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In the present study, the Peperomia subspathulata plant was used, specifically the
leaves and stems, to obtain extracts by percolation and essential oil by microwave-assisted
Clevenger hydrodistillation. In addition, the antimicrobial capacity of these extracts and
oils was evaluated.

The identification of the components present in the extracts was carried out by
means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In the leaves, alpha
bisabolol (11.60-29.74%), safrole (10.55-28.35%), alpha guaiene (6.82-10.55%) and
myristicin (9.87) were found as major components in the extracts of hexane,
dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. %). In the stems, the main components identified in all
the extracts were safrole (6.71-30.10%) and alpha guaieno (11.63-26.5%). In addition,
alpha bisabolol (17.48-33.25%) was found in the hexane and dichloromethane extracts, and
2,3-butanediol (13.14%) in the dichloromethane extract.

The average yield of the essential oil obtained from the leaves was 1.13%, while for
the stems it was 0.89. The power and time parameters for microwave-assisted
hydrodistillation oil extraction were optimized, considering the yield and the total
chromatographic area. It was found that the optimal power to maximize yield was 800
watts, with a time of 81 minutes, obtaining an average yield of 1.49% for leaves and 0.92%
for stems. Regarding the total chromatographic area, it was found that the optimal power
was 700 watts, with a time of 90 minutes, through multi-response optimization of the
parameters, an optimal point of 750 watts and 82 minutes was obtained. In the volatile
profile of the oil, three main components were identified for the leaves: myristicin
(50.06%), safrole (19.41%) and alpha bisabolol (16.52%). For the stems, myristicin
(60.61%), safrole (22.8%) and alpha bisabolol (10.01%) were identified.

Regarding the antimicrobial activity, it was evaluated against Escherichia coli

(Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) bacteria. The results showed
that there was no inhibition against E. coli. However, inhibition was observed against
antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, where foliar oils showed an inhibition halo of 10.17 mm,
corresponding to 51.39% inhibition. Hexane and dichloromethane stem extracts, as well as
ethyl acetate stem and leaf extracts, also showed inhibition against S. aureus ATCC 33591,
with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg/mL for the stem extract. of
hexane, 125 µg/mL for the dichloromethane stem extract, 125 µg/mL for the ethyl acetate
stem extract, and 62.5 µg/mL for the ethyl acetate leaf extract.