portfolio or Community Calculation
Sum of Two-Year
Individual Site Source
Net Energy
Site Name or Identifier Site Address (Form 3, bottom) Notes
S u m o f p o rtfo l i o o r M u s t s u m to z e ro o r ne g a ti v e
c o m m u n i ty ne t e ne rg y
Form 8
Zero Carbon Portfolio or Community Calculation
Sum of Two-Year
Individual Site Source
Greenhouse Gas
Equivalent Performance
Site Name or Identifier Site Address (Form 4, bottom) Notes
S u m o f p o rtfo l i o o r M u s t s um to z e ro o r n e g a ti v e
c o m m u ni ty c arb o n
(This appendix is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B
RECOMMENDED CHARACTERISTICS OF
OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROCUREMENT

S e c t i o n 8 o f t h i s s ta n da rd i n c l u de s a fe w o f t h e m o s t c o m m o n c u rre n t m e c h a n i s m s fo r p ro c u ri n g o ff- s i te
re n e w a b l e e n e rg y, b u t p ro c u re m e n t o f o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i s a n a re a o f a c ti v e i n n o v a ti o n . N e w i n s tru -
m e n ts , m a rke ts , a n d c e rt i fi c a t i o n s a re i n o n g o i n g de v e l o p m e n t . F u rth e rm o re , S e c ti o n 8 a l l o w s fo r s o m e
a u th o ri ty h a v i n g j u ri s d i c ti o n ( A H J) i n t e rp re ta ti o n o f o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t o p ti o n s .
Wi t h th e s e c o n s i de ra ti o n s , th i s i n fo rm a t i v e a p p e n d i x i s c re a te d as a re s o u rc e fo r A H J s o r o t h e rs w h o
w o u l d l i ke to e v a l u a te s o u rc e s o f o ff- s i t e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i n re l a ti o n t o a p p l i c a ti o n o f t h i s s t a n da rd. T h i s
a p p e n di x de ta i l s s u g g e s t e d c h a ra c te ri s ti c s o f o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t m e c h a n i s m s . A s s tri n -
g e n c y m a y v a ry b a s e d o n j u ri s di c ti o n o r o t h e r c o n te x t , e a c h e l e m e n t i s i de n ti fi e d a c c o rd i n g to o n e o f th e fo l -
l o w i n g l e v e l s o f s tri n g e n c y :
A b s o l u te m i n i m u m re q u i re m e n ts
M o de rate s tri n g e n c y
M o s t s t ri n g e n t p ra c t i c e
T h e c h a ra c t e ri s ti c s a re a l s o di v i de d i nto c a t e g o ri e s , p ri m a ri l y fo r c o n v e n i e n c e .
General
U n l e s s t h e s i t e o w n e r h a s di re c t o w n e rs h i p o f t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y a s s e t, a l e g a l a g re e m e n t o r c o n tra c t
( di c t a ti n g p ro p e rty ri g h t s ) m u s t b e o b ta i n e d fo r th e re n e w ab l e e n e rg y. T h e l e g a l a g re e m e n t m a y ta ke th e
fo rm o f a b ro a d l y re c o g n i z e d i n s tru m e n t l i ke a c e rt i fi c a te o r a tra n s a c ti o n i n a n e s t a b l i s h e d re g i o n a l
re n e w a b l e e n e rg y m a rke t , o r i t m a y b e a n i n de p e n de n t a g re e m e n t. I t j u s t n e e ds to c o v e r th e o th e r ke y
fu n c ti o n s b e l o w a n d b e l e g a l l y e n fo rc e a b l e .
T h e s e a g re e m e n ts n e e d to b e l o n g - te rm i n n a tu re , a t l e a s t te n y e a rs b u t i de a l l y 1 5 o r m o re .
T h e e n e rg y a n d e n v i ro n m e n ta l a ttri b u te s n e e d t o b e p u rc h a s e d to g e th e r v i a t h e s a m e l e g a l m e c h a n i s m .
I n o t h e r w o rds , th e y n e e d to b e b u n dl e d . U n b u n dl e d a t tri b u te s ( fo r e x a m p l e , re n e w a b l e e n e rg y c re di t s i n
th e U n i te d S tat e s ) a re n o t a n e ffe c ti v e m a rke t m e c h a n i s m w i th i n th e p u rp o s e o f th i s s ta n d a rd. ( T h e re i s
l e s s c a s e to b e m a d e fo r a ddi ti o n a l i ty, a n d th e re i s n o t s t ro n g e n o u g h de m a n d fo r t h e m t o h a v e a n i m p a c t
o n th e s a m e o rde r a s b u n dl e d i n s t ru m e n ts ) . N o n e o f th e a t t ri b u te s , e n v i ro n m e n t al o r o t h e rw i s e , o f th e
e n e rg y m a y b e s o l d , tra n s fe rre d , o r c l a i m e d b y a n y o th e r s i t e .
A g re e m e n t s w i th b ro a d a c c e p ta n c e i n th e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i n du s t ry a re i de a l . T h e m o de l l e a s e s a n d
P PA s s u p p l i e d b y t h e S o l a r E n e rg y I n du s try A s s o c i a t i o n a re a g o o d e x a m p l e . A g re e m e n ts t h a t h a v e
a l re a dy h a d s i g n i fi c a n t u s a g e i n re g i o n a l g re e n h o u s e g a s m a rke t s a re a n o t h e r e x a m p l e .
Generation Type
S o u rc e s o f e n e rg y m u s t b e fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s .
T h e u l ti m a te s o u rc e o f t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y b e i n g g e n e ra te d i s kn o w n fo r e a c h u ni t o f e n e rg y p ro c u re d.
( S o m e g re e n ta ri ff p ro g ra m s , fo r e x a m p l e , d o c u m e n t a m i x o f re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s o u rc e s w i t h o u t e a c h
u n i t o f e n e rg y b e i n g t i e d to a s p e c i fi c s o u rc e ; t h i s i s n o t i de a l ) .
T h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e i s u s e d to i m m e d i a te l y p ro du c e e l e c tri c i t y. T h e e l e c tri c i t y i s th e c o m -
m o d i ty th a t i s p ro c u re d fo r o ff- s i te u s a g e ( e l e c tri c i ty i s m o re fu n g i b l e a n d e a s i l y t ra c ke d th a n m o s t e n d-
u s e fu e l s ) .
Timing
T h e p ro du c ti o n o f th e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y m u s t o c c u r w i th i n n i n e m o n th s o f c ro s s i n g th e s i t e b o u n d a ry.
T h e l i fe ti m e o f t h e fa c i l i ty u s e d to g e n e ra t e t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s h o u l d b e 2 0 y e a rs o r m o re .
T h e fa c i l i ty u s e d t o g e n e ra te th e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y m u s t h a v e b e g u n o p e ra ti o n s n o m o re th a n 1 5 y e a rs
p ri o r to th e s ta rt o f t h e S t a n da rd 2 2 8 m e a s u re m e n t p e ri o d.
Additionality Factors
B o th th e re ne w ab l e e ne rg y a nd al l a s s o c i ate d attri b u te s c an b e a p p l i e d to o nl y th i s s i te a nd c a nn o t b e
s h a re d w i th o th e r s i te s . M aki ng an y re n e w ab l e e l e c tri c i ty c o ns ump ti o n c l a i m i s o ne e x a mp l e o f a n ap p l i -
c ati o n . I f attri b ute s c an b e re a s o n ab l y a ttri b ute d to any o th e r p arty, th e re l ate d e ne rg y i s no t re ne w ab l e .
T h e re ne w ab l e e n e rg y m us t n o t b e a l s o c o unte d to w a rd a s p e c i fi c g o v e rn me n t p o l i c y, l e g i s l ati o n, o r o th e r
re qui re m e n t fo r re ne w ab l e e n e rg y p ro duc ti o n. Re qu i re me nts th at c a u s e e ne rg y to b e i ne l i g i b l e i n c l u de
th e fo l l o w i ng :
• L e g a l s e tt l e m e n t o r o th e r l a w re qu i ri n g c o n s tru c t i o n o f t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fa c i l i ty.
• R e n e w a b l e p o rtfo l i o s t a n da rd th a t e x p re s s l y re qu i re s t h e c re a t i o n o f t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y. T h i s i s
g e n e ra l l y a n i s s u e w i t h u t i l i ty - s c a l e g e n e ra ti o n o n l y.
• E l e c t ri c i ty ra te s o r ta ri ffs th a t re q u i re re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty b e u s e d a s p a rt o f a g o v e rn m e n t p ro -
g ra m to i n c re a s e a l l c o n s u m e rs ’ u s e o f re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty.
Location and Delivery

