Road Construction - Updates and Detours For Commuters

2/8/23, 2:00 PM Road Construction: Updates and Detours for Commuters
(https://housing.com/news/category/must-knows/construction-know-how/) » Road Construction: Updates and Detours for

Commuters
BY HOUSING NEWS DESK (HTTPS:// HOUSING.COM/ NEWS/AUTHOR/ HOUSING-NEWS-DESK/) | OCTOBER 26, 2022
Road Construction: Updates and Detours for

Commuters
Have you ever wondered how roads are constructed? Read about the construction process here
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Table of Contents [hide]
Road construction: What is it?

Modern road construction
Road construction: Step-by-step process
Road construction: Demand for drainage facilities
Road construction: Materials used
Road construction: The six stages involved
FAQs
Road construction is a laborious operation that might take several years to complete, depending on the length of the
finalised roadway. It takes meticulous planning, many evaluations, and a variety of evaluations, including analyses of the
environment and the structure, and it includes multiple construction teams and plant equipment. Once construction has
started on a road, numerous steps must be completed before the road is ready for vehicle traffic.
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Source: Pinterest
Road construction: What is it?

Road construction is the establishment of an engineered, unbroken right-of-way or roadbed that overcomes
geographical barriers and has levels low enough to allow for car or foot traffic, and is needed to follow legal or official
norms.
Modern road construction

The building of modern roads necessitates the elimination of natural barriers as well as the use of newly developed
building materials that are much more resilient and long-lasting. The steps of the road-building process, in a nutshell,
are:
Explosions and digging are the two primary methods used to remove rocks and soil.
After the construction of embankments, tunnels, and bridges, any required deforestation is performed to clear the
area of vegetation.
In the last step of the road building process, the pavement material is placed down utilising a variety of different
pieces of construction equipment.
When constructing a new road, whether out of asphalt or concrete, it is necessary to produce a pavement structure that
is very well-bonded, starting with a solid foundation (https://housing.com/news/what-is-foundation-types-dimensions-
functions-and-historic-types/) layer and progressing all the way up to a surface course that is properly levelled.
Road construction: Step-by-step process
Source: Pinterest
This part of the article will walk you through each stage of the process of building a road. This procedure is for a project
that will take place in the greenfield. Greenfield refers to projects that are brand new. On the other hand, projects that
include expansion, rehabilitation, and rebuilding are known as brownfield projects.
Improvements to the already-established sub base

When preparing an existing surface, potholes and rust are filled up as necessary. Premix chippings are used to smooth up
the bumps a week before the surface course is laid. A bituminous levelling course of sufficient thickness is supplied to
build a bituminous concrete (https://housing.com/news/what-is-concrete-its-types-and-composition/) surface course
on a binder course as opposed to directly on a WBM if the existing pavement (https://housing.com/news/flexible-
pavement/) is exceptionally low.
The use of the Tuck Coat

When laying an AC (asphalt concrete) layer, it is best to do so over a bituminous foundation or binder course. Bitumen is
spread at a rate of 6.0–7.5 kilogramme per 10 sq.m for the tack coat; for the non-bituminous base, this rate may be raised
to 7.5–10 kg.
Incorporating premix and its preparation

A hot mix facility with the necessary capacity and quality control measures is used to produce the premix. Bitumen may
be heated to temperatures between 150 and 177 degrees Celsius, and the aggregate temperature should not be more
than 14 degrees Celsius away from the binder temperature.
The transporters take the hot mixed material, carry it to the site, and distribute it using a mechanical paver at a
temperature between 121 and 163 degrees Celsius. The layer thickness and camber are both confirmed to be correct. It is
crucial to the durability of the finished pavement structure that the temperatures used for mixing and compaction be
carefully regulated.
Rolling
Source: Pinterest
Rolling at a pace of no more than 5 kilometres per hour fully compacts a mix after it has been spread on the base course.
An 8 to 12-ton roller is used for the preliminary or breakdown rolling, while a 15- to 30-ton, fixed-wheel pneumatic roller
with a tyre pressure of 7 kilogrammes per square centimetre is used for the intermediate rolling.
The roller’s wheels are constantly sprayed with water to keep them from drying out. Depending on the layer’s thickness, a
certain number of passes may be necessary. If the density isn’t high enough after the first day of rolling due to warm
weather, the second day of rolling might do the trick. A tandem roller that weighs between 8 and 10 tonnes does the final
rolling or finishing.
Management of bituminous concrete quality

