Chapter 4 - Cell Physiology 1 {a) Define the term water potential. fi (b) The diagram below represents three adjacent cells in a plant. All values are in kPa, (i) Calculate the for the cell A. ri gram to show the net movement of water, if any, between ra) (ii) Add arrow(s) on the dia the cells,Pitaietuicnenssncc cr aaa () 10% sucrose solution was added toa hole cut into the top of a peeled raw potato. The potato was placed into a beaker of water. The diagram below shows the potato and beaker at the start and then after 5 hours. 10% sucrose peeled solution potato S hours later — In terms of water potential, describe and explain the results shown.ee Ceres 2 The diagram below shows how water potential, solute potential and pressure potential change between the states of full turgor and incipient plasmolysis in a plant cell. Pressure potential (y) Water potential (y) Solute potential (y,) + + Full Incipient turgor plasmolysis {a) Define the term incipient plasmolysis. mm (b) Explain the changes in solute potential and pressure potential shown in the diagram. solute potential pressure potential (c) Suggest why the solute potential of a plant cell never reaches zero. i] (d) State the value for pressure potential when a plant cell isin a state between incipient plasmolysis and full plasmolysis. Explain your answer.Pie eke cusscak cha cela 3 Substances can move across the cell membrane row has been completed for you. bya number of mechanisms. Complete the table below by adding ticks (v) if correct or crosses (X) ifincorrect as appropriate. The first Statement Mechanism of transport channel or carrier carrier proteins are | proteins are wolved involved transports only but not channel down the concentration gradient requires energy osmosis 2 x v x facilitated diffusion active transport (simple) diffusion 4 Anexperiment was carried out to in ion uptake by young grass enriched with potassium ions. One at 25°C for a number of hours at calculated. ‘After 3 hours the seedlings in each ‘The results are shown on the graph below. Total K* uptake / arbitrary units seedlings. westigate the effect of temps ‘The seedlings were germinated in damp cotton wool (3) erature on potassium (K') batch of seedlings was kept at 3°C and a second batch ind the average total K’ uptake per seedlin« \g over time batch were treated with a respiratory inhibitor. Respiratory inhibitor added Ea Time / hoursra Cem eye lag (a) Describe and explain the effect of the respiratory inhibitor on K* uptake at 25°C. (b) Describe and explain the results for the seedlings at 3°C.Piiais uke surance a 5 The sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) has its leaves subdivided into smaller leaflets arranged at right angles to the main leaf midrib. Itis a plant with very sensitive and delicate leaflets that can rapidly fold when disturbed as shown in the diagram below. Leaflets fold in order from top At the base of each leaflet specially adapted ‘hinge’ cells exist at ‘the junction with the midrib. A rapid loss of turgor in these ‘hinge’ cells causes the leaflets to fold. The leaflets return to their original extended position when the ‘hinge’ cells regain turgor. {a) (i) It is thought that the ability of the leaflets to fold helps protect against heavy rain and excessive heat. Suggest one other advantage to the plant of this feature. m (ii) Suggest one disadvantage to the plant of having folding leaflets. {b) When disturbed, the ‘hinge’ cells release K* ions into surrounding cells. Using the information provided, and in terms of water potential, explain how this causes the leaflets to fold.