F o r re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i t y, t h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y g e n e ra t i o n a n d th e b u i l di n g s h o u l d b e c o n n e c te d b y th e fo l -
l o w i n g :
A n i n te rc o n n e c te d e l e c tri c a l n e tw o rk w h e re e n e rg y de l i v e ry c a p a c i t y b e tw e e n t h e g e n e ra to r a n d th e s i te
i s a v a i l a b l e . E x a m p l e s o f i n te rc o n n e c te d e l e c t ri c a l n e t w o rks i n c l u d e re g i o n a l p o w e r p o o l s a n d re g i o n s
s e rv e d b y i n de p e n d e n t s y s te m o p e ra t o rs o r re g i o n a l tra n s m i s s i o n o rg a n i z a t i o n s .
Tra n s m i s s i o n a n d/ o r di s t ri b u t i o n n e t w o rks fo r t h e s a m e e l e c t ri c u ti l i ty o r di s tri b u ti o n p ro v i de r.
A di re c t c o n n e c t i o n w i t h i n l o c a l di s tri b u ti o n , w i th o u t tra n s m i s s i o n .
F o r re n e w a b l e fu e l s , th e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s h o u l d b e c o n n e c te d b y th e fo l l o w i n g :
E i t h e r a c o m m o n c a rri e r p i p e l i n e th a t c o n n e c ts th e i n j e c ti o n p o i n t a n d t h e s i t e fo r u s e , o r a tru c k o r o th e r
m e a n s o f tra n s p o rt ( i f th e l a tt e r, th e s o u rc e fa c to r a n d c a rb o n fa c to rs s h o u l d i n c l u de th i s o th e r m e a n s o f
t ra n s p o rt .
A c o m m o n c a rri e r p i p e l i n e th a t c o n n e c ts th e i n j e c ti o n p o i n t an d s i te fo r u s e d i re c t l y.
Verification Process
E n v i ro nm e n tal a nd o th e r g e n e rati o n a ttri b u te s fo r al l re ne w ab l e e ne rg y mu s t b e e l e c tro ni c a l l y trac ke d
w i th th e b u i l di ng , us i ng a tra c ki ng s y s te m o r di re c t c o n trac t. T h e b u i l di ng s h o u l d re tai n th e do c u me n ta -
ti o n th at j us ti fi e s e nv i ro n me n ta l attri b u te s a nd trac ki ng . A me th o d fo r re ti ri n g o r c anc e l i n g th e attri b u te s
mu s t b e i nc l ude d.
T h e tra c ki n g a n d do c u m e n ta ti o n o f t h e e n v i ro n m e n ta l a t tri b u t e s a re s u b j e c t to i n de p e n de n t a u d i ts , a re
c o n du c t e d b y a n i n d e p e n d e n t e n t i ty ( n o t p a rti c i p a ti n g i n th e m a rke t ) , a n d a re c o n du c te d tra n s p a re n tl y.
A n e l e c t ro n i c t ra c ki n g s y s t e m s h o u l d b e u s e d i n w h i c h c e rti fi c a te s a re e l e c t ro n i c a l l y i s s u e d t o g e n e ra -
to rs , tra c ke d b e tw e e n d i ffe re n t o w n e rs , a n d p e rm a n e n tl y re t i re d o r c a n c e l e d e l e c t ro n i c a l l y b y t h e s i te .
T h e s y s te m s h o u l d i s s u e c e rti fi c a te s fo r a l l g e n e ra ti o n , a n d fo r e a c h u n i t o f e n e rg y i n c l u de u n i qu e s e ri a l
n u m b e rs , l o c a ti o n , re s o u rc e t y p e , fa c i l i ty s ta rtu p da t e , da te o f g e n e ra t i o n , a n d da t e o f i s s u a n c e .
T h e t ra c ki n g s y s te m m u s t m e e t th e re q u i re m e n t s o f S e c ti o n V. B o f th e G re e n - e F ra m e w o rk fo r Re n e w -
a b l e E n e rg y C e rti fi c a ti o n .
Grid Flexibility
T h e g e n e ra ti o n s o u rc e i n c l u de s s o m e t y p e o f e n e rg y s to ra g e o r o th e r m e c h a n i s m to p ro v i d e a m e a s u re
o f fl e x i b i l i t y a n d re l i a b i l i ty i n i ts g e n e ra ti o n o f re n e w a b l e e n e rg y to th e g ri d o r p i p e l i n e .
References and Further Guidance

