THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

AND ITS REGULATION

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 Pulmonary Ventilation
a. Inspiration
b. Expiration

02 Pulmonary Volumes
THE RESPIRATORY AND
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS
COMBINE TO PROVIDE AN
EFECTIVE DELIVERY SYSTEM
THAT CARRIES OXYGEN TO,
AND REMOVES CARBON
DIOXIDE FROM OUR BODY
THIS TRANSPORTATION INVOLVES
FOUR SEPERATE STAGES:

PULMONARY VENTILATION:
movement of air into
and out of the lungs.
TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN AND
EXTERNAL
CARBON DIOXIDE VIA BLOOD
RESPIRATION
PULMONARY DIFFUSION:
INTERNAL
the exchange of
CAPILLARY DIFFUSION: RESPIRATION
oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the the exchange of oxygen and
lungs and the blood carbon dioxide between the
capillary blood and
metabolically active tissues
PULMONARY VENTILATION

Pulmonary Ventilation, or breathing is the process

by which we move air into and out of the lungs

Nasal Breathing - is more beneficial than mouth

breathing. because the air is warmed and
humidified as it swirls through the bony irregular
surfaces (turbinates and conchae)
INSPIRATION (Breathing In)
-is an active process involving the diaphragm and the
external intercostal muscles. With inspiration the ribs and
external intercostal muscles are are moved by the external
intercostal muscles. The rib swing up and out and at the
same time, the diaphragm contracts, flattening down toward
the abdomen

EXPIRATION (Breathing Out)

-is a passive process involving relaxation of the inspiratory
muscles and elastic recoil of the lung tissue. As the
diaphragm relaxes, it returns to its normal upward, arched
position
PULMONARY VOLUMES

SPIROMETRY
The volume of air in the lungs can be measured with a
technique called spirometry. A spirometer measures the
volumes of air inspired and expired and therefore changes
in lung volume. This technique is used clinically to measure
the volumes, capacities, and flow rates as an aid in
diagnosing such respiratory diseases such as asthma.
SPIROMETER