DH 111 - Occlusion

What are the functions of Occlusion?

1. Incise food
2. Reduce food material

Discuss Horizontal Alignment.

1. Following eruption the tongue acts as a huge internal force

2. Cheeks and lips control teeth from moving too far facially
3. A balance of the above is required for proper horizontal alignment or
malocclusion or underdevelopment of the lower lip
4. Thumb sucking interferes

Discuss Vertical Alignment

1. Teeth are not vertically straight in the mouth

2. Mandibular posterior teeth top their crown lingually and their roots
buccally
3. Maxillary posterior teeth top their crown slightly buccally and roots
lingually

What is Centric relation? What determines centric relation?

- Position of the mandible in relation to the maxilla

- Determined by maximum contraction of the jaw muscles
- This contraction will occur during swallowing
- Top head back and close down

What is Centric Occlusion?

Refers to a position when the jaws are closed, but is determined by the way the
teeth fit together
- Not related to muscle/bone
- Contact between cusps of maxilla and mandible
- Tipping head forward and closing teeth will determine centric occlusion
What is Freeway Space?
Relaxed position of the mandible at rest when the teeth are not occluding

Define Crossbite
When one or more teeth in the mandibular arch are positioned facially to
maxillary arch
Define Overjet
The amount of facial horizontal overlap of the maxillary teeth; usually measured
in mm

Define Overbite
Extension of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth below the incisal
edges of the mandibular anterior teeth in a vertical direction

What is leeway space

Left by a primary tooth to allow a permeant tooth to enter

What is primate space

Spaces left in the deciduous dentition between the teeth; usually between
canines and molars
Classification of Occlusion

Orthognathic Profile – Class 1 Occlusion

- Anterior nasal spine and mental protuberance are in a fairly straight line
Class 1 Malocclusion

Retrognathic Profile – Class II Occlusion

Division 0

Division 1

Division2

Prognathic Profile – Class III Occlusion

Define:
Antagonist
A tooth in one jaw the occludes with a tooth in the other jaw; all teeth have 2
antagonitsts except for the mandibular central incisors and 3rd molars

Cusp
A peak on the occlusal (biting) surface of a molar / premolar and on the incisal
edges of canines

Cingulum
Buldge on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth in the cervical third

Ridge
Any linear line / elevation on the masticatory (chewing) surface of a tooth

Marginal ridge – Posterior teeth

Rounded margins; marginal ridge on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal
surfaces (molars and premolars)
Forms border on the front (mesial) and back (distal) of the tooth when looking at
It from the occlusa

Marginal ridge – anterior teeth

Teeth have a rudge on the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface
(canines and incisors)

Triangular ridge
CUSP ridges. Decend from the tip of cusps of the molars and premolars toward
the central part of the occlusal surfces.
Oblique ridge*****
On maxillary molars (except 3rd)
Crosses the occlusal surface obliquely
Formed by the union of the triangular cusps of the DB cusp and the distal ridge of
the ML cusp of the maxillary molars
Transverse ridge
A ridge crossing the occlusal surface in a buccolingual direction – transversely –
approx.. 90 degrees to the buccal and lingual surfaces

Fossa

irregular, rounded depression or concavity where the converging ridges

terminate, there will be a junction of grooves
Where would they be located on an Anterior tooth/Posterior tooth
Anterior: lingual surface, where cinguolum and marginal ridges) meet
Posterior: occlusal surfaces of all posterior teeth ( central fossa

Pit
Deepest part of fossa; on the occlusal surfaces of molars where the
developmental grooves cross / join

Grooves and types – developmental, buccal, lingual

Developmental: sharp, narrow, and linear depression formed during tooth

development, usually sperating lobes or major portions of a tooth – named
according to location
Supplemental: shallow linear depression but is usally less distint and more
variable then developmental, does not mark the junction of primary parts of
tooth
Buccal and lingual: developmental grooves found on the buccal and lingual
surfaces of posterior teeth

Proximal Contact area

Contact mesially and distally of one tooth to another
Small areas
protective
Interproximal space
Triangular shaped between teeth
Base is on alveolar process
Sides of the triangle are the proximal surfaces of the contacting teeth and the
apex in the contact area

Embrasures

Any curvature toward or away from the contact area

Located on the incisal, occlusal, lingual, facaial
Referred to as spillway