LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

SAMPLE PROBLEMS | A. SPUR GEARS

1. (Spur Gear)
A machinist made an 8 diametral pitch spur gears to be mounted at a center distance of 16
inches with a speed ratio of 9 to 7 Find the following:

a) No. of teeth of each gear

b) Pitch diameter of each gear
n1 9
c) Outside diameter of each gear since: mw = =
n2 7
d) Circular pitch

Given:
Pd =8 teetℎ/¿ .
C=16∈¿.
N1 9
mw = =
N2 7

Solution:
a) No. of teeth of each gear, Ng and Np
N1 N g 9
= =
N2 Np 7
N1 Dg
= ; since 9 is for pinion∧7 for tℎe gear
N 2 Dp
N 2 D g 7 Dg
D p= = =0.778 D g
N1 9
Then:
D p+ D g
C=
2
0.778 D g + Dg
16=
2
0.778+1
16∈.=D g
2
D g=18∈. ans.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

N 2 Dg 7 Dg 7 ( 18∈. )
D p= = =
N1 9 9
D p=14 ∈. ans.
Since:
Ng
Pd =
Dg
N g=Pd D g=( 8 teetℎ/¿ )( 18∈. )
N g=144 teetℎ ans.

N p=P d D p=( 8 t eetℎ/¿ )( 1 4 ∈. )

N p=112teetℎ ans.

b) Pitch diameter of each gear, Dp and Dg

D g=18∈. ans. See solutions above
D p=14 ∈. ans. See solutions above

c) Outside Diameter of each gear

Outside Dia .=D+2 a ; wℎere a=addendum

a=( 1/ Pd )=( Pc / π ) ; p .364 Faires

a=( 1/ 8 )=0.125

OD p=D p +2 a=14∈.+2 ( 0.125 )

OD p=14.25∈. ans.

OD g=D g +2 a=18∈.+2 ( 0.125 )

OD g=18.25∈. ans.

d) Circular Pitch, Pc
Pc P d=π
π π
Pc = = =0.3927 incℎ/teetℎ ans.
Pd 8 teetℎ/incℎ

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

2. (Spur Gears)
A pair of meshing spur gears has a module of 2. The pinion has 18 teeth and the gear has 27
teeth.

a) Pitch diameter of each gear

b) Center Distance between gears

Given:
M o=2 mm /teetℎ
N p=18teetℎ
N g=27 teetℎ
C=?

a) Pitch diameter of each gear; Dp and Dg

D p 1 Dg
since: M o = = =
N p Pd N g
also : D p=M o N p
D g=M o N g

D p=M o N p =( 2mm /teetℎ )( 18 teetℎ )=36 m m. ans.

D g=M o N g= (2 mm /teetℎ )( 27 teetℎ )=54 mm . ans.

b) Center distance between gears, C

D p Dg
C=R+r = +
2 2
36 mm . 54 mm .
C= +
2 2
C=45 mm . ans.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

3. (Spur Gears)

Determine the number of teeth of the pinion and a gear where the speed ratio is 6/9 and the
module is 3 mounted on the center distance of 400 mm.

Given :
M o=3 mm /tootℎ
C=400 mm .
Np N2 6
mw = = =
N g N1 9

Solution:
a) No. of teeth in the pinion and the gear
Dp Dg
since ;C= +
2 2
also ; Dg =M o N g∧D p =M o N p
Mo N p Mo Ng
tℎen ; C= +
2 2
6 6
Mo N g +1
9 M o Ng 9
C= + = M o N g=0.833 M o N g
2 2 2
C 400 mm
N g= =
0.833 M o 0.833 ( 3 mm/tootℎ )
N g=160 teetℎ ans.
Np
¿ ; mw=
Ng
N p=m w N g
6
N p= ( 160 teetℎ )
9
N p=106.667teetℎ
say N p =107 teetℎ ans.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

4. ME Board Problem
April 1991
(Helical Gears)
A steel pinion having a diameter of about 254 mm meshes with a steel gear which turns at 1/3
the angular speed of the pinion. The torque of 3,222 kg–cm (18,000 lb-in). The angle of cut of
the teeth is to be 20°. Assume the width of the face to be 9 times the normal pitch, the normal
diametral pitch to be 4, and the Grinnell Hardness Number of gear and pinion to be 200 and 250
respectively. The teeth to be 14 1/2° composite form.

Determine:
a) The normal diametral pitch of the teeth.
b) Number of teeth required.
c) The hardness of the gear and pinion.

