INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES

TL2143 – GIS | Group 05

 What is INTERPOLATION ?

The prediction of values in the spaces between data points

Deterministic Statistical
“exact” interpolators inexact, but with quantification of error
Good for data where points are constant Good for noisy data
Ex; Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Ex; Kriging
 IDW KRIGING NATURAL NEIGHBOR
INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION

SPLINE TREND
INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION
 Weight of each sample point is an inverse proportion to the distance

Involves the estimation of variables at non-sampled locations

Estimate the values at unknown points using the distance and values
to nearby known points
IDW
INTERPOLATION A larger number of sample points imply in a smoother surface

The best results from IDW are obtained when sampling is sufficiently

WHEN TO USE ?
Temperature of specific country
Productivity of a country
Elevation
population density
 Delivers a measure of confidence of how likely that prediction will be
true

The estimations are weighted averaged input point values

KRIGING The weight factors in Kriging are determined by using a user-specified

INTERPOLATION semi-variogram model

The Key to Kriging is the Semi variogram

Linear | Spherical | Exponential | Gaussian | Circular

ORDINARY KRIGING
+ WHEN TO USE ?
Environmental science (soil type)
Hydrology
UNIVERSAL KRIGING Natural resources studies (water, atmosphere, vegetation)
 Also known as Sibson or Area-stealing Interpolation

A geometric estimation technique and a weighted-average

interpolation method

Appropriate where sample data points are distributed with uneven

NATURAL NEIGHBOR density
INTERPOLATION
Associated with neighboring Voronoi (Thiessen) polygons

Surface is constructed according to variance

WHEN TO USE ?
When there is a large no of sample points
 Interpolates a raster surface from points using a two-dimensional
minimum curvature spline technique

Additional spline parameters

1. Weight parameter
SPLINE 2. Number of points parameter

INTERPOLATION Estimates values using a mathematical function

The number of sample values is relatively small

A smooth distribution of values

REGULARIZED SPLINE TYPE

+ WHEN TO USE ?
Temperature data

TENSION SPLINE TYPE

 Statistical method

Least-square regression model

One polynomial equation to the entire surface

TREND Minimizes surface variance in relation to the input values

INTERPOLATION
Surface is constructed according to variance

LINEAR TREND
+ WHEN TO USE ?
Pollution over an industrial area
wind direction
LOGISTICS TREND
Rainfall Pattern In Kukule River Area
 IDW KRIGING SPLINE
INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION

NATURAL NEIGHBOR TREND LEDGEND

INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION
 IDW KRIGING SPLINE
INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION

NATURAL NEIGHBOR TREND

INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION

No Similarities
Various Distribution Patterns
F-Test and R Value

Source : VALIDATION OF SPATIAL

INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES IN GIS -
V.P.I.S. Wijeratna
 IDW KRIGING
INTERPOLATION INTERPOLATION

Mean Standardized & Root

Mean Standardized Values
are Higher values
Low Root Mean Square value
F-Test

Regression Model : 0.7743X + 852.76 Regression Model : 0.76009X + 848.2249

Mean : - 44.08655 Mean : - 81.38832
Root-Mean-Square = 545.9848 Root-Mean-Square = 655.6534
 KRIGING
INTERPOLATION

Rainfall Pattern In Kukule River Area

REFERENCE
• VALIDATION OF SPATIAL INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUES IN GIS, V.P.I.S. Wijeratne and L.Manawadu
University of Colombo (UOC)
• Spatial Interpolation of Rainfall Data Using ArcGIS: A Comparative Study, University of South
Florida St. Petersburg
• Spatial Interpolation of Rainfall Data Using ArcGIS: A Comparative Study , Julie Earls & Dr. Barnali
Dixon
• ArcGIS Help : http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/
• Interpolating Surfaces in ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, C. Childs
TEAM
• 151448J
• 151435R
• 151436V
• 1514
• 1514
• 1514

THANK YOU !