On-site inspections are carried out, as a matter of course, to guarantee that the final pavement mixture and the
pavement surface area are of a high enough standard.
Regular examinations are carried out for
Aggregate grading
The kind of bitumen used
The aggregate’s current temperature
The temperature of the asphalt mixture when it is being mixed and compacted
When a hot mix facility is finished discharging its mixture, at least one sample per hundred tonnes must be taken and
analysed for the aforementioned criteria. We also do Marshall testing. There must be at least 95% agreement between the
field density and the lab density for every 100 square metres of compacted surface. There is a 6mm tolerance for
thickness changes for every 4.5m in length.
Completed layer
A straight edge measuring 3.0 m should be used to inspect the AC coating. There shouldn’t be more than 10 undulations
above 6.0 mm and 8.0 mm in length within a stretch of 300 metres. No more than 4.0mm of undulations may be
tolerated in the cross-traffic profile.
Road construction: Demand for drainage facilities

Roads need to be equipped with drainage systems to survive throughout their service lives. Water causes pavement
defects. Erosion of the subgrade could occur if there is running water. As a result, a road should never be wet; more
specifically, there should be no accumulation of water on or below the pavement.
A road must have an appropriate cross profile so that water can flow off of it properly. Both sides of the walkway should
be equipped with drains, and the water should be transported and disposed of properly through a drain to avoid the
erosion of the subgrade.
Road construction: Materials used

Soil, aggregates (both coarse and fine), bitumen, binders, and admixtures are the components that go into the building of
roads. Each layer has exclusive discretion over the application of its own substance. The following are the many forms in
which materials for road construction can be applied:
As a naturally occurring or manufactured substance, the soil is used as subgrade material.

The blend of coarse and fine aggregates constitutes the sub-base course.
The aggregate of 0-10 mm in size, when combined with bitumen, serves as the base course and wearing course.
As cutback bitumen, emulsion, and asphalt, bitumen is used in bitumen mixture, tack coat, and prime coat.
Road construction: The six stages involved
Source: Pinterest
To someone who is not familiar with the procedure, constructing a road may not seem to be all that difficult at first. On
the other hand, there is a great deal more labour that takes place in the background than the average person may be
aware of. Today, we are looking more closely at the six typical phases that are connected with the building and
maintenance of roads, and we are going to explore how the method used by Global Road Technology may save
substantial amounts of time and cost throughout the process:
The 6 stages involved in the “traditional” method of road construction and maintenance are:
Planning
The first stage in every project involving the building or maintenance of roads is to do thorough planning and analysis of
the requirements that the project is meant to meet. Local traffic patterns, both current and future, ought to be analysed,
and a cost-benefit analysis should be performed by private organisations to ensure that they will actually receive a good
return on their investment in construction. This will ensure that they will actually receive good value for their investment.
At this point, possible concerns on finance, the law, and the environment will be discussed so that solutions may be
found in advance.
Design
The design phase is the next step in the process of a typical building and maintenance project. Surveyors will go to the
location in person and make use of laser equipment to precisely determine the alignment of the road, as well as its form
and its direction.
During this phase of the project, not only is consideration given to the potential impact on nearby residents but also the
location, terrain, and soil properties of the area, as well as the possibility of future expansion in the immediate physical
vicinity, as well as any potential water access and drainage issues that may arise.
Earthworks
The earthworks are the first phase that the vast majority of people would be able to identify as being part of a road
construction and maintenance project just by looking at it. Following this stage, the pavement will be placed on top of a
hard and sturdy foundation that will be the result of this phase’s efforts. The road surface will certainly break prematurely
at some point if the earthworks are not carried out appropriately.
Before continuing with the project, all of the necessary components, including embankments, levelling, fill, compacting,
drainage, and sewers, must be installed and inspected. The final step of the process is typically the placement of 12
inches of gravel on the bed, followed by a final series of compactions to reach the desired height.
Putting down Pavement