T h i s a p p e n di x i nc l u de s g ui da nc e fro m th e fo l l o w i ng re fe re nc e s , w h i c h are al s o av ai l ab l e to A H Js . S e e I n fo r-
ma ti v e A p p e n di x F fo r addi ti o n al i nfo rma ti o n .
• ASHRAE Standard 1 89.1 (ASHRAE 2020). A S H RA E ’ s g e n e ra l g re e n b u i l di n g de s i g n s ta n d a rd ( w h i c h
s e rv e s a s th e te c h n i c a l b a s i s fo r th e In te rn a ti o n a l Gre e n Co n s tru c ti o n Co de ) a l s o i n c l u d e s g u i da n c e fo r
w h a t t y p e o f re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t c a n b e i n c o rp o ra t e d.
• EPA Green Power Partnership Requirements (EPA 2023). Re qu i re m e n ts fo r p ro c u ri n g g re e n p o w e r a s
p a rt o f th i s E PA p ro g ra m . T h i s s ta n da rd i s s o m e w h a t l e s s s tri n g e n t t h a n o t h e rs , a l l o w i n g fo r m o re ta ri ff-
b a s e d m e c h a n i s m s .
• Green-e Framework for Renewable Energy Certification (CRS 201 7). T h e de fi ni n g s ta ndard fo r a p o p -
ul ar c e rti fi c ati o n p ro g ra m fo r re n e w a b l e p ro c u re me nt. D e ta i l e d l ang uag e to e v al u ate ty p e s o f p ro c u re me nt.
• Green-e Renewable Fuels Standard for Canada and the United States (CRS 201 7). T h e de fi n i n g
s ta n da rd fo r t h e u s e o f n o n e l e c t ri c fu e l s i n th i s p o p u l a r c e rti fi c a t i o n p ro g ra m fo r re n e w a b l e p ro c u re m e n t .
D e ta i l e d l a n g u a g e to e v a l u a te ty p e s o f fu e l a n d p ro c u re m e n t i n s t ru m e n t s .
• Making Credible Renewable Electricity Usage Claims (CDP 201 6). A w h i te p a p e r p ro v i d i n g b e s t
p ra c t i c e s to c o m p a n i e s a n d o th e r e n ti t i e s fo r p ro c u ri n g re n e w a b l e e n e rg y to w a rd .
• Policies for Enabling Corporate Sourcing of Renewable Energy Internationally (NREL 201 7). A
re p o rt g u i di n g g o v e rn m e n t s a n d o t h e r p o l i c y - m a ki n g e n t i ti e s to p ro v i de th e ri g h t p o l i c i e s a n d i n i ti a t i v e s
to p ro m o t e p ro c u re m e n t o f re n e w a b l e e n e rg y.
• ZERO Code Off-Site Procurement of Renewable Energy; Technical Support Document (Architec-
ture 230 2020). T h i s te c h n i c a l s u p p o rt do c u m e n t d e s c ri b e s i n de t a i l h o w o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y i s
tre a t e d w i th i n th e Z E RO C o de , w h i c h i s a s ta n d a rd fo r n e t- z e ro c a rb o n b u i l d i n g d e s i g n .
• Solar Energy Industries Association Model Leases and PPAs (SEIA 2020). A l i b ra ry o f m o d e l c o n -
tra c ts th a t w a s o ri g i n a l l y d e v e l o p e d u n de r t h e S o l a r A c c e s s to P u b l i c C a p i t a l w o rki n g g ro u p b u t i s n o w
m a n a g e d ( a n d e n do rs e d) b y S E I A fo r o n g o i n g u s e .
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C
EMBODIED ENERGY AND CARBON CALCULATIONS
A S H RA E s ta n d a rds c a n b e a p p l i e d to re du c e o p e ra ti o n a l e n e rg y a n d c a rb o n u s e . B e y o n d t h e o p e ra t i o n a l
e n e rg y u s e d i n a b u i l d i n g o r o n a s i te , e n e rg y i s u s e d a n d c a rb o n g e n e ra te d i n th e c re a ti o n o f m a te ri a l s a n d
p ro du c t s u s e d i n t h e b u i l di n g a n d i ts c o n s tru c ti o n . T h e Wo rl d B u s i n e s s C o u n c i l fo r S u s t a i n a b l e D e v e l o p -
m e n t re p o rte d th a t a b u i l di n g ’ s e n e rg y fo o t p ri n t i n c l u de d 8 4 % fo r u s e ( h e a t i n g , v e n t i l a ti o n , h o t w a te r, a n d
e l e c t ri c i ty ) ; 1 2 % fo r m a n u fa c tu ri n g , tra n s p o rt, a n d c o n s tru c ti o n ; a n d 4 % fo r m a i n te n a n c e a n d re n o v a ti o n
( W B C S D 2 0 0 8 ) . A s o p e ra ti o n a l e n e rg y re a c h e s z e ro n e t u s a g e , th e n o n o p e ra ti o n a l e m b o d i e d e n e rg y
b e c o m e s a h i g h e r p e rc e n ta g e o f t h e n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo o tp ri n t o f th e fa c i l i t y —u p t o 1 0 0 % .
E m b o di e d e n e rg y i s th e to t a l a m o u n t o f e n e rg y fro m m a t e ri a l s a n d p ro c e s s e s fo r th e b u i l d i n g fro m m i n -
i n g /e x t ra c ti o n /h a rv e s t i n g th ro u g h p ro du c ti o n , tra n s p o rta ti o n , a n d c o n s tru c ti o n . T h e e m b o di e d e n e rg y o f
m a i n te n a n c e a n d e n d- o f- l i fe s ta g e s a re n o t c u rre n tl y re q u i re d to b e i n c l u d e d i n a l l j u ri s d i c ti o n s . O p e ra ti o n a l
e n e rg y i s d i s ti n c tl y s e p a ra t e fro m e m b o d i e d e n e rg y.
E a c h s t a g e w i t h i n th e b u i l di n g p ro c e s s u s e s e n e rg y a n d c re a te s c a rb o n e m i s s i o n s . E u ro p e a n S t a n d a rd
E N 1 5 9 7 8 ( C E N 2 0 1 1 ) i l l u s tra te s t h e l i fe - c y c l e s t a g e s th a t c a n b e i n c o rp o ra te d i n t o t h e c a l c u l at i o n s o f a
b u i l di n g ’ s t o t a l i m p a c t. T h i s h a s b e e n c o m m o n l y b ro ke n i n to s e g m e n t s A , B , C , a n d D . T h e S ta g e A i d e n ti -
fi e s ra w m a t e ri a l s th ro u g h c o n s tru c ti o n ; “ B ” i d e n t i fi e s th e u s e , re m o de l , a n d re p a i r s ta g e ; a n d “ C ” i de n ti fi e s
th e e n d- o f- l i fe s t a g e . S t a g e D u s u a l l y e n c o m p a s s e s i te m s n o t s p e c i fi c a l l y a dd re s s e d u n de r th e o th e r s ta g e s
a n d c a n b e s e e n a s “ b e n e fi ts b e y o n d th e s y s te m b o u n da ry. ”
T h e e m b o di e d c a rb o n a n a l y s i s i n c l u d e s p e rfo rm i n g a l i fe - c y c l e a s s e s s m e n t ( L C A ) a c c o rdi n g t o I S O
1 4 0 4 0 a n d I S O 1 4 0 4 4 ( 2 0 0 6 b , 2 0 0 6 c ) . S o m e a s p e c t s o f a n L C A a re re p o rt e d i n t h i rd - p a rty v e ri fi e d da ta s e ts
o f e n v i ro n m e n t a l p ro du c t de c l a ra ti o n s ( E P D s ) fo r m a te ri a l s o r a s s e m b l i e s . E P D s p e rfo rm e d a c c o rd i n g to
c u rre n t I S O 1 4 0 2 5 a n d I S O 2 1 9 3 0 ( 2 0 0 6 a , 2 0 1 7 ) a n d E N 1 5 8 0 4 + a 2 ( C E N 2 0 1 9 ) e x i s t fo r m a n y re g i o n s a n d
a re p ro v i de d b y m a n y m a n u fa c t u re rs . E P D s do n o t e x i s t fo r a l l m a te ri a l s a n d p ro c e s s e s i n a n L C A , s o s u m -
m i n g E P D s i s n o t th e s a m e a s a n L C A . E P D re p o rts i n c l u de i n fo rm a ti o n t o e v a l u a te z e ro n e t e n e rg y a n d c a r-
b o n d i o x i d e e qu i v a l e n t ( C O
e ) to e v a l u a t e z e ro n e t c a rb o n .
D u e to th e c o m p l e x i ty o f de v e l o p i n g a n L C A fro m E P D s , di ffe re n t s o ftw a re p a c ka g e s a n d a dd - o n s h a v e
b e e n de v e l o p e d fo r th e p ro c e s s o f l i fe - c y c l e a n a l y s i s to de t e rm i n e t h e e m b o d i e d e n e rg y a n d e m b o d i e d c a r-
b o n o f a s tru c t u re . A l i fe - c y c l e a n a l y s i s s h o u l d b e p e rfo rm e d i n a c c o rd a n c e w i th A S T M E 2 9 2 1 ( 2 0 1 6 ) a n d
I S O S t a n da rd 1 4 0 4 4 ( 2 0 0 6 c ) .
Figure C-1 Building carbon life-cycle stages.

