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How Much Chlorine To Inject to Treat

Iron & Manganese Before Iron Filters?
Gerry Bulfin

~3 minutes

How much chlorine to inject? A common question we often get is,

how much chlorine do I need to inject before my iron filter to treat
iron, manganese and hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg odor)?

The short answer is:

• 0.62 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of iron;

• 1.29 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of manganese

• 8.33 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of sulfide

Note that mg/L (milligram per liter) is the same as saying PPM (parts
per million).

Pre-Treatment With Chlorine and Filtration with Pro-OX

Manganese Dioxide Media
A rapid and efficient method for removing iron and manganese and

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hydrogen sulfide is to chlorinate the raw water, allow 30 to 60

second retention time and filter with Pro-OX manganese dioxide
filter media.

A level greater than 0.5 mg/l of oxidant (chlorine) should be injected

into the storage tanks and distribution system to inhibit the growth of
iron and sulfur bacteria.

Water is received from the well source and treated with chlorine to
oxidize the iron, manganese, and sulfides present. The iron is
oxidized to ferric iron; the manganese to the manganic form and
sulfides are oxidized to sulfate.

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Sulfate is common in water supplies and does not contribute

objectionable taste or odor. A sufficient amount of chlorine is added
to the water to meet the chemical demand and reach the chlorine
breakpoint. A minimum free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/l is provided
to the distribution system. A higher residual may be injected
depending on conditions.

How Much Chlorine To Inject?

Stoichiometry is used to determine the number of reactants (in this

case chlorine) that are needed in a given reaction. Describing the
quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in
chemical reactions is known as reaction stoichiometry.

The stoichiometric equivalent for chlorine needed to oxidize iron,

manganese, and sulfide is:

• 0.62 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of iron;

• 1.29 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of manganese

• 8.33 mg/l of chlorine per mg/l of sulfide

• Plus organic demands which may be present, determined by jar

testing or field pilot tests.

Note that even though hydrogen peroxide can be used, it does

not work well if manganese is present. For iron with
manganese, chlorination or ozone works best.

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