The concept of wave-particle duality lies at the heart of quantum physics.

It suggests that elementary

particles, such as electrons and photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. This
means that they can behave as discrete particles with definite positions and momenta, but also as
waves with characteristics like interference and diffraction. This duality challenges our classical
intuitions and demonstrates that the behavior of particles on the quantum scale is fundamentally
different from that of macroscopic objects.

Superposition is another intriguing aspect of quantum physics. It states that a quantum system can
exist in multiple states simultaneously. For instance, an electron can be in a superposition of being
both spin-up and spin-down until it is measured, at which point it "collapses" into a definite state.
This principle has been experimentally verified and has profound implications for quantum
computing and cryptography, where multiple calculations can be performed simultaneously.