(newbuildings.org/resource/lifecycle-ghg-impacts-in-codes)
A dd i ti o n a l i n fo rm a ti o n m a y b e fo u n d i n t h e E n e rg y i n B u i l d i n g a n d C o m m u n i ti e s ( E B C ) P ro g ra m m e
A n n e x 5 7 ( 2 0 1 6 ) , th e A I A Guide to Building Life Cycle Assessment in Practice ( 2 0 1 0 ) , E N 1 5 9 7 8 ( C E N
2 0 1 1 ) , p rE N 1 5 9 7 8 - 1 ( C E N 2 0 2 1 ) a n d L E E D v. 4 . 1 ( U S G B C 2 0 2 1 ) . T h e s e d o c u m e n ts e x p l a i n u s a b l e da ta
s e ts , s p e c i fi c s o ftw a re , b e n e fi t s , s h o rt - c o m i n g s , a n d p ro c e s s e s t o c o m p l e te a n e m b o d i e d a s s e s s m e n t.
A c h i e v i n g z e ro n e t e m b o di e d a s w e l l a s o p e ra ti o n a l e n e rg y a n d c a rb o n re q u i re s th a t th e fa c i l i ty u t i l i z e
re n e w a b l e e n e rg y to s u c h a n e x te n t t h a t i t o ffs e ts b o th e m b o d i e d a n d o p e ra t i o n a l e n e rg y. E m b o di e d a t tri -
b u t e s c a n a l s o b e re du c e d o r z e ro e d o u t b y s e l e c ti n g m a te ri a l a n d p ro d u c t s u p p l i e rs t h a t h a v e re du c e d o r
z e ro e d o u t t h e i r o w n e n e rg y a n d e m i s s i o n s i m p a c t s d u ri n g e x tra c t i o n a n d p ro du c t i o n . A c h i e v i n g n e t- z e ro
e m b o di e d e n e rg y a n d c a rb o n m a y b e re c o v e re d o v e r a re fe re n c e d s t u dy p e ri o d o f 7 5 y e a rs ( a d j u s ta b l e t o
l o c a l c o de re qu i re m e n t th re s h o l d s ) . I n s h o rt, n o n re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re l a t e d t o a l l o p e ra ti o n a l e n e rg y p l u s a l l
e m b o di e d e n e rg y s h o u l d b e b a l a n c e d a g a i n s t re n e w a b l e e n e rg y g e n e ra ti o n . E m b o d i e d c a rb o n c a n a l s o b e
b a l an c e d a g a i n s t c a rb o n s e qu e s te re d w i th i n l o n g - l i v e d b u i l di n g m a te ri a l s . T h i s w o u l d m o v e a fa c i l i ty fro m a
z e ro n e t o p e ra t i o n a l a n d re du c e d e m b o d i e d e n e rg y i de n ti fi c a ti o n t o a z e ro n e t o p e ra ti o n a l a n d e m b o d i e d
e n e rg y c l a s s i fi c a ti o n .
I f a n e m b o di e d e n e rg y a n d c a rb o n a n a l y s i s i s c o m p l e t e d a s p a rt o f th e s c o p e o f a p ro j e c t, i t i s re c o m -
m e nde d to i n c l u d e a re c o rd o f th e re s u l ts a s a p ro c e du ra l p ra c ti c e . T h i s re c o rd m a y b e re q u i re d to j u s t i fy
a c h i e v e m e n t o f a z e ro n e t fa c i l i ty i n th e fu tu re o r to fu l fi l l s p e c i fi c c o n s e rv a ti o n re qu i re m e n t s .
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D
TABLE DERIVATION SOURCES
• Table 1 Annual Source Energy Conversion Factors for the United States and Canada
A S H RA E S ta n d ard 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm at i v e A p p e n di x K, Ta b l e K- 2 , “ P ri m a ry A n n u a l E n e rg y C o n v e rs i o n
F a c t o rs fo r N a t i o n a l C o m p a ri s o n s . ” T h e c o m m i t t e e de c i de d t o v a l u e n o n c o m b u s ti b l e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y
g e n e ra t i o n a t a s o u rc e fa c t o r o f 1 . 0 5 fo r th e s e c al c u l a t i o n s , ta ki n g a c a p t u re d e n e rg y a p p ro a c h w h i l e c o n -
s i de ri n g t ra n s p o rta t i o n a n d di s t ri b u t i o n l o s s e s .
• Table 2 Regional Electricity Source Energy Conversion Factors for the United States
A S H RA E S ta n da rd 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm a ti v e A p p e n di x K , Ta b l e K- 4 , “ G ri d E l e c tri c i ty P ri m a ry E n e rg y
C o n v e rs i o n F a c to rs fo r Re g i o n a l C o m p a ri s o n s ” u s i n g th e c a p tu re d e n e rg y e ffi c i e n c y a p p ro a c h .
T h e S tandard 1 0 5 tab l e i s c a l c ul ate d fro m i n fo rm ati o n re p o rte d i n th e e G RI D datab a s e ( E PA 2 0 1 8 ) a t
th e i n di v i du a l g e n e rato r l e v e l us i ng th e G as Te c h n o l o g y I ns ti tute S o urc e E ne rg y an d E mi s s i o ns A n al y s i s
To o l ( C M I C 2 0 2 1 ) . T h e te c h ni qu e i s de s c ri b e d i n S tan dard 1 0 5 A p p e n di x K. T h e c o m mi tte e de c i de d to
v al ue re n e w a b l e e n e rg y g e ne rati o n at a s o urc e fa c to r o f 1 . 0 5 fo r th e s e c al c ul a ti o ns .
• Table 3 Regional Electricity Source Energy Conversion Factors for Canada