After the road’s surface has been built, smoothed, and levelled off to the necessary height, the surface is afterwards
sealed, connected, and fortified to avoid fractures in the road in the future.
QC
Before road construction and maintenance, a project can only be regarded as genuinely accomplished when there will be
one more battery of quality control tests carried out after the surface has been satisfactorily created. Another inspection
will be done on the drainage, as well as on the grading levels, landscaping, and restoration, among other things. The road
will be able to be opened for traffic and will be in usable condition if all of the tests turn out well.
Maintenance
Traditional road surfaces will suffer degradation over time from both traffic and environmental factors, which will need
their restoration. The estimated lifespan of road construction and maintenance projects varies from nation to country,
but on average, one may anticipate that the project will provide service for many decades, with significant rehabilitation
work being carried out around every 10 years.
FAQs
Why is road construction important?
Roads that are not well-maintained limit mobility, greatly increase the expenses of running vehicles, increase the
number of accidents and the accompanying losses to human life and property, and exacerbate the problems of
social isolation, poverty, bad health, and illiteracy in rural areas.
What is considered to be the average width of a road?
A contemporary highway will typically feature two lanes in each direction that are 3.75 metres wide, in addition to an
extra clearance of 0.50 metres on either side.
What kinds of materials are used in the construction of roadways?
Asphalt and concrete are the two materials that are used the most often in the process of paving roadways. The kind
of material that is used will be decided based on things like the cost and the volume of traffic. Bitumen is an oil-based
chemical that is used in the production of asphalt. Sand and crushed rock are brought together with the help of
bitumen.
How many layers are there in road construction?
There are 4 layers in road construction. These are subgrade or roadbed, sub-base course, base Course and surface
course or wearing course.
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2/8/23, 2:00 PM Road Construction: Updates and Detours for Commuters

(https://housing.com/news/category/must-knows/construction-know-how/) » Road Construction: Updates and Detours for

Road Construction: Updates and Detours for

Road construction: What is it?

Road construction: What is it?

Modern road construction

Road construction: Step-by-step process

Improvements to the already-established sub base

The use of the Tuck Coat

Incorporating premix and its preparation

Management of bituminous concrete quality

Regular examinations are carried out for

Road construction: Demand for drainage facilities

Road construction: Materials used

As a naturally occurring or manufactured substance, the soil is used as subgrade material.

Road construction: The six stages involved

Putting down Pavement

Why is road construction important?

What is considered to be the average width of a road?

What kinds of materials are used in the construction of roadways?

How many layers are there in road construction?

Was this article useful?

Difference between map and plan.

Flexural Strength of Concrete: Understanding and Improving it.

Concrete calculator: A guide to using a concrete calculator.

PCC Concrete: What Are the Benefits and Uses?.

Various methods of building valuation.

What are soak pits and how should they be maintained?.

Road construction (https://housing.com/news/tag/road-construction/)

road construction materials (https://housing.com/news/tag/road-construction-materials/)

road construction process (https://housing.com/news/tag/road-construction-process/)

road construction stages (https://housing.com/news/tag/road-construction-stages/)

For any feedback, write to us at editor@housing.com. (mailto:editor@housing.com)

Rent/Sell Your Property Free

1 lakh+ sellers trust us Post Property

How did you find/buy your first dream home?

Polls Archive (https://housing.com/news/pollsarchive)

Property Tax in Delhi (https://housing.com/news/guide-paying-property-tax-delhi/)

Value of Property (https://housing.com/news/how-to-arrive-at-the-fair-market-value-of-a-property-and-its-importance-in-income-tax-laws/)

BBMP Property Tax (https://housing.com/news/guide-paying-property-tax-bengaluru/)

Property Tax in Mumbai (https://housing.com/news/save-tax-sale-house/)

PCMC Property Tax (https://housing.com/news/a-guide-to-paying-pcmc-property-tax/)

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