Given:
Steel pinion, D p=254 mm
Steel gear:
T =3222 kg − cm¿

( 25.4¿mm )( 1 cm )
10 mm
T =3222 kg − cm ( 9.81 N /kg f )

T =316 , 078.20 N − mm
T =316.078 N − m
ψ=angle of cut of tℎe teetℎ=ℎelix angle=20°
b=face widtℎ=9 Pdn
Pdn =normal diametral pitcℎ=4 teetℎ /¿ .=0.15748 teetℎ/mm
B HN g=200
B HN p =250
ϕ n =pressure angle∈normal plane=14 1 /2 °

Solution:
a) The normal diametral pitch of the teeth.
Pdn =?
Pdn =4 teetℎ/ ¿ .( given)=0.15748 teetℎ/mm ans.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

b) Number of teeth required.

Np
since P dn=
Dp
tℎerefore , N p=no . of teetℎ of tℎe pinion
N p=P d D p
Pd
also ; Pdn= ; P =Pdn cosψ
cos ψ d
tℎerefore , N p=Pdn D p cos ψ
¿ cos 20 ° ( 254 mm ) ( 0.15748 teetℎ/mm )
N p=37.587teetℎ ; say 38 teetℎ ans.
Ng Wp Ng
=3 since =3=
Np Wg Np
N g=3 ( N p )
¿ 3 ( 38 teetℎ )
¿ 114 teetℎ ans.

c) The hardness of the gear and pinion.

For the gear,
BHN g=Brinell Hardness No .
BHN g=200( given) ans.
For the pinion,
BHN p=Brinell Hardness No .
BHN p=250( given) ans.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

5. ME Board Problem
April 1981
(Worm Gears)
A double threaded right-handed worm gear transmits 5hp at 1150rpm. The pitch of the worm
is 0.75inches and pitch diameter of 3inches. The pressure angle is 14 1/2° and the coefficient of
friction is 0.12. Find;

a) Tangential force on the gear in pounds

b) Tangential force on the worm in pounds
c) Separating force in pounds

Given:
Double threaded, right handed
P=15 ℎp (11.19 kW )
n w =1150 rpm
Pa=axial pitcℎ
¿ 0.75∈ ( 19 .05 mm )
D w =3∈. ( 76.2 mm )= pitcℎ diameter
ϕ =pressure angle=14 1/2°
f =0.12
For a doubletℎreaded , N t =2=no .of tℎreads

Solution:
a) Tangential force on the gear in pounds
Since P=Ft V m
P
F t= : wℎere V mg= pitcℎline speed of tℎe gear
V mg
Solving for the Vmg, the velocity of the gear;
V mg= Ln w : see figure of worm gear
L=lead of worm tℎread
L=N t P a : wℎere N t =No . of tℎreads
¿ 2 for doubletℎreaded
L=2 ( 0.7 5∈. )=1.5∈.

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

V mg=1.5∈. 1150 ( rev

min
¿)
Then;
P
F t=
V mg
Computing for the efficiency of worm gear:

e=tan λ
( cos ϕ n − ftan λ
cos ϕ n tan λ +f )
L 1.5∈.
tan λ= = =0.15915
π D w π (3 ∈. )
λ=9.043 °
From page 432, equation h (Faires);
tan ϕ n=t anϕcos λ
wℎere : ϕn =normal pressure angle
ϕ =14 1/2°= pressure angle
tan ϕ n=( t an 14 1/2 ° )( cos 9.043° )
ϕ n =14.327°

e=tan 14.327° ( cos 14.327 ° − ( 0.12 ) ( tan 9.043 ° )

( cos 14.327 ° )( tan 9.043° ) + 0.12 )
e=0.55128
Then the tangential force on the gear is;

F t=
P
=
15 ℎp ( 0.55128 ) 33000( ft − lb
ℎp −min )
V mg 143.75 ft /min
F tg =1898.320lbs . ans.

b) Tangential force on the worm in pounds

P
F t=
V mw

V m w =Velocity of tℎe worm gear

V m w =π D w nw

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 LECTURE 2 | SAMPLE PROBLEMS | GEARS

(
V m w =π ( 3∈. ) 1150
rev
min )( ft
12∈.)=903.2078 ft /min

F t=
P
=
(
15 ℎp 33000
ft − lb
ℎp −min )
V mw 903.2078 ft /min
F tw=548 lbs . ans.

c) Separating force in pounds

F t sin ϕ n W t sin ϕn
S= =
cos ϕ n cos λ − fsinλ cos ϕ n sin λ − fcosλ
since F t =Ftg =1898.320 lbs .
F t sin ϕ n
S=
cos ϕ n cos λ − fsinλ
( 1898.320lbs ) ( sin 14.327 ° )
S=
( cos 14.327 ° ) ( cos 9.043 ° ) − ( 0.12 ) ( sin 9.043° )
S=500.8lbs . ans.
W t sin ϕ n
¿ S=
cos ϕ n sin λ − fcosλ
wℎere W t=F tw =548lbs .
( 548lbs ) ( sin 14.327 ° )
S=
( cos 14.327 ° ) ( sin 9.043 ° ) − ( 0.12 )( cos 9.043° )
S=501lbs . ans.