T h e i n fo rm a ti o n i n t h i s t a b l e w a s de ri v e d u s i n g th e te c h n i qu e de s c ri b e d i n A S H RA E S ta n d a rd 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 )
A p p e n d i x K. T h e d a ta s o u rc e u s e d fo r th e c a l c u l a ti o n w a s National Inventory Report 1990–2018: Green-

house Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada ( E n v i ro n m e n t C a n a da 2 0 1 8 ) s p e c i fi c a l l y t h e E l e c tri c i ty G e n e ra -
ti o n a m o u n t s i n Ta b l e A 1 3 . A v a l u e o f 1 . 0 5 w a s u s e d fo r re n e w a b l e e n e rg y s o u rc e fa c t o rs , s e e Ta b l e 1
n o t e s i n t h i s a p p e n di x .
• Table 4 Hourly Electric Generation Mix and Source Energy Conversion Factors
T h e v a l u e s i n Ta b l e 4 a re de ri v e d fro m t h e e G RI d d a tab a s e ( E PA 2 0 1 8 ) fo r e a c h ty p e o f p o w e r g e n e ra ti o n ,
w i th fa c to rs fo r e x tra c t i o n , p ro c e s s i n g , tra n s p o rta ti o n , t ra n s m i s s i o n , a n d di s tri b u ti o n e n e rg y u s e a p p l i e d
b a s e d o n th e m e th o do l o g y d e s c ri b e d i n A S H RA E S t a n da rd 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm a ti v e A p p e n di x K u s i n g
n a t i o n a l a v e ra g e i n fo rm a ti o n
• Table 5 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for the Unites States and Canada
A S H RA E S ta n da rd 1 0 5 I n fo rm a ti v e A p p e n di x K, Ta b l e K- 3 , “ G re e n h o u s e G a s E m i s s i o n s C o n v e rs i o n
F a c to rs fo r N at i o n a l C o m p a ri s o n s U s i n g E i t h e r a 1 0 0 o r 2 0 Ye a r Ti m e H o ri z o n . ” T h e c o l u m n u s e d w a s
th e 1 0 0 y e a r g l o b a l w a rm i n g p o t e n ti a l ( G W P ) .
• Table 6 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for the United States
A S H RA E S ta n d ard 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm a t i v e A p p e n di x K, Ta b l e K- 5 , “ G ri d E l e c tri c i ty G re e n h o u s e G a s
E m i s s i o n s F a c to rs fo r Re g i o n a l C o m p a ri s o n s . ” T h e c o l u m n u s e d w a s t h e 1 0 0 y e a r G W P.
T h e S ta n da rd 1 0 5 ta b l e i s c a l c u l a te d fro m i n fo rm a ti o n re p o rte d i n th e e G RI D d a ta b a s e ( E PA 2 0 1 8 ) a t
th e i n di v i d u a l g e n e ra to r l e v e l u s i n g t h e G a s Te c h n o l o g y I n s t i t u t e S o u rc e E n e rg y a n d E m i s s i o n s A n a l y s i s
To o l ( C M I C 2 0 2 1 ) . T h e te c h n i qu e i s de s c ri b e d i n S t a n da rd 1 0 5 , A p p e n di x K.
• Table 7 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for Canada
T h e i nfo rmati o n i n thi s tab l e w as de ri ve d us i ng the te c h ni que de s c ri b e d i n S tandard 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) A p p e ndi x K.
T he data s o urc e us e d fo r the c al c ul ati o n w as National Inventory Report 1990–2018: Greenhouse Gas
Sources and Sinks in Canada ( E nv i ro nme nt C anada 2 0 1 8 ) , s p e c i fi c al l y th e g re e nho us e g as i nte ns i ty v al ue s
i n Tab l e A 1 3 i n c o nj unc ti o n w i th the e mi s s i o ns fac to rs fo r e ac h g e ne rati ng typ e l i s te d i n Tab l e 7 . 3 .
• Table 8 Hourly Generation Mix and Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors
T h e v a l u e s i n Ta b l e 8 a re de ri v e d fro m t h e e G RI D d a ta b a s e ( E PA 2 0 1 8 ) fo r e a c h ty p e o f p o w e r g e n e ra -
ti o n , w i t h fa c t o rs fo r e x tra c ti o n , p ro c e s s i n g , tra n s p o rta ti o n , tra n s m i s s i o n , a n d d i s tri b u t i o n e n e rg y u s e
a p p l i e d b a s e d o n th e m e t h o do l o g y de s c ri b e d i n A S H RA E S ta n d a rd 1 0 5 ( 2 0 2 1 ) I n fo rm a ti v e A p p e n di x K
u s i n g n a ti o n a l a v e ra g e i n fo rm a ti o n .
• Table 9 Typical Annual Refrigerant Leakage Rates by Building Type
T h e i n fo rm a t i o n i n th i s t a b l e i s b a s e d o n Ta b l e 6 o f t h e fu g i t i v e e m i s s i o n ra te s b y fi e l d a n d s u b s e c to r s e c -
ti o n o f th e F re n c h E n v i ro n m e n t a n d E n e rg y M a n a g e m e n t A g e n c y do c u m e n t Refrigerant Containment
Study [ t ra n s l a te d ] ( A D E M E 2 0 1 5 ) .
• Table 1 0 Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (GWP)
D a ta fro m A S H RA E H a n db o o k—F u n da m e n tal s ( 2 0 1 7 ) , P a g e 2 9 . 5 , Ta b l e 3 B “ Re fri g e ra n t E n v i ro n m e n ta l
P ro p e rti e s ” a n d Ta b l e 4 . T h e s e v a l u e s a re b a s e d o n G W P
1 0 0
• Tables 11 , 1 2, 1 3, and 1 4 Procured Off-Site Source Energy Intensity Limit (Nonresidential, Residen-
tial, I-P and SI)
T h e s e ta b l e s a re b a s e d o n Ta b l e 7 - 2 b i n A S H RA E S ta n d a rd 1 0 0 ( 2 0 1 8 ) w i th u n i t s m o d i fi e d. I n a d di t i o n t o
u n i t s , th e s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e rs i o n fa c to rs w e re m o di fi e d t o b e c o n s i s te n t w i th t h e e G RI D da t a b a s e ( E PA
2 0 1 8 ) u s e d e l s e w h e re i n th i s s t a n da rd ( s e e Ta b l e s 2 a n d 6 e x p l a n a ti o n a b o v e ) . T h e s o u rc e e n e rg y c o n v e r-
s i o n fa c t o rs u s e d fo r th i s ta b l e a re 2 . 7 4 fo r e l e c tri c i t y a n d 1 . 0 9 fo r n a t u ra l g a s , w h i c h a re n a ti o n a l a v e ra g e s
o f e G RI D 2 0 1 8 da ta u s i n g th e c a p tu re d e n e rg y v a l u e o f 1 fo r n o n c o mb u s ti b l e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y. T h e o ff-
s i te p ro c u re m e n t l i m i t s i n Ta b l e s 1 1 th ro u g h 1 4 a re e qu i v a l e nt , w i th t h e tw o te c h n i c a l m o di fi c a ti o n s n o t e d
a b o v e , t o t h e s ta n d a rdi z e d ta rg e ts i n S ta n d a rd 1 0 0 fo r e x i s t i ng b u i l di n g p e rfo rm a n c e i n th e U n i te d S ta t e s .
B u i l di n g ty p e s i n th e s e ta b l e s c o rre s p o n d to c l a s s i fi c a ti o n s u s e d i n S ta n da rd 1 0 0 a n d w e re ta ke n fro m th e
U . S . E n e rg y I n fo rm a t i o n A dm i n i s t ra t i o n ( E I A ) C o m m e rc i a l B u i l d i n g E n e rg y C o n s u m p ti o n S u rv e y
( 2 0 2 0 b ) a n d Re s i d e n ti a l E n e rg y C o n s u m p ti o n S u rv e y ( 2 0 2 0 a ) .
• Table 1 5 Renewable Energy Discount Factor

