DEFINISI

• What is Management?
• Pencapaian suatu tujuan
organisasi yang efektif dan efisien
dengan mengintegrasikan kinerja
masing-masing individu melalui
proses planning, organizing, leading
dan controlling (Kinicki &
Williams, 2018).

• What is Strategy?
• Kumpulan teori/cara/pola untuk
mencapai target organisasi
(Mainardes et al., 2014)
DEFINISI
• Manajemen strategi:
• The art and science of formulating, implementing,
and evaluating cross-functional decisions that
enable an organization to achieve its objectives
(David, 2011).
• Strategic management is a broad term that includes
determining the mission and objective of the
organization in the context of its external and
internal environments (Mainardes et al., 2014).
• Strategic management is a collection of ongoing
activities of strategic analysis, strategy creation,
implementation and monitoring. It systematically
organizes the resources in align with vision, mission
and strategy throughout the organization
(Athapaththu, 2016)
VISI
• Vision is future-oriented and describes where
an organization would like to be positioned in
the market in 5, 10, 15, or 20 years’ time.
• Vision explains what the firm wants to be in
future and the level it wants to attain and is
the communication of dream concerning the
future that is desired (Ozden, 2014)
• A strong vision helps a business to guess
future events, prepare for changes and
innovations, courageous in facing the future,
forecast changes in the demand of customers
and boost employee efficiency (Powers,2012)
MISI
• Mission is the rationale for being an organization. When an
organization creates strategies to make choice among various
alternatives, mission statements anchors the strategies (Taiwo et
al., 2016)
• A mission statement that is well prepared will identify the key
reason of the firm and its area of activity in relations to goods
and markets which differentiates the company from others

• Mission is the pursuit of a goal that is unique to an

organization’s competitive advantage—its specifc strengths and
offerings relative to competitors—while again emphasizing its
values. Te best mission statements are general enough to drive
the strategic pursuit of numerous organizational goals and a
plethora of organizational objectives, yet are specifc enough to
focus and prioritize organizational activities and resources
(Bowen, 2018).
PROSES MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
• ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
• STRATEGY FORMULATION
• STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION
• EVALUATION AND CONTROL

Zafar et al., 2011

 ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

 Proses untuk mengevaluasi faktor-faktor lingkungan baik

tingkat makro dan mikro dalam rangka mengidentifikasi
peluang dan ancaman bagi sebuah organisasi.
 Environmental Analysis: this refers to an establishment of
link between the internal and external environment that
the organization need to do (Zafar et al., 2011).
 The main purpose of environmental scanning is
therefore to find out the correct “fit” between the firm
and its environment, so that managers can formulate
strategies to take advantage of the opportunities and
avoid or reduce the impact of threats.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

 External environmental
 SLEPT analysis (Social, Legal, Economic, Political and
Technological analysis)
 PESTEL analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological,
Environmental and Legal factors)

 Internal environmental
 SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat
analysis)
STRATEGY FORMULATION
• Suatu proses memilih tindakan terbaik
untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah
ditetapkan dalam sebuah organisasi (Zafar
et al., 2011).
• Tompson and Strickland define strategy
formulation as a phase or sub-process of
strategic management in which a firm
creates its direction, defines its objectives
and set a course for the organization to
follow (Palladan & Adamu., 2018).
• Terdapat tiga langkah:
• Generation of option
• Evaluation of option
• Selection of strategy
 Generation of option
• Setelah menganalisis kondisi lingkungan, dilanjutkan dengan menciptakan
pilihan strategi.
• Pilihan strategi yg ada harus merujuk pada tujuan yang ditetapkan
• Membutuhkan kreativitas (out of the box)
 Evaluation of option
• Evaluasi pilihan strategi yang ada membutuhkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan
lain seperti success, cost affects, risk factors, time factors
• Melalui evaluasi ini akan memudahkan untuk menyeleksi strategi mana yang
akan digunakan.
 Selection of strategy
• Setelah mempertimbangkan pilihan strategi melalui evaluasi, selanjutnya
dilakukan seleksi terhadap strategi yang mudah untuk dilaksanakan sesuai
tujuan yang ditetapkan
• Namun sebelum diimplementasikan perlu untuk mendapat persetujuan
atasan (jika ada)
STRATEGY
IMPLEMENTATION
• Strategy implementation membuat
strategi berkerja/berfungsi sesuai
dengan tujuan yang ditetapkan.
Strategy implementation meliputi:
• Designing the organization’s structure
• Distributing resources
• Developing decision making process
• Managing human resources
EVALUATION AND CONTROL
• Bagian ini merupakan langkah terakhir
dari proses manajemen strategi.
• The key strategy evaluation activities are:
studying the effect of internal and
external factors on present strategies,
measuring performance, and taking
remedial / corrective steps.
• Proses evaluasi dan kontrol memastikan
bahwa antara strategi yang dilaksanakan
mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan
 Referensi

 Athapaththu H. (2016). An Overview of Strategic Management: An Analysis of the Concepts and the Importance of Strategic
Management. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 2: ISSN 2250-3153
 Boris, K. & Grundei, J. (2019). HR Governance A Theoretical Introduction. Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94526-2
 Bowen, S. (2018). Mission and Vision. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/9781119010722.iesc0111
 David F.R (2011). Strategic Management Concepts and Cases. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc
 Hill, CWL. & Jones G.R. (2012). Essentials of Strategic Management: 3rd Edition. USA: South – Western Cengage Learning
 Kinicki, Angelo/Williams, Brian K. (2018): Management – A Practical Introduction (8th edition); New York: McGraw-Hill 2018
 Mainardes, E.W., Ferreira, JJ., Raposo, ML. (2014). STRATEGY AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS: ARE THEY
RECOGNISED BY MANAGEMENT STUDENTS? . DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2014-1-004
 Palladan AA. & Adamu MA. (2018). An Overview of Strategic Management Practices. Austin Journal of Business
Administration and Management
 Taiwo, AA., Lawal F.A., Agwu, M.E. (2016). Vision and Mission in Organization: Myth or Heuristic Device? . The International
Journal Of Business & Management (ISSN 2321–8916).
 Zafar, F., Babar, S., Abbas, H. (2011). THE ART OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT- A KEY TO SUCCESS IN CORPORATE SECTOR.
European Journal of Research and Reflection in Management Sciences Vol. 1 No. 1, 2013