Grp 203

POPULATION
Population means numbers; Human population is the number of persons or people living within a
particular area at a particular point in time. Time and location (spatio-temporal) are essential
ingredients in description of human population on the earth surface because the human population
at any given point in time varies from one location to another in terms of number, composition and
the actual location.

This variation is due essentially to the 3 major elements of population dynamic reflecting the level of
performance, interaction and changes. These elements are; Fertility, Mortality and Migration.

Fertility is described as the number of life birth by women in a particular area. Determining fertility
rate will include the identification of the actual number of women in the population and the
numbers of children multiply by 1000 (constant). Fertility has a positive effect on population

Fertility rate could be determined through the

CBR (Crude Birth Rate). Crude birth rate is calculated by dividing the number of life birth in a given
year by the mid-year population multiply by 1000.

Age Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR) This describes the fertility of each age group X to X+5 in a given
year. The intention of the age specific fertility rate (ASFR) is to identify the most fertile age group in
any population.

Total Fertility Rate Total fertility rate is the sum of all Age Specific fertility rate (ASFR).

MORTALITY: Mortality is referring to as the incidents of death. It has a negative effect on

population growth It could be determined through the determination of

1. CRUDE DEATH RATE(CDR): Is the total number of death in a particular year divided by the mid-
year population multiply by 1000

2. AGE SPECIFIC DEATH RATE (ASDR): It refers to numbers of death for a particular age group in a
given population.

Migration

Migration is the movement of people from one geographical area to another for a period not below
6(six) months. As an aspect of mobility (general movement/change of location), migration affects
the population of any area than the other type of mobility which is known as Circulation (temporary
movement from one point to another).

Theories of population

Malthusian theory and Demographic transition theory

Ola Solomon