T h e re n e w a b l e e n e rg y di s c o u n t fa c t o rs a re b a s e d o n t h e j u dg m e n t o f th e c o m m i t te e re g a rd i n g l o s s e s
b e t w e e n t h e o ff- s i te g e n e ra t i o n a n d th e s i t e a s w e l l a s o th e r fa c to rs .
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE UNITED STATES
USING 20-YEAR GWP TIME HORIZON

Va ri o u s g re e n h o u s e g a s e s ( G H G s ) h a v e th e p o t e n ti a l fo r s i g n i fi c a n tl y di ffe re n t g l o b a l w a rm i n g i m p a c ts ,
de p e n di n g o n th e a m o u n t o f e m i s s i o n s a n d t h e w a rm i n g c o n tri b u ti o n o f e a c h m o l e c u l e o f th e g a s . A c o m -
b i n e d e m i s s i o n m e tri c a g g re g a te s t h e i m p a c t o f th e s e g a s e s a n d c a n b e u s e d i n c a l c u l a t i n g o v e ra l l G H G
e m i s s i o n s . G l o b a l w a rm i n g p o te n ti a l ( G W P ) i s a n i n de x fo r e s ti m a ti n g th e re l a ti v e g l o b a l w a rm i n g c o n tri b u -
ti o n o f a t m o s p h e ri c e m i s s i o n s o f a p a rt i c u l a r g re e n h o u s e g a s c o m p a re d to e m i s s i o n s o f a n e qu a l m a s s o f c a r-
) .
b o n d i o x i de ( C O
C a rb o n di o x i de e qu i v a l e n t ( C O
e ) e m i s s i o n s o f e a c h g re e n h o u s e g a s a re i t s m a s s e m i s s i o n s m u l ti p l i e d
b y i t s ti m e - i n t e g ra t e d G W P. C h o i c e o f t i m e h o ri z o n h a s a s tro n g e ffe c t o n G W P v a l u e s a n d th u s o n t h e c a l -
e e m i s s i o n s o f e a c h G H G . Tw o G W P t i m e - h o ri z o n s a re c o m m o n l y u s e d: 1 0 0 y e a rs a n d 2 0 y e a rs
c u l a te d C O
( G W P
a n d G W P ) . Ta b l e s i n t h i s s t a n da rd a re b a s e d o n G W P v a l u e s . W h i l e G W P i s m o re c o m -
1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
m o n , G W P
h a s b e e n a do p te d fo r s p e c i fi c a p p l i c a ti o n s a n d b y c e rt a i n j u ri s d i c ti o n s . T h e fo l l o w i n g t a b l e s
2 0
p ro v i d e G H G e m i s s i o n fa c t o rs fo r th e U n i te d S t a te s u s i n g a 2 0 y e a r G W P ti m e h o ri z o n .
Table E-1 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for the United States (20 Year GWP Time Horizon)
GHG Factor GWP 20 ,
Form 2 Row Energy Form kg CO 2 e/kWh
1 a I m p o rte d g ri d e l e c tri c i ty Ta b l e 6 o r Ta b l e 7
1 b I m p o rte d s p e c i fi c e l e c tri c i ty N o t e s a . an d b .
2 a I m p o rte d g ri d n a tu ra l g a s 0 . 2 8 1
2 b I m p o rte d re n e w ab l e na tu ra l g a s N o te b .
3 I m p o rte d s te a m 0 . 4 7 2 o r N o te b .
4 I m p o rte d ho t w a te r 0 . 4 4 6 o r N o te b .
5 I m p o rte d c h i l l e d w ate r 0 . 1 4 3 o r N o te b .
6 a I m p o rte d fu e l o i l 0 . 3 1 0
6 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e fu e l o i l N o te b .
7 a I m p o rte d p ro p a n e 0 . 2 6 8
7 b I m p o rte d re n e w a b l e p ro p a n e N o te b .
8 I m p o rte d c o a l o r o the r 0 . 4 0 5 o r N o te b .
9 I m p o rte d b i o m a s s N o te b .
1 0 O n - s i te n o n re n e w ab l e e n e rg y N o te b .
1 1 a I m p o rte d tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y N o te b .
1 1 b I m p o rte d l a nds c a p i ng e n e rg y N o te b .
1 2 E x p o rte d n o n re n e w a b l e e l e c tri c i ty N o te b .
1 3 E x p o rte d re n e w a b l e e l e c t ri c i ty Ta b l e 6 o r Ta b l e 7
1 4 E x p o rte d s te a m 0 . 4 7 2 o r N o te b .
a. A qu al i fi e d p e rs o n p r o v i de s th e G H G e m i s s i o n fa c t o r.
b . G r i d e n e rg y fo r m s a re fr o m t h e e l e c tri c g ri d o r fu e l u t i l i ty o r di s tri b u t i o n s y s t e m . S p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s ar e fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i d e r m e e ti n g
Table E-1 Annual Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for the United States (20 Year GWP Time Horizon)
GHG Factor GWP 20,

Form 2 Row Energy Form kg CO2 e/kWh
1 5 E x p o rte d ho t w a te r 0 . 4 4 6 o r N o te b .
1 6 E x p o rte d c h i l l e d w ate r 0 . 1 4 3 o r N o te b .
1 7 E x p o rte d o th e r 0 . 4 0 5 o r N o te b .
1 8 E x p o rte d tra n s p o rta ti o n v e h i c l e e n e rg y N o te b .
a. A qu al i fi e d p e rs o n p r o v i de s th e G H G e m i s s i o n fa c t o r.
b . G r i d e n e rg y fo r m s a re fr o m t h e e l e c tri c g ri d o r fu e l u t i l i ty o r di s tri b u t i o n s y s t e m . S p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e n e rg y fo rm s ar e fro m a s p e c i fi c p ro v i d e r m e e ti n g
Table E-2 Regional Electricity Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors for United States 
(20-Year GWP Time Horizon)
eGRID 2018 eGRID 2018 GHG Factor GWP20,

Subregion Acronym Subregion Name kg CO 2 e/kWh
A KG D A S C C A l a s ka G ri d 0 . 6 6 2
A KM S A S C C M i s c e l l ane o u s 0 . 3 2 8
E RC T E RC O T A l l 0 . 5 8 1
F RC C F RC C A l l 0 . 5 7 4
H I M S H I C C M i s c e l l a n e o u s 0 . 7 1 9
H I O A H I C C O a h u 0 . 9 8 1
M RO E M RO E a s t 0 . 9 5 3
M RO W M RO We s t 0 . 7 0 8
N Y L I N P C C L o n g I s l a n d 0 . 7 8 4
N E W E N P C C N e w E n g l an d 0 . 3 6 3
N Y C W N P C C N Y C /We s tc he s te r 0 . 4 2 2
N Y U P N P C C U p s tate N Y 0 . 1 8 3
RF C E RF C E a s t 0 . 4 5 0
RF C M RF C M i c h i g an 0 . 7 5 2
RF C W RF C We s t 0 . 6 6 5
S RM W S E RC M i dw e s t 0 . 8 9 6
S RM V S E RC M i s s i s s i p p i Val l e y 0 . 5 5 5
S RS O S E RC S o u th 0 . 6 2 5
S RT V S E RC Te n n e s s e e Val l e y 0 . 5 9 6
S RV C S E RC Vi rg i n i a /C a ro l i n a 0 . 4 5 6
S P N O S P P N o rth 0 . 6 5 8
S P S O S P P S o u th 0 . 6 9 9
C A M X W E C C C a l i fo rn i a 0 . 3 2 3
N W P P W E C C N o rth w e s t 0 . 3 6 7
RM PA W E C C Ro c ki e s 0 . 7 2 4
A Z N M W E C C S o uth w e s t 0 . 6 1 6
Table E-3 Hourly Generation Mix and Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Factors (20-Year GWP Time Horizon)
Generation Mix, GHG Factor GWP20,

Generation Type % kg CO2 e/kWh
C o a l N o te a . 1 . 2 0 7
O i l N o te a . 0 . 9 1 6
N a tu ra l G a s N o te a . 0 . 5 9 4
N u c l e ar N o te a . 0 . 0 4 7
H y dro N o te a . 0
Wi n d N o te a . 0
S o l ar N o te a . 0
G e o th e rm a l N o te a . 0
O t h e r N o te a . 0 . 9 5 8
To t al 1 0 0 N o te a .
a. T h e q u a l i fi e d p e rs o n p ro v i de s h o u rl y g e n e ra t i o n m i x an d t o t al G H G fac to r.
b . T h e a u t h o ri t y h a v i n g j u ri s d i c ti o n ap p ro v e s t h e G H G fa c to r fo r e ac h s o u rc e o f b i o m as s .
Table E-4 Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (20-Year GWP Time Horizon)
Refrigerant GWP20,
Refrigerant Type kg CO2 e/kg refrigerant
H C F C - 2 2 5 6 9 0
H C F C - 1 2 3 3 2 5
H F C - 1 3 4 a 4 1 4 0
H C - 2 9 0 ( p ro p a n e ) 0 . 0 7 2
R- 4 0 4 A N o te 1
R- 4 0 7 C N o te 1
R- 4 0 8 A N o te 1
R- 4 1 0 A N o te 1
R- 4 3 8 A N o te 1
R- 5 0 4 N o te 1
R- 7 1 7 ( a m m o ni a ) 0
R- 7 4 4 ( C O ) 1
O t h e r N o te a .
a. G W P v a l u e Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment
s i n t ab l e s o u rc e d fro m t h e
Report ofthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( I P C C 2 0 2 1 ) , C h ap t e r 7 s u p p l e m e n t , Ta b l e 7 . S M . 7 , “ Ta b l e s o f g r e e nh o u s e g as l i fe ti m e s , rad i -
a ti v e e ffi c i e n c i e s an d m e t ri c s . ” T h e s e ta b l e s c an b e u s e d to de r i v e G W P v al u e s fo r o th e r re fr i g e ra n t s a n d re fri g e ran t b l e n ds .
ASHRAE or ANSI.)
INFORMATIVE APPENDIX F
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re p o rt/ar6 /w g 1 /do w nl o a ds /re p o rt/I P C C _A R6 _W G I _C h a p te r_0 7 _S up p l e me ntary _M a te ri al . p df.
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b . I S O 1 4 0 4 0 , . G e n e v a : I n t e r-
n a ti o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S ta n da rd i z a t i o n .
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G e n e v a : I n t e rn a t i o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S t a n da rdi z a ti o n .
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. I S O 2 1 9 3 0 ,
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S t a n da rdi z a t i o n .
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Re p o rt N RE L /T P - 6 A 5 0 - 6 8 1 4 9 . G o l d e n , C O : N a ti o n a l Re n e w a b l e E n e rg y L a b o ra to ry.
S E I A . 2 0 2 0 . M o de l L e a s e s a n d P PA s . Wa s h i n g to n , D C : S o l a r E n e rg y I n d u s tri e s A s s o c i a t i o n . w w w. s e i a . o rg /
re s e a rc h - re s o u rc e s /m o de l - l e a s e s - a n d - p p a s .
U S G B C . 2 0 2 1 . L E E D v 4 . 1 , Wa s h i n g to n , D C : U . S . G re e n B u i l di n g C o u n c i l .
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Ge ne va : Wo rl d B us i ne s s C o unc i l fo r S us tai nab l e D e v e l o p me nt.
POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES
ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.
ASHRAE’s members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of
the systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,
consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the
indoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established by
itself and other responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote
those new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date Standards and design considerations as the
material is systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and
will seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating
Standards and Guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the
system’s intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and
energy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection
should be made by its members.
ASHRAE · 1 80 Technology Parkway · Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 · www.ashrae.org
About ASHRAE
Founded in 1 894, ASHRAE is a global professional society committed to serve humanity by advancing the arts and
sciences of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, and their allied fields.
As an industry leader in research, standards writing, publishing, certification, and continuing education, ASHRAE
and its members are dedicated to promoting a healthy and sustainable built environment for all, through strategic
partnerships with organizations in the HVAC&R community and across related industries.
To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards, and
connect on LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
Visit the ASHRAE Bookstore

ASHRAE offers its Standards and Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, and via ASHRAE Digital
Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions of publications.
Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes made between the
active Standard or Guideline and its previous edition. For more information, visit the Standards and Guidelines
section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.
IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARD

To ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretations for this
Standard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.
Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no
longer distributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides
these addenda, errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote
more sustainable use of resources.
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ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2022–2023

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS

Using 20-Year GWP Time Horizon .................................................................................................... 35

b . de te rmi nati o n, i nc l udi ng c al c ul ati o n me th o do l o g y, and e x p re s s i o n o f th e b ui l di ng ( s ) z e ro ne t e ne rg y s tatus ;

c . de te rmi nati o n, i nc l udi ng c al c ul ati o n m e th o do l o g y, and e x p re s s i o n o f th e b ui l di ng ( s ) z e ro ne t c arb o n s tatus ;

3. DEFINITIONS AND SYMBOLS

adopting authority: th e a g e n c y o r a g e n t th a t a do p ts th i s s ta n d a rd.

authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): th e a g e n c y o r a g e n t re s p o n s i b l e fo r e n fo rc i n g t h i s s t a n d a rd.

a n d a ro o f, a ffo rdi n g s h e l t e r t o p e rs o n s , a n i m a l s , o r p ro p e rty.

carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e): a m e a s u re u s e d to c o m p a re th e i m p a c t o f v a ri o u s g re e n h o u s e g a s e s

community renewable energy facility: a fac i l i ty th at p ro duc e s e ne rg y h arv e s te d fro m re ne w ab l e e ne rg y

energy: th e c a p a c i t y fo r do i n g w o rk. E n e rg y t a ke s a n u m b e r o f fo rm s th a t m a y b e tra n s fo rm e d fro m o n e i n t o

a n o t h e r, s u c h a s th e rm a l ( h e a t) , m e c h a n i c a l ( w o rk) , e l e c tri c a l , o r c h e m i c a l . C u s to m ary m e a s u re m e n t u n i ts

energy form: a n y th e rm a l , m e c h a n i c a l , e l e c tri c a l , o r c h e m i c a l e n e rg y t o p ro v i de e n e rg y s e rv i c e s t o a s i t e .

financial (virtual) renewable energy power purchase agreement (PPA): a fi n a n c i al a rra n g e m e n t b e tw e e n a

global warming potential (GWP): a n i n d e x fo r e s ti m a t i n g t h e re l a t i v e g l o b a l w a rm i n g c o n t ri b u ti o n o f a t m o -

greenhouse gas emissions (GHG): t h e c a rb o n d i o x i de e qu i v a l e n t e m i s s i o n s fro m v a ri o u s g re e n h o u s e g a s e s

gross floor area (GFA): th e s u m o f th e fl o o r a re a s o f a l l th e c o n di ti o n e d ( h e a t e d a n d/ o r c o o l e d) s p a c e s

imported renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s th a t a re t ra n s a c te d w i th o r d e l i v e re d fro m p ro v i d e rs o f o ffs i te

off-site renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s d e ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s h a rv e s t e d o u t s i d e th e s i te

on-site renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s de ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s h a rv e s te d i n s i de t h e s i t e

physical renewable energy power purchase agreement (PPA): a c o n t ra c t fo r th e p u rc h as e o f re n e w a b l e

e l e c tri c i ty a n d a s s o c i a t e d re n e w ab l e e n e rg y c e rti fi c a t e fro m a s p e c i fi c re n e w a b l e e l e c t ri c i ty g e n e ra to r ( th e

portion of a building: a s p a c e w i th i n a b u i l d i n g th a t i s w h o l l y o r p a rti a l l y e n c l o s e d b y w a l l s a n d w i t h s e p a -

proposed building: a b u i l d i n g o r p o rti o n o f b u i l di n g th a t i s i n th e de s i g n o r c o n s tru c ti o n p h a s e .

qualified person: a tra i n e d p e rs o n w i th e x p e rt i s e i n b u i l di n g e n e rg y - u s e a n a l y s i s , w h i c h i n c l u de s a n y o f t h e

renewable energy: e n e rg y fo rm s de ri v e d fro m re n e w a b l e e n e rg y re s o u rc e s .

renewable energy certificate (REC): a m arke t- b a s e d i ns trum e nt th a t re p re s e nts an d c o nv e y s th e e n v i ro nme n-

tal , s o c i al , a nd o th e r no ne n e rg y attri b u te s o f o n e m e g aw att- h o u r o f re ne w ab l e e l e c tri c i ty g e ne rati o n an d c o ul d

b e s o l d s e p arate l y fro m th e u nde rl y i ng p h y s i c al e l e c tri c i ty as s o c i a te d w i th re ne w ab l e e ne rg y re s o urc e s .

renewable energy resources: s o l a r ra di a t i o n , w i n d, w a v e s , ti de s , h y dro p o w e r, b i o m a s s , o r h o t fl u i d o r s t e a m

renewable hydrogen: h y dro g e n p ro du c e d u s i n g re n e w a b l e re s o u rc e s b o t h a s th e s o u rc e fo r th e h y dro g e n a n d

renewable natural gas: p i p e l i n e c o m p ati b l e g as e o us fu e l de ri v e d fro m b i o m as s o r fro m re n e w ab l e h y dro g e n.

site energy: c o m m o d i ti z e d e n e rg y c o n s u m e d a s m e a s u re d o r e s ti m a te d a t t h e s i te b o u n da ry ( Esite ) .

source energy: s i te e n e rg y p l u s th e e s ti m a te d e n e rg y c o n s u m e d o r l o s t i n th e e x tra c ti o n , p ro c e s s i n g , a n d

transportation vehicle energy: e n e rg y u s e d t o re c h a rg e o r re fu e l v e h i c l e s th a t a re u s e d fo r o ff- s i te tran s p o r-

zero net energy building: a b u i l di n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i th S e c ti o n 4 .

zero net energy building-portion: a p o rt i o n o f a b u i l d i n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c t i o n 4 .

zero net energy portfolio: a c o l l e c ti o n o f b u i l di n g s i t e s o w n e d o r l e a s e d b y a s i n g l e e n ti ty w h e re th e s u m o f

zero net energy community: a c o m m u n i ty o f b u i l di n g s i te s w i t h i n a j u ri s d i c ti o n a l b o u n da ry w h e re th e s u m

to ry, p o l i ti c a l , o r a d m i n i s tra ti v e b o u n d a ri e s s o u rc e d fro m fe d e ra l , s ta te , a n d l o c a l a u t h o ri ti e s .

zero net carbon building: a b u i l di n g th a t c o m p l i e s w i t h S e c ti o n 4 .

zero net carbon portfolio: a c o l l e c ti o n o f b u i l di n g s i t e s o w n e d o r l e a s e d b y a s i n g l e e n t i t y w h e re t h e s u m o f

zero net carbon community: a c o m m u n i ty o f s i t e s w i t h i n a j u ri s di c t i o n a l b o u n da ry w h e re th e s u m o f th e

3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

4. ADMINISTRATION, ENFORCEMENT, AND COMPLIANCE

4.1.2 Other Laws. T h e p ro v i s i o n s o f th i s s ta n d a rd s h a l l n o t b e de e m e d t o n u l l i fy a n y p ro v i s i o n s o f l o c a l ,

4.1.4 Informative Appendices and Notes. T h e i n fo rm a ti v e a p p e n d i c e s a n d i n fo rm a ti v e n o t e s c o n ta i n

4.1.5 Referenced Standards. T h e n o rm a ti v e re fe re n c e d s t a n da rds h e re i n a n d l i s t e d i n S e c ti o n 9 s h a l l b e

4.2.2.3 Zero Net Energy Building and Build-Portion Compliance Requirement.

4.2.2.4 P ro p o s e d g re e n h o u s e g a s e m i s s i o n s ( G H G ) p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u d i n g ty p i c a l a n n u a l re fri g e ra n t

4.2.2.5 Zero Net Carbon Building and Building-Portion Compliance Requirement. F o r p ro p o s e d

4.2.3.3 Zero Net Energy Building and Portion-Building Compliance Requirement.

4.2.3.4 M o de l e d G H G p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u di n g t y p i c a l a n n u a l re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e , s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d a n d

re p o rte d i n a c c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 7 a n d a n y q u a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w ab l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t a n d/ o r c a r-

4.2.3.5 Z e ro n e t c a rb o n b ui l di ng a nd b ui l di n g - p o rti o n c o m p l i an c e re qui re me nt. F o r ne w s i te s , th e ne t

net , as de te rm i n e d b y S e c ti o n 7 E qua ti o n 2 , s h al l b e l e s s th an o r e qual to z e ro .

4.2.4.2 S o u rc e e n e rg y s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d a n d re p o rte d i n a c c o rdan c e w i t h S e c t i o n 6 a n d s h a l l i n c l u de

Exception to 4.2.4.3: T h e fi rs t z e ro n e t e n e rg y b u i l di n g o r p o rti o n o f b u i l di n g c o m p l i a n c e fo r a n e x i s t -

4.2.4.4 G H G p e rfo rm a n c e , i n c l u di n g e i th e r t y p i c al o r a c tu a l re fri g e ra n t l e a ka g e , s h a l l b e c a l c u l a te d a n d

re p o rte d i n ac c o rda n c e w i th S e c ti o n 7 , a n d a n y qu a l i fi e d o ff- s i te re n e w a b l e e n e rg y p ro c u re m e n t o r c a rb o n

4.3 Verification of Compliance, Submittals